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Leng W, Li X, Dong L, Guo Z, Ji X, Cai T, Xu C, Zhu Z, Lin J. The Regenerative Microenvironment of the Tissue Engineering for Urethral Strictures. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:672-687. [PMID: 38305981 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Urethral stricture caused by various reasons has threatened the quality of life of patients for decades. Traditional reconstruction methods, especially for long-segment injuries, have shown poor outcomes in treating urethral strictures. Tissue engineering for urethral regeneration is an emerging concept in which special designed scaffolds and seed cells are used to promote local urethral regeneration. The scaffolds, seed cells, various factors and the host interact with each other and form the regenerative microenvironment. Among the various interactions involved, vascularization and fibrosis are the most important biological processes during urethral regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells play special roles in stricture repair and facilitate long-segment urethral regeneration, but they may also induce carcinogenesis and genomic instability during reconstruction. Nevertheless, current technologies, such as genetic engineering, molecular imaging, and exosome extraction, provide us with opportunities to manage seed cell-related regenerative risks. In this review, we described the interactions among seed cells, scaffolds, factors and the host within the regenerative microenvironment, which may help in determining the exact molecular mechanisms involved in urethral stricture regeneration and promoting clinical trials and the application of urethral tissue engineering in patients suffering from urethral stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Leng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhenke Guo
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Tianyu Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chunru Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.
- National Urological Cancer Center, No. 8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Keyser BM, Flockton H, Weidman RA, Payne R, Rowe J, Jordan KG. In vitro permeation of nicotine and tobacco specific nitrosamines from smokeless tobacco product extracts in a 3D buccal tissue model. Toxicol Lett 2024; 392:36-45. [PMID: 38142871 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco product use is a risk factor in the development of oral cancer, although epidemiology studies show this risk is far less with smokeless tobacco product use than cigarette smoking. While smokeless tobacco contains harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), the oral permeation of HPHCs in oral tobacco products is not completely understood. To improve the understanding, three different extract concentrations of the CORESTA reference products (CRP) for snus (CRP1.1) and moist snuff (CRP2.1) were applied to cellular tissue derived from two donors of EpiOral™ model, a 3D human buccal model, and permeation of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) were measured over two hours. Permeation of 0.15% caffeine in complete artificial saliva and cell viability were also measured. Results showed that a consistent and concentration dependent cumulative permeation of nicotine and TSNAs was observed with high percent recovery in all conditions. A high degree of sensitivity was seen for all analytes, with minimal cytotoxicity for both CRPs. The data presented here show the EpiOral™ model is fit-for-purpose to evaluate the permeation of nicotine and TSNAs in nicotine-containing snus and moist snuff oral tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Keyser
- RAI Services Company, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, 401 NorthMain Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Hannah Flockton
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Ltd., Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Randy A Weidman
- RAI Services Company, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, 401 NorthMain Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rebecca Payne
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Ltd., Harrogate, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jannell Rowe
- RAI Services Company, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, 401 NorthMain Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Kristen G Jordan
- RAI Services Company, Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, 401 NorthMain Street, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Jin Y, Zhao W, Yang M, Fang W, Gao G, Wang Y, Fu Q. Cell-Based Therapy for Urethral Regeneration: A Narrative Review and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2366. [PMID: 37760808 PMCID: PMC10525510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urethral stricture is a common urological disease that seriously affects quality of life. Urethroplasty with grafts is the primary treatment, but the autografts used in clinical practice have unavoidable disadvantages, which have contributed to the development of urethral tissue engineering. Using various types of seed cells in combination with biomaterials to construct a tissue-engineered urethra provides a new treatment method to repair long-segment urethral strictures. To date, various cell types have been explored and applied in the field of urethral regeneration. However, no optimal strategy for the source, selection, and application conditions of the cells is available. This review systematically summarizes the use of various cell types in urethral regeneration and their characteristics in recent years and discusses possible future directions of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwang Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.J.)
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.J.)
| | - Wenzhuo Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.J.)
| | - Guo Gao
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.J.)
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; (Y.J.)
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Aizawa S, Yoshida H, Umeshita K, Watanabe S, Takahashi Y, Sakane S, Sakaguchi H, Kataoka S. Development of an oral mucosal irritation test using a three-dimensional human buccal oral mucosal model. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 87:105519. [PMID: 36403724 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa can become irritated by oral care products and lip cosmetics. Therefore, it is important to determine the irritation potential of their ingredients and products during safety evaluations. We developed a method for oral mucosal irritation test using EpiOral, which is a three-dimensional cultured model. Exposure of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to EpiOral showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. Under 120 min exposure conditions, SLS irritation was detected when 60% cell viability was set as a criterion. Evaluation of the irritancy of SLS and four other raw materials used in oral products at three laboratories under the above conditions confirmed good transferability of the test. Focused on the similarity of the oral and eye mucous, 32 chemicals categorised by the UN-GHS eye-irritation classification were evaluated to ensure the reliability of our criteria at these laboratories. The concordance rate between the UN-GHS classification and our test results was 100% for irritants and 60% for non-irritants. The good intra-laboratory reproducibility of our test was confirmed from the evaluation results of negative and positive controls, and the good inter-laboratory reproducibility was confirmed from the results of 32 chemicals. These findings showed that oral mucosal irritation can be evaluated using EpiOral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Aizawa
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Yoshida
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Watanabe
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakane
- Safety & Analysis, R&D Support, Sunstar Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakaguchi
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kataoka
- Safety Science Research Laboratories, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
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A 3D Model of Human Buccal Mucosa for Compatibility Testing of Mouth Rinsing Solutions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030721. [PMID: 36986582 PMCID: PMC10057523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis is the most common and severe non-hematological complication associated with cancer radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or their combination. Treatment of oral mucositis focuses on pain management and the use of natural anti-inflammatory, sometimes weakly antiseptic mouth rinses in combination with optimal oral cavity hygiene. To prevent negative effects of rinsing, accurate testing of oral care products is necessary. Due to their ability to mimic realistic in-vivo conditions, 3D models may be an appropriate option in compatibility testing of anti-inflammatory and antiseptically effective mouth rinses. We present a 3D model of oral mucosa based on the cell line TR-146 with a physical barrier, characterized by high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and confirmed cell integrity. Histological characterization of the 3D mucosa model showed a stratified, non-keratinized multilayer of epithelial cells similar to that of human oral mucosa. By means of immuno-staining, tissue-specific expression of cytokeratin 13 and 14 was shown. Incubation of the 3D mucosa model with the rinses had no effects on cell viability, but TEER decreased 24h after incubation in all solutions except ProntOral®. Analogous to skin models, the established 3D model meets the quality control criteria of OECD guidelines and may therefore be suitable for comparing the cytocompatibility of oral rinses.
