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Valverde A, George A, Nares S, Naqvi AR. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting bone signaling pathways in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 39044454 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial immune-mediated disease exacerbated by dysregulated alveolar bone homeostasis. Timely intervention is crucial for disease management to prevent tooth loss. To successfully manage periodontitis, it is imperative to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis to develop novel treatment modalities. Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) such as subgingival instrumentation/debridement has been the underlying treatment strategy over the past decades. However, new NSPT approaches that target key signaling pathways regulating alveolar bone homeostasis have shown positive clinical outcomes. This narrative review aims to discuss endogenous bone homeostasis mechanisms impaired in periodontitis and highlight the clinical outcomes of preventive periodontal therapy to avoid invasive periodontal therapies. Although the anti-resorptive therapeutic adjuncts have demonstrated beneficial outcomes, adverse events have been reported. Diverse immunomodulatory therapies targeting the osteoblast/osteoclast (OB/OC) axis have shown promising outcomes in vivo. Future controlled randomized clinical trials (RCT) would help clinicians and patients in the selection of novel preventing therapies targeting key molecules to effectively treat or prevent periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Valverde
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Hiroshima Y, Kido R, Kido JI, Bando M, Yoshida K, Murakami A, Shinohara Y. Synthesis of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor using cell-free protein synthesis system. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00910-8. [PMID: 38502469 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) functions as a protease inhibitor that modulates excessive proteolysis in the body, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, regulates inflammatory responses, and plays an important role in the innate immunity. The purpose of the study was to artificially synthesize a SLPI, an antimicrobial peptide, and investigate its effect on antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. SLPI protein with a molecular weight of approximately 13 kDa was artificially synthesized using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system and investigated by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Disulfide bond isomerase in the protein synthesis mixture increased the amount of SLPI synthesized. The synthesized SLPI (sSLPI) protein was purified and its antimicrobial activity was investigated based on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and bacterial adhesion to oral epithelial cells. The effect of sSLPI on IL-6 production in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) was examined by ELISA. Our results showed that sSLPI significantly inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and bacterial adhesion to oral epithelial cells and further inhibited IL-6 production by HPLFs. These results suggested that SLPI artificially synthesized using the CFPS system may play a role in the prevention of periodontal diseases through its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Rie Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mika Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akikazu Murakami
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Hiroshima Y, Kido JI, Kido R, Yoshida K, Bando M, Kajimoto K, Yumoto H, Shinohara Y. β-defensin 2 synthesized by a cell-free protein synthesis system and encapsulated in liposomes inhibits adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells. Odontology 2023; 111:830-838. [PMID: 36745267 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-defensin 2 (BD-2), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), is expressed by oral epithelial cells and plays an important role in innate immunity of the oral cavity. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems have been studied for the synthesis of various proteins, however, the synthesis of BD-2 by a CFPS system has not been extensively explored. Liposomes have been developed as tools for drug delivery. A delivery of liposome-encapsulated AMP to oral epithelium may be useful to prevent oral infectious diseases. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the BD-2 protein, artificially synthesized using a CFPS system and encapsulated in liposomes. BD-2 protein was artificially synthesized using template DNA and a reconstituted CFPS system and was identified by western blotting. Bilayer liposomes were prepared using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline and 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk. The artificially synthesized BD-2 was encapsulated in liposomes, collected by ultrafiltration, and detected by western blotting. Human oral epithelial cells were cultured with the liposome-encapsulated BD-2 and the concentration of BD-2 in the cell lysate of the culture with the synthesized BD-2 was higher than that of the control cultures. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized BD-2 was investigated by an adhesion assay of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells. The artificially synthesized BD-2 and its liposome significantly inhibited adhesion of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells. These results suggest that artificially synthesized BD-2 and liposome-encapsulated BD-2 show antimicrobial activity and can potentially play a role in oral healthcare for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rie Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mika Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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4
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Kido JI, Hiroshima Y, Kido R, Yoshida K, Inagaki Y, Naruishi K, Kajimoto K, Kataoka M, Shinohara Y, Yumoto H. Lipocalin 2, synthesized using a cell-free protein synthesis system and encapsulated into liposomes, inhibits the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to human oral epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:262-273. [PMID: 36579753 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a glycoprotein expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has an antibacterial effect and plays a role in innate immunity. The delivery of LCN2 encapsulated in liposomes to oral epithelium may be useful to prevent oral infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of LCN2, artificially synthesized using a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system, on the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells in order to approach oral healthcare using LCN2. METHODS LCN 2 was synthesized using a CFPS system and assayed by Western blotting, mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bilayer liposomes were prepared by the spontaneous transfer method using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine (DOPC), 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine from Egg Yolk (Egg-PC), and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). The cellular and medium fractions derived from the culture of oral epithelial cells with liposome-encapsulated LCN2 were assayed by Western blotting and ELISA. The effect of the synthesized LCN2 on adhesion of the labeled P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells was investigated as an evaluation of its antibacterial activity. RESULTS The synthesized LCN2 protein was identified by Western blotting; its amino acid sequence was similar to that of recombinant LCN2 protein. The additions of DOPE and octa-arginine in the outer lipid-layer components of liposome significantly increased the delivery of liposomes to epithelial cells. When oral epithelial cells were cultured with the synthesized and liposome-encapsulated LCN2, LCN2 was identified in the cellular and medium fractions by Western blotting and its concentration in the cellular fraction from the culture with the synthesized LCN2 was significantly higher than that of a template DNA-free protein. The synthesized LCN2 and liposome-encapsulated LCN2 significantly inhibited the adhesion of P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells compared with template DNA-free protein. CONCLUSION LCN2 was artificially synthesized by a CFPS system, encapsulated in liposomes, and delivered to oral epithelial cells, and demonstrated an antibacterial action against P. gingivalis. This approach may become a useful model for oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rie Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial, Science and Technology, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial, Science and Technology, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Johnstone KF, Herzberg MC. Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:958480. [PMID: 35979535 PMCID: PMC9376388 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.958480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent epidemic caused by aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 virus illustrates the importance and vulnerability of the mucosal epithelial barrier against infection. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are key to the epithelial barrier, providing immunity against microbes. In primitive life forms, AMPs protect the integument and the gut against pathogenic microbes. AMPs have also evolved in humans and other mammals to enhance newer, complex innate and adaptive immunity to favor the persistence of commensals over pathogenic microbes. The canonical AMPs are helictical peptides that form lethal pores in microbial membranes. In higher life forms, this type of AMP is exemplified by the defensin family of AMPs. In epithelial tissues, defensins, and calprotectin (complex of S100A8 and S100A9) have evolved to work cooperatively. The mechanisms of action differ. Unlike defensins, calprotectin sequesters essential trace metals from microbes, which inhibits growth. This review focuses on defensins and calprotectin as AMPs that appear to work cooperatively to fortify the epithelial barrier against infection. The antimicrobial spectrum is broad with overlap between the two AMPs. In mice, experimental models highlight the contribution of both AMPs to candidiasis as a fungal infection and periodontitis resulting from bacterial dysbiosis. These AMPs appear to contribute to innate immunity in humans, protecting the commensal microflora and restricting the emergence of pathobionts and pathogens. A striking example in human innate immunity is that elevated serum calprotectin protects against neonatal sepsis. Calprotectin is also remarkable because of functional differences when localized in epithelial and neutrophil cytoplasm or released into the extracellular environment. In the cytoplasm, calprotectin appears to protect against invasive pathogens. Extracellularly, calprotectin can engage pathogen-recognition receptors to activate innate immune and proinflammatory mechanisms. In inflamed epithelial and other tissue spaces, calprotectin, DNA, and histones are released from degranulated neutrophils to form insoluble antimicrobial barriers termed neutrophil extracellular traps. Hence, calprotectin and other AMPs use several strategies to provide microbial control and stimulate innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martínez-Herrero S, Martínez A. Adrenomedullin: Not Just Another Gastrointestinal Peptide. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020156. [PMID: 35204657 PMCID: PMC8961556 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) are two bioactive peptides derived from the same precursor with several biological functions including vasodilation, angiogenesis, or anti-inflammation, among others. AM and PAMP are widely expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where they behave as GI hormones, regulating numerous physiological processes such as gastric emptying, gastric acid release, insulin secretion, bowel movements, or intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, it has been recently demonstrated that AM/PAMP have an impact on gut microbiome composition, inhibiting the growth of bacteria related with disease and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. Due to their wide functions in the GI tract, AM and PAMP are involved in several digestive pathologies such as peptic ulcer, diabetes, colon cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AM is a key protective factor in IBD onset and development, as it regulates cytokine production in the intestinal mucosa, improves vascular and lymphatic regeneration and function and mucosal epithelial repair, and promotes a beneficial gut microbiome composition. AM and PAMP are relevant GI hormones that can be targeted to develop novel therapeutic agents for IBD, other GI disorders, or microbiome-related pathologies.
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Cimões R, Pinho RCM, Gurgel BCDV, Borges SB, Marcantonio Júnior E, Marcantonio CC, Melo MARDC, Piattelli A, Shibli JA. Impact of tooth loss due to periodontal disease on the prognosis of rehabilitation. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e101. [PMID: 34586215 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
When periodontal disease is diagnosed, it is difficult to predict the clinical response of treatment of a tooth over time because the result of treatment is affected by several factors and will depend on the maintenance and support of periodontal treatment. Rehabilitation with removable dental prostheses, fixed prostheses, and dental implants makes it possible to restore the function and esthetics of patients with tooth loss due to periodontal disease. The predictive factors of tooth loss in periodontitis patients should be assessed by dentists to inform their clinical decision-making during dental treatment planning. This will provide detailed individualized information and level of risk of patients considered suitable for dental rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of this article was to review the subject of "Impact of tooth loss due to periodontal disease on the prognosis of rehabilitation" and the effect of fixed, removable, and implant-supported prostheses in periodontal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cimões
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Health Sciences Centre, Department of Prosthesis and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Samuel Batista Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Health Sciences Centre, Department of Dentistry, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Elcio Marcantonio Júnior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Chierici Marcantonio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Piattelli
- University of Chieti, Dental School, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Universidade de Guarulhos - UnG, Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
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郜 洪, 孟 焕, 侯 建, 黄 宝, 李 玮. [Expression and distribution of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53:744-749. [PMID: 34393239 PMCID: PMC8365054 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calprotectin, the heterdimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is the major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils, which is also expressed or induced in gingival epithelial cells, activated mononuclear macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. Calprotectin is intimately associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis, but the in vivo expression patterns of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissue are not fully understood. To observe the expression, distribution and cellular localization of calprotectin in the samples of healthy periodontal tissues and experimental periodontitis tissues of Beagles and to explore their relationship with periodontal inflammation and possible effect. METHODS Experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation around the mandibular second molar of the Beagle dogs, while the contralateral teeth were healthy controls. Induction duration was 12 weeks, before the dogs were executed. Tissue specimens were demineralized and serial sections were made conventionally. The in vivo expression of calprotectin in the healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro expression of calprotectin in human primary gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that calprotectin was expressed in gingival epithelial cells and infiltrated neutrophils in the healthy periodontium within the gingival epithelium, S100A8/A9 was most strongly expressed in the junctional epithelium, followed by surface epithelium, and least expressed in the sulcular epithelium. The S100A8/A9 expression levels were sharply defined at the junction between the junctional epithelium and the sulcular epithelium. In periodontal inflammatory lesions, the expression level of calprotectin in sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium was up-regulated than that in the healthy gingival epithelium. Calprotectin was inducibly expressed in fibroblast-like cells in gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament tissue, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the expression of calprotectin in primary human GFs and PDL cells was confirmed by immunnocytochemistry staining. CONCLUSION Constitutively expressed in neutrophils and gingival epithelial cells, and calprotectin might maintain the homeostasis and integrity of periodontium. Inflammation-induced expression of calprotectin in GFs, PDL cells, microvascular ECs and bone marrow fibroblasts might process anti-microbial function and promote leukocytes transmigration to defend the host against the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- 洪宇 郜
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- 天津医科大学口腔医院牙周科,天津 300070Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - 焕新 孟
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 建霞 侯
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 宝鑫 黄
