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Costa LCMC, Carvalho MDG, Vale FF, Marques AT, Rasmussen LT, Chen T, Barros-Pinheiro M. Helicobacter pylori in oral cavity: current knowledge. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:209. [PMID: 39230790 PMCID: PMC11374826 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The oral cavity may play a role as a reservoir and in the transmission and colonization of Helicobacter pylori. The route of transmission for H. pylori is not fully understood. The prevalence of this pathogen varies globally, affecting half of the world's population, predominantly in developing countries. Here, we review the prevalence of H. pylori in the oral cavity, the characteristics that facilitate its colonization and dynamics in the oral microbiome, the heterogeneity and diversity of virulence of among strains, and noninvasive techniques for H. pylori detection in oral samples. The prevalence of H. pylori in the oral cavity varies greatly, being influenced by the characteristics of the population, regions where samples are collected in the oral cavity, and variations in detection methods. Although there is no direct association between the presence of H. pylori in oral samples and stomach infection, positive cases for gastric H. pylori frequently exhibit a higher prevalence of the bacterium in the oral cavity, suggesting that the stomach may not be the sole reservoir of H. pylori. In the oral cavity, H. pylori can cause microbiome imbalance and remodeling of the oral ecosystem. Detection of H. pylori in the oral cavity by a noninvasive method may provide a more accessible diagnostic tool as well as help prevent transmission and gastric re-colonization. Further research into this bacterium in the oral cavity will offer insights into the treatment of H. pylori infection, potentially developing new clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Cristina Melo Carneiro Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Brazil.
- BioISI - BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Filipa F Vale
- BioISI - BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia T Marques
- BioISI - BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Institute (Microbiology), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melina Barros-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis, Brazil
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Zhang L, Chen X, Ren B, Zhou X, Cheng L. Helicobacter pylori in the Oral Cavity: Current Evidence and Potential Survival Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113646. [PMID: 36362445 PMCID: PMC9657019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is transmitted primarily through the oral–oral route and fecal–oral route. The oral cavity had therefore been hypothesized as an extragastric reservoir of H. pylori, owing to the presence of H. pylori DNA and particular antigens in distinct niches of the oral cavity. This bacterium in the oral cavity may contribute to the progression of periodontitis and is associated with a variety of oral diseases, gastric eradication failure, and reinfection. However, the conditions in the oral cavity do not appear to be ideal for H. pylori survival, and little is known about its biological function in the oral cavity. It is critical to clarify the survival strategies of H. pylori to better comprehend the role and function of this bacterium in the oral cavity. In this review, we attempt to analyze the evidence indicating the existence of living oral H. pylori, as well as potential survival strategies, including the formation of a favorable microenvironment, the interaction between H. pylori and oral microorganisms, and the transition to a non-growing state. Further research on oral H. pylori is necessary to develop improved therapies for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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王 鑫, 孙 丽, 杨 志, 宋 顺, 李 南, 刘 悦, 田 婉, 赵 云. [Combined detection of Helicobacter pylori 16S rRNA and cagA gene in saliva specimens using multiplex PCR]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1816-1821. [PMID: 35012913 PMCID: PMC8752427 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.12.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a multiplex PCR-based method for detecting Helicobacter pylori (Hp) 16S rRNA gene and cagA gene in saliva samples for investigating the prevalence of Hp in the oral cavity of Hp-infected patients with digestive tract diseases. METHODS Bioinformatics technique was used to design specific primers for Hp 16S rRNA and cagA genes for Hp detection using multiplex PCR, with recombinant cloning plasmids serving as the standard positive control. Oral saliva samples were collected from 156 patients with digestive tract diseases, and Hp 16S rRNA and cagA genes were detected using the established multiplex PCR system. RESULTS The established multiplex PCR system showed a strong specificity and a high sensitivity for detecting Hp 16S rRNA gene and cagA gene, with the lowest detection limit of 103 copies/μL. The recombinant plasmids pGMT-16s and pGMT-cagA could be used as standard positive controls for the identification of Hp. Among the 156 saliva samples, 87.2% were positive for Hp 16S rRNA gene and 23.1% for Hp cagA gene. CONCLUSION Hp is highly prevalent in saliva specimens of Hp-infected patients with digestive tract diseases. The presence of Hp in the oral cavity may importantly contribute to Hp infection in the digestive tract and recurrence after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鑫莹 王
- 北华大学医学技术学院,吉林 吉林 132013College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
- 吉林大学白求恩第一医院生殖中心-产前诊断中心,吉林 长春 130021Reproductive Medicine Prenatal Genetics Center, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - 丽媛 孙
- 北华大学医学技术学院,吉林 吉林 132013College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - 志平 杨
- 北华大学附属医院消化内科,吉林 吉林 132013Department of Gastroenterology of Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - 顺佳 宋
- 北华大学医学技术学院,吉林 吉林 132013College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - 南 李
- 北华大学医学技术学院,吉林 吉林 132013College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - 悦 刘
- 北华大学医学技术学院,吉林 吉林 132013College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - 婉佳 田
- 北华大学附属医院消化内科,吉林 吉林 132013Department of Gastroenterology of Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - 云冬 赵
- 北华大学医学技术学院,吉林 吉林 132013College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
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Karbalaei M, Sahebkar A, Keikha M. Helicobacter pylori infection and susceptibility to cardiac syndrome X: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:208-219. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is characterized by persistent angina with normal coronary arteries. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been introduced, particularly Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
AIM To investigate the association between H. pylori infection and CSX.