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Keyser BM. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response of smokeless tobacco extracts and cytotoxicity of combustible cigarette whole smoke in a 3D oral organotypic buccal cell model. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:352-361. [PMID: 34923904 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.2009949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral disease is frequently associated with viral and environmental exposures and oral hygiene. The use of tobacco is a risk factor in the development of oral disease. Cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress have been reported to have a role in the development of oral disease. These three endpoints were evaluated in a 3D human oral buccal model, EpiOral™, following exposure to CORESTA reference smokeless tobacco products (CRPs) and cigarette whole smoke. CRPs for Swedish style snus (CRP1), moist snuff (CRP2), and dry snuff (CRP3) were each extracted in complete artificial saliva (CAS) with a ratio of 300 mg CRP to 1 mL of CAS. Each of the CRP extracts (15-300 mg/ml) were applied to the apical side of a 3D organotypic buccal cell model for 24 or 48 h continuously, then cytotoxicity (LDH), oxidative stress (8-isoprostane), and inflammatory response (IP10, IL-1α, and IL-8) were measured. Experiments with 3R4F cigarettes were conducted by exposing the buccal tissues to whole smoke for a maximum of 2.5 h. Cytotoxicity (MTT) was measured 24 h post-exposure. Exposure of buccal tissues to whole smoke from a cigarette induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic response. In contrast, the CRP extracts elicited minimal cytotoxicity (<15%) when compared to CAS (vehicle control), but time- and dose-dependent effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response were observed. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a 3D organotypic buccal human model may be used to assess biological mechanisms (MOAs) involved in the development of oral disease following exposure to smokeless tobacco products and may be applicable for differentiation between tobacco product categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Keyser
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Klausner M, Handa Y, Aizawa S. In vitro three-dimensional organotypic culture models of the oral mucosa. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:148-159. [PMID: 33447968 PMCID: PMC7808300 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional, organotypic models of the oral mucosa have been developed to study a wide variety of phenomena occurring in the oral cavity. Although a number of models have been developed in academic research labs, only a few models have been commercialized. Models from academic groups offer a broader range of phenotypes while the commercial models are more focused on the oral and gingival mucosa. The commercialized models are manufactured under highly controlled conditions and meet the requirements of quality standards, which leads to high levels of reproducibility. These in vitro models have been used to evaluate the irritancy of oral care products such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, and mucoadhesives. The effects of cigarette smoke on oral cavity tissues have been studied and compared to those of e-cigarettes. Oral tissue models have facilitated investigation of the mechanisms of oral mucositis and oral candidiasis and have been used to examine transbuccal drug delivery rates and the absorption of nanoparticles. Infection studies have investigated the effects of HIV-1 along with the effects of commensal and pathogenic bacteria. More recently, a differentiated oral tissue model has been shown to express the ACE2 receptor, which is known to be important for the receptor-mediated entry of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus into human cells and tissues. Hence, oral mucosal models may find application in determining whether viral infection of the oral mucosa is possible and whether such infection has implications vis-a-vis the current COVID-19 pandemic. As is apparent, these models are used in a broad variety of applications and often offer advantages versus animal models in terms of reproducibility, avoiding species extrapolation, and the ethical concerns related to human and animal experimentation. The goals of this paper are to review commercially available models of the human buccal and gingival mucosa and highlight their use to gain a better understanding of a broad range of phenomena affecting tissues in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Handa
- Kurabo Industries Ltd, Neyagawa, Osaka, Japan
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Tabatabaei F, Moharamzadeh K, Tayebi L. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Oral Mucosa Models of Fungal and Bacterial Infections. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:443-460. [PMID: 32131719 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa is the target tissue for many microorganisms involved in periodontitis and other infectious diseases affecting the oral cavity. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro and ex vivo oral mucosa equivalents have been used for oral disease modeling and investigation of the mechanisms of oral bacterial and fungal infections. This review was conducted to analyze different studies using 3D oral mucosa models for the evaluation of the interactions of different microorganisms with oral mucosa. In this study, based on our inclusion criteria, 43 articles were selected and analyzed. Different types of 3D oral mucosa models of bacterial and fungal infections were discussed in terms of the biological system used, culture conditions, method of infection, and the biological endpoints assessed in each study. The critical analysis revealed some contradictory reports in this field of research in the literature. Challenges in recovering bacteria from oral mucosa models were further discussed, suggesting possible future directions in microbiomics, including the use of oral mucosa-on-a-chip. The potential use of these 3D tissue