1
|
Ono R, Abe M, Koike N, Inokawa H, Tsuchiya Y, Umemura Y, Sasawaki Y, Yamamoto T, Wakisaka S, Kanamura N, Yagita K. Quantitative morphometric analysis of molar teeth and alveolar bone using micro-computed tomography in aged mice. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:265-270. [PMID: 34358700 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Irreversible morphological regressions of the teeth or related structures in older people can diminish their overall health. However, research on human aging in dentistry is complicated by several confounding factors. In this study, we conducted a morphometric analysis of the mandibular second molars and surrounding alveolar bone in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate age-related changes in the oral cavity. METHODS The animals were divided into five groups based on their age: 4 weeks (juvenile mice; n=5); 20 weeks (n=7), 50 weeks (n=5), 77 weeks (n=7), and 100 weeks (n=5); changes were evaluated using micro-computed tomography. RESULTS The molars of juvenile mice had sharp and pointed cusps and presented maximum heights. With age and occlusal wear, the cusp heights demonstrated a significant decrease (up to 75%) until the last stage of life. Conversely, apparent lesions were not observed on the basal portion of the crown, even in the most heavily worn teeth. The roots of the molars continued to grow in length at 4 weeks of age. Alveolar bone resorption begins to occur in middle age and continues throughout life. The proportion of vertical bone loss reached approximately 40% of the entire root length, demonstrating a remarkable increase between weeks 77 and 100. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these morphological changes were similar to those observed in humans. Therefore, it might be appropriate to use aged mice as an experimental model for basic and clinical research in geriatric dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Ono
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Chugoku Gakuen University, 83 Niwase, Kita-ku, Okayama, 701-0197, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuh Sasawaki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakisaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Navarro-Hortal MD, Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Piquer-Martinez C, Bullón P, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. Twenty-four Months Feeding on Unsaturated Dietary Fats (Virgin Olive, Sunflower, or Fish Oil) Differentially Modulate Gingival Mitochondria in the Rat. EFOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.190802.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
3
|
Ebersole JL, Dawson DA, Emecen Huja P, Pandruvada S, Basu A, Nguyen L, Zhang Y, Gonzalez OA. Age and Periodontal Health - Immunological View. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2018; 5:229-241. [PMID: 30555774 PMCID: PMC6291006 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Aging clearly impacts a wide array of systems, in particular the breadth of the immune system leading to immunosenescence, altered immunoactivation, and coincident inflammaging processes. The net result of these changes leads to increased susceptibility to infections, increased neoplastic occurrences, and elevated frequency of autoimmune diseases with aging. However, as the bacteria in the oral microbiome that contribute to the chronic infection of periodontitis is acquired earlier in life, the characteristics of the innate and adaptive immune systems to regulate these members of the autochthonous microbiota across the lifespan remains ill defined. RECENT FINDINGS Clear data demonstrate that both cells and molecules of the innate and adaptive immune response are adversely impacted by aging, including in the oral cavity, yielding a reasonable tenet that the increased periodontitis noted in aging populations is reflective of the age-associated immune dysregulation. Additionally, this facet of host-microbe interactions and disease needs to accommodate the population variation in disease onset and progression, which may also reflect an accumulation of environmental stressors and/or decreased protective nutrients that could function at the gene level (ie. epigenetic) or translational level for production and secretion of immune system molecules. SUMMARY Finally, the majority of studies of aging and periodontitis have emphasized the increased prevalence/severity of disease with aging, all based upon chronological age. However, evolving areas of study focusing on "biological aging" to help account for population variation in disease expression, may suggest that chronic periodontitis represents a co-morbidity that contributes to "gerovulnerability" within the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - D A Dawson
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - P Emecen Huja
- Department of Periodontics, JBE College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - S Pandruvada
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, JBE College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - A Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - L Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Y Zhang
- Southern Nevada Health District, Las Vegas, NV
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nishijima K, Ohno T, Saito R, Sumi Y, Aoyama H, Tanaka S. Age-dependent changes of the mandible bone throughout the lifespan in female F344/N rat. J Anat 2018; 233:440-446. [PMID: 30073652 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent changes of the mandible bone in female F344/N rats, aged 22-1196 days, were analyzed using physiological bone properties and morphology. Bone weight, bone area, bone mineral components, and bone mineral density were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The bone weight, bone area, bone mineral components, and bone mineral density increased rapidly until approximately 150 days of age, increased gradually thereafter, and then stabilized or decreased after 910 days of age. The ratio of bone mineral components to bone weight (bone mineral ratio) increased rapidly until approximately 43 days of age and stabilized thereafter. Size of the mandible, which was measured at 13 points on mandible surface, increased with age, and the rate of change showed a similar pattern to the other parameters. From a principal component analysis on morphometric measurements, principal component 1 (size factor) increased proportionally with age, whereas principal component 2 (shape factor) decreased until approximately 88 days of age and then increased after 365 days of age. As a result, the scatter plots for principal component 1 and principal component 2 were V-shaped, which indicates that the mandible developed in size, with deformation at younger ages, and recovered its original shape later in life. Our results revealed the occurrence of inflection points at approximately 43, 88, 150, 365, and 910 days of age. Some of these ages corresponded to transition points revealed by the age-dependent changes of the occlusal mandibular condyle and tooth wear in the same rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Animal Research Laboratory, Bioscience Education-Research Support Center, Akita University, Akita, Japan.,Animal Facility for Aging Research, National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Tamio Ohno