METHODS All studies related to H. pylori infection and CSX were evaluated by comprehensive searches of global databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google scholar. Statistical analyses of selected articles were evaluated based on the summary odds ratio (OR). Finally, heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated using the I2 statistic and Cochrane Q-test as well as Begg’s and Egger’s tests.
RESULTS A total of 11 studies met our inclusion criteria and 1435 patients (63% female, and 37% male) were reviewed. A significant association was observed between female patients and this syndrome (P = 0.02). Our results showed a positive association between infection with this pathogen and presence of CSX (OR: 5.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.17-7.64; I2: 82.20). However, no significant association was observed with cagA-positive H. pylori strains and this syndrome (OR: 0.97; 0.56-1.70 with 95%CI). Given the heterogeneity and publication bias, the results need to confirmed by further prospective investigation.
CONCLUSION Based on our results, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of CSX. This bacterium appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of CXS by inducing persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 43317803, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
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Karbalaei M, Sahebkar A, Keikha M. Helicobacter pylori infection and susceptibility to cardiac syndrome X: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:207-218. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Iwai K, Watanabe I, Yamamoto T, Kuriyama N, Matsui D, Nomura R, Ogaya Y, Oseko F, Adachi K, Takizawa S, Ozaki E, Koyama T, Nakano K, Kanamura N, Uehara R, Watanabe Y. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and dental pulp reservoirs in Japanese adults. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:267. [PMID: 31791309 PMCID: PMC6889519 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonize the stomach and are considered an etiological agent of gastric cancer. The oral cavity is a transmission route to the stomach, but the exact site of colonization has not yet been explicated. Our study investigated the association between H. pylori infection and presence in oral samples. Methods Dental pulp, supragingival plaque, and saliva from 192 patients visiting the Dentistry’s outpatient clinic were collected for testing. The H. pylori ureA gene was identified via Nested PCR. Urine anti-H. pylori antibody test was utilized to detect infection. Results Twenty-five subjects were found to be antibody-positive. PCR analysis of dental pulp revealed that 23 subjects possessed the ureA gene. Twenty-one subjects were positive for both antibodies and genes in dental pulp. PCR testing revealed that 2 subjects were positive in dental plaque but negative for saliva. The subjects positive for H. pylori in dental pulp expressed clinical signs of severe dental caries. Conclusions H. pylori infected subjects expressed H. pylori in samples from the oral cavity. The main reservoir for infection within the oral cavity was determined to be dental pulp. Moreover, H. pylori are likely transmitted from dental caries to the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Iwai
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajiimachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, 602-8856, Japan.
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajiimachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, 602-8856, Japan
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ogaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumishige Oseko
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajiimachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, 602-8856, Japan
| | - Keiji Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajiimachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, 602-8856, Japan
| | - Shigeta Takizawa
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajiimachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, 602-8856, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajiimachi, Kamigyoku, Kyoto, 602-8856, Japan
| | - Ritei Uehara
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Chua EG, Chong JY, Lamichhane B, Webberley KM, Marshall BJ, Wise MJ, Tay CY. Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection perturbs human oral microbiota. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6336. [PMID: 30713820 PMCID: PMC6354663 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection on the daytime and overnight human oral microbiota. Methods Twenty four volunteers were recruited. Ten tested positive for H. pylori infection by the Carbon-14 Urea Breath Test, and the rest were negative. Two oral swabs were collected: one immediately after waking up in the morning and before brushing teeth, and another in the evening before teeth-brushing. DNA extract acquired from each swab was subjected to Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The microbial abundance and composition were analysed in relation to H. pylori infection status. Results Helicobacter pylori-positive individuals had significant changes in the alpha and beta diversities in the daytime samples in comparison to those who were H. pylori negative. To identify which taxa could be significantly affected within the cohorts in the daytime, we employed the LEfSe method. When compared against UBT-negative samples, significantly higher abundances were detected in both Pseudomonas and Roseomonas, while Fusobacterium, Solobacterium, Haemophilus and Streptococcus were significantly decreased in the UBT-positive samples. Discussion Our data demonstrated that H. pylori infection affects the human daytime oral microbiota. The hitherto undocumented changes of several bacterial genera due to H. pylori infection require more studies to examine their potential health effects on affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ju-Yee Chong
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Michael J Wise
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chin-Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
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Tongtawee T, Wattanawongdon W, Simawaranon T. Effects of periodontal therapy on eradication and recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection after successful treatment. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:875-883. [PMID: 30616462 PMCID: PMC6381484 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518816158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of periodontal therapy on the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication and on the recurrence of infection after eradication. METHODS We conducted a prospective randomized trial on 698 gastric H. pylori-infected patients, of whom 347 received gastric H. pylori treatment alone and 342 received gastric H. pylori treatment plus periodontal therapy. The presence of H. pylori and associated virulence genes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After eradication of gastric H. pylori infection, the recurrence of gastric H. pylori was significantly lower in the gastric H. pylori treatment plus periodontal therapy group than in the group receiving gastric H. pylori treatment alone (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.99), whereas the eradication rate was not significantly different (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98). There was a close relationship between the presence of H. pylori in saliva and its presence in the stomach. CONCLUSIONS The oral cavity is an important reservoir for gastric H. pylori infection. Adjunctive periodontal therapy could enhance the efficiency of H. pylori treatment and reduce the recurrence of gastric H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweesak Tongtawee
