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Sahu Y, Jamadade P, Ch Maharana K, Singh S. Role of mitochondrial homeostasis in D-galactose-induced cardiovascular ageing from bench to bedside. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101923. [PMID: 38925493 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable phenomenon which affects the cellular to the organism level in the progression of the time. Oxidative stress and inflammation are now widely regarded as the key processes involved in the aging process, which may then cause significant harm to mitochondrial DNA, leading to apoptosis. Normal circulatory function is a significant predictor of disease-free life expectancy. Indeed, disorders affecting the cardiovascular system, which are becoming more common, are the primary cause of worldwide morbidity, disability, and mortality. Cardiovascular aging may precede or possibly underpin overall, age-related health decline. Numerous studies have foundmitochondrial mechanistc approachplays a vital role in the in the onset and development of aging. The D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model is well recognized and commonly used in the aging study. In this review we redeposit the association of the previous and current studies on mitochondrial homeostasis and its underlying mechanisms in D-galactose cardiovascular ageing. Further we focus the novel and the treatment strategies to combat the major complication leading to the cardiovascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Pratiksha Jamadade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Krushna Ch Maharana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, India.
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Cao N, Zong X, Guo X, Chen X, Nie D, Huang L, Li L, Ma Y, Wang C, Pang S. The adsorption effects of biochar on carbofuran in water and the mixture toxicity of biochar-carbofuran in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140992. [PMID: 38141676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbofuran, a widely used carbamate insecticide, is frequently detected in water. In this study, a high-performance adsorbent (WAB4) for carbofuran was obtained from laboratory-synthesized biochars. The maximum adsorption of carbofuran by WAB4 reaches 113.7 mg/g approximately. The adsorption of carbofuran by biochar was a multi-molecular layer and the adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9984) and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.99). Importantly, an in vivo rat model was used to assess the combined toxicological effects of biochar-carbofuran complexes. The toxicity of the complexes (LD50 > 12 mg/kg) is lower than that of carbofuran (LD50 = 7.9 mg/kg) alone. The damage of biochar-carbofuran complex on rat liver and lung is significantly less than that of carbofuran. The Cmax and bioavailability of carbofuran were found to be reduced by 64% and 68%, respectively, when biochar was present, by UPLC-MS/MS analysis of carbofuran in rat plasma. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the biochar-carbofuran complex is relatively stable in the gastrointestinal tract, by performing a carbofuran release assay in artificial gastrointestinal fluids in vitro. Collectively, biochar is a bio-friendly material for the removal of carbofuran from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xingxing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xuanjun Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Dongxing Nie
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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García-Velázquez L, Massieu L. The proteomic effects of ketone bodies: implications for proteostasis and brain proteinopathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1214092. [PMID: 37575967 PMCID: PMC10413579 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1214092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of the ketone bodies (KBs), acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), on diverse physiological processes and diseases. Hence, KBs have been suggested as therapeutic tools for neurodegenerative diseases. KBs are an alternative fuel during fasting and starvation as they can be converted to Ac-CoA to produce ATP. A ketogenic diet (KD), enriched in fats and low in carbohydrates, induces KB production in the liver and favors their use in the brain. BHB is the most abundant KB in the circulation; in addition to its role as energy fuel, it exerts many actions that impact the set of proteins in the cell and tissue. BHB can covalently bind to proteins in lysine residues as a new post-translational modification (PTM) named β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb). Kbhb has been identified in many proteins where Kbhb sites can be critical for binding to other proteins or cofactors. Kbhb is mostly found in proteins involved in chromatin structure, DNA repair, regulation of spliceosome, transcription, and oxidative phosphorylation. Histones are the most studied family of proteins with this PTM, and H3K9bhb is the best studied histone mark. Their target genes are mainly related to cell metabolism, chromatin remodeling and the control of circadian rhythms. The role of Kbhb on physiological processes is poorly known, but it might link KB metabolism to cell signaling and genome regulation. BHB also impacts the proteome by influencing proteostasis. This KB can modulate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and autophagy, two processes involved in the maintenance of protein homeostasis through the clearance of accumulated unfolded and damaged proteins. BHB can support proteostasis and regulate the UPR to promote metabolism adaptation in the liver and prevent cell damage in the brain. Also, BHB stimulates autophagy aiding to the degradation of accumulated proteins. Protein aggregation is common to proteinopathies like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, where the KD and BHB treatment have shown favorable effects. In the present review, the current literature supporting the effects of KBs on proteome conformation and proteostasis is discussed, as well as its possible impact on AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico
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Kong X, Liang H, An W, Bai S, Miao Y, Qiang J, Wang H, Zhou Y, Zhang Q. Rapid identification of early renal damage in asymptomatic hyperuricemia patients based on urine Raman spectroscopy and bioinformatics analysis. Front Chem 2023; 11:1045697. [PMID: 36762194 PMCID: PMC9905717 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1045697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The issue of when to start treatment in patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) without gout and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is both important and controversial. In this study, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was used to analyze urine samples, and key genes expressed differentially CKD were identified using bioinformatics. The biological functions and regulatory pathways of these key genes were preliminarily analyzed, and the relationship between them as well as the heterogeneity of the urine components of HUA was evaluated. This study provides new ideas for the rapid evaluation of renal function in patients with HUA and CKD, while providing an important reference for the new treatment strategy of HUA disease. Methods: A physically examined population in 2021 was recruited as the research subjects. There were 10 cases with normal blood uric acid level and 31 cases with asymptomatic HUA diagnosis. The general clinical data were collected and the urine samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. An identification model was also established by using the multidimensional multivariate method of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model for statistical analysis of the data, key genes associated with CKD were identified using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and key biological pathways associated with renal function damage in CKD patients with HUA were analyzed. Results: The Raman spectra showed significant differences in the levels of uric acid (640 cm-1), urea, creatinine (1,608, 1,706 cm-1), proteins/amino acids (642, 828, 1,556, 1,585, 1,587, 1,596, 1,603, 1,615 cm-1), and ketone body (1,643 cm-1) (p < 0.05). The top 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with CKD (ALB, MYC, IL10, FOS, TOP2A, PLG, REN, FGA, CCNA2, and BUB1) were identified. Compared with the differential peak positions analyzed by the OPLS-DA model, it was found that the peak positions of glutathione, tryptophan and tyrosine may be important markers for the diagnosis and progression of CKD. Conclusion: The progression of CKD was related to the expression of the ALB, MYC, IL10, PLG, REN, and FGA genes. Patients with HUA may have abnormalities in glutathione, tryptophan, tyrosine, and energy metabolism. The application of Raman spectroscopy to analyze urine samples and interpret the heterogeneity of the internal environment of asymptomatic HUA patients can be combined with the OPLS-DA model to mine the massive clinical and biochemical examination information on HUA patients. The results can also provide a reference for identifying the right time for intervention for uric acid as well as assist the early detection of changes in the internal environment of the body. Finally, this approach provides a useful technical supplement for exploring a low-cost, rapid evaluation and improving the timeliness of screening. Precise intervention of abnormal signal levels of internal environment and energy metabolism may be a potential way to delay renal injury in patients with HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Bai
- Department of Ultrasound, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Junlian Qiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Qiang Zhang, ; Yuan Zhou,
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Qiang Zhang, ; Yuan Zhou,
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Su W, Lv C, Huang L, Zheng X, Yang S. Glucosamine delays the progression of osteoporosis in senile mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:75. [DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is one of the most prevalent diseases that afflict the elderly population, which characterized by decreased osteogenic ability. Glucosamine (GlcN) is an over-the-counter dietary supplement. Our previous study reported that GlcN promotes osteoblast proliferation by activating autophagy in vitro. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects and mechanisms of GlcN on senile osteoporosis and osteogenic differentiation in vivo.
Methods
Aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of d-Galactose (d-Gal), and treated with GlcN or vehicle. The anti-senile-osteoporosis effect of GlcN was explored by examining changes in micro-CT, serum indicators, body weight, protein and gene expression of aging and apoptosis. Additionally, the effects of GlcN on protein and gene expression of osteogenesis and autophagy were observed by inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA).
Results
GlcN significantly improved bone mineral density (BMD) and bone micro-architecture, decreased skeletal senescence and apoptosis and increased osteogenesis in d-Gal induced osteoporotic mice. While all effect was reversed with 3-MA.
Conclusion
GlcN effectively delayed the progression of osteoporosis in senile osteoporotic mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy. This study suggested that GlcN may be a prospective candidate drug for the treatment of SOP.
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Liu C, Zheng X, Liu L, Hu Y, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Wang H, Gu EW, Yang Z, Xu G. Caloric Restriction Alleviates CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain via Elevating β-Hydroxybutyric Acid Expression and Restoring Autophagic Flux in the Spinal Cord. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:828278. [PMID: 35573301 PMCID: PMC9096081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.828278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is the most common type of pain encountered in clinical practice; however, the currently available treatments are limited by insufficient efficacy and side effects. Therefore, new methods to relieve inflammatory pain targeting new mechanisms are urgently needed. Preclinical investigations have shown that CR (calorie restriction) exerts analgesic effects in neuropathic and cancer pain; however, the effect of CR on chronic inflammatory pain remains unknown. During calorie restriction, autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation process, can be activated to support cell survival. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic effects of CR on complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. The accumulation of LC3-II and p62 showed impaired autophagic flux in the ipsilateral spinal cord of mice with CFA-induced inflammatory pain. CR alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and reduced paw edema and pro-inflammatory factors following CFA administration. CR exerted an analgesic effect by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cord. Regarding the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of CR, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) was studied. CR increased BHB levels in the ipsilateral spinal cord. Furthermore, exogenous BHB administration exerted an analgesic effect by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cords of CFA-induced inflammatory pain mice. Taken together, these results illustrated that CR relieved inflammatory pain by restoring autophagic flux in the spinal cord, while BHB controlled the benefits of CR, suggesting that CR or BHB might be a promising treatment for inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Qianyun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Er-wei Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
| | - Zhilai Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilai Yang,
| | - Guanghong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- Guanghong Xu,