- Animal Facility for Aging Research, National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Science, Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- The Primate Research Facility, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Aoyama
- Toxicology Division, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso, Japan
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Animal Facility for Aging Research, National Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ebersole JL, Kirakodu SS, Novak MJ, Orraca L, Martinez JG, Cunningham LL, Thomas MV, Stromberg A, Pandruvada SN, Gonzalez OA. Transcriptome Analysis of B Cell Immune Functions in Periodontitis: Mucosal Tissue Responses to the Oral Microbiome in Aging. Front Immunol 2016; 7:272. [PMID: 27486459 PMCID: PMC4947588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown activation of T and B cells in gingival tissues in experimental models and in humans diagnosed with periodontitis. The results of this adaptive immune response are noted both locally and systemically with antigenic specificity for an array of oral bacteria, including periodontopathic species, e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. It has been recognized through epidemiological studies and clinical observations that the prevalence of periodontitis increases with age. This report describes our studies evaluating gingival tissue transcriptomes in humans and specifically exploiting the use of a non-human primate model of naturally occurring periodontitis to delineate gingival mucosal tissue gene expression profiles focusing on cells/genes critical for the development of humoral adaptive immune responses. Patterns of B cell and plasmacyte genes were altered in aging healthy gingival tissues. Substantial increases in a large number of genes reflecting antigen-dependent activation, B cell activation, B cell proliferation, and B cell differentiation/maturation were observed in periodontitis in adults and aged animals. Finally, evaluation of the relationship of these gene expression patterns with those of various tissue destructive molecules (MMP2, MMP9, CTSK, TNFα, and RANKL) showed a greater frequency of positive correlations in healthy tissues versus periodontitis tissues, with only MMP9 correlations similar between the two tissue types. These results are consistent with B cell response activities in healthy tissues potentially contributing to muting the effects of the tissue destructive biomolecules, whereas with periodontitis this relationship is adversely affected and enabling a progression of tissue destructive events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sreenatha S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - M John Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Luis Orraca
- Caribbean Primate Research Center , Sabana Seca, PR , USA
| | - Janis Gonzalez Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, Sabana Seca, PR, USA; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Larry L Cunningham
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Mark V Thomas
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Subramanya N Pandruvada
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Varela-Lopez A, Bullon P, Battino M, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Ochoa JJ, Cordero MD, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Rubini C, Zizzi A, Quiles JL. Coenzyme Q Protects Against Age-Related Alveolar Bone Loss Associated to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Rich-Diets by Modulating Mitochondrial Mechanisms. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
7
|
Irie K, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Azuma T, Tamaki N, Yoneda T, Morita M. Anti-ageing effects of dentifrices containing anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial agents (Tomarina®) on gingival collagen degradation in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
8
|
Bullon P, Battino M, Varela-Lopez A, Perez-Lopez P, Granados-Principal S, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Ochoa JJ, Cordero MD, Gonzalez-Alonso A, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Rubini C, Zizzi A, Quiles JL. Diets based on virgin olive oil or fish oil but not on sunflower oil prevent age-related alveolar bone resorption by mitochondrial-related mechanisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74234. [PMID: 24066124 PMCID: PMC3774624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Aging enhances frequency of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases or periodontitis. Here we reproduced an age-dependent model of the periodontium, a fully physiological approach to periodontal conditions, to evaluate the impact of dietary fat type on gingival tissue of young (6 months old) and old (24 months old) rats. Methods/Findings Animals were fed life-long on diets based on monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) as virgin olive oil, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA), as sunflower oil, or n-3PUFA, as fish oil. Age-related alveolar bone loss was higher in n-6PUFA fed rats, probably as a consequence of the ablation of the cell capacity to adapt to aging. Gene expression analysis suggests that MUFA or n-3PUFA allowed mitochondria to maintain an adequate turnover through induction of biogenesis, autophagy and the antioxidant systems, and avoiding mitochondrial electron transport system alterations. Conclusions The main finding is that the enhanced alveolar bone loss associated to age may be targeted by an appropriate dietary treatment. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are related with an ablation of the cell capacity to adapt to aging. Thus, MUFA or n-3PUFA might allow mitochondrial maintaining turnover through biogenesis or autophagy. They might also be able to induce the corresponding antioxidant systems to counteract age-related oxidative stress, and do not inhibit mitochondrial electron transport chain. From the nutritional and clinical point of view, it is noteworthy that the potential treatments to attenuate alveolar bone loss (a feature of periodontal disease) associated to age could be similar to some of the proposed for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a group of pathologies recently associated with age-related periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bullon
