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Al Turkestani N, Zhang Z, Nör JE. Semaphorin 4D Induces Vasculogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:160. [PMID: 37504226 PMCID: PMC10378119 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) signaling through Plexin B1 on the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. We assessed the protein expression of SEMA4D and Plexin B1 in dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) from permanent human teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous (SHED) teeth using Western blots. Their expression in human dental pulp tissues and DPSC-engineered dental pulps was determined using immunofluorescence. We then exposed dental pulp stem cells to recombinant human SEMA4D (rhSEMA4D), evaluated the expression of endothelial cell differentiation markers, and assessed the vasculogenic potential of rhSEMA4D using an in vitro sprouting assay. Lastly, Plexin B1 was silenced to ascertain its role in SEMA4D-mediated vasculogenic differentiation. We found that SEMA4D and Plexin B1 are expressed in DPSC, SHED, and human dental pulp tissues. rhSEMA4D (25-100 ng/mL) induced the expression of endothelial markers, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, cluster of differentiation (CD)-31, and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains (Tie)-2, in dental pulp stem cells and promoted capillary-like sprouting in vitro (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Plexin B1 silencing abrogated the vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and significantly inhibited capillary sprouting upon exposure to rhSEMA4D. Collectively, these data provide evidence that SEMA4D induces vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through Plexin B1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Al Turkestani
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.A.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhaocheng Zhang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.A.T.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jacques Eduardo Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.A.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Zou T, Jiang S, Dissanayaka WL, Heng BC, Xu J, Gong T, Huang X, Zhang C. Sema4D/PlexinB1 promotes endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via activation of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13614-13624. [PMID: 30937968 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inducing of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into endothelial cells (ECs) to prevascularize pulp tissue constructs may offer a novel and viable approach for enhancing pulp regeneration. However, there are numerous challenges in current methods for the acquisition of sufficient translational ECs. It was known that Sema4D/PlexinB1 signaling exerts profound effects on enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and angiogenesis. Whether Sema4D/PlexinB1 could regulate endothelial differentiation of DPSCs is not yet investigated. In this study, when DPSCs were treated with Sema4D (2 μg/mL), ECs-specific (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, CD31, and vWF), and angiogenic genes and proteins were significantly upregulated. The induced ECs exhibited similar endothelial vessel formation ability to that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, phosphorylation of AKT increased dramatically within 5 minutes (from 0.93 to 21.8), while p-ERK1/2 was moderately elevated (from 0.94 to 2.65). In summary, our results demonstrated that Sema4D/PlexinB1 signaling induces endothelial differentiation of DPSCs. The interactions of Sema4D, VEGF, ANGPTL4, ANG1, and HIF-1α may play a crucial role in mediating the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Boon Chin Heng
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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Semaphorin 4D Enhances Angiogenic Potential and Suppresses Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2017; 43:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gurrapu S, Tamagnone L. Transmembrane semaphorins: Multimodal signaling cues in development and cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:675-691. [PMID: 27295627 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins constitute a large family of membrane-bound and secreted proteins that provide guidance cues for axon pathfinding and cell migration. Although initially discovered as repelling cues for axons in nervous system, they have been found to regulate cell adhesion and motility, angiogenesis, immune function and tumor progression. Notably, semaphorins are bifunctional cues and for instance can mediate both repulsive and attractive functions in different contexts. While many studies focused so far on the function of secreted family members, class 1 semaphorins in invertebrates and class 4, 5 and 6 in vertebrate species comprise around 14 transmembrane semaphorin molecules with emerging functional relevance. These can signal in juxtacrine, paracrine and autocrine fashion, hence mediating long and short range repulsive and attractive guidance cues which have a profound impact on cellular morphology and functions. Importantly, transmembrane semaphorins are capable of bidirectional signaling, acting both in "forward" mode via plexins (sometimes in association with receptor tyrosine kinases), and in "reverse" manner through their cytoplasmic domains. In this review, we will survey known molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of transmembrane semaphorins in development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeharsha Gurrapu
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino c/o IRCCS , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy.,b Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino c/o IRCCS , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy.,b Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy
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Lézot F, Chesneau J, Battaglia S, Brion R, Castaneda B, Farges JC, Heymann D, Rédini F. Preclinical evidence of potential craniofacial adverse effect of zoledronic acid in pediatric patients with bone malignancies. Bone 2014; 68:146-52. [PMID: 25193159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High doses of zoledronic acid (ZOL), one of the most potent inhibitors of bone resorption, are currently evaluated in phase III clinical trials in Europe for the treatment of malignant pediatric primary bone tumors. The impact of such an intensive treatment on the craniofacial skeleton growth is a critical question in the context of patients with actively growing skeleton; in particular, in light of our previous studies evidencing that endochondral bone formation was transiently disturbed by high doses of ZOL. Two protocols adapted from pediatric treatments were developed for newborn mice (a total of 5 or 10 injections of ZOL 50μg/kg every two days). Their impact on skull bones and teeth growth was analyzed by X-rays, microCT and histology up to 3months after the last injection. ZOL administrations induced a transient delay of skull bone growth and an irreversible delay in incisor, first molar eruption and root elongation. Other teeth were affected, but most were erupted by 3months. Root histogenesis was severely impacted for all molars and massive odontogenic tumor-like structures were observed in all mandibular incisors. High doses of ZOL irreversibly disturbed teeth eruption and elongation, and delayed skull bone formation. These preclinical observations are essential for the follow-up of onco-pediatric patients treated with ZOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lézot
- INSERM, UMR-957, Nantes, F-44035, France; Université de Nantes Nantes Atlantique Université, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Julie Chesneau
- INSERM, UMR-957, Nantes, F-44035, France; Université de Nantes Nantes Atlantique Université, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Séverine Battaglia
- INSERM, UMR-957, Nantes, F-44035, France; Université de Nantes Nantes Atlantique Université, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Régis Brion
- INSERM, UMR-957, Nantes, F-44035, France; Université de Nantes Nantes Atlantique Université, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- IGFL, CNRS UMR-5242, ENS de Lyon, Lyon F-69364, France; Université de Lyon 1, Faculté d'odontologie, Equipe odontoblastes et régénération du tissu dentaire, Lyon F-69372, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR-957, Nantes, F-44035, France; Université de Nantes Nantes Atlantique Université, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - Françoise Rédini
- INSERM, UMR-957, Nantes, F-44035, France; Université de Nantes Nantes Atlantique Université, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de physiopathologie de la résorption osseuse et thérapie des tumeurs osseuses primitives, Nantes F-44035, France.
