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Okamoto M, Yamashita S, Memida T, Mendonca M, Brueckner S, Nakamura S, Shindo S, Achong-Bowe R, Thompson J, Han X, Kawai T, Suzuki M. Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models. J Vis Exp 2024:10.3791/66583. [PMID: 38738893 PMCID: PMC11221687 DOI: 10.3791/66583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical property, microhardness, is evaluated in dental enamel, dentin, and bone in oral disease models, including dental fluorosis and periodontitis. Micro-CT (µCT) provides 3D imaging information (volume and mineral density) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) produces microstructure images (enamel prism and bone lacuna-canalicular). Complementarily to structural analysis by µCT and SEM, microhardness is one of the informative parameters to evaluate how structural changes alter mechanical properties. Despite being a useful parameter, studies on microhardness of alveolar bone in oral diseases are limited. To date, divergent microhardness measurement methods have been reported. Since microhardness values vary depending on the sample preparation (polishing and flat surface) and indentation sites, diverse protocols can cause discrepancies among studies. Standardization of the microhardness protocol is essential for consistent and accurate evaluation in oral disease models. In the present study, we demonstrate a standardized protocol for microhardness analysis in tooth and alveolar bone. Specimens used are as follows: for the dental fluorosis model, incisors were collected from mice treated with/without fluoride-containing water for 6 weeks; for ligature-induced periodontal bone resorption (L-PBR) model, alveolar bones with periodontal bone resorption were collected from mice ligated on the maxillary 2nd molar. At 2 weeks after the ligation, the maxilla was collected. Vickers hardness was analyzed in these specimens according to the standardized protocol. The protocol provides detailed materials and methods for resin embedding, serial polishing, and indentation sites for incisors and alveolar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first standardized microhardness protocol to evaluate the mechanical properties of tooth and alveolar bone in rodent oral disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Okamoto
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Shohei Yamashita
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Takumi Memida
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Melanie Mendonca
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Susanne Brueckner
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Satoru Shindo
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Ria Achong-Bowe
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Jeffrey Thompson
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University;
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Tan L, Guo Y, Zhong MM, Zhao YQ, Zhao J, Aimee DM, Feng Y, Ye Q, Hu J, Ou-Yang ZY, Chen NX, Su XL, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Yuan H, Wang MY, Feng YZ, Zhang FY. Tooth ultrastructure changes induced by a nonsense mutation in the FAM83H gene: insights into the diversity of amelogenesis imperfecta. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6111-6123. [PMID: 37615776 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current research on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation sites at different positions of the FAM83H gene and their phenotypic changes leading to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is inconsistent. We identified a previously reported heterozygous nonsense mutation c.1192C>T (p.Q398*) in the FAM83H gene and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the dental ultrastructure and chemical composition changes induced by this mutation. Additionally, we predicted the protein feature affected by this mutation site. The aim was to further deepen our understanding of the diversity of AI caused by different mutation sites in the FAM83H gene. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the mutation sites. Physical features of the patient's teeth were investigated using various methods including cone beam computer tomography (CBCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact profilometry (roughness measurement), and a nanomechanical tester (nanoindentation measurement). The protein features of wild-type and mutant FAM83H were predicted using bioinformatics methods. RESULTS One previously discovered FAM83H heterozygous nonsense mutation c.1192C>T (p.Q398*) was detected in the patient. SEM revealed inconsistent dentinal tubules, and EDS showed that calcium and phosphorus were lower in the patient's dentin but higher in the enamel compared to the control tooth. Roughness measurements showed that AI patients' teeth had rougher occlusal surfaces than those of the control tooth. Nanoindentation measurements showed that the enamel and dentin hardness values of the AI patients' teeth were both significantly reduced compared to those of the control tooth. Compared to the wild-type FAM83H protein, the mutant FAM83H protein shows alterations in stability, hydrophobicity, secondary structure, and tertiary structure. These changes could underlie functional differences and AI phenotype variations caused by this mutation site. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the understanding of the effects of FAM83H mutations on tooth structure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study enhances our understanding of the genetic basis of AI and may contribute to improved diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies for patients with FAM83H-related AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Mei Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dusenge Marie Aimee
