1
|
Lapirattanakul J, Nomura R, Okawa R, Morimoto S, Tantivitayakul P, Maudcheingka T, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Oral Lactobacilli Related to Caries Status of Children with Primary Dentition. Caries Res 2020; 54:194-204. [DOI: 10.1159/000506468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lactobacilli are members of a group of bacteria implicated in caries progression, although information regarding their transmission, colonization, and caries-associated species is not well established. This study isolated oral lactobacilli from a group of children with primary dentition for determination of Lactobacillus prevalence, detection of Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of caries initiation, and dental caries status of the children. Species of Lactobacillus isolates were determined from examination of 16S rDNA sequences. Subsequently, the most prevalent species was evaluated for involvement in caries status, and binding ability to type I collagen of all Lactobacillus isolates was determined in association with caries status. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of eleven loci was carried out to study strains of the predominant Lactobacillus sp. The detection of oral lactobacilli together with S. mutans was significantly associated with the highest dental caries indices, but there was no involvement of collagen-binding properties of Lactobacillus isolates in caries status. Lactobacillus fermentum was the most prevalent, and its presence was related to high scores of caries indices. MLST analysis of L. fermentum population could not specify a particular clone associated with caries status, but revealed sharing of identical L. fermentum strains among children in the same classrooms. Taken together, the data contributed useful information on the role of oral lactobacilli, in particular L. fermentum in dental caries.
Collapse
|
2
|
Oho T, Nagata E. DMBT1 involvement in the human aortic endothelial cell response to Streptococcus mutans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:108-117. [PMID: 30861638 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a causative organism of dental caries and has been reported to be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous studies have demonstrated that S. mutans invades human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and HAECs invaded by S. mutans produce higher levels of CVD-related cytokines than non-invaded HAECs. DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumors 1), also known as salivary agglutinin or gp-340, belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. DMBT1 is expressed in epithelial and non-epithelial tissues and has multiple functions. The interaction between S. mutans and DMBT1 has been demonstrated in cariogenesis, but DMBT1 involvement in CVD has not been examined. In this study, we investigated DMBT1 expression in HAECs stimulated with S. mutans and examined the role of DMBT1 in the interaction between S. mutans and HAECs. All of the tested S. mutans strains induced higher production levels of DMBT1 in HAECs than those in unstimulated HAECs. More S. mutans cells adhered to DMBT1 knock down HAECs than to DMBT1-producing HAECs. Invasion of DMBT1 knock down HAECs by S. mutans was stronger than that of DMBT1-producing HAECs, and externally added DMBT1 reduced bacterial invasion. Cytokine production by DMBT1 knock down HAECs by S. mutans stimulation was higher than that by DMBT1-producing HAECs. These phenomena seemed to be due to the effect of released DMBT1, namely, the inhibition of bacterial adherence to HAECs by DMBT1. These results suggest that DMBT1 plays a protective role against the S. mutans-induced CVD process in HAECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Oho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Nagata
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Avilés-Reyes A, Freires IA, Kajfasz JK, Barbieri D, Miller JH, Lemos JA, Abranches J. Whole genome sequence and phenotypic characterization of a Cbm + serotype e strain of Streptococcus mutans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:257-269. [PMID: 29524318 PMCID: PMC5945312 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the whole genome sequence of the serotype e Cbm+ strain LAR01 of Streptococcus mutans, a dental pathogen frequently associated with extra-oral infections. The LAR01 genome is a single circular chromosome of 2.1 Mb with a GC content of 36.96%. The genome contains 15 phosphotransferase system gene clusters, seven cell wall-anchored (LPxTG) proteins, all genes required for the development of natural competence and genes coding for mutacins VI and K8. Interestingly, the cbm gene is genetically linked to a putative type VII secretion system that has been found in Mycobacteria and few other Gram-positive bacteria. When compared with the UA159 type strain, phenotypic characterization of LAR01 revealed increased biofilm formation in the presence of either glucose or sucrose but similar abilities to withstand acid and oxidative stresses. LAR01 was unable to inhibit the growth of Strpetococcus gordonii, which is consistent with the genomic data that indicate absence of mutacins that can kill mitis streptococci. On the other hand, LAR01 effectively inhibited growth of other S. mutans strains, suggesting that it may be specialized to outcompete strains from its own species. In vitro and in vivo studies using mutational and heterologous expression approaches revealed that Cbm is a virulence factor of S. mutans by mediating binding to extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular invasion. Collectively, the whole genome sequence analysis and phenotypic characterization of LAR01 provides new insights on the virulence properties of S. mutans and grants further opportunities to understand the genomic fluidity of this important human pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Avilés-Reyes
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Irlan Almeida Freires
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jessica K. Kajfasz
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dicler Barbieri
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - James H. Miller
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - José A. Lemos
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jacqueline Abranches
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wagenknecht DR, BalHaddad AA, Gregory RL. Effects of Nicotine on Oral Microorganisms, Human Tissues, and the Interactions between Them. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nobbs
- a School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Avilés-Reyes A, Miller JH, Lemos JA, Abranches J. Collagen-binding proteins of Streptococcus mutans and related streptococci. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:89-106. [PMID: 26991416 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Streptococcus mutans to interact with collagen through the expression of collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) bestows this oral pathogen with an alternative to the sucrose-dependent mechanism of colonization classically attributed to caries development. Based on the abundance and distribution of collagen throughout the human body, stringent adherence to this molecule grants S. mutans with the opportunity to establish infection at different host sites. Surface proteins, such as SpaP, WapA, Cnm and Cbm, have been shown to bind collagen in vitro, and it has been suggested that these molecules play a role in colonization of oral and extra-oral tissues. However, robust collagen binding is not achieved by all strains of S. mutans, particularly those that lack Cnm or Cbm. These observations merit careful dissection of the contribution from these different CBPs towards tissue colonization and virulence. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of mechanisms used by S. mutans and related streptococci to colonize collagenous tissues, and the possible contribution of CBPs to infections in different sites of the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Avilés-Reyes