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Ferreira MRW, Dernowsek J, Passos GA, Bombonato-Prado KF. Undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells share genes involved in the process of odontogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:593-9. [PMID: 25621937 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of a large number of genes during differentiation of undifferentiated pulp cells into odontoblastic cells is still unknown, hence the aim of this investigation was to compare undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21) and odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) through the assessment of cell stimulation and gene expression profiling. DESIGN The cells were cultured and after the experimental periods, there were evaluated cell proliferation and viability as well as alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and mineralization nodules. To evaluate gene expression it was used fluorescence cDNA microarray technology in addition to bioinformatics programmes such as SAM (significance analysis of microarrays). Gene expression was validated by Real Time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS The results showed that viability was above 80% in both cells, cell proliferation and ALP activity was higher in MDPC-23 cells and mineralization nodules were present only in the cultures of odontoblast-like cells. There were observed genes associated to odontogenesis with similar behaviour in both cell types, such as Il10, Traf6, Lef1 and Hspa8. Regions of the heatmap showed differences in induction and repression of genes such as Jak2 and Fas. CONCLUSION OD-21 cells share many genes with similar behaviour to MDPC-23 cells, suggesting their potential to differentiate into odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidy Rehder Wimmers Ferreira
- Cell Culture Laboratory - Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína Dernowsek
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato-Prado
- Cell Culture Laboratory - Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Perälä N, Sariola H, Immonen T. More than nervous: the emerging roles of plexins. Differentiation 2011; 83:77-91. [PMID: 22099179 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plexins are the receptors for semaphorins, a large family of axon guidance cues. Accordingly, the role of plexins in the development of the nervous system was the first to be acknowledged. However, the expression of plexins is not restricted to neuronal cells, and recent research has been increasingly focused on the roles of plexin-semaphorin signalling outside of the nervous system. During embryogenesis, plexins regulate the development of many organs, including the cardiovascular system, skeleton and kidney. They have also been shown to be involved in immune system functions and tumour progression. Analyses of the plexin signalling in different tissues and cell types have provided new insight to the versatility of plexin interactions with semaphorins and other cell-surface receptors. In this review we try to summarise the current understanding of the roles of plexins in non-neural development and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Perälä
- Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abe M, Michikami I, Fukushi T, Abe A, Maeda Y, Ooshima T, Wakisaka S. Hand2 regulates chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Bone 2010; 46:1359-68. [PMID: 19932774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hand2 is a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix family that plays essential roles during development. Hand2 determines the anterior-posterior axis during limb development and there is also substantial evidence that Hand2 regulates limb skeletogenesis. However, little is known about how Hand2 might regulate skeletogenesis. Here we show that, in a limb bud micromass culture system, over-expression of Hand2 represses chondrogenesis and the expression of chondrocytic genes, Sox9, type II collagen and aggrecan. Furthermore, we show that Hand2 is induced by the activation of canonical Wnt signaling, which strongly represses chondrogenesis. Surprisingly, Hand2 repressed chondrogenesis in a DNA binding- and dimer formation-independent manner. To examine the in vivo role of Hand2 in mice, we targeted the expression of Hand2 to the cartilage using regulatory elements from the collagen II gene. The resulting transgenic mice displayed a dwarf phenotype, with axial, appendicular and craniofacial skeletal deformities. Hand2 strongly inhibited chondrogenesis in the axial and cranial base skeleton. In the sternum, Hand2 inhibited endochondral ossification by slowing chondrocyte maturation. These data support a model of Hand2 regulating endochondral ossification via at least two steps: (1) determination of the site of chondrogenesis by outlining the region of the future cartilage template and (2) regulation of the rate of chondrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Abe
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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