1
|
Schreiber T, Prange A, Schäfer P, Iwen T, Grützner R, Marillonnet S, Lepage A, Javelle M, Paul W, Tissier A. Efficient scar-free knock-ins of several kilobases in plants by engineered CRISPR-Cas endonucleases. Mol Plant 2024:S1674-2052(24)00086-8. [PMID: 38520090 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In plants and mammals, non-homologous end-joining is the dominant pathway to repair DNA double-strand breaks, making it challenging to generate knock-in events. In this study, we identified two groups of exonucleases from the herpes virus and the bacteriophage T7 families that conferred an up to 38-fold increase in homology-directed repair frequencies when fused to Cas9/Cas12a in a tobacco mosaic virus-based transient assay in Nicotiana benthamiana. We achieved precise and scar-free insertion of several kilobases of DNA both in transient and stable transformation systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana, fusion of Cas9 to a herpes virus family exonuclease led to 10-fold higher frequencies of knock-ins in the first generation of transformants. In addition, we demonstrated stable and heritable knock-ins in wheat in 1% of the primary transformants. Taken together, our results open perspectives for the routine production of heritable knock-in and gene replacement events in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Schreiber
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Prange
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Petra Schäfer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Iwen
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ramona Grützner
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Aurélie Lepage
- Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, CS 90126, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Marie Javelle
- Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, CS 90126, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Wyatt Paul
- Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, CS 90126, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tadenev ALD, Hatton CL, Pattavina B, Mullins T, Schneider R, Bogdanik LP, Burgess RW. Two new mouse models of Gjb1-associated Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1X. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:317-328. [PMID: 37551045 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1X is caused by mutations in GJB1, which is the second most common gene associated with inherited peripheral neuropathy. The GJB1 gene encodes connexin 32 (CX32), a gap junction protein expressed in myelinating glial cells. The gene is X-linked, and the mutations cause a loss of function. AIMS A large number of disease-associated variants have been identified, and many result in mistrafficking and mislocalization of the protein. An existing knockout mouse lacking Gjb1 expression provides a valid animal model of CMT1X, but the complete lack of protein may not fully recapitulate the disease mechanisms caused by aberrant CX32 proteins. To better represent the spectrum of human CMT1X-associated mutations, we have generated a new Gjb1 knockin mouse model. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to produce mice carrying the R15Q mutation in Gjb1. In addition, we identified a second allele with an early frame shift mutation in codon 7 (del2). Mice were analyzed using clinically relevant molecular, histological, neurophysiological, and behavioral assays. RESULTS Both alleles produce protein detectable by immunofluorescence in Schwann cells, with some protein properly localizing to nodes of Ranvier. However, both alleles also result in peripheral neuropathy with thinly myelinated and demyelinated axons, as well as degenerating and regenerating axons, predominantly in distal motor nerves. Nerve conduction velocities were only mildly reduced at later ages and compound muscle action potential amplitudes were not reduced. Levels of neurofilament light chain in plasma were elevated in both alleles. The del2 mice have an onset at ~3 months of age, whereas the R15Q mice had a later onset at 5-6 months of age, suggesting a milder loss of function. Both alleles performed comparably to wild type littermates in accelerating rotarod and grip strength tests of neuromuscular performance. INTERPRETATION We have generated and characterized two new mouse models of CMT1X that will be useful for future mechanistic and preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C L Hatton
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - B Pattavina
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - T Mullins
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - R Schneider
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bossert JM, Mejias-Aponte CA, Saunders T, Altidor L, Emery M, Fredriksson I, Batista A, Claypool SM, Caldwell KE, Reiner DJ, Chow JJ, Foltz M, Kumar V, Seasholtz A, Hughes E, Filipiak W, Harvey BK, Richie CT, Vautier F, Gomez JL, Michaelides M, Kieffer BL, Watson SJ, Akil H, Shaham Y. Effect of Selective Lesions of Nucleus Accumbens µ-Opioid Receptor-Expressing Cells on Heroin Self-Administration in Male and Female Rats: A Study with Novel Oprm1-Cre Knock-in Rats. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1692-1713. [PMID: 36717230 PMCID: PMC10010456 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2049-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit mechanisms of MOR-expressing cells are less known because of a lack of genetic tools to selectively manipulate them. We introduce a CRISPR-based Oprm1-Cre knock-in transgenic rat that provides cell type-specific genetic access to MOR-expressing cells. After performing anatomic and behavioral validation experiments, we used the Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats to study the involvement of NAc MOR-expressing cells in heroin self-administration in male and female rats. Using RNAscope, autoradiography, and FISH chain reaction (HCR-FISH), we found no differences in Oprm1 expression in NAc, dorsal striatum, and dorsal hippocampus, or MOR receptor density (except dorsal striatum) or function between Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats and wildtype littermates. HCR-FISH assay showed that iCre is highly coexpressed with Oprm1 (95%-98%). There were no genotype differences in pain responses, morphine analgesia and tolerance, heroin self-administration, and relapse-related behaviors. We used the Cre-dependent vector AAV1-EF1a-Flex-taCasp3-TEVP to lesion NAc MOR-expressing cells. We found that the lesions decreased acquisition of heroin self-administration in male Oprm1-Cre rats and had a stronger inhibitory effect on the effort to self-administer heroin in female Oprm1-Cre rats. The validation of an Oprm1-Cre knock-in rat enables new strategies for understanding the role of MOR-expressing cells in rat models of opioid addiction, pain-related behaviors, and other opioid-mediated functions. Our initial mechanistic study indicates that lesioning NAc MOR-expressing cells had different effects on heroin self-administration in male and female rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit mechanisms of MOR-expressing cells are less known because of a lack of genetic tools to selectively manipulate them. We introduce a CRISPR-based Oprm1-Cre knock-in transgenic rat that provides cell type-specific genetic access to brain MOR-expressing cells. After performing anatomical and behavioral validation experiments, we used the Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats to show that lesioning NAc MOR-expressing cells had different effects on heroin self-administration in males and females. The new Oprm1-Cre rats can be used to study the role of brain MOR-expressing cells in animal models of opioid addiction, pain-related behaviors, and other opioid-mediated functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bossert
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Carlos A Mejias-Aponte
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Lindsay Altidor
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Ida Fredriksson
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Ashley Batista
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Sarah M Claypool
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Kiera E Caldwell
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - David J Reiner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Jonathan J Chow
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Vivek Kumar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104
| | | | | | | | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Francois Vautier
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Juan L Gomez
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- University of Strasbourg-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Strasbourg, France, 67084
| | | | - Huda Akil