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yue Ou-Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Xin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Yuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng X, Huang W, He Z, Li Y, Li S, Song Y. Effects of Fam83h truncation mutation on enamel developmental defects in male C57/BL6J mice. Bone 2023; 166:116595. [PMID: 36272714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Truncation mutations in family with sequence similarity, member H (FAM83H) gene are considered the main cause of autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI); however, its pathogenic mechanism in amelogenesis remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the effects of truncated FAM83H on developmental defects in enamel. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to develop a novel Fam83h c.1186C > T (p.Q396*) knock-in mouse strain, homologous to the human FAM83H c.1192C > T mutation in ADHCAI. The Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice showed poor growth, a sparse and scruffy coat, scaly skin and early mortality compared to control mice. Moreover, the forelimbs of homozygous mice were swollen, exhibiting a significant inflammatory response. Incisors of Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice appeared chalky white, shorter, and less sharp than those of control mice, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and Prussian blue staining helped identify decreased iron and increased calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels, with an unchanged Ca/P ratio. The expression of iron transportation proteins, transferrin receptor (TFRC) and solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1), was decreased in Fam83h-mutated ameloblasts. Micro-computed tomography revealed enamel defects in Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice. Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ enamel showed decreased Vickers hardness and distorted enamel rod structure and ameloblast arrangement. mRNA sequencing showed that the cell adhesion pathway was most notably clustered in LS8-Fam83h-mutated cells. Immunofluorescence analysis further revealed decreased protein expression of desmoglein 3, a component of desmosomes, in Fam83h-mutated ameloblasts. The FAM83H-casein kinase 1α (CK1α)-keratin 14 (K14)-amelogenin (AMELX) interaction was detected in ameloblasts. And K14 and AMELX were disintegrated from the tetramer in Fam83h-mutated ameloblasts in vitro and in vivo. In secretory stage ameloblasts of Fam83hQ396⁎/Q396⁎ mice, AMELX secretion exhibited obvious retention in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, truncated FAM83H exerted dominant-negative effects on gross development, amelogenesis, and enamel biomineralization by disturbing iron transportation, influencing the transportation and secretion of AMELX, and interfering with cell-cell adhesion in ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wushuang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenru He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Inoue A, Kiyoshima T, Yoshizaki K, Nakatomi C, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H, Shin M, Gao J, Tsuru K, Okabe K, Nakamura I, Honda H, Matsuda M, Takahashi I, Jimi E. Deletion of epithelial cell-specific p130Cas impairs the maturation stage of amelogenesis. Bone 2022; 154:116210. [PMID: 34592494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis consists of secretory, transition, maturation, and post-maturation stages, and the morphological changes of ameloblasts at each stage are closely related to their function. p130 Crk-associated substrate (Cas) is a scaffold protein that modulates essential cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cytoskeletal changes, and polarization. The expression of p130Cas was observed from the secretory stage to the maturation stage in ameloblasts. Epithelial cell-specific p130Cas-deficient (p130CasΔepi-) mice exhibited enamel hypomineralization with chalk-like white mandibular incisors in young mice and attrition in aged mouse molars. A micro-computed tomography analysis and Vickers micro-hardness testing showed thinner enamel, lower enamel mineral density and hardness in p130CasΔepi- mice in comparison to p130Casflox/flox mice. Scanning electron microscopy, and an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated the disturbance of the enamel rod structure and lower Ca and P contents in p130CasΔepi- mice, respectively. The disorganized arrangement of ameloblasts, especially in the maturation stage, was observed in p130CasΔepi- mice. Furthermore, expression levels of enamel matrix proteins, such as amelogenin and ameloblastin in the secretory stage, and functional markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and iron accumulation, and Na+/Ca2++K+-exchanger in the maturation stage were reduced in p130CasΔepi- mice. These findings suggest that p130Cas plays important roles in amelogenesis (197 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan; Oral Medicine Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Section of Bioengineering, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Koji Okabe