models for the evaluation of the effects of antiseptic agents on bacteria and oral mucosa was also addressed. This review concluded that there were many aspects that would require optimization and standardization with regard to using oral mucosal models for infection by microorganisms. Using new technologies-such as microfluidics and bioreactors-could help to reproduce some of the physiologically relevant conditions and further simulate the clinical situation. Impact statement Tissue-engineered or commercial models of the oral mucosa are very useful for the study of diseases that involve the interaction of microorganisms and oral epithelium. In this review, challenges in recovering bacteria from oral mucosa models, the potential use of these three-dimensional tissue models for the evaluation of the effects of antiseptic agents, and future directions in microbiomics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Tabatabaei
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Graves DT, Milovanova TN. Mucosal Immunity and the FOXO1 Transcription Factors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2530. [PMID: 31849924 PMCID: PMC6896163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO1 transcription factors affect a number of cell types that are important in the host response. Cell types whose functions are modulated by FOXO1 include keratinocytes in the skin and mucosal dermis, neutrophils and macrophages, dendritic cells, Tregs and B-cells. FOXO1 is activated by bacterial or cytokine stimulation. Its translocation to the nucleus and binding to promoter regions of genes that have FOXO response elements is stimulated by the MAP kinase pathway and inhibited by the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway. Downstream gene targets of FOXO1 include pro-inflammatory signaling molecules (TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, and TNF-α), wound healing factors (TGF-β, VEGF, and CTGF) adhesion molecules (integrins-β1, -β3, -β6, αvβ3, CD11b, CD18, and ICAM-1), chemokine receptors (CCR7 and CXCR2), B cell regulators (APRIL and BLYS), T-regulatory modulators (Foxp3 and CTLA-4), antioxidants (GPX-2 and cytoglobin), and DNA repair enzymes (GADD45α). Each of the above cell types are found in oral mucosa and modulated by bacteria or an inflammatory microenvironment. FOXO1 contributes to the regulation of these cells, which collectively maintain and repair the epithelial barrier, formation and activation of Tregs that are needed to resolve inflammation, mobilization, infiltration, and activation of anti-bacterial defenses in neutrophils, and the homing of dendritic cells to lymph nodes to induce T-cell and B-cell responses. The goal of the manuscript is to review how the transcription factor, FOXO1, contributes to the activation and regulation of key leukocytes needed to maintain homeostasis and respond to bacterial challenge in oral mucosal tissues. Examples are given with an emphasis on lineage specific deletion of Foxo1 to explore the impact of FOXO1 on cell behavior, inflammation and susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tatyana N Milovanova
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Pederzoli F, Joice G, Salonia A, Bivalacqua TJ, Sopko NA. Regenerative and engineered options for urethroplasty. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:453-464. [PMID: 31171866 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surgical correction of urethral strictures by substitution urethroplasty - the use of grafts or flaps to correct the urethral narrowing - remains one of the most challenging procedures in urology and is frequently associated with complications, restenosis and poor quality of life for the affected individual. Tissue engineering using different cell types and tissue scaffolds offers a promising alternative for tissue repair and replacement. The past 30 years of tissue engineering has resulted in the development of several therapies that are now in use in the clinic, especially in treating cutaneous, bone and cartilage defects. Advances in tissue engineering for urethral replacement have resulted in several clinical applications that have shown promise but have not yet become the standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pederzoli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregory Joice
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikolai A Sopko
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Multi-species oral biofilm promotes reconstructed human gingiva epithelial barrier function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16061. [PMID: 30375445 PMCID: PMC6207751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the oral mucosa is continuously exposed to abundant microbes, one of its most important defense features is a highly proliferative, thick, stratified epithelium. The cellular mechanisms responsible for this are still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether multi-species oral biofilm contribute to the extensive stratification and primed antimicrobial defense in epithelium. Two in vitro models were used: 3D reconstructed human gingiva (RHG) and oral bacteria representative of multi-species commensal biofilm. The organotypic RHG consists of a reconstructed stratified gingiva epithelium on a gingiva fibroblast populated hydrogel (lamina propria). Biofilm was cultured from healthy human saliva, and consists of typical commensal genera Granulicatella and major oral microbiota genera Veillonella and Streptococcus. Biofilm was applied topically to RHG and host–microbiome interactions were studied over 7 days. Compared to unexposed RHG, biofilm exposed RHG showed increased epithelial thickness, more organized stratification and increased keratinocyte proliferation. Furthermore biofilm exposure increased production of RHG anti-microbial proteins Elafin, HBD2 and HBD3 but not HBD1, adrenomedullin or cathelicidin LL-37. Inflammatory and antimicrobial cytokine secretion (IL-6, CXCL8, CXCL1, CCL20) showed an immediate and sustained increase. In conclusion, exposure of RHG to commensal oral biofilm actively contributes to RHG epithelial barrier function.