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melzi E, Willis JR, Ma KM, Lin YC, Kratochvil S, Berndsen ZT, Landais EA, Kalyuzhniy O, Nair U, Warner J, Steichen JM, Kalyuzhniy A, Le A, Pecetta S, Perez M, Kirsch K, Weldon SR, Falcone S, Himansu S, Carfi A, Sok D, Ward AB, Schief WR, Batista FD. Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice. Immunity 2022; 55:2168-2186.e6. [PMID: 36179690 PMCID: PMC9671093 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is the core of HIV vaccine design. bnAbs specific to the V2-apex region of the HIV envelope acquire breadth and potency with modest somatic hypermutation, making them attractive vaccination targets. To evaluate Apex germline-targeting (ApexGT) vaccine candidates, we engineered knockin (KI) mouse models expressing the germline B cell receptor (BCR) of the bnAb PCT64. We found that high affinity of the ApexGT immunogen for PCT64-germline BCRs was necessary to specifically activate KI B cells at human physiological frequencies, recruit them to germinal centers, and select for mature bnAb mutations. Relative to protein, mRNA-encoded membrane-bound ApexGT immunization significantly increased activation and recruitment of PCT64 precursors to germinal centers and lowered their affinity threshold. We have thus developed additional models for HIV vaccine research, validated ApexGT immunogens for priming V2-apex bnAb precursors, and identified mRNA-LNP as a suitable approach to substantially improve the B cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Melzi
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jordan R Willis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Krystal M Ma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ying-Cing Lin
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zachary T Berndsen
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elise A Landais
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Usha Nair
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Warner
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anton Kalyuzhniy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amber Le
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simone Pecetta
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Manfredo Perez
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathrin Kirsch
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Facundo D Batista
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han Q, Yan X, Ye Y, Han L, Ma X, Wang T, Cao D, Zhang WJ. ZBTB20 Regulates Prolactin Expression and Lactotrope Function in Adult Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6775161. [PMID: 36288554 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactotropes are prolactin (PRL)-secreting endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary. We have established the zinc finger protein ZBTB20 as an essential transcription factor for lactotrope specification, the disruption of which results in complete loss of lactotropes in mice. However, the potential role of ZBTB20 in mature lactotropes remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that ZBTB20 acts as a critical cell-autonomous regulator for PRL expression in mature lactotropes in adult mice. Via a CRISPR/Cas9 approach, we first generated a tamoxifen-inducible Prl-CreER knockin mouse line that could efficiently mediate gene recombination specifically in lactotropes. Conditional deletion of the Zbtb20 gene specifically in mature lactotropes at adulthood led to a substantial decrease in PRL levels both in the pituitary and in plasma, without significant alterations of lactotrope relative density in the pituitary from male or female mice. Furthermore, conditional disruption of Zbtb20 in adult female mice did not significantly change pregnancy-elicited lactotrope expansion, but caused an impaired mammary gland expansion and lactation due to the PRL defect. Thus, our data point to an important role of ZBTB20 in regulating PRL expression and lactotrope function at adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuede Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yufei Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linhui Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianhua Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiping J Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kath J, Du W, Pruene A, Braun T, Thommandru B, Turk R, Sturgeon ML, Kurgan GL, Amini L, Stein M, Zittel T, Martini S, Ostendorf L, Wilhelm A, Akyüz L, Rehm A, Höpken UE, Pruß A, Künkele A, Jacobi AM, Volk HD, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Stripecke R, Reinke P, Wagner DL. Pharmacological interventions enhance virus-free generation of TRAC-replaced CAR T cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:311-330. [PMID: 35573047 PMCID: PMC9062427 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells are potent therapeutic options against hematological malignancies. The current dominant manufacturing approach for CAR T cells depends on retroviral transduction. With the advent of gene editing, insertion of a CD19-CAR into the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha constant (TRAC) locus using adeno-associated viruses for gene transfer was demonstrated, and these CD19-CAR T cells showed improved functionality over their retrovirally transduced counterparts. However, clinical-grade production of viruses is complex and associated with extensive costs. Here, we optimized a virus-free genome-editing method for efficient CAR insertion into the TRAC locus of primary human T cells via nuclease-assisted homology-directed repair (HDR) using CRISPR-Cas and double-stranded template DNA (dsDNA). We evaluated DNA-sensor inhibition and HDR enhancement as two pharmacological interventions to improve cell viability and relative CAR knockin rates, respectively. While the toxicity of transfected dsDNA was not fully prevented, the combination of both interventions significantly increased CAR knockin rates and CAR T cell yield. Resulting TRAC-replaced CD19-CAR T cells showed antigen-specific cytotoxicity and cytokine production in vitro and slowed leukemia progression in a xenograft mouse model. Amplicon sequencing did not reveal significant indel formation at potential off-target sites with or without exposure to DNA-repair-modulating small molecules. With TRAC-integrated CAR+ T cell frequencies exceeding 50%, this study opens new perspectives to exploit pharmacological interventions to improve non-viral gene editing in T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kath
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weijie Du
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Pruene
- Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Clinics of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig Region, Germany
| | - Tobias Braun
- Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Clinics of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig Region, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Turk
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | | | - Gavin L. Kurgan
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Leila Amini
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Stein
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatiana Zittel
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefania Martini
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Armin Rehm
- Department of Translational Tumorimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta E. Höpken
- Department of Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Pruß
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Clinics of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig Region, Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine, Cancer Center Cologne Essen, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios L. Wagner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author Dimitrios Laurin Wagner, MD, PhD, Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gu X, Richman J, Langfelder P, Wang N, Zhang S, Bañez-Coronel M, Wang HB, Yang L, Ramanathan L, Deng L, Park CS, Choi CR, Cantle JP, Gao F, Gray M, Coppola G, Bates GP, Ranum LPW, Horvath S, Colwell CS, Yang XW. Uninterrupted CAG repeat drives striatum-selective transcriptionopathy and nuclear pathogenesis in human Huntingtin BAC mice. Neuron 2022; 110:1173-1192.e7. [PMID: 35114102 PMCID: PMC9462388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In Huntington's disease (HD), the uninterrupted CAG repeat length, but not the polyglutamine length, predicts disease onset. However, the underlying pathobiology remains unclear. Here, we developed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice expressing human mutant huntingtin (mHTT) with uninterrupted, and somatically unstable, CAG repeats that exhibit progressive disease-related phenotypes. Unlike prior mHTT transgenic models with stable, CAA-interrupted, polyglutamine-encoding repeats, BAC-CAG mice show robust striatum-selective nuclear inclusions and transcriptional dysregulation resembling those in murine huntingtin knockin models and HD patients. Importantly, the striatal transcriptionopathy in HD models is significantly correlated with their uninterrupted CAG repeat length but not polyglutamine length. Finally, among the pathogenic entities originating from mHTT genomic transgenes and only present or enriched in the uninterrupted CAG repeat model, somatic CAG repeat instability and nuclear mHTT aggregation are best correlated with early-onset striatum-selective molecular pathogenesis and locomotor and sleep deficits, while repeat RNA-associated pathologies and repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation may play less selective or late pathogenic roles, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Gu
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Richman
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Langfelder
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monica Bañez-Coronel
- Center for Neurogenetics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Huei-Bin Wang
- Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lalini Ramanathan
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linna Deng
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chang Sin Park
