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Masutani T, Yamada S, Hara A, Takahashi T, Green PG, Niwa M. Exogenous Application of Proteoglycan to the Cell Surface Microenvironment Facilitates to Chondrogenic Differentiation and Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207744. [PMID: 33086766 PMCID: PMC7589071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a disease that greatly impacts quality of life, has increasing worldwide prevalence as the population ages. However, its pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated and current therapeutic treatment strategies are inadequate. In recent years, abnormal endochondral ossification in articular cartilage has received attention as a pathophysiological mechanism in OA. Cartilage is composed of abundant extracellular matrix components, which are involved in tissue maintenance and regeneration, but how these factors affect endochondral ossification is not clear. Here, we show that the application of aggrecan-type proteoglycan from salmon nasal cartilage (sPG) exhibited marked proliferative capacity through receptor tyrosine kinases in chondroprogenitor cells, and also exhibited differentiation and three-dimensional structure formation via phosphorylation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor and Growth Differentiation Factor 5 expression. Furthermore, sPG inhibited calcification via expression of Runx2 and Col10 (factors related to induction of calcification), while increasing Mgp, a mineralization inhibitory factor. As a result of analyzing the localization of sPG applied to the cells, it was localized on the surface of the cell membrane. In this study, we found that sPG, as a biomaterial, could regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and calcification inhibition by acting on the cell surface microenvironment. Therefore, sPG may be the foundation for a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage maintenance and for improved symptoms in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Masutani
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan;
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu City 501-0475, Japan;
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan;
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Tatsuji Takahashi
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu City 501-0475, Japan;
| | - Paul G Green
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-6470
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Shinohara T, Izawa T, Mino-Oka A, Mori H, Iwasa A, Inubushi T, Yamaguchi Y, Tanaka E. Hyaluronan metabolism in overloaded temporomandibular joint. J Oral Rehabil 2016; 43:921-928. [PMID: 27627706 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine hyaluronan (HA) metabolism in relation to the onset and progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) induced by mechanical overloading. Two-month-old and 6-month-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into experimental and untreated control groups (n = 5/group). A sliding plate was attached to the maxillary incisors of the experimental mice for 10 days to overload the condylar cartilage in TMJ. In experimental group, profound cartilage degradation was detected in haematoxylin-eosin, Safranin-O-Fast Green-stained sections. It was also shown that the cartilage degradation was greater in older mice in both the control and the experimental groups. The number of HABP-positive cells was decreased by mechanical overloading and with age. The reduction of HA expression was correlated with the progression of cartilage degradation induced by mechanical overloading. The absolute quantification of the mRNA expression related to HA synthesis and HA degradation was also performed in each group. The mRNA expression levels of HA synthase (HAS) 2 and 3 were lower in the experimental group compared with the control group in the younger mice. In contrast, the mRNA expression levels of the HA degradation gene, HYAL2 and KIAA1199, were higher in the experimental group compared with the control group in the older mice. Thus, mechanical overload differently affected the balance of HA degradation and HA synthesis in the older and younger mice, respectively. In conclusion, mechanical overloading affects HA metabolism and it might initiate or amplify the condylar cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shinohara
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - A Mino-Oka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - H Mori
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - A Iwasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Inubushi
- Genetic Disease Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Genetic Disease Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Babo PS, Santo VE, Gomes ME, Reis RL. Development of an Injectable Calcium Phosphate/Hyaluronic Acid Microparticles System for Platelet Lysate Sustained Delivery Aiming Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1662-1677. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Babo
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
| | - Vítor E. Santo
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805-017 Barco GMR Portugal
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Sato E, Ando T, Ichikawa J, Okita G, Sato N, Wako M, Ohba T, Ochiai S, Hagino T, Jacobson R, Haro H. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid increases the differentiation potential of the murine chondrocytic ATDC5 cell line. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1619-27. [PMID: 25196420 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a group of common, chronic, and painful inflammatory joint diseases. One important finding in OA patients is a remarkable decrease in the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the synovial fluid of affected joints. Therapeutic HA is available to patients in most parts of the world as a viscosupplementation product for the treatment of OA. Previous clinical reports show that high molecular weight HA (HMWHA) more effectively relieves pain than low molecular weight HA (LMWHA). However, the mechanism behind this finding remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether a LMWHA (Low-0.9 MDa) and two types of HMWHA (High-1.9 MDa and 6 MDa) differentially affected chondroregulatory action. We tested this using ATDC5 cell, a murine chondrocytic cell line widely used in culture systems to study chondrogenic differentiation. We found that HMWHA, especially hylan G-F 20 (High-6 MDa), significantly induced aggrecan and proteoglycan accumulation, nodule formation, and mRNA expression of chondrogenic differentiation markers in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, we showed that HMWHA prevented TNF-α induced inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation, with no effect on cell proliferation or viability. These results reveal that HMWHA significantly promotes chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in vitro, and suggest that HMWHA plays a significant chondroregulatory role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kikyougahara Hospital, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