- 1 Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.,2 Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wareeporn Wattanawongdon
- 1 Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Theeraya Simawaranon
- 1 Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Comparison of oral flora before and after triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patient with gastric disease. Odontology 2018; 107:261-267. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Abu-Lubad M, Alzoubi H, Jarajreh D, Sawalqa AA, Bruggemann H, Albataineh E, Aqel A, Al-Zeer M. Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Genotypes Amongst Jordanians' Dental Plaque Samples. Gastroenterology Res 2018; 11:46-51. [PMID: 29511406 PMCID: PMC5827902 DOI: 10.14740/gr947w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been associated with gastritis, gastric ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. The prevalence of H. pylori virulence genes have been studied in different populations and from different sources of samples but their prevalence has not been studied in dental plaque in Jordanian people; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of H. pylori isolated from dental plaque samples. Methods Dental plaque samples were collected from 60 Jordanian volunteers. The genotypes of H. pylori virulence genes including the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and the vacuolating toxin (vacA) were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The cagA gene was detected in 14 (23.3%) samples, while vacA was detected in all volunteers enrolled in this study (100%). The most prevalent vacA alleles were m2 and s1 in 54 (90%) and 55 (91.7%) of volunteers, respectively. Compared to the other combinations including the most virulent vacA genotype s1/m1 which was detected in 11 (18.2%) of volunteers, the most prevalent vacA allelic combinations were s1/m2 and s2/m2 in 56 (93.3%) and 27 (45%) of volunteers, respectively. Conclusions These results indicate a significant carriage of virulent H. pylori strains among Jordanian people in their dental plaques, which increases the possible transmission of these strains among them. In addition, the studying of the genotypic pattern of H. pylori virulence genes in the dental plaque could represent an essential tool for infection prevention and predicting the severity and prognosis of H. pylori gastric infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu-Lubad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mutah University Faculty of Medicine, Karak, Jordan
| | - Hamed Alzoubi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mutah University Faculty of Medicine, Karak, Jordan
| | - Dua'a Jarajreh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mutah University Faculty of Medicine, Karak, Jordan
| | - Alaa Al Sawalqa
- Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Dentistry, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Eman Albataineh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mutah University Faculty of Medicine, Karak, Jordan
| | - Amin Aqel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mutah University Faculty of Medicine, Karak, Jordan
| | - Munir Al-Zeer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Zhang W, Deng X, Zhou X, Hao Y, Li Y. Influence of Helicobacter pylori culture supernatant on the ecological balance of a dual-species oral biofilm. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170113. [PMID: 29489935 PMCID: PMC5832010 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic progressive disease occurring in the tooth hard tissue due to multiple factors, in which bacteria are the initial cause. Both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis are main members of oral biofilm. Helicobacter pylori may also be detected in dental plaque, playing an important role in the development of dental caries. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of H. pylori culture supernatant on S. mutans and S. sanguinis dual-species biofilm and to evaluate its potential ability on affecting dental health. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of H. pylori supernatant on single-species and dual-species biofilm was measured by colony forming units counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, respectively. The effect of H. pylori supernatant on S. mutans and S. sanguinis extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production was measured by both confocal laser scanning microscopy observation and anthrone-sulfuric acid method. The effect of H. pylori supernatant on S. mutans gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. RESULTS H. pylori supernatant could inhibit both S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilm formation and EPS production. S. sanguinis inhibition rate was significantly higher than that of S. mutans. Finally, S. mutans bacteriocin and acidogenicity related genes expression were affected by H. pylori culture supernatant. CONCLUSION Our results showed that H. pylori could destroy the balance between S. mutans and S. sanguinis in oral biofilm, creating an advantageous environment for S. mutans, which became the dominant bacteria, promoting the formation and development of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Doulberis M, Kotronis G, Thomann R, Polyzos SA, Boziki M, Gialamprinou D, Deretzi G, Katsinelos P, Kountouras J. Review: Impact of Helicobacter pylori on Alzheimer's disease: What do we know so far? Helicobacter 2018; 23. [PMID: 29181894 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori has changed radically gastroenterologic world, offering a new concept in patients' management. Over time, more medical data gave rise to diverse distant, extragastric manifestations and interactions of the "new" discovered bacterium. Special interest appeared within the field of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease, as the latter and Helicobacter pylori infection are associated with a large public health burden and Alzheimer's disease ranks as the leading cause of disability. However, the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain. METHODS We performed a narrative review regarding a possible connection between Helicobacter pylori and Alzheimer's disease. All accessible relevant (pre)clinical studies written in English were included. Both affected pathologies were briefly analyzed, and relevant studies are discussed, trying to focus on the possible pathogenetic role of this bacterium in Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Data stemming from both epidemiologic studies and animal experiments seem to be rather encouraging, tending to confirm the hypothesis that Helicobacter pylori infection might influence the course of Alzheimer's disease pleiotropically. Possible main mechanisms may include the bacterium's access to the brain via the oral-nasal-olfactory pathway or by circulating monocytes (infected with Helicobacter pylori due to defective autophagy) through disrupted blood-brain barrier, thereby possibly triggering neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Current data suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection might influence the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are mandatory to clarify a possible favorable effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, before the recommendation of short-term and cost-effective therapeutic regimens against Helicobacter pylori-related Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Hospital, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Pavlos General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Robert Thomann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Hospital, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Department of Pediatrics, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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Wongphutorn P, Chomvarin C, Sripa B, Namwat W, Faksri K. Detection and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori in saliva versus stool samples from asymptomatic individuals in Northeastern Thailand reveals intra-host tissue-specific H. pylori subtypes. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 29378521 PMCID: PMC5789744 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-thirds of the world's population is thought to be infected by Helicobacter pylori. Although most people infected with H. pylori are asymptomatic, this pathogen is associated with several gastric pathologies including cancer. The risk factors for colonization are still unclear and the genetic diversity within individual hosts has never been clearly investigated. RESULT This study determined the prevalence of, and explored risk factors for, H. pylori infection directly from paired saliva (n = 110) and stool (n = 110) samples from asymptomatic persons in Northeast Thailand. Samples were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), 16S rRNA-based real-time PCR and vacA-based semi-nested PCR. Partial vacA gene sequences of H. pylori were compared between saliva and stool samples. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection in our asymptomatic study population was 64%. Age, gender, occupation and frequency of brushing teeth were not found to be associated with H. pylori colonization. The vacA gene was successfully sequenced from both saliva and stool samples of 12 individuals. For seven of these individuals, saliva and stool sequences fell into different clusters on a phylogenetic tree, indicating intra-host genetic variation of H. pylori. CONCLUSION This study reports a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in asymptomatic persons in this region of Thailand and demonstrates that genotypes (vacA gene sequences) of H. pylori may differ between the oral cavity and intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattharaphon Wongphutorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chariya Chomvarin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wises Namwat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Yee JKC. Are the view of Helicobacter pylori colonized in the oral cavity an illusion? Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e397. [PMID: 29170474 PMCID: PMC5704198 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea breath test (UBT), as a leading preferred non-invasive diagnostic technology, but may not be able to detect oral H. pylori. With negative results of UBT, the patient may have an oral infection. On the basis of the fact of success, eradication rate may increase by 21% in the 95% Cl range after the elimination of oral H. pylori, the author believes oral H. pylori does exist and the oral cavity is the second colonized site aside its primary site of the stomach. H. pylori migrated out of Africa along with its human host circa 60 000 years ago; they are not lives in stomach only. In this review article, evidence established in recent years studies with use more appropriate technology had been listed and discussed. The author considers the oral cavity is a black hole for H. pylori infection that significant effective on gastroenterology and another medical field. The role of the oral cavity as the source of H. pylori infection is so controvert in past years. It seems like a human being having a second-time face to discover H. pylori in the history.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K C Yee
- Research Lab of Oral H pylori, Everett, WA, USA
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15
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Medina ML, Medina MG, Merino LA. Correlation between virulence markers of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity and gastric biopsies. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2017; 54:217-221. [PMID: 28724047 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201700000-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with virulence factors. The presence of these factors is useful as molecular markers in the identification of the high risk for developing severe gastric pathologies. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the presence of virulence markers cagA and bab2A of H. pylori in oral and gastric biopsy samples. METHODS: An observational, prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2011 and September 2012. Patients suffering dyspepsia with indication for upper gastrointestinal video endoscopy who attended the Gastroenterology Service of the Hospital Dr. Julio C. Perrando were included. Epidemiological investigation was completed. To detect the bacteria and their virulence genes, samples of saliva, dental plaque and gastric biopsy were taken and processed by PCR. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were selected for this study (30 women and 31 men). H. pylori was detected in 31 gastric biopsies and 31 oral samples. Significant difference between oral and gastric samples was found in cagA genotype. Agreement between oral and gastric genotypes was found in 38.7% of samples from the same patient. CONCLUSION: This study is the first in provide information about the genotypes of the Argentinean Northeast H. pylori strains. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, the most of patients had less virulent genotypes in oral cavity and gastric tissue. The cagA / babA2 combination was not frequent in the samples studied. There was not a statistical correlation between the virulence genes and gastroduodenal or oral diseases. Although in some patients the same genotype was found both in oral and gastric samples, it cannot be ensure that they corresponding to the same strain because a DNA sequencing was not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lucrecia Medina
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Avelino Castelán, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Gabriel Medina
- Area de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Luis Antonio Merino
- Area de Bacteriología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