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R Choi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cantle
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Gray
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gillian P Bates
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura P W Ranum
- Center for Neurogenetics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, Norman Fixel Institute of Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han B, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Krueger CJ, Bi X, Zhu Z, Tong X, Zhang B. ErCas12a and T5exo-ErCas12a Mediate Simple and Efficient Genome Editing in Zebrafish. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11030411. [PMID: 35336785 PMCID: PMC8945719 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary CRISPR/Cas9 enables efficient mutagenesis and generation of various knockout and knockin alleles in many species including zebrafish. However, the application of the Cas12a nuclease in zebrafish is far from ideal due to demanding experimental conditions, especially the requirements for delivery such as a purified protein and the heatshock of embryos. Here we show that ErCas12a, the only Cas12a reported to be effective when injected as mRNA in zebrafish, is highly efficient for large fragment knockin via either microhomology-mediated or non-homologous end joining pathways with mild heatshock conditions. Moreover, we fused T5 exonuclease to ErCas12a and found that the fusion protein could efficiently induce gene knockout and knockin without heatshock. Therefore, we demonstrated the efficacy of multiple genome-editing applications using ErCas12a and its variant with simplified conditions in zebrafish. Abstract In zebrafish, RNA-guided endonucleases such as Cas9 have enabled straightforward gene knockout and the construction of reporter lines or conditional alleles via targeted knockin strategies. However, the performance of another commonly used CRISPR system, Cas12a, is significantly limited due to both the requirement of delivery as purified protein and the necessity of heatshock of injected embryos. To explore the potential of CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated genome editing and simplify its application in zebrafish, we took advantage of the recently reported mRNA-active ErCas12a and investigated its efficacy for the knockin of large DNA fragments, such as fluorescent reporter genes. For knockin via either microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways, ErCas12a-injected embryos with a brief heatshock displayed comparable knockin efficiency with Cas9 injection. Through the fusion of T5 exonuclease (T5exo) to the N-terminus of ErCas12a (T5exo-ErCas12a), we further demonstrated high efficiency gene knockout and knockin at a normal incubation temperature, eliminating the embryo-damaging heatshock step. In summary, our results demonstrate the feasibility of ErCas12a- and T5exo-ErCas12a-mediated genome manipulation under simplified conditions, and further expand the genome editing toolbox for various applications in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhou Han
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Yage Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Biao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Christopher J. Krueger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Xuetong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiangjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (B.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (X.B.); (Z.Z.); (X.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chenouard V, Remy S, Tesson L, Ménoret S, Ouisse LH, Cherifi Y, Anegon I. Advances in Genome Editing and Application to the Generation of Genetically Modified Rat Models. Front Genet 2021; 12:615491. [PMID: 33959146 PMCID: PMC8093876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific nucleases has accelerated their generation in recent years. This review covers the techniques and advances used to generate genetically engineered rat lines and their application to the development of rat models more broadly, such as conditional knockouts and reporter gene strains. In addition, genome-editing techniques that remain to be explored in the rat are discussed. The review also focuses more particularly on two areas in which extensive work has been done: human genetic diseases and immune system analysis. Models are thoroughly described in these two areas and highlight the competitive advantages of rat models over available corresponding mouse versions. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the advantages and potential of rat models for addressing specific scientific questions and to characterize the best genome-engineering tools for developing new projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chenouard
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure-Hélène Ouisse
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ignacio Anegon
- CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hyodo T, Rahman ML, Karnan S, Ito T, Toyoda A, Ota A, Wahiduzzaman M, Tsuzuki S, Okada Y, Hosokawa Y, Konishi H. Tandem Paired Nicking Promotes Precise Genome Editing with Scarce Interference by p53. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1195-1207.e7. [PMID: 31995758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted knockin mediated by double-stranded DNA cleavage is accompanied by unwanted insertions and deletions (indels) at on-target and off-target sites. A nick-mediated approach scarcely generates indels but exhibits reduced efficiency of targeted knockin. Here, we demonstrate that tandem paired nicking, a method for targeted knockin involving two Cas9 nickases that create nicks at the homologous regions of the donor DNA and the genome in the same strand, scarcely creates indels at the edited genomic loci, while permitting the efficiency of targeted knockin largely equivalent to that of the Cas9-nuclease-based approach. Tandem paired nicking seems to accomplish targeted knockin by DNA recombination analogous to Holliday's model and creates intended genomic changes without introducing additional nucleotide changes, such as silent mutations. Targeted knockin through tandem paired nicking neither triggers significant p53 activation nor occurs preferentially in p53-suppressed cells. These properties of tandem paired nicking demonstrate its utility in precision genome engineering.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dong W, Zhang L, Sun C, Gao X, Guan F, Li J, Chen W, Ma Y, Zhang L. Knock in of a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene induces ALS in rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:237-244. [PMID: 33024945 PMCID: PMC7529333 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in the human open reading frame 72 on chromosome 9, C9orf72, is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Studies in transgenic mouse models have linked the pathogenic mechanism of G4C2 repeat expansion to RNA foci or the accumulation of unnatural dipeptide repeats in neurons. However, only one of the existing transgenic mouse lines developed typical ALS. METHODS C9orf72 knockin rats were generated by knockin of 80 G4C2 repeats with human flanking fragments within exon1a and exon1b at the rat C9orf72 locus. Protein expression was detected by western blot. Motor coordination and grip force were measured using a Rotarod test and a grip strength test. Neurodegeneration was assessed by Nissl staining with cresyl violet. RESULTS C9orf72 haploinsufficiency reduced C9orf72 protein expression 40% in the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cords from knockin rats (P < .05). The knockin (KI) rats developed motor deficits from 4 months of age. Their falling latencies and grip force were decreased by 67% (P < .01) and 44% (P < .01), respectively, at 12 months of age compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The knockin of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) caused a 47% loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord (P < .001) and 25% (5/20) of female KI rats developed hind limb paralysis at 13 to 24 months. CONCLUSION Motor defects in KI rats may result from neurotoxicity caused by HRE and the resulting reduction in C9orf72 protein due to haploinsufficiency. These KI rats could be a useful model for investigating the contributions of loss-of-function to neurotoxicity in C9orf72-related ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Neuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Neuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Caixian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feifei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineNational Health Commission of China (NHC)Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencePeking Union Medicine CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Neuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen S, Sun S, Moonen D, Lee C, Lee AYF, Schaffer DV, He L. CRISPR-READI: Efficient Generation of Knockin Mice by CRISPR RNP Electroporation and AAV Donor Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3780-3789.e4. [PMID: 31242412 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models harboring large sequence insertions or modifications are critical for a wide range of applications including endogenous gene tagging, conditional knockout, site-specific transgene insertion, and gene replacement; however, existing methods to generate such animals remain laborious and costly. To address this, we developed an approach called CRISPR-READI (CRISPR RNP electroporation and AAV donor infection), combining adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated HDR donor delivery with Cas9/sgRNA RNP electroporation to engineer large site-specific modifications in the mouse genome with high efficiency and throughput. We successfully targeted a 774 bp fluorescent reporter, a 2.1 kb CreERT2 driver, and a 3.3 kb expression cassette into endogenous loci in both embryos and live mice. CRISPR-READI is applicable to most widely used knockin schemes requiring donor lengths within the 4.9 kb AAV packaging capacity. Altogether, CRISPR-READI is an efficient, high-throughput, microinjection-free approach for sophisticated mouse genome engineering with potential applications in other mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dewi Moonen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Clancy Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angus Yiu-Fai Lee