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The Role of HA and Has2 in the Development and Function of the Skeleton. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35935-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gupta A, Cao W, Chellaiah MA. Integrin αvβ3 and CD44 pathways in metastatic prostate cancer cells support osteoclastogenesis via a Runx2/Smad 5/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand signaling axis. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:66. [PMID: 22966907 PMCID: PMC3499378 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone loss and pathological fractures are common skeletal complications associated with androgen deprivation therapy and bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. We have previously demonstrated that prostate cancer cells secrete receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), a protein essential for osteoclast differentiation and activation. However, the mechanism(s) by which RANKL is produced remains to be determined. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling RANKL expression in metastatic prostate cancer cells. RESULTS We show here that phosphorylation of Smad 5 by integrin αvβ3 and RUNX2 by CD44 signaling, respectively, regulates RANKL expression in human-derived PC3 prostate cancer cells isolated from bone metastasis. We found that RUNX2 intranuclear targeting is mediated by phosphorylation of Smad 5. Indeed, Smad5 knock-down via RNA interference and inhibition of Smad 5 phosphorylation by an αv inhibitor reduced RUNX2 nuclear localization and RANKL expression. Similarly, knockdown of CD44 or RUNX2 attenuated the expression of RANKL. As a result, conditioned media from these cells failed to support osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue microarray sections containing primary prostatic tumor (grade2-4) detected predominant localization of RUNX2 and phosphorylated Smad 5 in the nuclei. Immunoblotting analyses of nuclear lysates from prostate tumor tissue corroborate these observations. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we show that CD44 signaling regulates phosphorylation of RUNX2. Localization of RUNX2 in the nucleus requires phosphorylation of Smad-5 by integrin αvβ3 signaling. Our results suggest possible integration of two different pathways in the expression of RANKL. These observations imply a novel mechanistic insight into the role of these proteins in bone loss associated with bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Ann EJ, Kim HY, Choi YH, Kim MY, Mo JS, Jung J, Yoon JH, Kim SM, Moon JS, Seo MS, Hong JA, Jang WG, Shore P, Komori T, Koh JT, Park HS. Inhibition of Notch1 signaling by Runx2 during osteoblast differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:317-30. [PMID: 20740684 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch1 genes encode receptors for a signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and differentiation in various contexts, but the role of Notch1 signaling in osteogenesis is not well defined. Notch1 controls osteoblast differentiation by affecting Runx2, but the question arises whether normal osteoblastic differentiation can occur regardless of the presence of Notch1. In this study, we observed the downregulation of Notch1 signaling during osteoblastic differentiation. BMPR-IB/Alk6-induced Runx2 proteins reduced Notch1 activity to a marked degree. Accumulated Runx2 suppressed Notch1 transcriptional activity by dissociating the Notch1-IC-RBP-Jk complex. Using deletion mutants, we also determined that the N-terminal domain of Runx2 was crucial to the binding and inhibition of the N-terminus of the Notch1 intracellular domain. Notably, upregulation of the Runx2 protein level paralleled reduced expression of Hes1, which is a downstream target of Notch1, during osteoblast differentiation. Collectively, our data suggest that Runx2 is an inhibitor of the Notch1 signaling pathway during normal osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Ann
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Regulation of mechanical stress-induced MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 expression by RUNX-2 transcriptional factor in SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:222-32. [PMID: 21094261 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of mechanical stress-induced expression and regulation of aggrecanases and examine the role of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) in chondrocyte-like cells. METHODS SW1353 cells were seeded onto stretch chambers at a concentration of 5×10⁴ cells/chamber, and a uni-axial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) (0.5 Hz, 10% stretch) was applied for 30 min. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. RUNX-2 overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting RUNX-2 were used to investigate the role of RUNX-2 in CTS-induced gene expression. The involvement of diverse mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the activation of RUNX-2, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 during CTS was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS CTS induced expression of RUNX-2, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, -5, and -9. Overexpression of RUNX-2 up-regulated expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, whereas RUNX-2 siRNA resulted in significant down-regulation of mechanically-induced MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 expression. CTS induced activation of p38 MAPK, and CTS induction of RUNX-2, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 mRNA was down-regulated by the selective p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 but not by the p44/42 MAPK inhibitor U0126, or the JNK MAPK inhibitor JNK inhibitor II. CONCLUSIONS RUNX-2 might have a role as a key downstream mediator of p38's ability to regulate mechanical stress-induced MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 expression.