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 玮 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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郜 洪, 孟 焕, 侯 建, 黄 宝, 李 玮. [Expression and distribution of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53:744-749. [PMID: 34393239 PMCID: PMC8365054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calprotectin, the heterdimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is the major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils, which is also expressed or induced in gingival epithelial cells, activated mononuclear macrophages and vascular endothelial cells. Calprotectin is intimately associated with the initiation and progression of periodontitis, but the in vivo expression patterns of calprotectin in healthy and inflamed periodontal tissue are not fully understood. To observe the expression, distribution and cellular localization of calprotectin in the samples of healthy periodontal tissues and experimental periodontitis tissues of Beagles and to explore their relationship with periodontal inflammation and possible effect. METHODS Experimental periodontitis model was established by ligation around the mandibular second molar of the Beagle dogs, while the contralateral teeth were healthy controls. Induction duration was 12 weeks, before the dogs were executed. Tissue specimens were demineralized and serial sections were made conventionally. The in vivo expression of calprotectin in the healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro expression of calprotectin in human primary gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that calprotectin was expressed in gingival epithelial cells and infiltrated neutrophils in the healthy periodontium within the gingival epithelium, S100A8/A9 was most strongly expressed in the junctional epithelium, followed by surface epithelium, and least expressed in the sulcular epithelium. The S100A8/A9 expression levels were sharply defined at the junction between the junctional epithelium and the sulcular epithelium. In periodontal inflammatory lesions, the expression level of calprotectin in sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium was up-regulated than that in the healthy gingival epithelium. Calprotectin was inducibly expressed in fibroblast-like cells in gingival connective tissue and periodontal ligament tissue, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and bone marrow fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the expression of calprotectin in primary human GFs and PDL cells was confirmed by immunnocytochemistry staining. CONCLUSION Constitutively expressed in neutrophils and gingival epithelial cells, and calprotectin might maintain the homeostasis and integrity of periodontium. Inflammation-induced expression of calprotectin in GFs, PDL cells, microvascular ECs and bone marrow fibroblasts might process anti-microbial function and promote leukocytes transmigration to defend the host against the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- 洪宇 郜
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- 天津医科大学口腔医院牙周科,天津 300070Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - 焕新 孟
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 建霞 侯
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 宝鑫 黄
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 玮 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,牙周科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Compromised dental cells viability following teeth-whitening exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15547. [PMID: 34330953 PMCID: PMC8324915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the viability of dental cells following time-dependent carbamide peroxide teeth-whitening treatments using an in-vitro dentin perfusion assay model. 30 teeth were exposed to 5% or 16% CP gel (4 h daily) for 2-weeks. The enamel organic content was measured with thermogravimetry. The time-dependent viability of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) and gingival fibroblast cells (HGFCs) following either indirect exposure to 3 commercially available concentrations of CP gel using an in-vitro dentin perfusion assay or direct exposure to 5% H2O2 were investigated by evaluating change in cell morphology and by hemocytometry. The 5% and 16% CP produced a significantly lower (p < 0.001) enamel protein content (by weight) when compared to the control. The organic content in enamel varied accordingly to the CP treatment: for the 16% and 5% CP treatment groups, a variation of 4.0% and 5.4%, respectively, was observed with no significant difference. The cell viability of HDPSCs decreased exponentially over time for all groups. Within the limitation of this in-vitro study, we conclude that even low concentrations of H2O2 and CP result in a deleterious change in enamel protein content and compromise the viability of HGFCs and HDPSCs. These effects should be observed in-vivo.
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12
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Kido R, Hiroshima Y, Kido JI, Ikuta T, Sakamoto E, Inagaki Y, Naruishi K, Yumoto H. Advanced glycation end-products increase lipocalin 2 expression in human oral epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:539-550. [PMID: 32170733 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM), a risk factor of periodontal diseases, exacerbates the pathological condition of periodontitis. A major factor for DM complications is advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that accumulate in periodontal tissues and cause inflammatory events. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an antimicrobial peptide and inflammation-related factor, and LCN2 levels increase in DM. In this study, the effects of AGEs and lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P g-LPS) on LCN2 expression in human oral epithelial cells (TR146 cells) and the role of secreted LCN2 in periodontitis with DM were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS TR146 cells were cultured with AGEs (AGE2) and control BSA and cell viability was estimated, or with P g-LPS. Conditioned medium and cell lysates were prepared from cultures of epithelial cells and used for Western blotting and ELISA to analyze LCN2, RAGE, IL-6, MAPK, and NF-κB. RNA was isolated from AGE-treated TR146 cells and differentiated HL-60 (D-HL-60) cells and used for quantitative real-time PCR to examine the expression of LCN2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNAs. RAGE- and LCN2-siRNAs (siRAGE, siLCN2) were transfected into epithelial cells, and AGE-induced LCN2 expression was investigated. D-HL-60 cells were co-cultured with TR146 cells that were transfected with siLCN2 and treated with AGEs, and IL-6 mRNA expression in D-HL-60 cells and cell migration was investigated. RESULTS AGEs increased the expression levels of LCN2 and IL-6 in oral epithelial cells. siRAGE and a neutralizing antibody for RAGE inhibited AGE-induced LCN2 expression. AGEs stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and NF-κB in epithelial cells, and their inhibitors suppressed AGE-induced LCN2 expression. In contrast, P g-LPS did not show a significant increase in LCN2 level in TR146 cells that expressed Toll-like receptor 2. In co-culture experiments, AGE-induced LCN2 inhibited IL-6 mRNA expression in D-HL-60 cells, and LCN2 knockdown in epithelial cells suppressed HL-60 cell migration. CONCLUSION These results suggested that AGEs increase LCN2 expression via RAGE, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in oral epithelial cells, and secreted LCN2 may influence the pathological condition of periodontitis with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikuta
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eijiro Sakamoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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13
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Irani S, Barati I, Badiei M. Periodontitis and oral cancer - current concepts of the etiopathogenesis. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:465. [PMID: 32231765 PMCID: PMC7097927 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival tissues are attacked by oral pathogens which can induce inflammatory reactions. The immune-inflammatory responses play essential roles in the patient susceptibility to periodontal diseases. There is a wealth of evidence indicating a link between chronic inflammation and risk of malignant transformation of the affected oral epithelium. Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic systemic conditions including autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Besides, some risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus have been found to be associated with both periodontitis and oral cancer. This review article aimed to study the current concepts in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and oral cancer by reviewing the related articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Dental Research Centre, Oral Pathology Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Iman Barati
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammadreza Badiei
- Dental Student, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081135. [PMID: 31370168 PMCID: PMC6723779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease in which the composition of biofilms plays a significant role. Dental plaque accumulation at the gingival margin initiates an inflammatory response that, in turn, causes microbial alterations and may lead to drastic consequences in the periodontium of susceptible individuals. Chronic inflammation affects the gingiva and can proceed to periodontitis, which characteristically results in irreversible loss of attachment and alveolar bone. Periodontitis appears typically in adult-aged populations, but young individuals can also experience it and its harmful outcome. Advanced disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition, periodontitis is associated with many chronic diseases and conditions affecting general health.