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Lin He
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jun H, Bramian A, Soma S, Saito T, Saido TC, Igarashi KM. Disrupted Place Cell Remapping and Impaired Grid Cells in a Knockin Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuron 2020; 107:1095-1112.e6. [PMID: 32697942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer from spatial memory impairment and wandering behavior, but the brain circuit mechanisms causing such symptoms remain largely unclear. In healthy brains, spatially tuned hippocampal place cells and entorhinal grid cells exhibit distinct spike patterns in different environments, a circuit function called "remapping." We tested remapping in amyloid precursor protein knockin (APP-KI) mice with impaired spatial memory. CA1 neurons, including place cells, showed disrupted remapping, although their spatial tuning was only mildly diminished. Medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) neurons severely lost their spatial tuning and grid cells were almost absent. Fast gamma oscillatory coupling between the MEC and CA1 was also impaired. Mild disruption of MEC grid cells emerged in younger APP-KI mice, although the spatial memory and CA1 remapping of the animals remained intact. These results point to remapping impairment in the hippocampus, possibly linked to grid cell disruption, as circuit mechanisms underlying spatial memory impairment in AD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Li HY, Gu SY, Zi HX, Jiang L, Du JL. One-step generation of zebrafish carrying a conditional knockout- knockin visible switch via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated intron targeting. Sci China Life Sci 2020; 63:59-67. [PMID: 31872378 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a popular vertebrate animal model in biomedical research. However, it is still challenging to make conditional gene knockout (CKO) models in zebrafish due to the low efficiency of homologous recombination (HR). Here we report an efficient non-HR-based method for generating zebrafish carrying a CKO and knockin (KI) switch (zCKOIS) coupled with dual-color fluorescent reporters. Using this strategy, we generated hey2zKOIS which served as a hey2 KI reporter with EGFP expression. Upon Cre induction in targeted cells, the hey2zCKOIS was switched to a non-functional CKO allele hey2zCKOIS-invassociated with TagRFP expression, enabling visualization of the CKO alleles. Thus, simplification of the design, and the visibility and combination of both CKO and KI alleles make our zCKOIS strategy an applicable CKO approach for zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan-Ye Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua-Xing Zi
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiu-Lin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li W, Zhang Y, Han B, Li L, Li M, Lu X, Chen C, Lu M, Zhang Y, Jia X, Zhu Z, Tong X, Zhang B. One-step efficient generation of dual-function conditional knockout and geno-tagging alleles in zebrafish. eLife 2019; 8:48081. [PMID: 31663848 PMCID: PMC6845224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas systems are widely used to knock out genes by inducing indel mutations, which are prone to genetic compensation. Complex genome modifications such as knockin (KI) might bypass compensation, though difficult to practice due to low efficiency. Moreover, no ‘two-in-one’ KI strategy combining conditional knockout (CKO) with fluorescent gene-labeling or further allele-labeling has been reported. Here, we developed a dual-cassette-donor strategy and achieved one-step and efficient generation of dual-function KI alleles at tbx5a and kctd10 loci in zebrafish via targeted insertion. These alleles display fluorescent gene-tagging and CKO effects before and after Cre induction, respectively. By introducing a second fluorescent reporter, geno-tagging effects were achieved at tbx5a and sox10 loci, exhibiting CKO coupled with fluorescent reporter switch upon Cre induction, enabling tracing of three distinct genotypes. We found that LiCl purification of gRNA is critical for highly efficient KI, and preselection of founders allows the efficient germline recovery of KI events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingzhou Han
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochan Lu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengjia Lu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Jia
- Gcrispr (Tianjin) Genetic Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao Y, Hisey E, Bradshaw TWA, Erata E, Brown WE, Courtland JL, Uezu A, Xiang Y, Diao Y, Soderling SH. Plug-and-Play Protein Modification Using Homology-Independent Universal Genome Engineering. Neuron 2019; 103:583-597.e8. [PMID: 31272828 PMCID: PMC7200071 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of endogenous protein localization, function, and dynamics is fundamental to the study of all cells, including the diversity of cell types in the brain. However, current approaches are often low throughput and resource intensive. Here, we describe a CRISPR-Cas9-based homology-independent universal genome engineering (HiUGE) method for endogenous protein manipulation that is straightforward, scalable, and highly flexible in terms of genomic target and application. HiUGE employs adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors of autonomous insertional sequences (payloads) encoding diverse functional modifications that can integrate into virtually any genomic target loci specified by easily assembled gene-specific guide-RNA (GS-gRNA) vectors. We demonstrate that universal HiUGE donors enable rapid alterations of proteins in vitro or in vivo for protein labeling and dynamic visualization, neural-circuit-specific protein modification, subcellular rerouting and sequestration, and truncation-based structure-function analysis. Thus, the "plug-and-play" nature of HiUGE enables high-throughput and modular analysis of mechanisms driving protein functions in cellular neurobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erin Hisey
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tyler W A Bradshaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eda Erata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Walter E Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jamie L Courtland
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Akiyoshi Uezu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Scott H Soderling
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Larson JD, Kasper LH, Paugh BS, Jin H, Wu G, Kwon CH, Fan Y, Shaw TI, Silveira AB, Qu C, Xu R, Zhu X, Zhang J, Russell HR, Peters JL, Finkelstein D, Xu B, Lin T, Tinkle CL, Patay Z, Onar-Thomas A, Pounds SB, McKinnon PJ, Ellison DW, Zhang J, Baker SJ. Histone H3.3 K27M Accelerates Spontaneous Brainstem Glioma and Drives Restricted Changes in Bivalent Gene Expression. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:140-155.e7. [PMID: 30595505 PMCID: PMC6570409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are incurable childhood brainstem tumors with frequent histone H3 K27M mutations and recurrent alterations in PDGFRA and TP53. We generated genetically engineered inducible mice and showed that H3.3 K27M enhanced neural stem cell self-renewal while preserving regional identity. Neonatal induction of H3.3 K27M cooperated with activating platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) mutant and Trp53 loss to accelerate development of diffuse brainstem gliomas that recapitulated human DIPG gene expression signatures and showed global changes in H3K27 posttranslational modifications, but relatively restricted gene expression changes. Genes upregulated in H3.3 K27M tumors were enriched for those associated with neural development where H3K27me3 loss released the poised state of apparently bivalent promoters, whereas downregulated genes were enriched for those encoding homeodomain transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Larson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lawryn H Kasper
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Barbara S Paugh
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chang-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - André B Silveira
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Raymond Xu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Helen R Russell
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peters