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alfonso Varela-Lopez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Perez-Lopez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C. Ramirez-Tortosa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario D. Cordero
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Adrian Gonzalez-Alonso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Corrado Rubini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia
| | - José L. Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nishijima K, Tanaka S, Sakamoto SH, Kuwahara S, Ohno T, Kitajima S. Populations of follicles in F344/N rats during aging. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:145-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Yoneda T, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Azuma T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Machida T, Morita M. Anti-aging Effects of Co-enzyme Q10 on Periodontal Tissues. J Dent Res 2013; 92:735-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034513490959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with age-related reactions. The anti-oxidative effects of a reduced form of co-enzyme Q10 (rCoQ10) suppress oxidative stress, which may contribute to the prevention of age-related inflammatory reactions. We examined the effects of topically applied rCoQ10 on periodontal inflammatory reactions in a rat aging model. Male Fischer 344 rats, 2 (n = 6) and 4 mos (n = 18) of age, were used. All of the two-month-old rats and 6 of the four-month-old rats were sacrificed and 12 remaining four-month-old rats received topically applied ointment with or without 1% rCoQ10 on the gingival surface until they reached 6 mos of age. The rats showed an age-dependent increase in circulating oxidative stress. RCoQ10 decreased oxidative DNA damage and tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase-positive osteoclasts in the periodontal tissue at 6 mos of age as compared with the control. The same conditions lowered gene expression of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β in the periodontal tissue. Furthermore, Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasomes were less activated in periodontal tissues from rCoQ10-treated rats as compared with the control rats. Our results suggest that rCoQ10 suppresses age-related inflammatory reactions and osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - T. Tomofuji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - D. Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - T. Azuma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Y. Endo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - K. Kasuyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - T. Machida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - M. Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leong NL, Hurng JM, Djomehri SI, Gansky SA, Ryder MI, Ho SP. Age-related adaptation of bone-PDL-tooth complex: Rattus-Norvegicus as a model system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35980. [PMID: 22558292 PMCID: PMC3340399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional loads on an organ induce tissue adaptations by converting mechanical energy into chemical energy at a cell-level. The transducing capacity of cells alters physico-chemical properties of tissues, developing a positive feedback commonly recognized as the form-function relationship. In this study, organ and tissue adaptations were mapped in the bone-tooth complex by identifying and correlating biomolecular expressions to physico-chemical properties in rats from 1.5 to 15 months. However, future research using hard and soft chow over relevant age groups would decouple the function related effects from aging affects. Progressive curvature in the distal root with increased root resorption was observed using micro X-ray computed tomography. Resorption was correlated to the increased activity of multinucleated osteoclasts on the distal side of the molars until 6 months using tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Interestingly, mononucleated TRAP positive cells within PDL vasculature were observed in older rats. Higher levels of glycosaminoglycans were identified at PDL-bone and PDL-cementum entheses using alcian blue stain. Decreasing biochemical gradients from coronal to apical zones, specifically biomolecules that can induce osteogenic (biglycan) and fibrogenic (fibromodulin, decorin) phenotypes, and PDL-specific negative regulator of mineralization (asporin) were observed using immunohistochemistry. Heterogeneous distribution of Ca and P in alveolar bone, and relatively lower contents at the entheses, were observed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. No correlation between age and microhardness of alveolar bone (0.7 ± 0.1 to 0.9 ± 0.2 GPa) and cementum (0.6 ± 0.1 to 0.8 ± 0.3 GPa) was observed using a microindenter. However, hardness of cementum and alveolar bone at any given age were significantly different (P<0.05). These observations should be taken into account as baseline parameters, during development (1.5 to 4 months), growth (4 to 10 months), followed by a senescent phase (10 to 15 months), from which deviations due to experimentally induced perturbations can be effectively investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narita L. Leong
- Division of Biomaterials & Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Hurng
- Division of Biomaterials & Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sabra I. Djomehri
- Division of Biomaterials & Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart A. Gansky
- Division of Oral Epidemiology & Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark I. Ryder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sunita P. Ho