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yugawara Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, 2-21-6 Chuo, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa 259-0396, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Lin S, Du J, Hao J, Luo X, Wu H, Zhang H, Zhao X, Xu L, Wang B. Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers Among FAM83 Family Genes in Human Ovarian Cancer Through Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Verification. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8611-8627. [PMID: 34815715 PMCID: PMC8604648 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s328851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Family with sequence similarity 83 (FAM83) is a newly discovered oncogene family, and the members of which can affect the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors via various mechanisms. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of FAM83 genes in ovarian cancer (OC) have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of FAM83 genes in OC. Materials and Methods We used a series of bioinformatics databases (Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Kaplan–Meier plotter, DAVID and TIMER) to investigate the expression status, prognostic value, genetic alteration and biological function of all eight FAM83 genes in OC. In addition, a tissue microarray cohort (TMA) comprising 99 ovarian tumor tissues and 19 normal ovarian tissues was used to validate the protein expression and clinicopathological significance of FAM83H. Results Several datasets demonstrated the mRNA levels of FAM83A/D/E/F/H were significantly higher in OC compared with that in normal tissue. Moreover, the upregulation of FAM83D/H has been mutually confirmed in the Oncomine and GEPIA datasets. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that the FAM83D/H upregulation could predict poor prognosis of OC patients who had shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, cBioportal analysis indicated that the genetic alterations of FAM83 genes might affect the survival outcomes of patients with OC. Furthermore, KEGG analysis suggested that FAM83D/H are involved in the progression of OC through the cell cycle signaling pathway, and they had significant co-expression relationship with cell cycle-related genes. Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the high expression of FAM83H protein in OC tissue, suggesting that its expression is positively correlated with the FIGO stage and pathological subtype of OC. Conclusion This study elucidated the expression status and prognostic value of FAM83 genes in OC and identified that FAM83D/H might be potential targets for the prognostic monitoring and targeted therapy of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochong Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Ovarian Malignant Tumor, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lida Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - BaoJin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Ovarian Malignant Tumor, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
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Nowwarote N, Osathanon T, Kanjana K, Theerapanon T, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Decreased osteogenic activity and mineralization of alveolar bone cells from a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta and FAM83H 1261G>T mutation. Genes Dis 2019; 6:391-397. [PMID: 31832519 PMCID: PMC6889029 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM83H mutations lead to autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI). However, the biological role of FAM83H remains unclear. The present study aimed to characterize the alveolar bone cells isolated from a patient with ADHCAI having the mutation, c.1261G > T, p.E421*, in FAM83H. We showed that FAM83H mutant cells had proliferation ability and morphology similar to the controls. The F-actin staining revealed that FAM83H mutant cells were remained in the earlier stages of cell spreading compared to the controls at 30 min, but their spreading was advanced comparable to the controls at later stages. After osteogenic induction, a significant decrease in mRNA levels of RUNX2 and ALP was observed in FAM83H mutant cells at day 7 compared with day 3 while their expressions were increased in the controls. The OPN levels in FAM83H mutant cells were not significantly changed at day 7 compared to day 3 while the controls showed a significant increase. After 14 days, the mineral deposition of FAM83H mutant cells was slightly lower than that of the controls. In conclusion, we identify that FAM83H bone cells have lower expression of osteogenic marker genes and mineralization while they maintain their morphology, proliferation, and spreading. Consistent with previous studies in the ameloblasts and periodontal ligamental cells, these evidences propose that FAM83H influences osteogenic differentiation across different cell types in oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kiattipan Kanjana
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Corresponding author. Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Fax: +662 218 8691.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Medical Genetics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Nowwarote N, Theerapanon T, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Amelogenesis imperfecta: A novel FAM83H mutation and characteristics of periodontal ligament cells. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1522-1531. [PMID: 29949226 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate orodental features, dental mineral density, genetic aetiology and cellular characteristics associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three affected patients in a family were recruited. Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify mutations confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The proband's teeth were subjected for mineral density analysis by microcomputerised tomography and characterisation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). RESULTS The patients presented yellow-brown, pitted and irregular enamel. A novel nonsense mutation, c.1261G>T, p.E421*, in exon 5 of the FAM83H was identified. The mineral density of the enamel was significantly decreased in the proband. The patient's PDLCs (FAM83H cells) exhibited reduced ability of cell proliferation and colony-forming unit compared with controls. The formation of stress fibres was remarkably present. Upon cultured in osteogenic induction medium, FAM83H cells, at day 7 compared to day 3, had a significant reduction of BSP, COL1 and OCN mRNA expression and no significant change in RUNX2. The upregulation of ALP mRNA levels and mineral deposition were comparable between FAM83H and control cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified the novel mutation in FAM83H associated with autosomal dominant hypocalcified AI. The FAM83H cells showed reduced cell proliferation and expression of osteogenic markers, suggesting altered PDLCs in FAM83H-associated AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Medical Genetics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yang M, Huang W, Yang F, Zhang T, Wang C, Song Y. Fam83h mutation inhibits the mineralization in ameloblasts by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:206-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Shi G, Zhou Y, Guo J, Yang Z, Lu Y, Song Y, Jia J. Immunohistochemical Localization of Fam83h During Fluorosis-induced Mouse Molar Development. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:663-671. [PMID: 29676651 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418772289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and pathological features of fluorosis are similar to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) caused by FAM83H mutations, suggesting that excess fluoride could have effects on the expression of Fam83h. Our previous study found that Fam83h was downregulated by fluorosis induction in ameloblasts; the purpose of this study was to underline the importance of understanding the relationship between fluoride administration and Fam83h expression in vivo. A total of 80 healthy female adult Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group or F group that induced the clinical features of fluorosis. Immunohistochemical staining on sections of the embryo mandible regions was performed at different developmental stages. Mouse primary ameloblast-like cells of the two groups at E13.5, E15.5, and E18.5 were cultured and examined for the expression of Fam83h. The expression of Fam83h in the F group was significantly lower than that in the control group; however, Fam83h was observed clearly in the whole enamel organ in the control group. Our findings shed new light on the potential effects of Fam83h in fluorosis using a mouse model and revealed that high fluoride decreased the expression of Fam83h. This may be one of the reasons for the occurrence of fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhongrui Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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10
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Xin W, Wenjun W, Man Q, Yuming Z. Novel FAM83H mutations in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6075. [PMID: 28729668 PMCID: PMC5519741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), characterized by a deficiency in the quantity and/or quality of dental enamel, is genetically heterogeneous and phenotypically variable. The most severe type, hypocalcified AI, is mostly caused by truncating mutations in the FAM83H gene. This study aimed to identify genetic mutations in four Chinese families with hypocalcified AI. We performed mutation analysis by sequencing the candidate FAM83H gene. Three novel mutations (c.931dupC, p.V311Rfs*13; c.1130_1131delinsAA, p.S377X; and c.1147 G > T, p.E383X) and one previously reported mutation (c.973 C > T, p.R325X) in the last exon of FAM83H gene were identified. Furthermore, constructs expressing Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged wild-type and three novel mutant FAM83Hs were transfected into rat dental epithelial cells (SF2 cells). Wild-type FAM83H-GFP was localized exclusively in the cytoplasm, especially in the area surrounding the nucleus, while the mutant FAM83H-GFPs (p.V311Rfs*13, p.S377X, and p.E383X) were localized predominantly in the nucleus, with lower levels in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wang Wenjun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qin Man
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhao Yuming
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
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11
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Huang W, Yang M, Wang C, Song Y. Evolutionary analysis of FAM83H in vertebrates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180360. [PMID: 28683132 PMCID: PMC5500323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a group of disorders causing abnormalities in enamel formation in various phenotypes. Many mutations in the FAM83H gene have been identified to result in autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta in different populations. However, the structure and function of FAM83H and its pathological mechanism have yet to be further explored. Evolutionary analysis is an alternative for revealing residues or motifs that are important for protein function. In the present study, we chose 50 vertebrate species in public databases representative of approximately 230 million years of evolution, including 1 amphibian, 2 fishes, 7 sauropsidas and 40 mammals, and we performed evolutionary analysis on the FAM83H protein. By sequence alignment, conserved residues and motifs were indicated, and the loss of important residues and motifs of five special species (Malayan pangolin, platypus, minke whale, nine-banded armadillo and aardvark) was discovered. A phylogenetic time tree showed the FAM83H divergent process. Positive selection