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zoltan Patay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stanley B Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hamimi M, Khabooshan M, Castillo HA, Kaslin J. Fluorescently Labeled TracrRNA Improves Work Flow and Facilitates Successful Genome Editing in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2018; 16:135-137. [PMID: 30585775 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is widely used throughout the zebrafish community for the generation of knockouts and knockins. One of the bottlenecks that exists during the process is the laborious screening of injected embryos for F0 founder fish or CRISPants, weeks after the injection date. In this study we show that the use of fluorescently tagged tracrRNA and sorting for fluorescent embryos as early as the 512-cell stage using stereomicroscope significantly improve yield of fish with successfully CRISPR/Cas9-edited genomes. This is a cost-effective strategy that significantly improves workflow and efficacy in genome editing in particular for less experienced researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hamimi
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mitra Khabooshan
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hozana A Castillo
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,2 Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jan Kaslin
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang J, Cui ML, Nie YW, Dai B, Li FR, Liu DJ, Liang H, Cang M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated specific integration of fat-1 at the goat MSTN locus. FEBS J 2018; 285:2828-2839. [PMID: 29802684 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the CRISPR/Cas9 system have provided a precise and versatile approach for genome editing in various species. However, no study has reported simultaneous knockout of endogenous genes and site-specific knockin of exogenous genes in large animal models. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, this study specifically inserted the fat-1 gene into the goat MSTN locus, thereby achieving simultaneous fat-1 insertion and MSTN mutation. We introduced the Cas9, MSTN knockout small guide RNA and fat-1 knockin vectors into goat fetal fibroblasts by electroporation, and obtained a total of 156 positive clonal cell lines. PCR and sequencing were performed for identification. Of the 156 clonal strains, 40 (25.6%) had simultaneous MSTN knockout and fat-1 insertion at the MSTN locus without drug selection, and 55 (35.25%) and 101 (67.3%) had MSTN mutations and fat-1 insertions, respectively. We generated a site-specific knockin Arbas cashmere goat model using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer for the first time. For biosafety, we mainly focused on unmarked and non-resistant gene screening, and point-specific gene editing. The results showed that simultaneous editing of the two genes (simultaneous knockout and knockin) was achieved in large animals, demonstrating that the CRISPR/Cas9 system has the potential to become an important and applicable gene engineering tool in safe animal breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Meng-Lan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dong-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ming Cang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Several groups have used CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) for DNA virus editing. In most cases, one single-guide RNA (sgRNA) is used, which produces inconsistencies in gene editing. In this study, we used a swine herpesvirus, pseudorabies virus, as a model to systematically explore the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in DNA virus editing. In our current report, we demonstrated that cotransfection of 2 sgRNAs and a viral genome resulted in significantly better knockout efficiency than the transfection-infection-based approach. This method could result in 100% knockout of ≤3500 bp of viral nonessential large fragments. Furthermore, knockin efficiency was significantly improved by using 2 sgRNAs and was also correlated with the number of background viruses. We also demonstrated that the background viruses were all 2-sgRNA-mediated knockout mutants. Finally, this study demonstrated that the efficacy of gene knockin is determined by the replicative kinetics of background viruses. We propose that CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with 2 sgRNAs creates a powerful tool for DNA virus editing and offers great potential for future applications.-Tang, Y.-D., Guo, J.-C., Wang, T.-Y., Zhao, K., Liu, J.-T., Gao, J.-C., Tian, Z.-J., An, T.-Q., Cai, X.-H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated 2-sgRNA cleavage facilitates pseudorabies virus editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yao X, Zhang M, Wang X, Ying W, Hu X, Dai P, Meng F, Shi L, Sun Y, Yao N, Zhong W, Li Y, Wu K, Li W, Chen ZJ, Yang H. Tild-CRISPR Allows for Efficient and Precise Gene Knockin in Mouse and Human Cells. Dev Cell 2018; 45:526-536.e5. [PMID: 29787711 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The targeting efficiency of knockin sequences via homologous recombination (HR) is generally low. Here we describe a method we call Tild-CRISPR (targeted integration with linearized dsDNA-CRISPR), a targeting strategy in which a PCR-amplified or precisely enzyme-cut transgene donor with 800-bp homology arms is injected with Cas9 mRNA and single guide RNA into mouse zygotes. Compared with existing targeting strategies, this method achieved much higher knockin efficiency in mouse embryos, as well as brain tissue. Importantly, the Tild-CRISPR method also yielded up to 12-fold higher knockin efficiency than HR-based methods in human embryos, making it suitable for studying gene functions in vivo and developing potential gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Ying
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinde Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Pengfei Dai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feilong Meng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Linyu Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ning Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wanxia Zhong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yun Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan S, Tu Z, Liu Z, Fan N, Yang H, Yang S, Yang W, Zhao Y, Ouyang Z, Lai C, Yang H, Li L, Liu Q, Shi H, Xu G, Zhao H, Wei H, Pei Z, Li S, Lai L, Li XJ. A Huntingtin Knockin Pig Model Recapitulates Features of Selective Neurodegeneration in Huntington's Disease. Cell 2018; 173:989-1002.e13. [PMID: 29606351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by preferential loss of the medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Using CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic nuclear transfer technology, we established a knockin (KI) pig model of HD that endogenously expresses full-length mutant huntingtin (HTT). By breeding this HD pig model, we have successfully obtained F1 and F2 generation KI pigs. Characterization of founder and F1 KI pigs shows consistent movement, behavioral abnormalities, and early death, which are germline transmittable. More importantly, brains of HD KI pig display striking and selective degeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons. Thus, using a large animal model of HD, we demonstrate for the first time that overt and selective neurodegeneration seen in HD patients can be recapitulated by endogenously expressed mutant proteins in large mammals, a finding that also underscores the importance of using large mammals to investigate the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yan
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuchi Tu
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Fan
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Weili Yang
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengdan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangqing Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell, Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu D, Bi X, Qu L, Han L, Yin C, Deng J, Dong Z, Mi QS, Zhou L. miRNA miR-17-92 cluster is differentially regulated in the imiqumod-treated skin but is not required for imiqumod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:82-84. [PMID: 27579777 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play very important roles in the control of immune cell and keratinocyte development and function and are implicated in skin inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. miRNA miR-17-92 was reported to promote the differentiation of Th1 and Th1 cells and to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here we showed that imiquimod (IMQ) differentially regulates the expression of miR-17-92 cluster in the mouse skin, upregulating miR-17 and miR-19 families and downregulating miR-92. To investigate whether miR-17-92 cluster is functionally involved in the psoriasis, we have generated three mutant mice with specific deletion or overexpression of miR-17-92 cluster in keratinocytes, or with deletion of miR-17-92 cluster in T cells. Interestingly, deletion or overexpression of miR-17-92 cluster in keratinocytes, or deletion of miR-17-92 in T cells did not significantly affect IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis development in the mutant mice compared with wild-type littermates. Thus, miRNA miR-17-92 cluster may not be a key factor regulating imiqumod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinghong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guanghzou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xinling Bi