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Molecular Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Dental Plaque among Jordanians; A Probable Source for Infection and Treatment Failure. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Application of vacA Sequencing in Helicobacter pylori for Classification of Specimens from Healthy Persons, and from Hepatobiliary and Gastroduodenal Patients. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Payão SLM, Rasmussen LT. Helicobacter pylori and its reservoirs: A correlation with the gastric infection. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:126-132. [PMID: 26855818 PMCID: PMC4734945 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has long been found to cause gastric diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. The transmission medium of this bacterium has yet to be determined, though several studies have speculated that the oral cavity is a reservoir for H. pylori. Others have also reported that the oral cavity may be a source of both transmission and gastric reinfection; however, such results are controversial. We reviewed the literature and selected studies that report an association among H. pylori detections in the oral cavity (dental plaque, saliva, tongue, tonsil tissue, root canals, oral mucosa) in humans and in animals, as well as in the human stomach. The oral cavity may be considered the main reservoir for H. pylori. There are a correlations between H. pylori infection in the oral cavity and periodontal disease, oral tissue inflammation, H. pylori transmission, and gastric reinfection. We believe that the mouth is a reservoir and that it plays a crucial role in both H. pylori transmission and gastric infection.
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Amiri N, Abiri R, Eyvazi M, Zolfaghari MR, Alvandi A. The frequency of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque is possibly underestimated. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:782-8. [PMID: 25766471 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The commonest bacteria, causing infection across the world is Helicobacter pylori, which colonizes the human stomach. This bacteria has also been detected in some extra-gastric ecological niches such as the oral cavity and water. However, the results of H. pylori detection in extra-gastric ecological niche are controversial. The improvement of the sensitivity and the specificity of the detection methods appear to be some of the main bottleneck issues in providing compelling evidence. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of this organism in dental plaque samples using an analytically sensitive and specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as well as a new nucleic acid detection method termed the Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). DESIGN In a descriptive cross-sectional study 45 participants enrolled and dental plaque samples were collected from at least two teeth surfaces (one anterior and one posterior tooth) using a sterile periodontal curette. The DNA content was extracted from the samples and the presence of H. pylori was determined by PCR and LAMP reactions. RESULTS The frequency of detection of H. pylori in the dental plaque samples were 44% (20/45), 66.67% (30/45) and 77.78% (35/45) using PCR, LAMP and positivity for both tests, respectively. CONCLUSION The high frequency of H. pylori was detected in the dental plaque samples of the participants, which concurs with the high prevalence of this bacteria in the population. This is one of the highest reported rates around the world. The results reveal that dental plaque can be one of the main causes of re-infection and also be the cause of oral-oral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Amiri
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Eyvazi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhooshang Alvandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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20
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Ogaya Y, Nomura R, Watanabe Y, Nakano K. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in inflamed dental pulp specimens from Japanese children and adolescents. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:117-123. [PMID: 25332373 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.079491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity has been implicated as a source of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood. Various PCR methods have been used to detect H. pylori DNA in oral specimens with various detection rates reported. Such disparity in detection rates complicates the estimation of the true infection rate of H. pylori in the oral cavity. In the present study, we constructed a novel PCR system for H. pylori detection and used it to analyse oral specimens. Firstly, the nucleotide alignments of genes commonly used for H. pylori detection were compared using the complete genome information for 48 strains registered in the GenBank database. Candidate primer sets with an estimated amplification size of approximately 300-400 bp were selected, and the specificity and sensitivity of the detection system using each primer set were evaluated. Five sets of primers targeting ureA were considered appropriate, of which a single primer set was chosen for inclusion in the PCR system. The sensitivity of the system was considered appropriate and its detection limit established as one to ten cells per reaction. The novel PCR system was used to examine H. pylori distribution in oral specimens (40 inflamed pulp tissues, 40 saliva samples) collected from Japanese children, adolescents and young adults. PCR analysis revealed that the detection rate of H. pylori in inflamed pulp was 15 %, whereas no positive reaction was found in any of the saliva specimens. Taken together, our novel PCR system was found to be reliable for detecting H. pylori. The results obtained showed that H. pylori was detected in inflamed pulp but not saliva specimens, indicating that an infected root canal may be a reservoir for H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Adler I, Muiño A, Aguas S, Harada L, Diaz M, Lence A, Labbrozzi M, Muiño JM, Elsner B, Avagnina A, Denninghoff V. Helicobacter pylori and oral pathology: Relationship with the gastric infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9922-9935. [PMID: 25110422 PMCID: PMC4123373 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been found in the oral cavity and stomach, and its infection is one of the most frequent worldwide. We reviewed the literature and conducted a Topic Highlight, which identified studies reporting an association between H. pylori-infection in the oral cavity and H. pylori-positive stomach bacterium. This work was designed to determine whether H. pylori is the etiologic agent in periodontal disease, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), squamous cell carcinoma, burning and halitosis. Record selection focused on the highest quality studies and meta-analyses. We selected 48 articles reporting on the association between saliva and plaque and H. pylori-infection. In order to assess periodontal disease data, we included 12 clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis. We evaluated 13 published articles that addressed the potential association with RAS, and 6 with squamous cell carcinoma. Fourteen publications focused on our questions on burning and halitosis. There is a close relation between H. pylori infection in the oral cavity and the stomach. The mouth is the first extra-gastric reservoir. Regarding the role of H. pylori in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma, no evidence is still available.