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12
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Determination of geometrical and viscoelastic properties of PLA/PHB samples made by additive manufacturing for urethral substitution. J Biotechnol 2018; 284:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Zanetti F, Titz B, Sewer A, Lo Sasso G, Scotti E, Schlage WK, Mathis C, Leroy P, Majeed S, Torres LO, Keppler BR, Elamin A, Trivedi K, Guedj E, Martin F, Frentzel S, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Comparative systems toxicology analysis of cigarette smoke and aerosol from a candidate modified risk tobacco product in organotypic human gingival epithelial cultures: A 3-day repeated exposure study. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:15-35. [PMID: 28025120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is one of the major lifestyle-related risk factors for periodontal diseases. Modified risk tobacco products (MRTP) offer a promising alternative in the harm reduction strategy for adult smokers unable to quit. Using a systems toxicology approach, we investigated and compared the exposure effects of a reference cigarette (3R4F) and a heat-not-burn technology-based candidate MRTP, the Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2. Human gingival epithelial organotypic cultures were repeatedly exposed (3 days) for 28 min at two matching concentrations of cigarette smoke (CS) or THS2.2 aerosol. Results showed only minor histopathological alterations and minimal cytotoxicity upon THS2.2 aerosol exposure compared to CS (1% for THS2.2 aerosol vs. 30% for CS, at the high concentration). Among the 14 proinflammatory mediators analyzed, only 5 exhibited significant alterations with THS2.2 exposure compared with 11 upon CS exposure. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis indicated a general reduction of the impact in THS2.2 aerosol-exposed samples with respect to CS (∼79% lower biological impact for the high THS2.2 aerosol concentration compared to CS, and 13 metabolites significantly perturbed for THS2.2 vs. 181 for CS). This study indicates that exposure to THS2.2 aerosol had a lower impact on the pathophysiology of human gingival organotypic cultures than CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Scotti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Carole Mathis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ortega Torres
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ashraf Elamin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Jennings LR, Colley HE, Ong J, Panagakos F, Masters JG, Trivedi HM, Murdoch C, Whawell S. Development and Characterization of In Vitro Human Oral Mucosal Equivalents Derived from Immortalized Oral Keratinocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:1108-1117. [PMID: 27846777 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered oral mucosal equivalents (OME) are being increasingly used to measure toxicity, drug delivery, and to model oral diseases. Current OME mainly comprise normal oral keratinocytes (NOK) cultured on top of a normal oral fibroblasts-containing matrix. However, the commercial supply of NOK is limited, restricting widespread use of these mucosal models. In addition, NOK suffer from poor longevity and donor-to-donor variability. Therefore, we constructed, characterized, and tested the functionality of OME based on commercial TERT2-immortalized oral keratinocytes (FNB6) to produce a more readily available alternative to NOK-based OME. FNB6 OME cultured at an air-to-liquid interface for 14 days exhibited expression of differentiation markers cytokeratin 13 in the suprabasal layers and cytokeratin 14 in basal layer of the epithelium. Proliferating cells were restricted to the basal epithelium, and there was immuno-positive expression of E-cadherin confirming the presence of established cell-to-cell contacts. The histology and expression of these structural markers paralleled those observed in the normal oral mucosa and NOK-based models. On stimulation with TNFα and IL-1, FNB6 OME displayed a similar global gene expression profile to NOK-based OME, with increased expression of many common pro-inflammatory molecules such as chemokines (CXCL8), cytokines (IL-6), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) when analyzed by gene array and quantitative PCR. Similarly, pathway analysis showed that both FNB6 and NOK models initiated similar intracellular signaling on stimulation. Gene expression in FNB6 OME was more consistent than NOK-based OME that suffered from donor variation in response to stimuli. Mucosal equivalents based on immortalized FNB6 cells are accessible, reproducible and will provide an alternative animal experimental system for studying mucosal drug delivery systems, host-pathogen interactions, and drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Jennings
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Colley
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Ong
- 2 Colgate-Palmolive Company , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | - Craig Murdoch
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Whawell
- 1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
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15
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Zanetti F, Sewer A, Mathis C, Iskandar AR, Kostadinova R, Schlage WK, Leroy P, Majeed S, Guedj E, Trivedi K, Martin F, Elamin A, Merg C, Ivanov NV, Frentzel S, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems Toxicology Assessment of the Biological Impact of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product on Human Organotypic Oral Epithelial Cultures. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1252-69. [PMID: 27404394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) has been reported to increase predisposition to oral cancer and is also recognized as a risk factor for many conditions including periodontal diseases, gingivitis, and other benign mucosal disorders. Smoking cessation remains the most effective approach for minimizing the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco, without modifying the amount of nicotine, is a promising new paradigm in harm reduction. In this study, we compared effects of exposure to aerosol derived from a candidate modified risk tobacco product, the tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2, with those of CS generated from the 3R4F reference cigarette. Human organotypic oral epithelial tissue cultures (EpiOral, MatTek Corporation) were exposed for 28 min to 3R4F CS or THS2.2 aerosol, both diluted with air to comparable nicotine concentrations (0.32 or 0.51 mg nicotine/L aerosol/CS for 3R4F and 0.31 or 0.46 mg/L for THS2.2). We also tested one higher concentration (1.09 mg/L) of THS2.2. A systems toxicology approach was employed combining cellular assays (i.e., cytotoxicity and cytochrome P450 activity assays), comprehensive molecular investigations of the buccal epithelial transcriptome (mRNA and miRNA) by means of computational network biology, measurements of secreted proinflammatory markers, and histopathological analysis. We observed that the impact of 3R4F CS was greater than THS2.2 aerosol in terms of cytotoxicity, morphological tissue alterations, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Analysis of the transcriptomic changes in the exposed oral cultures revealed significant perturbations in various network models such as apoptosis, necroptosis, senescence, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) signaling. The stress responses following THS2.2 aerosol exposure were markedly decreased, and the exposed cultures recovered more completely compared with those exposed to 3R4F CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anita R Iskandar
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Radina Kostadinova
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant , Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Merg
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development , Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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FAD-I, a Fusobacterium nucleatum Cell Wall-Associated Diacylated Lipoprotein That Mediates Human Beta Defensin 2 Induction through Toll-Like Receptor-1/2 (TLR-1/2) and TLR-2/6. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1446-1456. [PMID: 26930710 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01311-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a cell wall-associated protein from Fusobacterium nucleatum, a Gram-negative bacterium of the oral cavity, that induces human beta defensin 2 (hBD-2) in primary human oral epithelial cells (HOECs) and designated it FAD-I (Fusobacterium-associated defensin inducer). Here, we report differential induction of hBD-2 by different strains of F. nucleatum; ATCC 25586 and ATCC 23726 induce significantly more hBD-2 mRNA than ATCC 10953. Heterologous expression of plasmid-borne fadI from the highly hBD-2-inducing strains in a ΔfadI mutant of ATCC 10953 resulted in hBD-2 induction to levels comparable to those of the highly inducing strains, indicating that FAD-I is the principal F. nucleatum agent for hBD-2 induction in HOECs. Moreover, anti-FAD-I antibodies blocked F. nucleatum induction of hBD-2 by more than 80%. Recombinant FAD-I (rFAD-I) expressed in Escherichia coli triggered levels of hBD-2 transcription and peptide release in HOECs similar to those of native FAD-I (nFAD-I) isolated from F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed a diacylglycerol modification at the cysteine residue in position 16 for both nFAD-I and rFAD-I. Cysteine-to-alanine substitution abrogated FAD-I's ability to induce hBD-2. Finally, FAD-I activation of hBD-2 expression was mediated via both Toll-like receptor-1/2 (TLR-1/2) and TLR-2/6 heterodimerization. Microbial molecules like FAD-I may be utilized in novel therapeutic ways to bolster the host innate immune response at mucosal surfaces.