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Atta MM, Habieb ME, Mohamed MAEH, Lotfy DM, Taha EO. Radiation-assisted reduction of graphene oxide by aloe vera and ginger and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles against male mice liver injury induced by gamma radiation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for graphene oxide reduction using γ-rays in the presence of natural antioxidants is revealed for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Atta
- Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. E. Habieb
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abd El Hameed Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D. M. Lotfy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman O. Taha
- Petroleum Applications Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt
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Yao A, Li Z, Lyu J, Yu L, Wei S, Xue L, Wang H, Chen GQ. On the nutritional and therapeutic effects of ketone body D-β-hydroxybutyrate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6229-6243. [PMID: 34415393 PMCID: PMC8377336 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract d-β-hydroxybutyrate (d-3HB), a monomer of microbial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), is also a natural ketone body produced during carbohydrate deprivation to provide energy to the body cells, heart, and brain. In recent years, increasing evidence demonstrates that d-3HB can induce pleiotropic effects on the human body which are highly beneficial for improving physical and metabolic health. Conventional ketogenic diet (KD) or exogenous ketone salts (KS) and esters (KE) have been used to increase serum d-3HB level. However, strict adaptation to the KD was often associated with poor patient compliance, while the ingestion of KS caused gastrointestinal distresses due to excessive consumption of minerals. As for ingestion of KE, subsequent degradation is required before releasing d-3HB for absorption, making these methods somewhat inferior. This review provides novel insights into a biologically synthesized d-3HB (d-3-hydroxybutyric acid) which can induce a faster increase in plasma d-3HB compared to the use of KD, KS, or KE. It also emphasizes on the most recent applications of d-3HB in different fields, including its use in improving exercise performance and in treating metabolic or age-related diseases. Ketones may become a fourth micro-nutrient that is necessary to the human body along with carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Indeed, d-3HB being a small molecule with multiple signaling pathways within the body exhibits paramount importance in mitigating metabolic and age-related diseases. Nevertheless, specific dose–response relationships and safety margins of using d-3HB remain to be elucidated with more research. Key points • d-3HB induces pleiotropic effects on physical and metabolic health. • Exogenous ketone supplements are more effective than ketogenic diet. • d-3HB as a ketone supplement has long-term healthy impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Yao
- MedPHA Bioscience Co. Ltd., Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park of Co-Operation Between Guangdong and Macau, Building No.103, 36 Doukou Rd, Hengqin District, Zhuhai, 519030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zihua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinyan Lyu
- MedPHA Bioscience Co. Ltd., Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park of Co-Operation Between Guangdong and Macau, Building No.103, 36 Doukou Rd, Hengqin District, Zhuhai, 519030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liusong Yu
- MedPHA Bioscience Co. Ltd., Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park of Co-Operation Between Guangdong and Macau, Building No.103, 36 Doukou Rd, Hengqin District, Zhuhai, 519030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Situ Wei
- MedPHA Bioscience Co. Ltd., Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park of Co-Operation Between Guangdong and Macau, Building No.103, 36 Doukou Rd, Hengqin District, Zhuhai, 519030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lingyun Xue
- MedPHA Bioscience Co. Ltd., Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park of Co-Operation Between Guangdong and Macau, Building No.103, 36 Doukou Rd, Hengqin District, Zhuhai, 519030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Province Biomedical Material Conversion and Evaluation Engineering Technology Center, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MedPHA Bioscience Co. Ltd., Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park of Co-Operation Between Guangdong and Macau, Building No.103, 36 Doukou Rd, Hengqin District, Zhuhai, 519030, Guangdong Province, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Life Sciences and Dept Chemical Engineering, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology (CSSB), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Kovács Z, Brunner B, Ari C. Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements on Aging Processes and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072197. [PMID: 34206738 PMCID: PMC8308443 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy of humans has increased continuously up to the present days, but their health status (healthspan) was not enhanced by similar extent. To decrease enormous medical, economical and psychological burden that arise from this discrepancy, improvement of healthspan is needed that leads to delaying both aging processes and development of age-related diseases, thereby extending lifespan. Thus, development of new therapeutic tools to alleviate aging processes and related diseases and to increase life expectancy is a topic of increasing interest. It is widely accepted that ketosis (increased blood ketone body levels, e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate) can generate neuroprotective effects. Ketosis-evoked neuroprotective effects may lead to improvement in health status and delay both aging and the development of related diseases through improving mitochondrial function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, histone and non-histone acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation of histones, modulation of neurotransmitter systems and RNA functions. Administration of exogenous ketogenic supplements was proven to be an effective method to induce and maintain a healthy state of nutritional ketosis. Consequently, exogenous ketogenic supplements, such as ketone salts and ketone esters, may mitigate aging processes, delay the onset of age-associated diseases and extend lifespan through ketosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the main hallmarks of aging processes and certain signaling pathways in association with (putative) beneficial influences of exogenous ketogenic supplements-evoked ketosis on lifespan, aging processes, the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), as well as impaired learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitta Brunner
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Ari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, PCD 3127, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Ketone Technologies LLC, 2780 E. Fowler Ave. #226, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-2409925
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