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Bharath TS, Reddy MS, Dhanapal R, Raj Kumar NG, Neeladri Raju P, Saraswathi T. Molecular detection and corelation of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and gastric biopsies of dyspeptic patients. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:19-24. [PMID: 24959032 PMCID: PMC4065441 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.131885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic organism, which colonizes in the gastric mucosa. Its role in etiology and development of acute and chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases is scientifically proved. Oral cavity especially supragingival, subgingival plaque and so forth simulate the same microaerophilic environment favorable for the growth of this bacterium. AIM Detection of H. pylori simultaneously in the oral cavity and gastric mucosa of patients suffering from gastric pathologies. OBJECTIVES To detect H. pylori in the oral cavity and gastric mucosa using endoscopy, urease test and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (urease A gene). Determining its association and corelation with patient demographics, oral hygiene maintenance and periodontal disease status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endoscopic examination, oral findings oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) and community periodontal index and treatment needs (CPITN) indices were recorded. Antral biopsies and supragingival plaque samples were taken from 56 dyspeptic adult patients. The collected samples were subjected to histological examination, urease broth test and urease A gene amplification using real-time PCR. RESULT H. pylori was detected in the supragingival plaque of individuals with H. pylori-induced gastric diseases using rapid urease test and real-time PCR analysis. Occurrence of same strain of H. pylori simultaneously in plaque and gastric mucosa was observed. Positive correlation was obtained between the collected indices and quantity of H. pylori colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sreenivasa Bharath
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Sesha Reddy
- Department of Periodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raghu Dhanapal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Technology and Science Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Govind Raj Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pv Neeladri Raju
- Gastroenterologist, Neeladri Institute of Gastroenterology, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tr Saraswathi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Anand PS, Kamath KP, Anil S. Role of dental plaque, saliva and periodontal disease in Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5639-53. [PMID: 24914323 PMCID: PMC4024772 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Although H. pylori may be detected in the stomach of approximately half of the world's population, the mechanisms of transmission of the microorganism from individual to individual are not yet clear. Transmission of H. pylori could occur through iatrogenic, fecal-oral, and oral-oral routes, and through food and water. The microorganism may be transmitted orally and has been detected in dental plaque and saliva. However, the role of the oral cavity in the transmission and recurrence of H. pylori infection has been the subject of debate. A large number of studies investigating the role of oral hygiene and periodontal disease in H. pylori infection have varied significantly in terms of their methodology and sample population, resulting in a wide variation in the reported results. Nevertheless, recent studies have not only shown that the microorganism can be detected fairly consistently from the oral cavity but also demonstrated that the chances of recurrence of H. pylori infection is more likely among patients who harbor the organism in the oral cavity. Furthermore, initial results from clinical trials have shown that H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients may benefit from periodontal therapy. This paper attempts to review the current body of evidence regarding the role of dental plaque, saliva, and periodontal disease in H. pylori infection.
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Oral Cavity as an Extragastric Reservoir of Helicobacter pylori. ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 2014:261369. [PMID: 24701355 PMCID: PMC3950549 DOI: 10.1155/2014/261369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background. Several studies were reported on the prevalence, and relationship between the existence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in oral cavity and in stomach of patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and its link to gastric infection, the existence of coinfection, and the impact of anti-H. pylori therapy on the dental plaque and vice versa. Method. Two authors independently searched the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for relevant studies. The articles were analyzed critically and all qualified studies were included. The search was carried out by using a combined text and the MeSH search strategies: using the key words Helicobacter, Helicobacter pylori, and H. pylori in combination with dental plaque, periodontitis, and oral hygiene. Results. The data was presented in 8 tables and each topic separately discussed. Conclusion. Based on the systematic review of the available literature on H. pylori infection and its presence in the oral cavity, it can be concluded that dental plaque can act as a reservoir, and proper oral hygiene maintenance is essential to prevent reinfection. Due to the diversified methods and population groups involved in the available literature, no concrete evidence can be laid down. Further studies are necessary to establish the role of H. pylori in the oral cavity and its eradication on preventing the gastroduodenal infection.