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Guo H, Sa Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Wang L, Xie M, Lv X. Urethral Reconstruction with Small Intestinal Submucosa Seeded with Oral Keratinocytes and TIMP-1 siRNA Transfected Fibroblasts in a Rabbit Model. Urol Int 2015; 96:223-30. [PMID: 26474072 DOI: 10.1159/000440667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 small interfering RNA (TIMP-1 siRNA) transfected fibroblasts (FB) for urethral reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A ventral urethral mucosal defect was created. Substitution urethroplasty was performed with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) alone (8 rabbits, group 1), autogenic oral keratinocytes (OK)-seeded SIS (8 rabbits, group 2) or autogenic OK and TIMP-1 siRNA transfected FB-seeded SIS (8 rabbits, group 3). At 1 and 6 months after surgery (4 rabbits at each time point), retrograde urethrogram and histologic analysis were performed to evaluate the outcomes of urethroplasty. RESULTS TIMP-1 siRNA transfected FB decreased the secretion of type I collagen. Under retrograde urethrography, 5 rabbits in group 1, 6 in group 2 and 7 in group 3 maintained a wide urethral caliber. Histologically, inflammation and fibrosis were observed at 6 months in group 1. The speed of urothelium, smooth muscle and vessel regeneration in group 3 was faster than that in group 2. Comparison of smooth muscle-to-collagen ratio, epithelial layers, smooth muscle content and microvessel density among three groups revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TIMP-1 siRNA transfected FB could be used as a source of seed cell for urethral tissue engineering and could prevent the proliferation of urethral scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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18
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Huang JW, Lv XG, Li Z, Song LJ, Feng C, Xie MK, Li C, Li HB, Wang JH, Zhu WD, Chen SY, Wang HP, Xu YM. Urethral reconstruction with a 3D porous bacterial cellulose scaffold seeded with lingual keratinocytes in a rabbit model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:055005. [PMID: 26358641 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/5/055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of urethral reconstruction with a three-dimensional (3D) porous bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffold seeded with lingual keratinocytes in a rabbit model. A novel 3D porous BC scaffold was prepared by gelatin sponge interfering in the BC fermentation process. Rabbit lingual keratinocytes were isolated, expanded, and seeded onto 3D porous BC. BC alone (group 1, N = 10), 3D porous BC alone (group 2, N = 10), and 3D porous BC seeded with lingual keratinocytes (group 3, N = 10) were used to repair rabbit ventral urethral defects (2.0 × 0.8 cm). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that BC consisted of a compact laminate while 3D porous BC was composed of a porous sheet buttressed by a dense outer layer. The average pore diameter and porosity of the 3D porous BC were 4.23 ± 1.14 μm and 67.00 ± 6.80%, respectively. At 3 months postoperatively, macroscopic examinations and retrograde urethrograms of urethras revealed that all urethras maintained wide calibers in group 3. Strictures were found in all rabbits in groups 1 and 2. Histologically, at 1 month postoperatively, intact epithelium occurred in group 3, and discontinued epithelium was found in groups 1 and 2. However, groups 2 and 3 exhibited similar epithelial regeneration, which was superior to that of group 1 at 3 months (p < 0.05). Comparisons of smooth muscle content and endothelia density among the three groups revealed a significant increase at each time point (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that 3D porous BC seeded with lingual keratinocytes enhanced urethral tissue regeneration. 3D porous BC could potentially be used as an optimized scaffold for urethral reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
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Wang WM, Ye P, Qian YJ, Gao YF, Li JJ, Sun FF, Zhang WY, Wang X. Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human beta defensins expression and secretion by oral mucosal epithelial cells. Tob Induc Dis 2015; 13:3. [PMID: 25635179 PMCID: PMC4310021 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-015-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke a recognized risk factor for many systemic diseases and also oral diseases. Human beta defensins (HBDs), a group of important antimicrobial peptides expressed by the epithelium, are crucial for local defense and tissue homeostasis of oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of whole cigarette smoke (WCS) exposure on the expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells. Methods Immortalized human oral mucosal epithelial (Leuk-1) cells were exposed to WCS for various time periods. HBD-1, -2 and -3 expression and subcellular localization were detected by real time qPCR, immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscopy. According to the relative fluorescent intensity, the expression levels of HBD-1, -2 and -3 were evaluated by digital image analysis system. The alteration of HBD-1, -2 and -3 secretion levels was measured by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Results WCS exposure remarkably attenuated HBD-1 expression and secretion while clearly enhanced HBD-2, -3 expression levels and HBD-2 secretion by Leuk-l cells. It appeared that there was no significant effect of WCS exposure on HBD-3 secretion. Conclusions WCS exposure could modulate expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells, establishing a link between cigarette smoke and abnormal levels of antimicrobial peptides. The present results may give a new perspective to investigate smoking-related local defense suppression and oral disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Mei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Pei Ye
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Ya-Jie Qian
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Ya-Fan Gao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Fang-Fang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 21008 China.,Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wei-Yun Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China.,Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
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Wang X, Qian YJ, Zhou Q, Ye P, Duan N, Huang XF, Zhu YN, Li JJ, Hu LP, Zhang WY, Han XD, Wang WM. Caspase-12 silencing attenuates inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke extract on NOD1 signaling and hBDs expression in human oral mucosal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115053. [PMID: 25503380 PMCID: PMC4263745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with increased risk of various diseases. Epithelial cells-mediated innate immune responses to infectious pathogens are compromised by cigarette smoke. Although many studies have established that cigarette smoke exposure affects the expression of Toll-liked receptor (TLR), it remains unknown whether the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) expression is affected by cigarette smoke exposure. In the study, we investigated effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on NOD1 signaling in an immortalized human oral mucosal epithelial (Leuk-1) cell line. We first found that CSE inhibited NOD1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE modulated the expression of other crucial molecules in NOD1 signaling and human β defensin (hBD) 1, 2 and 3. We found that RNA interference-induced Caspase-12 silencing increased NOD1 and phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB) expression and down-regulated RIP2 expression. The inhibitory effects of CSE on NOD1 signaling can be attenuated partially through Caspase-12 silencing. Intriguingly, Caspase-12 silencing abrogated inhibitory effects of CSE on hBD1, 3 expression and augmented induced effect of CSE on hBD2 expression. Caspase-12 could play a vital role in the inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke on NOD1 signaling and hBDs expression in oral mucosal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-jie Qian