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15
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Dommisch H, Skora P, Hirschfeld J, Olk G, Hildebrandt L, Jepsen S. The guardians of the periodontium—sequential and differential expression of antimicrobial peptides during gingival inflammation. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:276-285. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic DentistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Oral Health SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Philipp Skora
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Josefine Hirschfeld
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
- College of Medical and Dental SciencesPeriodontal Research GroupUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Gabriela Olk
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrandt
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive DentistryUniversity Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
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16
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Polak D, Zigron A, Eli-Berchoer L, Shapira L, Nussbaum G. Myd88 plays a major role in the keratinocyte response to infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:396-404. [PMID: 30793777 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of keratinocyte myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) expression in the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to the cells and its subsequent invasion and intracellular survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary mouse keratinocytes from wild-type (WT) or Myd88-/- mice were infected with P gingivalis alone or co-infected with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Bacterial adhesion and invasion were measured using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry, and intracellular survival in keratinocytes was quantified by an antibiotic protection assay. Keratinocyte expression of antimicrobial peptides was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS In the absence of MyD88, P gingivalis adherence, invasion, and intracellular survival were enhanced compared with WT keratinocytes. The presence of F nucleatum during infection increased the adhesion of P gingivalis to WT keratinocytes but reduced the adhesion to Myd88-/- keratinocytes. Fusobacterium nucleatum improved mildly the invasion and survival of P gingivalis in both cell types. Baseline expression of beta-defensin 2, 3, 4 and RegIII-γ was elevated in Myd88-/- keratinocytes compared to WT cells; however, following infection beta-defensin expression was strongly induced in WT cells but decreased dramatically in the MyD88 deficient cells. CONCLUSION In the absence of MyD88 expression, P gingivalis adhesion to keratinocytes is improved, and invasion and intracellular survival are increased. Furthermore, keratinocyte infection by P gingivalis induces antimicrobial peptide expression in a MyD88-dependent manner. Thus, MyD88 plays a key role in the interaction between P gingivalis and keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Zigron
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Qin M, Zou Y, Zhong K, Guo Y, Zou X. Expression of S100A8 is induced by interleukin‑1α in TR146 epithelial cells through a mechanism involving CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2413-2420. [PMID: 30664211 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin in mucosal epidermal keratinocytes has an important role in fighting microbial infections. S100A8 belongs to the S100 protein family and is a subunit of calprotectin (heterodimer complex of S100A8/A9). Interleukin‑1α (IL‑1α) is one of the cytokines produced by oral keratinocytes. The primary aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of IL‑1α on the expression of S100A8 and its underlying molecular mechanism in oral epithelial cells. Determining the molecular mechanism of the induced expression of S100A8 by IL‑1α aims to improve current understanding of the roles of calprotectin during the infection of mucosal epithelial cells. The expression analysis indicated that IL‑1α significantly induced the expression of S100A8 in human TR146 epithelial cells at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The reporter assay demonstrated that the upregulatory effect of S100A8 induced by IL‑1α was dependent on the S100A8 promoter specific region (‑165/‑111). The results of electrophoresis mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also demonstrated that the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) binding site (‑113/‑109) in the S100A8 promoter region was involved into the upregulatory effect on the expression of S100A8 induced by IL‑1α. Taken together, these results suggested that the activation of the expression of S100A8 induced by IL‑1α in TR146 epithelial cells involves a mechanism by which the binding activity of C/EBPβ to the specific site (‑113/‑109) of the S100A8 promoter is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqun Qin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Yantao Zou
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Kanghua Zhong
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
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18
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Stein K, Hieggelke L, Schneiker B, Lysson M, Stoffels B, Nuding S, Wehkamp J, Kikhney J, Moter A, Kalff JC, Wehner S. Intestinal manipulation affects mucosal antimicrobial defense in a mouse model of postoperative ileus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195516. [PMID: 29652914 PMCID: PMC5898729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the effects of abdominal surgery and interleukin-1 signaling on antimicrobial defense in a model of postoperative ileus. Methods C57BL/6 and Interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1) deficient mice underwent intestinal manipulation to induce POI. Expression of mucosal IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1R1 and several antimicrobial peptides and enzymes were measured by quantitative PCR or ELISA, western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Bacterial overgrowth was determined by fluorescent in-situ hybridization and counting of jejunal luminal bacteria. Translocation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria into the intestinal wall, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen was determined by counting bacterial colonies on agar plates 48h after plating of tissue homogenates. Antimicrobial activity against E. coli and B. vulgatus was analyzed in total and cationic fractions of small bowel mucosal tissue homogenates by a flow cytometry-based bacterial depolarization assay. Results Jejunal bacterial overgrowth was detected 24h after surgery. At the same time point, but not in the early phase 3h after surgery, bacterial translocation into the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes was observed. Increased antimicrobial activity against E. coli was induced within early phase of POI. Basal antimicrobial peptide and enzyme gene expression was higher in the ileal compared to the jejunal mucosa. The expression of lysozyme 1, cryptdin 1, cryptdin 4 and mucin 2 were reduced 24h after surgery in the ileal mucosa and mucin 2 was also reduced in the jejunum. Postoperative IL-1α and IL-1β were increased in the postoperative mucosa. Deficiency of IL-1R1 affected the expression of antimicrobial peptides during homeostasis and POI. Conclusion Small bowel antimicrobial capacity is disturbed during POI which is accompanied by bacterial overgrowth and translocation. IL-1R1 is partially involved in the gene expression of mucosal antimicrobial peptides. Altered small bowel antimicrobial activity may contribute also to POI development and manifestation in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Stein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Hieggelke