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Kariya S, Okano M, Nishizaki K. An association between Helicobacter pylori and upper respiratory tract disease: Fact or fiction? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1470-1484. [PMID: 24587622 PMCID: PMC3925855 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers and considerable evidence supports the notion that infection with this bacterium is also associated with gastric malignancy in addition to various other conditions including pulmonary, vascular and autoimmune disorders. Gastric juice infected with H. pylori might play an important role in upper respiratory tract infection. Although direct and/or indirect mechanisms might be involved in the association between H. pylori and upper respiratory tract diseases, the etiological role of H. pylori in upper respiratory tract disorders has not yet been fully elucidated. Although various studies over the past two decades have suggested a relationship between H. pylori and upper respiratory tract diseases, the findings are inconsistent. The present overview describes the outcomes of recent investigations into the impact of H. pylori on upper respiratory tract and adjacent lesions.
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Genetic variation of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity and stomach detected using thymine adenine cloning in children with chronic gastritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33:e1-6. [PMID: 23989107 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the DNA sequence variations of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavities and stomachs of children with chronic gastritis. METHODS Dental plaques and gargle on 235 patients were obtained before gastroscopy. Gastric H. pylori infection was diagnosed using rapid urease test or Giemsa staining. H. pylori 16S rDNA and CagA gene were analyzed using PCR methods. Thymine adenine cloning-based sequencing was performed in patients with CagA gene positive from oral cavities. The sequence alignments and V1 variable region were evaluated by comparison with the sequence of the standard H. pylori 26695 strain. RESULTS Totally, 46 out of the 235 patients were positive for gastric H. pylori infection. Of the 46 patients, 26 cases had amplified H. pylori 16S rDNA in both oral (plaque and gargle) and gastric samples. Of the 26 cases, 12 patients (46.1%) were positive for the H. pylori CagA gene in the oral samples, which was significantly lower than that in the gastric mucosa (80.8%; P = 0.010). The homology of the complete sequence alignment ranged from 74.0% to 92.1% in the oral and gastric samples. The V1 region alleles (positions 75-99) had 7-22 polymorphisms (homology from 12.0% to 72.0%) in 11 patients between the oral and gastric samples, but had 100% homology in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that distinct H. pylori strains exist in the oral cavities of children, but we would not support the hypothesis that H. pylori in the oral cavities is an important reservoir of gastric H. pylori infections in children.
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Al-Ahmad A, Kürschner A, Weckesser S, Wittmer A, Rauberger H, Jakob T, Hellwig E, Kist M, Waidner B. Is Helicobacter pylori resident or transient in the human oral cavity? J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1146-1152. [PMID: 22499779 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.043893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomachs of at least half of the world's human population. The role of the oral cavity in this colonization is not clear and there are, to date, no comprehensive data that clearly demonstrate the isolation of this bacterium from the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori in the oral cavity of 15 patients who tested positive for H. pylori. A comprehensive dental examination of all patients was conducted. Samples were taken from supragingival and subgingival plaque, saliva, periapical exudates and tongue swabs. All samples were taken before the application of antibiotics. A total of 163 oral samples were investigated by PCR using two different H. pylori-specific primer pairs. A PCR inhibition control using a modified plasmid was always included for the most specific primer pair. In addition, a culture technique was used to confirm PCR results. Despite a PCR detection limit of 10(2) bacteria ml(-1), out of 14 patients, H. pylori could not be detected in any of the samples taken. In one patient, H. pylori-positive PCR signals were obtained in two samples using only one primer pair. H. pylori could not be cultivated from these two PCR-positive samples; therefore, no correlation to oral colonization status could be established. This study challenges the misleading preconception that H. pylori resides in the human oral cavity and suggests that this bacterium should be considered transient and independent of the oral status. To date, positive PCR results for H. pylori in the oral cavity have been overestimated and not critically interpreted in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Kürschner
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Weckesser
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Wittmer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Rauberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Jakob
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Kist
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Waidner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
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Determination of risk factors and transmission pathways of Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic subjects in Western India using polymerase chain reaction. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Sayed MM, Ibrahim WA, Abdel-bary SA, Abdelhakam SM, El-Masry SA, Ghoraba D. Salivary PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Egyptian patients with dyspepsia. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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30
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Gao J, Li Y, Wang Q, Qi C, Zhu S. Correlation between distribution of Helicobacter pylori in oral cavity and chronic stomach conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:409-412. [PMID: 21671188 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the colonization and distribution of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in patients with chronic gastric diseases were investigated and the relationship between the periodontal initial treatment and presence of Hp in oral cavity was examined to better understand the connection between Hp infection and chronic diseases. Primers for PCR amplification were designed according to ureC gene and cagA genes of Hp. Specimens were harvested from different sites of 96 patients with chronic gastric diseases and the specimens of dental plaques, gargles and dorsal mucosa were tested for Hp. The 96 patients were treated by bismuth triple therapy and among them, 52 subjects were additionally given periodontal initial therapy. The eradication rate of gastric Hp and oral Hp detection rate were determined 4 weeks and 1 year after the treatment. The results showed that the detection rates of oral specimens were in the order of dental plaques (82.3%), gargles (51.1%) and scrapings of dorsal mucosa of tongue (37.5%). One year after bismuth triple therapy or the triple therapy in combination with periodontal initial treatment, the eradication rate of gastric Hp was significantly higher in the combination treatment group than in group treated by the triple therapy alone (62.8% vs. 32.4%, P<0. 05). Moreover, the Hp detection rate was significantly lower in the combination group than in the group treated only with the triple therapy. We are led to conclude that Hp is present at various parts of oral cavity, oral Hp might be an important source of gastric Hp and the triple therapy plus periodontal initial treatment can enhance the long-term eradication rate of gastric Hp in patient with both chronic gastric diseases and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China.,Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Li
- Central Laboratory, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Qingcai Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Chunhua Qi
- Central Laboratory, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Shengrong Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, China.