sites in the C-terminus suggested that the C-terminus of FAM83H played certain adaptive roles during evolution. The results confirmed some important motifs reported in previous findings and identified some new highly conserved residues and motifs that need further investigation. The results suggest that the C-terminus of FAM83H contain key conserved regions critical to enamel formation and calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wushuang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changning Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Smith CEL, Poulter JA, Antanaviciute A, Kirkham J, Brookes SJ, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. Amelogenesis Imperfecta; Genes, Proteins, and Pathways. Front Physiol 2017; 8:435. [PMID: 28694781 PMCID: PMC5483479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is the name given to a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by inherited developmental enamel defects. AI enamel is abnormally thin, soft, fragile, pitted and/or badly discolored, with poor function and aesthetics, causing patients problems such as early tooth loss, severe embarrassment, eating difficulties, and pain. It was first described separately from diseases of dentine nearly 80 years ago, but the underlying genetic and mechanistic basis of the condition is only now coming to light. Mutations in the gene AMELX, encoding an extracellular matrix protein secreted by ameloblasts during enamel formation, were first identified as a cause of AI in 1991. Since then, mutations in at least eighteen genes have been shown to cause AI presenting in isolation of other health problems, with many more implicated in syndromic AI. Some of the encoded proteins have well documented roles in amelogenesis, acting as enamel matrix proteins or the proteases that degrade them, cell adhesion molecules or regulators of calcium homeostasis. However, for others, function is less clear and further research is needed to understand the pathways and processes essential for the development of healthy enamel. Here, we review the genes and mutations underlying AI presenting in isolation of other health problems, the proteins they encode and knowledge of their roles in amelogenesis, combining evidence from human phenotypes, inheritance patterns, mouse models, and in vitro studies. An LOVD resource (http://dna2.leeds.ac.uk/LOVD/) containing all published gene mutations for AI presenting in isolation of other health problems is described. We use this resource to identify trends in the genes and mutations reported to cause AI in the 270 families for which molecular diagnoses have been reported by 23rd May 2017. Finally we discuss the potential value of the translation of AI genetics to clinical care with improved patient pathways and speculate on the possibility of novel treatments and prevention strategies for AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E L Smith
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom.,Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - James A Poulter
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Section of Genetics, School of Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Brookes
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Mighell
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, St. James's University Hospital, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom.,Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of LeedsLeeds, United Kingdom
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13
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Inactivation of C4orf26 in toothless placental mammals. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 95:34-45. [PMID: 26596502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported inactivated copies of six enamel-related genes (AMBN, AMEL, AMTN, ENAM, KLK4, MMP20) and one dentin-related gene (DSPP) in one or more toothless vertebrates and/or vertebrates with enamelless teeth, thereby providing evidence that these genes are enamel or tooth-specific with respect to their critical functions that are maintained by natural selection. Here, we employ available genome sequences for edentulous and enamelless mammals to evaluate the enamel specificity of four genes (WDR72, SLC24A4, FAM83H, C4orf26) that have been implicated in amelogenesis imperfecta, a condition in which proper enamel formation is abrogated during tooth development. Coding sequences for WDR72, SCL24A4, and FAM83H are intact in four edentulous taxa (Chinese pangolin, three baleen whales) and three taxa (aardvark, nine-banded armadillo, Hoffmann's two-toed sloth) with enamelless teeth, suggesting that these genes have critical functions beyond their involvement in tooth development. By contrast, genomic data for C4orf26 reveal inactivating mutations in pangolin and bowhead whale as well as evidence for deletion of this gene in two minke whale species. Hybridization capture of exonic regions and PCR screens provide evidence for inactivation of C4orf26 in eight additional baleen whale species. However, C4orf26 is intact in all three species with enamelless teeth that were surveyed, as well as in 95 additional mammalian species with enamel-capped teeth. Estimates of selection intensity suggest that dN/dS ratios on branches leading to taxa with enamelless teeth are similar to the dN/dS ratio on branches leading to taxa with enamel-capped teeth. Based on these results, we conclude that C4orf26 is tooth-specific, but not enamel-specific, with respect to its essential functions that are maintained by natural selection. A caveat is that an alternative splice site variant, which translates exon 3 in a different reading frame, is putatively functional in Catarrhini and may have evolved an additional role in this primate clade.