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Ye
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-feng Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-nan Zhu
- Department of Endodontics, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-jing Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-ping Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-dong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XDH)
| | - Wen-mei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (XDH)
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Promsong A, Chung WO, Satthakarn S, Nittayananta W. Ellagic acid modulates the expression of oral innate immune mediators: potential role in mucosal protection. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:214-21. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aornrutai Promsong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Whasun Oh Chung
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Surada Satthakarn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
| | - Wipawee Nittayananta
- Excellent Research Laboratory; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center; Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence; Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai, Songkhla Thailand
- Graduate School; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
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22
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Li C, Xu YM, Liu ZS, Li HB. Urethral reconstruction with tissue engineering and RNA interference techniques in rabbits. Urology 2013; 81:1075-80. [PMID: 23490528 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of replacing urinary epithelial cells with oral keratinocytes and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)1 siRNA transfected fibroblasts seeded on bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) to reconstruct urethra. METHODS Autologous oral keratinocytes and TGF-β1 siRNA transfected fibroblasts were seeded onto BAMGs to obtain a tissue-engineered mucosa. The tissue-engineered mucosa was assessed using morphology and scanning electron microscopy. In 27 male rabbits, a ventral urethral mucosal defect was created. Urethroplasty was performed with autogenic oral keratinocyte and TGF-β1 siRNA transfected fibroblast-seeded BAMGs (9 rabbits, group 1), with autogenic oral keratinocyte-seeded BAMGs (9 rabbits, group 2) or with BAMGs with no cell seeding (9 rabbits, group 3). Retrograde urethrography and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the results of urethroplasty. RESULTS In vitro, oral keratinocytes and TGF-β1 siRNA transfected fibroblasts had good biocompatibility with BAMGs. In vivo, the urethra kept a wide caliber in groups 1 and 2. Strictures were observed in group 3. Histologically, the retrieved urethra in group 3 showed fibrosis and inflammation during 6 months. Stratified epithelial layer regenerated in group 2, whereas there was no evidence of formation of capillary in the epithelial lower layer during the study period. Stratified epithelial layer and formation of capillary in the epithelial lower layer were evident after 6 months in group 1. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that oral keratinocytes and TGF-β1 siRNA transfected fibroblasts could be used as a source of seed cells for urethral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Nittayananta W, Kemapunmanus M, Amornthatree K, Talungchit S, Sriplung H. Oral human β-defensin 2 in HIV-infected subjects with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:53-60. [PMID: 22680235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to determine (i) oral hBD2 expression in HIV-infected subjects compared with non-HIV controls, (ii) the expression of oral hBD2 in HIV-infected subjects with antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with those without ART, and (iii) factors associated with the expression of oral hBD2. METHODS Oral examination and punched biopsy on buccal mucosa were performed in HIV-infected subjects with and without ART, and non-HIV individuals. The expression of hBD2 mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Saliva samples of both un-stimulated and stimulated saliva were collected and analyzed for hBD2 levels using ELISA. Student's t-test and nonparametric multi-way ANOVA test were used for comparison of measurements between or among groups. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-seven HIV-infected subjects were enrolled: 99 on ART (age range, 23-57 years; mean 39 years), 58 not on ART (age range, 20-59 years; mean 34 years), and 50 non-HIV controls (age range, 19-59 years; mean 36 years). The most common ART regimen was two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Salivary levels of hBD2 were significantly increased in HIV infection (P < 0.001). The levels of hBD2 in stimulated saliva were also found to be significantly different between HIV-infected subjects who were and were not on ART (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed with the expression of hBD2 mRNA. CONCLUSION Oral innate immunity is affected by HIV infection and use of ART. Salivary hBD2 levels may be the useful biomarkers to monitor those on long-term ART who are at risk of developing oral infections and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipawee Nittayananta
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Dabija-Wolter G, Sapkota D, Cimpan MR, Neppelberg E, Bakken V, Costea DE. Limited in-depth invasion of Fusobacterium nucleatum into in vitro reconstructed human gingiva. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:344-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Feng C, Xu YM, Fu Q, Zhu WD, Cui L. Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Neourethra Using Lingual Keratinocytes and Corporal Smooth Muscle Cells Seeded Acellular Corporal Spongiosum. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:3011-9. [PMID: 21736450 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-min Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-dong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cui
- Shanghai Tissue Engineering Research and Development Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Phattarataratip E, Olson B, Broffitt B, Qian F, Brogden KA, Drake DR, Levy SM, Banas JA. Streptococcus mutans strains recovered from caries-active or caries-free individuals differ in sensitivity to host antimicrobial peptides. Mol Oral Microbiol 2011; 26:187-99. [PMID: 21545696 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2011.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are among the repertoire of host innate immune defenses. In the oral cavity, several AMPs are present in saliva and have antimicrobial activities against oral bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, a primary etiological agent of dental caries. In this study, we hypothesized that unique S. mutans strains, as determined by DNA fingerprinting from sixty 13-year-old subjects with or without experience of caries, would have different susceptibilities to α-defensins-1-3 (HNP-1-3), β-defensins-2-3 (HBD-2-3) and LL-37. The salivary levels of these peptides in subjects were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We found that S. mutans strains from children with active caries showed greater resistance to salivary HNP-1-2, HBD-2-3 and LL-37 at varying concentrations than those from caries-free subjects. In addition, combinations of these peptides increased their antimicrobial activity against S. mutans either additively or synergistically. The salivary levels of these peptides were highly variable among subjects with no correlation to host caries experience. However, the levels of a number of these peptides in saliva appeared to be positively correlated within an individual. Our findings suggest that the relative ability of S. mutans to resist host salivary AMPs may be considered a potential virulence factor for this species such that S. mutans strains that are more resistant to these peptides may have an ecological advantage to preferentially colonize within dental plaque and increase the risk of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Phattarataratip