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Rutges JPHJ, Duit RA, Kummer JA, Oner FC, van Rijen MH, Verbout AJ, Castelein RM, Dhert WJA, Creemers LB. Hypertrophic differentiation and calcification during intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1487-95. [PMID: 20723612 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In degenerative intervertebral discs (IVDs) collagen type X expression and calcifications have been demonstrated, resembling advanced osteoarthritis (OA), which is associated with hypertrophic differentiation, characterized by the production of collagen type X, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcifications. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if hypertrophic differentiation occurs during IVD degeneration. METHODS IVDs from all Thompson degeneration grades were prepared for histology, extraction of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosis (AF) tissue (N=50) and micro-CT (N=27). The presence of collagen type X, OPG and Runx2 was determined by immunohistochemistry, with OPG levels also determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The presence of calcification was determined by micro-CT, von Kossa and Alizarin Red staining. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining for collagen type X, OPG, Runx2 appeared more intense in the NP of degenerative compared to healthy IVD samples. OPG levels correlated significantly with degeneration grade (NP: P<0.000; AF: P=0.002) and the number of microscopic calcifications (NP: P=0.002; AF: P=0.008). The extent of calcifications on micro-CT also correlated with degeneration grade (NP: P<0.001, AF: P=0.001) as did von Kossa staining (NP: P=0.015, AF: P=0.016). ALP staining was only incidentally seen in the transition zone of grades IV and V degenerated IVDs. CONCLUSION This study for the first time demonstrates that hypertrophic differentiation occurs during IVD degeneration, as shown by an increase in OPG levels, the presence of ALP activity, increased immunopositivity of Runx2 and collagen type X.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P H J Rutges
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Shirakura M, Tanimoto K, Eguchi H, Miyauchi M, Nakamura H, Hiyama K, Tanimoto K, Tanaka E, Takata T, Tanne K. Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in overloaded temporomandibular joint, and induction of osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:800-5. [PMID: 20171183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) was previously shown to be expressed specifically in the condylar cartilage of temporomandibular joint-osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) model rats. Here we demonstrate for the first time that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (Hif-1alpha) is activated in mature chondrocytes of temporomandibular joint-osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) model rat by mechanical overload, and that activated Hif-1 in chondrocytes can induce osteoclastogenesis via repression of osteoprotegerin (Opg) expression. In rat TMJs, degeneration of the condylar cartilage became prominent in proportion to the duration of overloading. Hif-1alpha expression was observed specifically in mature and hypertrophic chondrocytes, and Hif-1alpha-positivity, level of Vegf expression, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell numbers all increased in the same manner. When ATDC5 cells induced differentiation by insulin were cultured under hypoxia, Hif-1alpha induction was observed in mature stage, but not in immature stage. Inductions of Hif-1-target genes showed a similar expression pattern. In addition, expression of Opg decreased in hypoxia, and Hif-1alpha played a role, in part, in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Shirakura
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Matsumoto K, Li Y, Jakuba C, Sugiyama Y, Sayo T, Okuno M, Dealy CN, Toole BP, Takeda J, Yamaguchi Y, Kosher RA. Conditional inactivation of Has2 reveals a crucial role for hyaluronan in skeletal growth, patterning, chondrocyte maturation and joint formation in the developing limb. Development 2009; 136:2825-35. [PMID: 19633173 DOI: 10.1242/dev.038505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a structural component of extracellular matrices and also interacts with cell surface receptors to directly influence cell behavior. To explore functions of HA in limb skeletal development, we conditionally inactivated the gene for HA synthase 2, Has2, in limb bud mesoderm using mice that harbor a floxed allele of Has2 and mice carrying a limb mesoderm-specific Prx1-Cre transgene. The skeletal elements of Has2-deficient limbs are severely shortened, indicating that HA is essential for normal longitudinal growth of all limb skeletal elements. Proximal phalanges are duplicated in Has2 mutant limbs indicating an involvement of HA in patterning specific portions of the digits. The growth plates of Has2-deficient skeletal elements are severely abnormal and disorganized, with a decrease in the deposition of aggrecan in the matrix and a disruption in normal columnar cellular relationships. Furthermore, there is a striking reduction in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes and in the expression domains of markers of hypertrophic differentiation in the mutant growth plates, indicating that HA is necessary for the normal progression of chondrocyte maturation. In addition, secondary ossification centers do not form in the central regions of Has2 mutant growth plates owing to a failure of hypertrophic differentiation. In addition to skeletal defects, the formation of synovial joint cavities is defective in Has2-deficient limbs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HA has a crucial role in skeletal growth, patterning, chondrocyte maturation and synovial joint formation in the developing limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Matsumoto
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Zhang P, Han D, Tang T, Zhang X, Dai K. The destruction evaluation in different foot joints: new ideas in collagen-induced arthritis rat model. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29:607-13. [PMID: 18982329 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has been widely used as the animal model of rheumatoid arthritis since 1977, while till now, no paper has depicted the destruction characteristics in different foot joints. In this study, we observed the differences among the foot joint destruction process of CIA to elucidate further the pathological process of this model. CIA was induced in male Wistar rat immunized with bovine type II collagen and Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Radiological studies were performed 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 months after the second immunization to follow the development of disease. At last, all the animals were killed and histological research was performed. In the histological observation, three main types of joint destructions such as subchondral side erosion, external joint erosion and the cartilaginous fusion of articular cartilage were identified. All these destruction forms exist in one joint or several different joints. Furthermore, we found that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain-positive cells participated in the destruction of articular cartilage. These new findings showed that in the disease process of the CIA model, different foot joints show different destruction characteristics and cartilaginous fusion of foot joints is another typical pathological characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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