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J H Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J A Lemos
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Abranches
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Momeni SS, Whiddon J, Cheon K, Moser SA, Childers NK. Assessment of clonality and serotypes of Streptococcus mutans among children by multilocus sequence typing. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:416-24. [PMID: 26443288 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) have demonstrated that Streptococcus mutans isolates are genetically diverse. Our laboratory previously demonstrated clonality of S. mutans using MLST but could not discount the possibility of sampling bias. In this study, the clonality of randomly selected S. mutans plaque isolates from African-American children was examined using MLST. Serotype and the presence of collagen-binding proteins (CBPs) encoded by cnm/cbm were also assessed. One-hundred S. mutans isolates were randomly selected for MLST analysis. Sequence analysis was performed and phylogenetic trees were generated using start2 and mega. Thirty-four sequence types were identified, of which 27 were unique to this population. Seventy-five per cent of the isolates clustered into 16 clonal groups. The serotypes observed were c (n = 84), e (n = 3), and k (n = 11). The prevalence of S. mutans isolates of serotype k was notably high, at 17.5%. All isolates were cnm/cbm negative. The clonality of S. mutans demonstrated in this study illustrates the importance of localized population studies and are consistent with transmission. The prevalence of serotype k, a recently proposed systemic pathogen, observed in this study, is higher than reported in most populations and is the first report of S. mutans serotype k in a United States population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Momeni
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer Whiddon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kyounga Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Moser
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Noel K Childers
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lapirattanakul J, Nomura R, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Srisatjaluk R, Ooshima T, Nakano K. Variation of expression defects in cell surface 190-kDa protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:383-91. [PMID: 25792295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, which consists of four serotypes, c, e, f, and k, possesses a 190-kDa cell surface protein antigen (PA) for initial tooth adhesion. We used Western blot analysis to determine PA expression in 750 S. mutans isolates from 150 subjects and found a significantly higher prevalence of the isolates with PA expression defects in serotypes f and k compared to serotypes c and e. Moreover, the defect patterns could be classified into three types; no PA expression on whole bacterial cells and in their supernatant samples (Type N1), PA expression mainly seen in supernatant samples (Type N2), and only low expression of PA in the samples of whole bacterial cells (Type W). The underlying reasons for the defects were mutations in the gene encoding PA as well as in the transcriptional processing of this gene for Type N1, defects in the sortase gene for Type N2, and low mRNA expression of PA for Type W. Since cellular hydrophobicity and phagocytosis susceptibility of the PA-defective isolates were significantly lower than those of the normal expression isolates, the potential implication of such defective isolates in systemic diseases involving bacteremia other than dental caries was suggested. Additionally, multilocus sequence typing was utilized to characterize S. mutans clones that represented a proportion of isolates with PA defects of 65-100%. Therefore, we described the molecular basis for variation defects in PA expression of S. mutans. Furthermore, we also emphasized the strong association between PA expression defects and serotypes f and k as well as the clonal relationships among these isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Ooshima
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Avilés-Reyes A, Miller J, Simpson-Haidaris P, Lemos J, Abranches J. Cnm is a major virulence factor of invasiveStreptococcus mutansand part of a conserved three-gene locus. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Avilés-Reyes
- Center for Oral Biology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
| | - J.H. Miller
- Center for Oral Biology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
| | - P.J. Simpson-Haidaris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology Division; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
| | - J.A. Lemos
- Center for Oral Biology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
| | - J. Abranches
- Center for Oral Biology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Avilés-Reyes A, Miller JH, Simpson-Haidaris PJ, Lemos JA, Abranches J. Cnm is a major virulence factor of invasive Streptococcus mutans and part of a conserved three-gene locus. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013; 29:11-23. [PMID: 24103776 DOI: 10.1111/mom.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cnm, a collagen- and laminin-binding protein present in a subset of Streptococcus mutans strains, mediates binding to extracellular matrices (ECM), intracellular invasion and virulence in the Galleria mellonella model. Antibodies raised against Cnm were used to confirm expression and the cell surface localization of Cnm in the highly invasive OMZ175 strain. Sequence analysis identified two additional genes (cnaB and cbpA) encoding putative surface proteins immediately upstream of cnm. Inactivation of cnaB and cbpA in OMZ175, individually or in combination, did not decrease the ability of this highly invasive and virulent strain to bind to different ECM proteins, invade human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), or kill G. mellonella. Similarly, expression of cnaB and cbpA in the cnm(-) strain UA159 revealed that these genes did not enhance Cnm-related phenotypes. However, integration of cnm in the chromosome of UA159 significantly increased its ability to bind to collagen and laminin, invade HCAEC, and kill G. mellonella. Moreover, the presence of antibodies against Cnm nearly abolished the ability of OMZ175 to bind to collagen and laminin and invade HCAEC, and significantly protected G. mellonella against OMZ175 infection. We concluded that neither CnaB nor CbpA is necessary for the expression of Cnm-related traits. We also provided definitive evidence that Cnm is an important virulence factor and a suitable target for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat invasive S. mutans strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Avilés-Reyes
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|