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guanghzou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Congcong Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guanghzou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang B, Zuo J, Kang W, Wei Q, Li J, Wang C, Liu Z, Lu Y, Zhuang Y, Dang B, Liu Q, Kang W, Sun Y. Generation of Hutat2:Fc Knockin Primary Human Monocytes Using CRISPR/Cas9. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2018; 11:130-141. [PMID: 29858049 PMCID: PMC5992333 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of monocytes to travel through the bloodstream, traverse tissue barriers, and aggregate at disease sites endows these cells with the attractive potential to carry therapeutic genes into the nervous system. However, gene editing in primary human monocytes has long been a challenge. Here, we applied the CRISPR/Cas9 system to deliver the large functional Hutat2:Fc DNA fragment into the genome of primary monocytes to neutralize HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat), an essential neurotoxic factor that causes HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in the nervous system. Following homology-directed repair (HDR), ∼10% of the primary human monocytes exhibited knockin of the Hutat2:Fc gene in the AAVS1 locus, the "safe harbor" locus of the human genome, without selection. Importantly, the release of Hutat2:Fc by these modified monocytes protected neurons from Tat-induced neurotoxicity, reduced HIV replication, and restored T cell homeostasis. Moreover, compared with lentiviral transfection, CRISPR-mediated knockin had the advantage of maintaining the migrating function of monocytes. These results establish CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Hutat2:Fc knockin monocytes and provide a potential method to cross the blood-brain barrier for HAND therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jiahui Zuo
- Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wenzhen Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qianqi Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Chunfu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-west Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Bianli Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wen Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China; Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-west Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Yongtao Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fei JF, Schuez M, Knapp D, Taniguchi Y, Drechsel DN, Tanaka EM. Efficient gene knockin in axolotl and its use to test the role of satellite cells in limb regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12501-12506. [PMID: 29087939 PMCID: PMC5703281 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706855114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salamanders exhibit extensive regenerative capacities and serve as a unique model in regeneration research. However, due to the lack of targeted gene knockin approaches, it has been difficult to label and manipulate some of the cell populations that are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying regeneration. Here we have established highly efficient gene knockin approaches in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) based on the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Using a homology-independent method, we successfully inserted both the Cherry reporter gene and a larger membrane-tagged Cherry-ERT2-Cre-ERT2 (∼5-kb) cassette into axolotl Sox2 and Pax7 genomic loci. Depending on the size of the DNA fragments for integration, 5-15% of the F0 transgenic axolotl are positive for the transgene. Using these techniques, we have labeled and traced the PAX7-positive satellite cells as a major source contributing to myogenesis during axolotl limb regeneration. Our work brings a key genetic tool to molecular and cellular studies of axolotl regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Feng Fei
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Maritta Schuez
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dunja Knapp
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuka Taniguchi
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David N Drechsel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Protein Expression Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zotova A, Lopatukhina E, Filatov A, Khaitov M, Mazurov D. Gene Editing in Human Lymphoid Cells: Role for Donor DNA, Type of Genomic Nuclease and Cell Selection Method. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110325. [PMID: 29099045 PMCID: PMC5707532 DOI: 10.3390/v9110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmable endonucleases introduce DNA breaks at specific sites, which are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology recombination (HDR). Genome editing in human lymphoid cells is challenging as these difficult-to-transfect cells may also inefficiently repair DNA by HDR. Here, we estimated efficiencies and dynamics of knockout (KO) and knockin (KI) generation in human T and B cell lines depending on repair template, target loci and types of genomic endonucleases. Using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), we have engineered Jurkat and CEM cells with the 8.2 kb human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) ∆Env genome integrated at the adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) locus that stably produce virus particles and mediate infection upon transfection with helper vectors. Knockouts generated by ZFN or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) double nicking techniques were comparably efficient in lymphoid cells. However, unlike polyclonal sorted cells, gene-edited cells selected by cloning exerted tremendous deviations in functionality as estimated by replication of HIV-1 and human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in these cells. Notably, the recently reported high-fidelity eCas9 1.1 when combined to the nickase mutation displayed gene-dependent decrease in on-target activity. Thus, the balance between off-target effects and on-target efficiency of nucleases, as well as choice of the optimal method of edited cell selection should be taken into account for proper gene function validation in lymphoid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zotova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Lopatukhina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Filatov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, 115472 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, 115472 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy Mazurov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe shosse, 115472 Moscow, Russia.
- Cell and Gene Technology Group, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park KE, Park CH, Powell A, Martin J, Donovan DM, Telugu BP. Targeted Gene Knockin in Porcine Somatic Cells Using CRISPR/Cas Ribonucleoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060810. [PMID: 27240344 PMCID: PMC4926344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig is an ideal large animal model for genetic engineering applications. A relatively short gestation interval and large litter size makes the pig a conducive model for generating and propagating genetic modifications. The domestic pig also shares close similarity in anatomy, physiology, size, and life expectancy, making it an ideal animal for modeling human diseases. Often, however, the technical difficulties in generating desired genetic modifications such as targeted knockin of short stretches of sequences or transgenes have impeded progress in this field. In this study, we have investigated and compared the relative efficiency of CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoproteins in engineering targeted knockin of pseudo attP sites downstream of a ubiquitously expressed COL1A gene in porcine somatic cells and generated live fetuses by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). By leveraging these knockin pseudo attP sites, we have demonstrated subsequent phiC31 integrase mediated integration of green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene into the site. This work for the first time created an optimized protocol for CRISPR/Cas mediated knockin in porcine somatic cells, while simultaneously creating a stable platform for future transgene integration and generating transgenic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Park
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- Livestock Genomix, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA.
| | - Chi-Hun Park
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Anne Powell
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Jessica Martin
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - David M Donovan
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
- Livestock Genomix, Reisterstown, MD 21136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li J, Zhang B, Bu J, Du J. Intron-based genomic editing: a highly efficient method for generating knockin zebrafish. Oncotarget 2015; 6:17891-4. [PMID: 26143640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease systems have been extensively utilized in genomic engineering of model organisms. In zebrafish, the nuclease systems have been successfully applied in generating loss-of–function knockout lines. However, genome-specific knockin techniques in zebrafish are still at the beginning. In this perspective, we briefly summarize the recent progresses on knockin approaches in zebrafish with a special focus on the newly developed intron-based knockin method.
