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Gao C, Zhao Y, Yang T, Gao X, Meng C. Duhuo Jisheng decoction alleviates neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain by suppressing microglial M1 polarization: a network pharmacology research. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:629. [PMID: 37635236 PMCID: PMC10463324 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is the most prevalent form of chronic pain resulting from nerve damage or injury. Despite the widespread use of Duhuo Jisheng decoction (DHJSD) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat chronic pain, the mechanism underlying its analgesic action remains unclear. METHODS Using network pharmacology, we obtained DHJSD and NP-related target information from public databases to construct protein-protein interactions (PPI) and compound-target networks based on common target genes. These networks were further analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). The interaction between molecules was verified through molecular docking using AutoDock Tools software. Additionally, we treated a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model with DHJSD and determined the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT). We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was employed to analyze ACHE, NOS2, MAPK3, PTGS2, AKT1, and PPARG mRNA expression, and immunofluorescence was used to evaluate changes in microglia. RESULTS Our screening of compounds and targets identified 252 potential targets of DHJSD associated with NP. PPI analysis, along with GO and KEGG analyses, revealed that the potential mechanism of DHJSD in NP treatment may be related to inflammatory reactions, the IL-17 signaling pathway, MAP kinase activity, and endocrine activity. Based on molecular docking, the core target showed significant affinity for DHJSD's active components. Moreover, DHJSD treatment repaired the CCI-induced inflammatory reaction in the spinal cord while regulating the expression of ACHE, NOS2, MAPK3, PTGS2, AKT1, and PPARG mRNA. Immunofluorescence results indicated that the active components of DHJSD may regulate microglial M1 polarization to improve neuroinflammation, PPARG may have been involved in the process. CONCLUSION The multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway actions of DHJSD provide new insights into its therapeutic mechanism in NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcan Gao
- Department of Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Yulong Zhao
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, 266071, China
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong Province, China.
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Peripheral Purinergic Modulation in Pediatric Orofacial Inflammatory Pain Affects Brainstem Nitroxidergic System: A Translational Research. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1326885. [PMID: 35309172 PMCID: PMC8933089 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1326885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Physiology of orofacial pain pathways embraces primary afferent neurons, pathologic changes in the trigeminal ganglion, brainstem nociceptive neurons, and higher brain function regulating orofacial nociception. The goal of this study was to investigate the nitroxidergic system alteration at brainstem level (spinal trigeminal nucleus), and the role of peripheral P2 purinergic receptors in an experimental mouse model of pediatric inflammatory orofacial pain, to increase knowledge and supply information concerning orofacial pain in children and adolescents, like pediatric dentists and pathologists, as well as oro-maxillo-facial surgeons, may be asked to participate in the treatment of these patients. The experimental animals were treated subcutaneously in the perioral region with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonic acid (PPADS), a P2 receptor antagonist, 30 minutes before formalin injection. The pain-related behavior and the nitroxidergic system alterations in the spinal trigeminal nucleus using immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis have been evaluated. The local administration of PPADS decreased the face-rubbing activity and the expression of both neuronal and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These results underline a relationship between orofacial inflammatory pain and nitroxidergic system in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and suggest a role of peripheral P2 receptors in trigeminal pain transmission influencing NO production at central level. In this way, orofacial pain physiology should be elucidated and applied to clinical practice in the future.
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de Brito RN, Ludtke DD, de Oliveira BH, de Oliveira Galassi T, Fernandes PF, Van Den Berge S, Salgado ASI, Cidral-Filho FJ, Horewicz VV, Bobinski F, Martins DF. Balneotherapy decreases mechanical hyperalgesia by reversing BDNF and NOS2 immunocontent in spinal cord of mice with neuropathic pain. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 348:577360. [PMID: 32862113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, balneotherapy or thermalism has been used for health promotion and in the treatment of inflammatory and chronic processes. We found that balneotherapy reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, as well the increase of BDNF and NOS2 levels in the spinal cord, while increased BDNF and NOS1 in the paw. The data presented herein demonstrated for the first time in a murine model of neuropathic pain, the analgesic effect of balneotherapy with the water from the natural springs of Santo Amaro da Imperatriz-Brazil. Nevertheless, future clinical trials should be conducted to test the effectiveness of balneotherapy in neuropathic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Nolasco de Brito
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniela D Ludtke
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Taynah de Oliveira Galassi
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paula Franson Fernandes
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sarah Van Den Berge
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Afonso Shiguemi Inoue Salgado
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Integrative Physical therapy Residency, Centro Universitário Filadélfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Cidral-Filho
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Verônica Vargas Horewicz
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Liu Q, Gao Z, Zhu X, Wu Z, Li D, He H, Huang F, Fan W. Changes in nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the trigeminal ganglion of rat following chronic tooth pulp inflammation. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:240-245. [PMID: 27687716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) possibly plays an important role in the events resulting in hyperalgesia. NO synthase (NOS) is a key enzyme in the production of NO. Changes in NOS expression in primary sensory neurons may be involved in the persistent sensory abnormalities that can be induced by inflammation. To assess the possible roles of NOS in trigeminal sensory system, we studied changes in the expression of NOS isoforms in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) following chronic inflammation after pulp exposure (PX) in rats. The neurons innervating injured tooth in the TG were labeled by fluoro-gold (FG). Immunohistochemical staining was used to reveal the presence of NOS. The results showed that within the FG-labeled population, neuron counts revealed a significant increase in the proportion of NOS neurons following PX, in which the frequency of iNOS and nNOS-positive neurons started to increase at 3 and 7day, respectively, and peaked at 28day. There was no eNOS expression observed in the control group and PX-treated groups. The results demonstrate that PX-induced chronic pulpal inflammation results in significant increase of nNOS and iNOS in the TG. It suggests that nNOS and iNOS could be involved in mediation of peripheral processing of nociceptive information following chronic tooth pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongpei Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ahlawat A, Rana A, Goyal N, Sharma S. Potential role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2014; 22:269-78. [PMID: 25095760 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-014-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain triggers a cascade of events in the sensory neurons. It is the main complication of diabetes after cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) produced from nitric oxide synthases (NOS) is an important signaling molecule which is crucial for many physiological processes such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, vasodilation, vascular homeostasis, immune regulation. Overproduction of NO due to changes in NOS isoforms level involves pathological processes such as neurotoxicity, septic shock and neuropathic pain. All three isoforms of NOS as well as their end product, NO have modulatory effect on neuropathic pain. Overactivation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor and peroxynitrite formation results in high levels of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) which suggest that nNOS and eNOS are critical for pain hypersensitivity. Inducible NOS induced in glia by inflammation due to activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α, Calcitonin Gene Regulating Peptide, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases, Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases can induce neuronal death. This review focuses on different nitric oxide synthases and their role in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain considering NOS as an important therapeutic target.
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