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bianca Schneiker
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariola Lysson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Nuding
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene/Biofilmcenter, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene/Biofilmcenter, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg C. Kalff
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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IL-1R2 deficiency suppresses dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice via regulation of microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:934-940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Li S, Schmalz G, Schmidt J, Krause F, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Antimicrobial peptides as a possible interlink between periodontal diseases and its risk factors: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:145-155. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - G. Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - J. Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - F. Krause
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - R. Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - D. Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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21
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Hiroshima Y, Sakamoto E, Yoshida K, Abe K, Naruishi K, Yamamoto T, Shinohara Y, Kido J, Geczy CL. Advanced glycation end‐products and
Porphyromonas gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide increase calprotectin expression in human gingival epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1591-1603. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Institute for Genome ResearchTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Eijiro Sakamoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | | | - Koji Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | | | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome ResearchTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Jun‐ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Carolyn L. Geczy
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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22
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Hiroshima Y, Hsu K, Tedla N, Wong SW, Chow S, Kawaguchi N, Geczy CL. S100A8/A9 and S100A9 reduce acute lung injury. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:461-472. [PMID: 28074060 PMCID: PMC5454315 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are myeloid cell-derived proteins that are elevated in several types of inflammatory lung disorders. Pro- and anti-inflammatory properties are reported and these proteins are proposed to activate TLR4. S100A8 and S100A9 can function separately, likely through distinct receptors but a systematic comparison of their effects in vivo are limited. Here we assess inflammation in murine lung following S100A9 and S100A8/A9 inhalation. Unlike S100A8, S100A9 promoted mild neutrophil and lymphocyte influx, possibly mediated in part, by increased mast cell degranulation and selective upregulation of some chemokine genes, particularly CXCL-10. S100 proteins did not significantly induce proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 or serum amyloid A3 (SAA3). In contrast to S100A8, neither preparation induced S100A8 or IL-10 mRNA/protein in airway epithelial cells, or in tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. Like S100A8, S100A9 and S100A8/A9 reduced neutrophil influx in acute lung injury provoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge but were somewhat less inhibitory, possibly because of differential effects on expression of some chemokines, IL-1β, SAA3 and IL-10. Novel common pathways including increased induction of an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 that may reduce NF-κB signalling, and increased STAT3 activation may reduce LPS activation. Results suggest a role for these proteins in normal homeostasis and protective mechanisms in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Hsu
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sze Wing Wong
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Naomi Kawaguchi
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carolyn L Geczy
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Martínez-Herrero S, Martínez A. Adrenomedullin regulates intestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S66-83. [PMID: 27345325 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) are 2 biologically active peptides produced by the same gene, ADM, with ubiquitous distribution and many physiological functions. Adrenomedullin is composed of 52 amino acids, has an internal molecular ring composed by 6 amino acids and a disulfide bond, and shares structural similarities with calcitonin gene-related peptide, amylin, and intermedin. The AM receptor consists of a 7-transmembrane domain protein called calcitonin receptor-like receptor in combination with a single transmembrane domain protein known as receptor activity-modifying protein. Using morphologic techniques, it has been shown that AM and PAMP are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, being specially abundant in the neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa; in the enterochromaffin-like and chief cells of the gastric fundus; and in the submucosa of the duodenum, ileum, and colon. This wide distribution in the gastrointestinal tract suggests that AM and PAMP may act as gut hormones regulating many physiological and pathologic conditions. To date, it has been proven that AM and PAMP act as autocrine/paracrine growth factors in the gastrointestinal epithelium, play key roles in the protection of gastric mucosa from various kinds of injury, and accelerate healing in diseases such as gastric ulcer and inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, both peptides are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying; they regulate the active transport of sugars in the intestine, regulate water and ion transport in the colon, modulate colonic bowel movements and small-intestine motility, improve endothelial barrier function, and stabilize circulatory function during gastrointestinal inflammation. Furthermore, AM and PAMP are antimicrobial peptides, and they contribute to the mucosal host defense system by regulating gut microbiota. To get a formal demonstration of the effects that endogenous AM and PAMP may have in gut microbiota, we developed an inducible knockout of the ADM gene. Using this model, we have shown, for the first time, that lack of AM/PAMP leads to changes in gut microbiota composition in mice. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this lack of AM/PAMP may have an impact in the development and/or progression of intestinal diseases through their effect on microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez-Herrero
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja 26006, Spain
| | - A Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, La Rioja 26006, Spain.