- Division of Biomaterials & Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Galli C, Passeri G, Macaluso GM. FoxOs, Wnts and oxidative stress-induced bone loss: new players in the periodontitis arena? J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:397-406. [PMID: 21332475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic periodontitis is a widespread disease affecting tooth-supporting structures that can lead to extensive loss of periodontal ligament and bone, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. Extensive evidence has demonstrated a strong association between age, metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes, oxidative stress and alveolar bone loss. The molecular players controlling bone maintenance and underlying age-related bone loss and its links to the general metabolism are currently the object of intense research. MATERIAL AND METHODS Recent findings are summarized to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress, bone loss and metabolic factors. RESULTS It is well known that reactive oxygen species are an inevitable consequence of cellular respiration and that organisms have developed an efficient array of defenses against them. The core of this complex defense line is a family of transcription factors, known as FoxOs, which can bind to β-catenin and initiate a transcriptional programme regulating cell apoptosis, DNA repair and degradation of reactive oxygen species. An increase in reactive oxygen species due, for example, to age or insulin resistance, generates a situation in which bone formation is impaired by activation of FoxO, and a decrease in Wnt signaling and bone resorption are promoted. CONCLUSION The balance between FoxO and the Wnt pathway is finely tuned by systemic and local factors, creating a far-reaching mechanism that dictates the fate of mesenchymal progenitors and regulates the homeostasis of bone, providing a rationale for the impairment of systemic and alveolar bone maintenance clinically observed with age and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Galli
- Department of Internal Medicine Unit of Periodontology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nishijima K, Kuwahara S, Ohno T, Kitajima S, Sumi Y, Tanaka S. Aging change of mandibular condyle in female F344/N rat. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 51:e11-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Occlusal tooth wear in male F344/N rats with aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2008; 48:178-81. [PMID: 18329739 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of clarifying the aging properties of an animal model, the progress of occlusal tooth wear (OTW) of molars in male F344/N rats was monitored. Dried maxilla and mandible specimens from 61 male F344/N rats, aged 7 to >30 months, were used. The levels of OTW of all molars were monitored with aging. The cuspis dentis of molar teeth were worn out by 7 months (M) of age, and the occlusal surface became flat. As for each molar tooth (M(1-3), numbered in accordance with its position), OTW of M(1) was more severe in the lower than in the upper jaw, whereas M(3) was more severe in the upper than the lower jaw. OTW of M(2) in both the upper and the lower jaws progressed rapidly after 27M. OTW in male F344/N rats progressed faster than in females. However, when compensated for life span, both genders had similar profiles in OTW progress with aging. This study suggested that male rats were more convenient than females as a model for gerodontological research because of the earlier course of OTW progress.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nishijima K, Kuwahara S, Ohno T, Miyaishi O, Ito Y, Sumi Y, Tanaka S. Occlusal tooth wear in female F344/N rats with aging. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:844-9. [PMID: 17433248 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to ascertain whether laboratory rats are an adequate animal model for aging oral cavity research, especially on occlusal tooth wear (OTW), which progresses with aging and causes abnormal occlusions. Mastication has been reported to relate to cognition in the elderly. Thus, it is important to care for the oral cavity, especially in the frail elderly, for the maintenance of all-round quality of life. Adequate and appropriate animal models are essential for basic and clinical research on the oral cavity. METHODS Dried maxilla and mandible specimens from 98 young, aging or aged female F344/N rats were used. RESULTS The levels of OTW of all molars were monitored with aging. The molar tooth began to wear at 1-month old (M) and progressed rapidly till 12M. Subsequently, OTW progressed slowly till 30M, and then rapidly again after 35M. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that progress of OTW is well correlated with the entire life span of the rat, and suggested that the rat aged over 12M would be an adequate animal model for research on OTW in middle-aged and elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Animal Facility for Aging Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sone K, Yamamoto-Sawamura T, Kuwahara S, Nishijima K, Ohno T, Aoyama H, Tanaka S. Changes of estrous cycles with aging in female F344/n rats. Exp Anim 2007; 56:139-48. [PMID: 17460359 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.56.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of estrous cycles with aging of F344/N rats between 1 and 30 months of age (M) were monitored by vaginal smear cytology. The vaginal opening and first cornified cell phase were identified at 1.3 +/- 0.1 M and 1.5 +/- 0.2 M, respectively. Thereafter, estrous cycles showed about 5-day intervals, and ceased at 16.4 +/- 1.2 M. Thereafter irregular appearance of single cornified cell phases without the preceding of nucleated cell phases interspersed with a predominant leukocyte phase was seen in vaginal smears until 26.9 +/- 0.5 M. Growing and mature follicles as well as corpora lutea persisted until at least 30 M, and characterized the post reproductive aging of F344/N females. The F344/N rats seem to resemble humans in that the cessation of estrous cycles occurs at approximately half their entire lifespan. However, other aging characteristics are unknown in postmenopausal women. Therefore, we must be careful when extrapolating the aging changes of reproduction in F344/N rats to human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sone
- Animal Facility for Aging Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|