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Gursoy UK, Pöllänen M, Könönen E, Uitto VJ. Biofilm formation enhances the oxygen tolerance and invasiveness of Fusobacterium nucleatum in an oral mucosa culture model. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1084-91. [PMID: 20350156 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.090664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluates the survival capability of Fusobacterium nucleatum strains in an aerobic environment and compares the invasive capability of F. nucleatum in biofilm and planktonic forms in an organotypic cell culture (OCC) model. METHODS Biofilms of F. nucleatum American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 25586 or Anaerobe Helsinki Negative (AHN) 9508 were produced by culturing on semipermeable membranes on brucella agar plates. The oxygen tolerance of the F. nucleatum strains was examined by incubating 3-day-old anaerobically grown biofilms in an aerobic environment (CO(2) [5% in air] incubator) for an additional 48 hours. The OCC model was constructed by seeding keratinocytes on a fibroblast-containing collagen gel. In invasion assays, a 3-day-old anaerobically grown biofilm (and planktonic bacteria in solution as the control) was placed upside down on the top of OCC and incubated under 5% CO(2) for 24 hours. Invasion of the bacteria and morphologic changes in OCC were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin, Ki-67, and periodic acid-Schiff stainings. RESULTS In biofilms, both F. nucleatum strains continuously increased their cell numbers in an aerobic environment for 48 hours. After incubating the bacterial biofilm in contact with the OCC model, F. nucleatum AHN 9508 was able to pass through the epithelial/basement membrane barrier and invade the collagen matrix. The invasiveness of biofilm F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 was limited to the epithelium. Cytotoxic effects and invasiveness of F. nucleatum on the OCC were much stronger when the bacteria were in biofilms than in the planktonic form. CONCLUSION Biofilm formation regulates the survival and invasiveness of F. nucleatum in an aerobic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
- Institute of Dentistry and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kohlgraf KG, Pingel LC, Dietrich DE, Brogden KA. Defensins as anti-inflammatory compounds and mucosal adjuvants. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:99-113. [PMID: 20020832 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil peptide alpha-defensins and human beta-defensins are small, well-characterized peptides with broad antimicrobial activities. In mixtures with microbial antigens, defensins attenuate proinflammatory cytokine responses by dendritic cells in culture, attenuate proinflammatory cytokine responses in the nasal fluids of exposed mice and enhance antibody responses in the serum of vaccinated mice. Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, defensins first start by binding to microbial antigens and adhesins, often attenuating toxic or inflammatory-inducing capacities. Binding is not generic; it appears to be both defensin-specific and antigen-specific with high affinities. Binding of defensins to antigens may, in turn, alter the interaction of antigens with epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells attenuating the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The binding of defensins to antigens may also facilitate the delivery of bound antigen to antigen-presenting cells in some cases via specific receptors. These interactions enhance the immunogenicity of the bound antigen in an adjuvant-like fashion. Future research will determine the extent to which defensins can suppress early events in inflammation and enhance systemic antibody responses, a very recent and exciting concept that could be exploited to develop therapeutics to prevent or treat a variety of oral mucosal infections, particularly where inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of disease and its long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl G Kohlgraf
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Nittayananta W, Hladik F, Klausner M, Harb S, Dale BA, Coombs RW. HIV type 1 fails to trigger innate immune factor synthesis in differentiated oral epithelium. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009; 25:1013-21. [PMID: 19842793 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2009.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa is relatively resistant to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. The mechanisms contributing to this resistance remain incompletely understood, but may include HIV-induced synthesis of innate immune factors. We used fully differentiated oral epithelium as a surrogate for the oral mucosa in vivo, exposed it to X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1 in culture, and quantified mRNA expression of six innate immune factors. Neither virus increased expression of human beta defensin 2 (hBD-2) mRNA over supernatants from uninfected lymphoblast controls. HIV-1 also failed to induce mRNA of four additional innate immunity-related genes. Similar results were obtained with oral monolayer epithelial cells. Interestingly, the X4-tropic virus inhibited mRNA expression of hBD-2, and of three of the other factors, at higher dosages in the differentiated oral epithelium but not the monolayers. The failure of HIV-1 to induce innate immune factors in the differentiated epithelium was not due to a lack of tissue penetration, as we detected fluorescence-tagged virions up to 30 mum deep from the apical surface. HIV-1 does not trigger de novo innate immune factor synthesis in oral epithelium, pointing to the role of a constitutive innate immunity for protection against HIV-1 in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipawee Nittayananta
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Florian Hladik
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | | | - Socorro Harb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
| | - Beverly A. Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
| | - Robert W. Coombs
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104
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Frederic MK, Yamaai T, Mizukawa N, Kaneda Y, Katase N, Gunduz M, Nagatsuka H, Sugahara T. Expression of human β-defensin -1, -2, and -3 in non-inflamed pseudocyst, mucoceles. Oral Dis 2008; 14:652-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clinical manifestations associated with high titer of anti-streptolysin O in Behcet's disease. Clin Rheumatol 2008; 27:999-1003. [PMID: 18246379 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-008-0844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the association of chronic infection with clinical features of Behcet's disease (BD), we studied epidemiological and clinical features of 149 patients with only aphthous ulcer and 294 patients with BD. The incidence of chronic infection history was compared between both groups with age- and sex-matching and clinical manifestations of BD associated with high anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer were investigated. BD patients had more common history of tonsillitis and dental caries than aphthous ulcer patients (P = 0.002 and P = 0.043, respectively). BD patients with persistently high anti-streptolysin O titers had more frequent history of tonsillitis (P = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-5.82) and erythema nodosum (EN)-like lesions (P = 0.001, OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.54-5.93) and fewer history of genital ulcer (P = 0.027, OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05-0.84) than BD patients with normal anti-streptolysin O titer. Our results suggest persistently high ASO titers in BD patients could indicate that streptococcal infections such as tonsillitis are related to BD symptoms such as EN-like lesions. In these patients, ASO titer can be used in the evaluation of BD disease activity and antibiotic treatments might be effective to control the symptoms of BD.