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Son ED, Kim HJ, Kim KH, Bin BH, Bae IH, Lim KM, Yu SJ, Cho EG, Lee TR. S100A7 (psoriasin) inhibits human epidermal differentiation by enhanced IL-6 secretion through IκB/NF-κB signalling. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:636-41. [PMID: 27060579 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasin (S100A7), a member of the S100 protein family, is a well-known antimicrobial peptide and a signalling molecule which regulates cellular function and is highly expressed in hyperproliferative skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis with disrupted skin barrier function. However, its role in epidermal differentiation remains unknown. We examined the effect of S100A7 on epidermal differentiation in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and on a reconstituted human epidermis model. When NHKs were exposed to disruptive stimuli such as Staphylococcus aureus, ultraviolet irradiation and retinoic acid, the secretion of S100A7 into the culture medium increased and the expression of epidermal differentiation markers decreased. Treatment of NHKs with S100A7 significantly inhibited epidermal differentiation by reducing the expression of keratin 1, keratin 10, involucrin and loricrin and by increasing the expression of abnormal differentiation markers (keratin 6 and keratin 16). We verified that the MyD88-IκB/NF-κB signal cascade was activated via RAGE after S100A7 treatment, resulting in the upregulation of interleukin-6. Finally, we confirmed that S100A7 is a negative regulator of epidermal differentiation using a reconstituted human epidermis model. This study suggests that S100A7-related signalling molecules could be potent targets for recovering skin barrier function in AD and psoriasis where S100A7 is accumulated excessively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Dong Son
- AmorePacific Corp/R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | | | - Kyu Han Kim
- AmorePacific Corp/R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Bum Ho Bin
- AmorePacific Corp/R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Il-Hong Bae
- AmorePacific Corp/R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jong Yu
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Dajeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- AmorePacific Corp/R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- AmorePacific Corp/R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Ross KF, Herzberg MC. Autonomous immunity in mucosal epithelial cells: fortifying the barrier against infection. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:387-398. [PMID: 27005450 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal epithelial cells express an autonomous innate immune response that controls the overgrowth of invaded bacteria, mitigates the harmful effects of the bacteria carried within, and does not rely on other external arms of the immune response. Epithelial cell autonomous innate immunity "respects" the social biology of invading bacteria to achieve symbiosis, and is the primary protective mechanism against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen F Ross
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark C Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, USA.
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Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Guadarrama-Solís A, Muñoz-Seca C, Arreguín-Cano JA. Hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15563-15572. [PMID: 26884825 PMCID: PMC4730038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the process of bleaching vital, discolored teeth, low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are effective alternatives to heat-activated 30% H2O2. However, interest has been expressed in the assessment of pathological effects of long-term exposure to bleaching agents such as irritation and ulceration of the gingival or other soft tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide on apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Cytochrome c, Bcl-2, Bax, Bid and caspase-3 protein expression were detected by Western blotting. HGF cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 was both dose and time dependent. The addition of H2O2 resulted in the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and an increase of Caspase-3 cleavage. Data suggest that oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HGF is intrinsic pathway involved the release of apoptotic signal from mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gutiérrez-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria D.F., México
| | - Adriana Guadarrama-Solís
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria D.F., México
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Seca
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria D.F., México
| | - Juan Antonio Arreguín-Cano
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria D.F., México
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Kido J, Bando Y, Bando M, Kajiura Y, Hiroshima Y, Inagaki Y, Murata H, Ikuta T, Kido R, Naruishi K, Funaki M, Nagata T. YKL-40 level in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. Oral Dis 2015; 21:667-73. [PMID: 25740558 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE YKL-40 is a chitin-binding glycoprotein, the level of which increases in inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contains many proteins and markers of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate YKL-40 level in GCF from patients with periodontitis and DM and the association between YKL-40 level and chronic periodontitis (CP) or DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were 121 patients with DM, CP, DM and periodontitis (DM-P), and healthy subjects (H). GCF was collected using paper strips after the sites for GCF collection were clinically evaluated for probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). YKL-40 in GCF was identified by Western blotting, and its level was determined by ELISA. RESULTS YKL-40 was contained in GCF samples from H, DM, CP, and DM-P sites, and its levels (amount and concentration) in CP and DM-P were significantly higher than those in H and DM. GCF YKL-40 level significantly correlated with PD and GI, and its level in BOP-positive sites was significantly higher than that in BOP-negative ones. CONCLUSIONS GCF YKL-40 level was elevated in periodontitis, but not DM. YKL-40 in GCF may be an inflammatory marker for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Bando
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - M Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Kajiura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Hiroshima
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - H Murata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Ikuta
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - R Kido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Naruishi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - M Funaki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - T Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Hiroshima Y, Bando M, Inagaki Y, Kido R, Kataoka M, Nagata T, Kido JI. Effect of Hangeshashinto on calprotectin expression in human oral epithelial cells. Odontology 2015; 104:152-62. [PMID: 25649126 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral epithelial cells produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to prevent microbial infection. Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) is one of these AMPs in oral epithelial cells, the expression of which is up-regulated by interleukin-1α (IL-1α). Hangeshashinto (HST) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine that has anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HST on the expression of calprotectin through the regulation of IL-1α in oral epithelial cells. Human oral epithelial cells (TR146) were cultured with HST in the presence or absence of anti-IL-1α antibody or IL-1 receptor antagonist, or with six major components of HST (3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, baicalin, ginsenoside Rb1, glycyrrhizin, oleanolic acid and berberine). The expression of S100A8, S100A9, other AMPs and cytokine mRNAs was examined by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Calprotectin expression and IL-1α secretion were investigated by ELISA. HST (6 μg/ml) increased the expression of S100A8/S100A9 mRNAs and calprotectin protein, and also up-regulated β-defensin 2 (DEFB4) and S100A7 expression. The expression of IL-1α mRNA and its protein was slightly but significantly increased by HST. A neutralizing antibody against IL-1α and IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibited HST-up-regulated S100A8/S100A9 mRNA expression. Although 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, baicalin and ginsenoside Rb1 as HST components increased S100A8/S100A9 expression, oleanolic acid and berberine decreased their expression. These results suggest that HST increases the expression of calprotectin, DEFB4 and S100A7 in oral epithelial cells. In response to HST, up-regulation of calprotectin expression may be partially induced via IL-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Mika Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Reiko Kido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- Biomarker Analysis Research Group, Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hayashi-cho 2217-14, Takamatsu, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