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14
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Wang SK, Hu Y, Yang J, Smith CE, Richardson AS, Yamakoshi Y, Lee YL, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Gencay K, Lee M, Choi M, Kim JW, Hu JCC, Simmer JP. Fam83h null mice support a neomorphic mechanism for human ADHCAI. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 4:46-67. [PMID: 26788537 PMCID: PMC4707031 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Truncation mutations in FAM83H (family with sequence similarity 83, member H) cause autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI), but little is known about FAM83H function and the pathogenesis of ADHCAI. We recruited three ADHCAI families and identified two novel (p.Gln457*; p.Lys639*) and one previously documented (p.Q452*) disease‐causing FAM83H mutations. We generated and characterized Fam83h‐knockout/lacZ‐knockin mice. Surprisingly, enamel thickness, density, Knoop hardness, morphology, and prism patterns were similar in Fam83h+/+, Fam83h+/−, and Fam83h−/− mice. The histology of ameloblasts in all stages of development, in both molars and incisors, was virtually identical in all three genotypes and showed no signs of pathology, although the Fam83h−/− mice usually died after 2 weeks and rarely survived to 7 weeks. LacZ expression in the knockin mice was used to report Fam83h expression in the epithelial tissues of many organs, notably in skin and hair follicles, which manifested a disease phenotype. Pull‐down studies determined that FAM83H dimerizes through its N‐terminal phospholipase D‐like (PLD‐like) domain and identified potential FAM83H interacting proteins. Casein kinase 1 (CK1) interacts with the FAM83H PLD‐like domain via an F270‐X‐X‐X‐F274‐X‐X‐X‐F278 motif. CK1 can phosphorylate FAM83H in vitro, and many phosphorylation sites were identified in the FAM83H C‐terminus. Truncation of FAM83H alters its subcellular localization and that of CK1. Our results support the conclusion that FAM83H is not necessary for proper dental enamel formation in mice, but may act as a scaffold protein that localizes CK1. ADHCAI is likely caused by gain‐of‐function effects mediated by truncated FAM83H, which potentially mislocalizes CK1 as part of its pathological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl. Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl. Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Pl.Ann ArborMichigan48108; Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool and Hospital of StomatologyPeking University22 South Avenue ZhongguancunHaidian DistrictBeijing100081China
| | - Charles E Smith
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry McGill University 3640 University Street Montreal Quebec H3A 2C7 Canada
| | - Amelia S Richardson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl. Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Dental Medicine Tsurumi University 2-1-3 Tsurumi Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-8501 Japan
| | - Yuan-Ling Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Chang-Te St Taipei 10048 Taiwan
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Koray Gencay
- Department of Pedodontics Faculty of Dentistry Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine 275-1 Yongon-dong Chongno-gu Seoul 110-768 Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine 275-1 Yongon-dong Chongno-gu Seoul 110-768 Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute School of Dentistry Seoul National University 275-1 Yongon-dong Chongno-gu Seoul 110-768 Korea
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl. Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Pl. Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
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15
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Novel missense mutation of the FAM83H gene causes retention of amelogenin and a mild clinical phenotype of hypocalcified enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1356-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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POURHASHEMI SJ, GHANDEHARI MOTLAGH M, MEIGHANI G, EBRAHIMI TAKALOO A, MANSOURI M, MOHANDES F, MIRZAII M, KHOSHZABAN A, MOSHTAGHI F, ABEDKHOJASTEH H, HEIDARI M. Missense Mutation in Fam83H Gene in Iranian Patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 43:1680-7. [PMID: 26171361 PMCID: PMC4499090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a disorder of tooth development where there is an abnormal formation of enamel or the external layer of teeth. The aim of this study was to screen mutations in the four most important candidate genes, ENAM, KLK4, MMP20 and FAM83H responsible for amelogenesis imperfect. METHODS Geneomic DNA was isolated from five Iranian families with 22 members affected with enamel malformations. The PCR amplifications were typically carried out for amplification the coding regions for AI patients and unaffected family members. The PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing. The pedigree analysis was performed using Cyrillic software. RESULTS One family had four affected members with autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHPCAI); pedigree analysis revealed four consanguineous families with 18 patients with autosomal recessive hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (ARHPAI). One non-synonymous single-nucleotide substitution, c.1150T>A, p. Ser 342Thr was identified in the FAM83H, which resulted in ADHCAI. Furthermore, different polymorphisms or unclassified variants were detected in MMP20, ENAM and KLK4. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with other studies and provide further evidence for pathogenic mutations of FAM83H gene. These findings suggest different loci and genes could be implicated in the pathogenesis of AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jalal POURHASHEMI
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem MEIGHANI
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa MANSOURI
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh MOHANDES
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam MIRZAII
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad KHOSHZABAN
- Dept. Bio Dental Materials, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak MOSHTAGHI
- Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda ABEDKHOJASTEH
- Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour HEIDARI
- Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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17