Collapse
|
29
|
Klevanski M, Herrmann U, Weyer SW, Fol R, Cartier N, Wolfer DP, Caldwell JH, Korte M, Müller UC. The APP Intracellular Domain Is Required for Normal Synaptic Morphology, Synaptic Plasticity, and Hippocampus-Dependent Behavior. J Neurosci 2015; 35:16018-33. [PMID: 26658856 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2009-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The amyloid precursor protein family (APP/APLPs) has essential roles for neuromuscular synapse development and for the formation and plasticity of synapses within the CNS. Despite this, it has remained unclear whether APP mediates its functions primarily as a cell surface adhesion and signaling molecule or via its numerous proteolytic cleavage products. To address these questions, we followed a genetic approach and used APPΔCT15 knockin mice lacking the last 15 amino acids of APP, including the highly conserved YENPTY protein interaction motif. To circumvent functional compensation by the closely related APLP2, these mice were bred to an APLP2-KO background to generate APPΔCT15-DM double mutants. These APPΔCT15-DM mice were partially viable and displayed defects in neuromuscular synapse morphology and function with impairments in the ability to sustain transmitter release that resulted in muscular weakness. In the CNS, we demonstrate pronounced synaptic deficits including impairments in LTP that were associated with deficits in spatial learning and memory. Thus, the APP-CT15 domain provides essential physiological functions, likely via recruitment of specific interactors. Together with the well-established role of APPsα for synaptic plasticity, this shows that multiple domains of APP, including the conserved C-terminus, mediate signals required for normal PNS and CNS physiology. In addition, we demonstrate that lack of the APP-CT15 domain strongly impairs Aβ generation in vivo, establishing the APP C-terminus as a target for Aβ-lowering strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline are early hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, it is essential to elucidate the in vivo function(s) of APP at the synapse. At present, it is unknown whether APP family proteins function as cell surface receptors, or mainly via shedding of their secreted ectodomains, such as neurotrophic APPsα. Here, to dissect APP functional domains, we used APP mutant mice lacking the last 15 amino acids that were crossed onto an APLP2-KO background. These APPΔCT15-DM mice showed defects in neuromuscular morphology and function. Synaptic deficits in the CNS included impairments of synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory. Collectively, this indicates that multiple APP domains, including the C-terminus, are required for normal nervous system function.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee S, Pallerla SR, Kim S, Shaffer B, Simerly CR, Richard Chaillet J, Barak Y. Esrrb-Cre excises loxP-flanked alleles in early four-cell embryos. Genesis 2015; 54:53-61. [PMID: 26663459 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among transgenic mice with ubiquitous Cre recombinase activity, all strains to date excise loxP-flanked (floxed) alleles either at or before the zygote stage or at nondescript stages of development. This manuscript describes a new mouse strain, in which Cre recombinase, integrated into the Esrrb locus, efficiently excises floxed alleles in pre-implantation embryos at the onset of the four-cell stage. By enabling inactivation of genes only after the embryo has undergone two cleavages, this strain should facilitate in vivo studies of genes with essential gametic or zygotic functions. In addition, this study describes a new, highly pluripotent hybrid C57BL/6J x 129S1/SvImJ mouse embryonic stem cell line, HYB12, in which this knockin and additional targeted alleles have been generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Lee
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Srinivas R Pallerla
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Benjamin Shaffer
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Calvin R Simerly
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - J Richard Chaillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Yaacov Barak
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A primary goal of enamel research is to understand and potentially treat or prevent enamel defects related to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Rodents are ideal models to assist our understanding of how enamel is formed because they are easily genetically modified, and their continuously erupting incisors display all stages of enamel development and mineralization. While numerous methods have been developed to generate and analyze genetically modified rodent enamel, it is crucial to understand the limitations and challenges associated with these methods in order to draw appropriate conclusions that can be applied translationally, to AI patient care. We have highlighted methods involved in generating and analyzing rodent enamel and potential approaches to overcoming limitations of these methods: (1) generating transgenic, knockout, and knockin mouse models, and (2) analyzing rodent enamel mineral density and functional properties (structure and mechanics) of mature enamel. There is a need for a standardized workflow to analyze enamel phenotypes in rodent models so that investigators can compare data from different studies. These methods include analyses of gene and protein expression, developing enamel histology, enamel pigment, degree of mineralization, enamel structure, and mechanical properties. Standardization of these methods with regard to stage of enamel development and sample preparation is crucial, and ideally investigators can use correlative and complementary techniques with the understanding that developing mouse enamel is dynamic and complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Pugach
- Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn W Gibson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is a multifunctional, ubiquitous protein located inside and outside cells that plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes including cell development, differentiation, inflammation, immunity, metastasis, metabolism, and death. Increasing evidence demonstrates that HMGB1-dependent autophagy promotes chemotherapy resistance, sustains tumor metabolism requirements and T cell survival, prevents polyglutamine aggregates and excitotoxicity, and protects against endotoxemia, bacterial infection, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, HMGB1 may not be required for autophagy in some organs such as the liver and heart. Understanding HMGB1-dependent and -independent autophagy in more detail will provide insight into the integrated stress response and guide HMGB1-based therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Chen W, Yu L, Lu Y, Bai L, Shen B, Huang X, Zhang L. Generation of eGFP and Cre knockin rats by CRISPR/Cas9. FEBS J 2014; 281:3779-90. [PMID: 25039742 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The type II bacterial CRISPR/Cas [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)] system is a very valuable genome engineering tool, which has been widely used in genome editing of a variety of organisms. Previously, we generated floxed alleles in rats by CRISPR/Cas9. Here, we successfully use a two-cut strategy with one circular vector, which contains the exogenous cDNAs with homology arm regions, in generating knockin rats at the Trdmt1, Nestin and Cck loci. The efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockin was up to 54%. Furthermore, by crossing the Nestin-Cre rat with the Dnmt3b floxed rat and Cck-Cre with the Dnmt1 floxed rat, we detected Cre/loxP-mediated recombination in the F1 generation of rats. We also show that the knockin alleles were germline transmitted. These results provided a simple and flexible engineering strategy for the establishment of knockin rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chang N, Sun C, Gao L, Zhu D, Xu X, Zhu X, Xiong JW, Xi JJ. Genome editing with RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease in zebrafish embryos. Cell Res 2013; 23:465-72. [PMID: 23528705 PMCID: PMC3616424 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2013.