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Fernandez TL, Van Lonkhuyzen DR, Dawson RA, Kimlin MG, Upton Z. Characterization of a human skin equivalent model to study the effects of ultraviolet B radiation on keratinocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:588-98. [PMID: 24219750 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidences of skin cancers resulting from chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure are on the incline in both Australia and globally. Hence, the cellular and molecular pathways that are associated with UVR-induced photocarcinogenesis need to be urgently elucidated, in order to develop more robust preventative and treatment strategies against skin cancers. In vitro investigations into the effects of UVR (in particular, the highly mutagenic UVB wavelength) have, to date, mainly involved the use of cell culture and animal models. However, these models possess biological disparities to native skin, which, to some extent, have limited their relevance to the in vivo situation. To address this, we characterized a three-dimensional, tissue-engineered human skin equivalent (HSE) model (consisting of primary human keratinocytes cultured on a dermal-derived scaffold) as a representation of a more physiologically relevant platform to study keratinocyte responses to UVB. Significantly, we demonstrate that this model retains several important epidermal properties of native skin. Moreover, UVB irradiation of the HSE constructs was shown to induce key markers of photodamage in the HSE keratinocytes, including the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, the activation of apoptotic pathways, the accumulation of p53, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, we also demonstrate that the UVB-exposed HSE constructs retain the capacity for epidermal repair and regeneration after photodamage. Together, our results demonstrate the potential of this skin equivalent model as a tool to study various aspects of the acute responses of human keratinocytes to UVB radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Fernandez
- 1 Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation , Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Percoco G, Merle C, Jaouen T, Ramdani Y, Bénard M, Hillion M, Mijouin L, Lati E, Feuilloley M, Lefeuvre L, Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML. Antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines are differentially regulated across epidermal layers following bacterial stimuli. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:800-6. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Percoco
- Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (GlycoMEV) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4358; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- BIO-EC Laboratory; Longjumeau France
| | | | - Thomas Jaouen
- Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4312; University of Rouen; Evreux France
| | - Yasmina Ramdani
- Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (GlycoMEV) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4358; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- The Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN); Institute of research and biomedical innovation (IRIB); University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Mélanie Hillion
- Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4312; University of Rouen; Evreux France
| | - Lily Mijouin
- Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4312; University of Rouen; Evreux France
| | | | - Marc Feuilloley
- Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4312; University of Rouen; Evreux France
| | - Luc Lefeuvre
- Dermatological Laboratories of Uriage; Courbevoie France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (GlycoMEV) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4358; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- The Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN); Institute of research and biomedical innovation (IRIB); University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (GlycoMEV) Laboratory; UPRES EA 4358; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- The Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN); Institute of research and biomedical innovation (IRIB); University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
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The induction expression of human β-defensins in gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1415-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lee EO, Yang JH, Chang KA, Suh YH, Chong YH. Amyloid-β peptide-induced extracellular S100A9 depletion is associated with decrease of antimicrobial peptide activity in human THP-1 monocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:68. [PMID: 23721320 PMCID: PMC3693929 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S100A9 protein (myeloid-related protein MRP14, also referred to as calgranulin B) is a reliable marker of inflammation, an important proinflammatory factor of innate immunity and acts as an additional antimicrobial peptide in the innate immune system. Evidence indicates that S100A9 contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, although the precise mechanisms are not clear. Methods We were interested to study the mechanisms of S100A9 release upon Aβ1-42 stimulation, the potential roles of extracellular S100A9 depletion in Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, and the interaction with innate immune response in THP-1 monocytic cells that have been challenged with mostly Aβ1-42 monomers instead of oligomers. We used protein preparation, Ca2+ influx fluorescence imaging, MTT assay, siRNA knockdown, colony forming units (CFUs) assay and western blotting techniques to perform our study. Results Aβ1-42 monomers elicited a marked decrease of S100A9 release into the cell culture supernatant in a dose-dependent manner in human THP-1 monocytes. This reduction of S100A9 release was accompanied by an increase of intracellular Ca2+ level. Aβ1-42-mediated decrease of S100A9 release was not associated with Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity as measured by MTT reduction assay. This observation was confirmed with the recombinant S100A9, which had little effect on Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, depletion of S100A9 with siRNA did not significantly evoke the cell toxicity. On the other hand, Aβ1-42-induced extracellular S100A9 depletion resulted in decreased antimicrobial activity of the culture supernatant after Aβ1-42 stimulation. Immunodepletion of S100A9 with anti-S100A9 also decreased the antimicrobial peptide activity of the vehicle treated culture supernatant. Consistently, the recombinant S100A9 clearly elicited the antimicrobial peptide activity in vitro, confirming the observed antimicrobial activity of S100A9 in the culture supernatant. Conclusion Collectively, our findings suggest that the mostly monomeric form of Aβ1-42 negatively regulates the innate immune system by down-regulating the secretion of S100A9, which is likely a main mediator of antimicrobial activity in the conditioned media of human THP-1 monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ok Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mok-6-dong, Yangcheonku, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
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Bando M, Zou X, Hiroshima Y, Kataoka M, Ross KF, Shinohara Y, Nagata T, Herzberg MC, Kido JI. Mechanism of interleukin-1α transcriptional regulation of S100A9 in a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2013; 1829:954-62. [PMID: 23563247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