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Pugach MK, Gibson CW. Analysis of enamel development using murine model systems: approaches and limitations. Front Physiol 2014; 5:313. [PMID: 25278900 PMCID: PMC4166228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary goal of enamel research is to understand and potentially treat or prevent enamel defects related to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Rodents are ideal models to assist our understanding of how enamel is formed because they are easily genetically modified, and their continuously erupting incisors display all stages of enamel development and mineralization. While numerous methods have been developed to generate and analyze genetically modified rodent enamel, it is crucial to understand the limitations and challenges associated with these methods in order to draw appropriate conclusions that can be applied translationally, to AI patient care. We have highlighted methods involved in generating and analyzing rodent enamel and potential approaches to overcoming limitations of these methods: (1) generating transgenic, knockout, and knockin mouse models, and (2) analyzing rodent enamel mineral density and functional properties (structure and mechanics) of mature enamel. There is a need for a standardized workflow to analyze enamel phenotypes in rodent models so that investigators can compare data from different studies. These methods include analyses of gene and protein expression, developing enamel histology, enamel pigment, degree of mineralization, enamel structure, and mechanical properties. Standardization of these methods with regard to stage of enamel development and sample preparation is crucial, and ideally investigators can use correlative and complementary techniques with the understanding that developing mouse enamel is dynamic and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Pugach
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn W Gibson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Simmer JP, Richardson AS, Wang SK, Reid BM, Bai Y, Hu Y, Hu JCC. Ameloblast transcriptome changes from secretory to maturation stages. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55 Suppl 1:29-32. [PMID: 25158176 PMCID: PMC4252044 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2014.923862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the major molecular components in the secretory and maturation stages of amelogenesis through transcriptome analyses. Ameloblasts (40 sections per age group) were laser micro-dissected from Day 5 (secretory stage) and Days 11-12 (maturation stage) first molars. PolyA+ RNA was isolated from the lysed cells, converted to cDNA, and amplified to generate a cDNA library. DNA sequences were obtained using next generation sequencing and analyzed to identify genes whose expression had increased or decreased at least 1.5-fold in maturation stage relative to secretory stage ameloblasts. Among the 9198 genes that surpassed the quality threshold, 373 showed higher expression in secretory stage, while 614 genes increased in maturation stage ameloblasts. The results were cross-checked against a previously published transcriptome generated from tissues overlying secretory and maturation stage mouse incisor enamel and 34 increasing and 26 decreasing expressers common to the two studies were identified. Expression of F2r, which encodes protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) that showed 10-fold higher expression during the secretory stage in our transcriptome analysis, was characterized in mouse incisors by immunohistochemistry. PAR1 was detected in secretory, but not maturation stage ameloblasts. We conclude that transcriptome analyses are a good starting point for identifying genes/proteins that are critical for proper dental enamel formation and that PAR1 is specifically expressed by secretory stage ameloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amelia S. Richardson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bryan M. Reid
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yongsheng Bai
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jan C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Kim J, Seymen F, Lee K, Ko J, Yildirim M, Tuna E, Gencay K, Shin T, Kyun H, Simmer J, Hu JC. LAMB3 mutations causing autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta. J Dent Res 2013; 92:899-904. [PMID: 23958762 PMCID: PMC3775375 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513502054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) can be either isolated or part of a larger syndrome. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a collection of autosomal-recessive disorders featuring AI associated with skin fragility and other symptoms. JEB is a recessive syndrome usually caused by mutations in both alleles of COL17A1, LAMA3, LAMB3, or LAMC2. In rare cases, heterozygous carriers in JEB kindreds display enamel malformations in the absence of skin fragility (isolated AI). We recruited two kindreds with autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta (ADAI) characterized by generalized severe enamel hypoplasia with deep linear grooves and pits. Whole-exome sequencing of both probands identified novel heterozygous mutations in the last exon of LAMB3 that likely truncated the protein. The mutations perfectly segregated with the enamel defects in both families. In Family 1, an 8-bp deletion (c.3446_3453del GACTGGAG) shifted the reading frame (p.Gly 1149Glufs*8). In Family 2, a single nucleotide substitution (c.C3431A) generated an in-frame translation termination codon (p.Ser1144*). We conclude that enamel formation is particularly sensitive to defects in hemidesmosome/basement-membrane complexes and that syndromic and non-syndromic forms of AI can be etiologically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.W. Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
| | - F. Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K.E. Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
| | - J. Ko
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
| | - M. Yildirim
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E.B. Tuna
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K. Gencay
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T.J. Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
| | - H.K. Kyun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
| | - J.P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan Dental Research Laboratory, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - J.C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan Dental Research Laboratory, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
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