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31
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Silva DG, Stevens RH, Macedo JMB, Albano RM, Falabella MEV, Fischer RG, Veerman EC, Tinoco EMB. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in supragingival dental plaque of individuals with periodontal disease and upper gastric diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:896-901. [PMID: 20863482 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative microorganism which is able to colonize the gastric mucosa and is associated with peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Several studies have detected this bacterium in the oral cavity, suggesting it as a potential reservoir. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity of individuals with periodontal disease and gastric diseases. METHODS 115 individuals, with mean age 49.6 (±5.8) years, were divided in 4 groups: (A) with gastric diseases and periodontal disease; (B) with gastric diseases and no periodontal disease; (C) without gastric diseases and without periodontal disease, (D) without gastric diseases and with periodontal disease. Supra and subgingival plaque samples were collected from posterior teeth of the individuals with sterile paper points, and prepared for Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis. Fisher's exact test was used for detecting statistical differences between groups (p<0.05). RESULTS H. pylori was detected in supragingival plaque of 9/36 (25%) of group A, 1/31 (0.3%) of group B, 0 (0%) of group C and 3/36 (8.3%) of group D. No subgingival samples were positive for H. pylori. There was a statistically higher prevalence of H. pylori in groups A and D when compared to B and C (p<0.05). CONCLUSION H. pylori was detected in the supragingival plaque, but not in the subgingival plaque, of individuals with periodontal disease and upper gastric diseases. There was an association between the supragingival colonization of H. pylori and oral hygiene parameters such as the presence of plaque and gingival bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise G Silva
- Escola de Odontologia, UNIGRANRIO, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.
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32
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Figura N, Franceschi F, Santucci A, Bernardini G, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2010; 15 Suppl 1:60-8. [PMID: 21054655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The possible role of Helicobacter pylori as a trigger for some extragastric diseases has been largely investigated in the last year. There are, in fact, several studies concerning cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus, ear and eyes diseases, immunological and hematological disorders, liver and bile tract diseases, gynecological and respiratory tract pathologies. Among them, idiopathic sideropenic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura still remain the extragastric diseases showing the most convincing results. Concerning ischemic heart disease, there are new interesting data playing in favor of the association, even though there are still some open issues to be clarified. For the other diseases, more studies are needed to clarify the reality of the proposed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Figura
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Siena, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
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33
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Rasmussen LT, Labio RWD, Gatti LL, Silva LCD, Queiroz VFD, Smith MDAC, Payão SLM. Helicobacter pylori detection in gastric biopsies, saliva and dental plaque of Brazilian dyspeptic patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:326-30. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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34
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Peng Z, Wei X, Lin Z. Stable surface expression of a gene for Helicobacter pylori toxic porin protein with pBAD expression system. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2009; 29:435-8. [PMID: 19662358 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes peptic and duodenal diseases in humans. Among a 32-protein family of outer membrane proteins, a porin-like protein, HopE, has been a subject of note, mainly for its conservative nature among H. pylori, and for its potential as a vaccine candidate. To achieve stable surface expression of this host cell-toxic protein, hopE gene was introduced into pBAD expression system. After induction with arabinose, all 15 randomly-chosen E. coli LMG 194 colonies from 3 successive passages could express HopE protein, while only 1 from 5 E. coli colonies that contained lac operon-regulated plasmid encoding hopE gene could express HopE. Indirect immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of HopE on E. coli cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Peng
- Department of Endodontics, Guanghua College of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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