S100A9 is a calcium-binding protein and subunit of antimicrobial calprotectin complex (S100A8/A9). Produced by neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and keratinocytes, S100A9 expression increases in response to inflammation. For example, IL-1α produced by epithelial cells acts autonomously on the same cells to induce the expression of S100A8/A9 and cellular differentiation. Whereas it is well known that IL-1α and members of the IL-10 family of cytokines upregulate S100A8 and S100A9 in several cell lineages, the pathway and mechanism of IL-1α-dependent transcriptional control of S100A9 in epithelial cells are not established. Modeled using human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), IL-1α stimulated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and induced S100A9 expression, which was blocked by IL-1 receptor antagonist, RNAi suppression of p38, or a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Transcription of S100A9 in HaCaT cells depended on nucleotides -94 to -53 in the upstream promoter region, based upon the use of deletion constructs and luciferase reporter activity. Within the responsive promoter region, IL-1α increased the binding activity of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Mutated C/EBPβ binding sequences or C/EBPβ-specific siRNA inhibited the S100A9 transcriptional response. Hence, IL-1α is strongly suggested to increase S100A9 expression in a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line by signaling through the IL-1 receptor and p38 MAPK, increasing C/EBPβ-dependent transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Bando
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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de Oca EPM. Antimicrobial peptide elicitors: New hope for the post-antibiotic era. Innate Immun 2012; 19:227-41. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425912460708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides or host defense peptides are fundamental components of human innate immunity. Recent and growing evidence suggests they have a role in a broad range of diseases, including cancer, allergies and susceptibility to infection, including HIV/AIDS. Antimicrobial peptide elicitors (APEs) are physical, biological or chemical agents that boost human antimicrobial peptide expression. The current knowledge of APEs and their potential use in the treatment of human infectious diseases are reviewed, and a classification system for APEs is proposed. The efficient use of APEs in clinical practice could mark the beginning of the urgently needed post-antibiotic era, but further trials assessing their efficacy and safety are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biosecurity Area, CIATEJ – National Council of Science and Technology, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- In silico Laboratory, Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology Unit, CIATEJ – National Council of Science and Technology, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Jágr M, Eckhardt A, Pataridis S, Mikšík I. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:259-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jágr
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Adam Eckhardt
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Statis Pataridis
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
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36
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Kido J, Bando M, Hiroshima Y, Iwasaka H, Yamada K, Ohgami N, Nambu T, Kataoka M, Yamamoto T, Shinohara Y, Sagawa I, Nagata T. Analysis of proteins in human gingival crevicular fluid by mass spectrometry. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:488-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sorenson BS, Khammanivong A, Guenther BD, Ross KF, Herzberg MC. IL-1 receptor regulates S100A8/A9-dependent keratinocyte resistance to bacterial invasion. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:66-75. [PMID: 22031183 PMCID: PMC3476723 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that epithelial cells respond to exogenous interleukin (IL)-1α by increasing expression of several genes involved in the host response to microbes, including the antimicrobial protein complex calprotectin (S100A8/A9). Given that S100A8/A9 protects epithelial cells against invading bacteria, we studied whether IL-1α augments S100A8/A9-dependent resistance to bacterial invasion of oral keratinocytes. When inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, human buccal epithelial (TR146) cells expressed and released IL-1α. Subsequently, IL-1α-containing media from Listeria-infected cells increased S100A8/A9 gene expression in naïve TR146 cells an IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-dependent manner. Incubation with exogenous IL-1α decreased Listeria invasion into TR146 cells, whereas invasion increased with IL-1R antagonist. Conversely, when S100A8/A9 genes were knocked down using short hairpin RNA (shRNA), TR146 cells responded to exogenous IL-1α with increased intracellular bacteria. These data strongly suggest that infected epithelial cells release IL-1α to signal neighboring keratinocytes in a paracrine manner, promoting S100A8/A9-dependent resistance to invasive L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- BS Sorenson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - A Khammanivong
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - BD Guenther
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - KF Ross
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417
| | - MC Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417,Address correspondence to: Mark C. Herzberg, DDS, PhD, University of Minnesota, 17-164 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Phone: 612-625-8404, Fax: 612-626-2651,
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Khoo SK, Petillo D, Parida M, Tan AC, Resau JH, Obaro SK. Host response transcriptional profiling reveals extracellular components and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters gene enrichment in typhoid fever-infected Nigerian children. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:241. [PMID: 21914192 PMCID: PMC3189140 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a human-specific pathogen that causes typhoid fever, and remains a global health problem especially in developing countries. Its pathogenesis is complex and host response is poorly understood. In Africa, typhoid fever can be a major cause of morbidity in young infected children. The onset of the illness is insidious and clinical diagnosis is often unreliable. Gold standard blood culture diagnostic services are limited, thus rapid, sensitive, and affordable diagnostic test is essential in poor-resourced clinical settings. Routine typhoid fever vaccination is highly recommended but currently licensed vaccines provide only 55-75% protection. Recent epidemiological studies also show the rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant S. Typhi strains. High-throughput molecular technologies, such as microarrays, can dissect the molecular mechanisms of host responses which are S. Typhi-specific to provide a comprehensive genomic component of immunological responses and suggest new insights for diagnosis and treatment. Methods Global transcriptional profiles of S. Typhi-infected young Nigerian children were obtained from their peripheral blood and compared with that of other bacteremic infections using Agilent gene expression microarrays. The host-response profiles of the same patients in acute vs. convalescent phases were also determined. The top 96-100 differentially-expressed genes were identified and four genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Gene clusters were obtained and functional pathways were predicted by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery). Results Transcriptional profiles from S. Typhi-infected children could be distinguished from those of other bacteremic infections. Enriched gene clusters included genes associated with extracellular peptides/components such as lipocalin (LCN2) and systemic immune response which is atypical in bacterial invasion. Distinct gene expression profiles can also be obtained from acute vs. convalescent phase during typhoid fever infection. We found novel down-regulation of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters genes such as ABCA7, ABCC5, and ABCD4 and ATPase activity as the highest enriched pathway. Conclusions We identified unique extracellular components and ABC transporters gene enrichments in typhoid fever-infected Nigerian children, which have never been reported. These enriched gene clusters may represent novel targeted pathways to improve diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic and next-generation vaccine strategies for typhoid fever in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kean Khoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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