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Eberhard J, Menzel N, Dommisch H, Winter J, Jepsen S, Mutters R. The stage of native biofilm formation determines the gene expression of human β-defensin-2, psoriasin, ribonuclease 7 and inflammatory mediators: a novel approach for stimulation of keratinocytes with in situ formed biofilms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 23:21-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dongari-Bagtzoglou A, Kashleva H. Development of a highly reproducible three-dimensional organotypic model of the oral mucosa. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:2012-8. [PMID: 17487190 PMCID: PMC2699620 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this report we describe the development of a standardized three-dimensional (3D) system of the human oral mucosa based on an immortalized human oral keratinocyte cell line (OKF6/TERT-2). The procedure takes approximately 2-3 weeks to complete and includes three main stages: preparation of collagen-embedded fibroblasts, addition of the mucosal component and airlifting of cultures to ensure adequate differentiation/stratification. This procedure results in a multilayer epithelial structure in which layers are organized similarly to the cells in native oral mucosa. Specifically, this model system consists of a stratum basale, having one layer of columnar to round cells, a relatively flattened stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum, and a non-keratinizing stratum corneum. This 3D system resembles the commercially available system based on the cell line TR146 (SkinEthic), with the exception that our model system does not contain dyskeratotic changes and has a submucosal component, and thus better represents the normal human mucosa and submucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1710, USA.
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Bando M, Hiroshima Y, Kataoka M, Shinohara Y, Herzberg MC, Ross KF, Nagata T, Kido JI. Interleukin-1alpha regulates antimicrobial peptide expression in human keratinocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; 85:532-7. [PMID: 17549071 DOI: 10.1038/sj.icb.7100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermis and epithelium serve as physiologic barriers to protect against noxious and infectious agents. Contributing to the defense against infection, epithelial cells express antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The expression of AMPs in keratinocytes is generally regulated directly by bacteria and indirectly by proinflammatory cytokines. Bacteria may also regulate AMP expression by inducing keratinocyte expression of the autonomous proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). To test the hypothesis that AMP expression may be regulated by cell autonomous cytokines, we investigated the effect of IL-1alpha on the expression of AMPs in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) by microarray, northern blot, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and western blot analyses. IL-1alpha increased expression of mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner specific for lipocalin 2, S100A8, S100A9 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) more than twofold relative to nonstimulated cells (control), and slightly upregulated S100A7 and beta-defensin-2. Furthermore, the expression of lipocalin 2, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and SLPI proteins were upregulated by IL-1alpha. On the other hand, HaCaT cells expressed mRNA specific for other AMPs, including cystatin 3, adrenomedullin, RNase-7 and mucin 5, which were unaffected by IL-1alpha treatment. These results suggest that the autonomous keratinocyte cytokine, IL-1alpha, selectively upregulates the expression of AMPs which may modulate innate epithelial cell immunity in skin and mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Oral and Maxillofacial Dentistry, Division of Medico-Dental Dynamics and Reconstruction, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Klausner M, Ayehunie S, Breyfogle BA, Wertz PW, Bacca L, Kubilus J. Organotypic human oral tissue models for toxicological studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:938-49. [PMID: 17383851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional models of the human oral epithelia have been developed to test the irritation of oral-care products and to provide systems to study the pathology of the oral cavity. The in vitro tissue models, cultured using normal oral epithelial cells and serum free medium, adopt a buccal or gingival phenotype. The buccal tissue (designated ORL-200) is 8-12 cell layers thick and non-cornified; the gingival tissue (designated GIN-100) is 9-13 layers thick and cornified at the apical surface. The tissues express cytokeratins 13 and 14 similar to their corresponding native oral tissues. The MTT viability assay was used to assess inter-lot and intra-lot reproducibility. The MTT average intra-lot coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 10% for both tissues and the time required to reduce tissue viability by 50% (ET-50) following application of 1% Triton-X 100 averaged 1.02+/-0.33 h (n=26) and 7.97+/-0.80 h (n=14) for the buccal and gingival tissues, respectively. The utility of the buccal tissue for irritation studies was examined by testing prototype dentifrice formulations and commercially available products including mouthwashes, toothpastes, and oral cleansers. Use of the MTT ET-50 assay and cytokine release clearly differentiated between the formulations and the oral care products. In conclusion, the oral tissue models represent highly reproducible, non-animal means to screen the irritation potential of newly developed oral care products and should be useful to study the innate immunity, biology, and pathology of the oral mucosa.
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