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances with the type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system promise an improved approach to genome editing. However, the applicability and efficiency of this system in model organisms, such as zebrafish, are little studied. Here, we report that RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease efficiently facilitates genome editing in both mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos in a simple and robust manner. Over 35% of site-specific somatic mutations were found when specific Cas/gRNA was used to target either etsrp, gata4 or gata5 in zebrafish embryos in vivo. The Cas9/gRNA efficiently induced biallelic conversion of etsrp or gata5 in the resulting somatic cells, recapitulating their respective vessel phenotypes in etsrp(y11) mutant embryos or cardia bifida phenotypes in fau(tm236a) mutant embryos. Finally, we successfully achieved site-specific insertion of mloxP sequence induced by Cas9/gRNA system in zebrafish embryos. These results demonstrate that the Cas9/gRNA system has the potential of becoming a simple, robust and efficient reverse genetic tool for zebrafish and other model organisms. Together with other genome-engineering technologies, the Cas9 system is promising for applications in biology, agriculture, environmental studies and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changhong Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiufei Xu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianzhong Jeff Xi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tong Y, Pisani A, Martella G, Karouani M, Yamaguchi H, Pothos EN, Shen J. R1441C mutation in LRRK2 impairs dopaminergic neurotransmission in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14622-7. [PMID: 19667187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906334106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominantly inherited mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). The importance of the R1441 residue in the pathogenesis is highlighted by the identification of three distinct missense mutations. To investigate the pathogenic mechanism underlying LRRK2 dysfunction, we generated a knockin (KI) mouse in which the R1441C mutation is expressed under the control of the endogenous regulatory elements. Homozygous R1441C KI mice appear grossly normal and exhibit no dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration or alterations in steady-state levels of striatal dopamine up to 2 years of age. However, these KI mice show reductions in amphetamine (AMPH)-induced locomotor activity and stimulated catecholamine release in cultured chromaffin cells. The introduction of the R1441C mutation also impairs dopamine D2 receptor function, as suggested by decreased responses of KI mice in locomotor activity to the inhibitory effect of a D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole. Furthermore, the firing of nigral neurons in R1441C KI mice show reduced sensitivity to suppression induced by quinpirole, dopamine, or AMPH. Together, our data suggest that the R1441C mutation in LRRK2 impairs stimulated dopamine neurotransmission and D2 receptor function, which may represent pathogenic precursors preceding dopaminergic degeneration in PD brains.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sasaki Y, Calado DP, Derudder E, Zhang B, Shimizu Y, Mackay F, Nishikawa SI, Rajewsky K, Schmidt-Supprian M. NIK overexpression amplifies, whereas ablation of its TRAF3-binding domain replaces BAFF:BAFF-R-mediated survival signals in B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:10883-8. [PMID: 18663224 PMCID: PMC2504772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805186105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BAFF-R-dependent activation of the alternative NF-kappaB pathway plays an essential role in mature B cell survival. Mutations leading to overexpression of NIK and deletion of the TRAF3 gene are implicated in human multiple myeloma. We show that overexpression of NIK in mouse B lymphocytes amplifies alternative NF-kappaB activation and peripheral B cell numbers in a BAFF-R-dependent manner, whereas uncoupling NIK from TRAF3-mediated control causes maximal p100 processing and dramatic hyperplasia of BAFF-R-independent B cells. NIK controls alternative NF-kappaB signaling by increasing the protein levels of its negative regulator TRAF3 in a dose-dependent fashion. This mechanism keeps NIK protein levels below detection even when they cause B cell hyperplasia, so that contributions of NIK to B cell pathologies can easily be overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Sasaki
- *Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center For Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Dinis P. Calado
- *Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Emmanuel Derudder
- *Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Baochun Zhang
- *Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yuri Shimizu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center For Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Autoimmunity Research Unit, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia; and
| | - Shin-ichi Nishikawa
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, RIKEN Center For Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- *Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- *Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cascalho M, Martin DA, Wong J, Lam Q, Wabl M, Wu GE. A mouse with a monoclonal primary immunoglobulin repertoire not further diversified by V-gene replacement. Dev Immunol 1999; 7:43-50. [PMID: 10636478 PMCID: PMC2276038 DOI: 10.1155/1999/24514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have generated a monoclonal B-cell mouse by introducing homozygous, nonfunctional RAG-2 alleles and a lambda1 light-chain transgene into the quasi-monoclonal (QM) mouse, which contains a "knocked-in" V(H)DJ(H) rearrangement. Thus, this mouse, which we call MonoB, is devoid of T cells and contains preformed heavy- and light-chain genes encoding immunoglobulin with an anti-NP specificity. The MonoB mouse allows us to examine immunoglobulin diversity in the absence of processes mediated by V(D)J recombination and T cells. Here we report that not only is the MonoB's primary immunoglobulin repertoire monoclonal, but also that its secondary repertoire is not further diversified by V-gene replacement or gene conversion. Among 99 heavy-chain and 41 lambda light-chain genes from peripheral B cells of the MonoB mouse, there were no V-gene replacements. When compared to the QM mouse, which has RAG activity, and for which V-gene replacement is the major diversifying mechanism, these data suggest that V-gene replacement is mediated by V(D)J recombination and not by other recombination systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| | - Denise A. Martin
- Department of ImmunologyOntario Cancer InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada
| | - Jamie Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| | - Queenie Lam
- Department of ImmunologyOntario Cancer InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada
| | - Matthias Wabl
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| | - Gillian E. Wu
- Department of ImmunologyOntario Cancer InstituteUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada
- Ontario Cancer InstituteRoom 8-113610 University AvenueTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Baudoin C, Goumans MJ, Mummery C, Sonnenberg A. Knockout and knockin of the beta1 exon D define distinct roles for integrin splice variants in heart function and embryonic development. Genes Dev 1998; 12:1202-16. [PMID: 9553049 PMCID: PMC316718 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.8.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The beta1D integrin is a recently characterized isoform of the beta1 subunit that is specifically expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. In this study we have assessed the function of the beta1D integrin splice variant in mice by generating, for the first time, Cre-mediated exon-specific knockout and knockin strains for this splice variant. We show that removal of the exon for beta1D leads to a mildly disturbed heart phenotype, whereas replacement of beta1A by beta1D results in embryonic lethality with a plethora of developmental defects, in part caused by the abnormal migration of neuroepithelial cells. Our data demonstrate that the splice variants A and D are not functionally equivalent. We propose that beta1D is less efficient than beta1A in mediating the signaling that regulates cell motility and responses of the cells to mechanical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Baudoin
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|