1
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Schreiber T, Prange A, Schäfer P, Iwen T, Grützner R, Marillonnet S, Lepage A, Javelle M, Paul W, Tissier A. Efficient scar-free knock-ins of several kilobases in plants by engineered CRISPR-Cas endonucleases. Mol Plant 2024:S1674-2052(24)00086-8. [PMID: 38520090 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In plants and mammals, non-homologous end-joining is the dominant pathway to repair DNA double-strand breaks, making it challenging to generate knock-in events. In this study, we identified two groups of exonucleases from the herpes virus and the bacteriophage T7 families that conferred an up to 38-fold increase in homology-directed repair frequencies when fused to Cas9/Cas12a in a tobacco mosaic virus-based transient assay in Nicotiana benthamiana. We achieved precise and scar-free insertion of several kilobases of DNA both in transient and stable transformation systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana, fusion of Cas9 to a herpes virus family exonuclease led to 10-fold higher frequencies of knock-ins in the first generation of transformants. In addition, we demonstrated stable and heritable knock-ins in wheat in 1% of the primary transformants. Taken together, our results open perspectives for the routine production of heritable knock-in and gene replacement events in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Schreiber
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Prange
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Petra Schäfer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Iwen
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ramona Grützner
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Aurélie Lepage
- Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, CS 90126, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Marie Javelle
- Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, CS 90126, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Wyatt Paul
- Limagrain, Centre de Recherche, Route d'Ennezat, CS 90126, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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2
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Haddad M, Perrotte M, Khedher MRB, Demongin C, Lepage A, Fülöp T, Ramassamy C. Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal as Potential Peripheral Markers for MCI Diagnosis and Their Effects on the Expression of Neurotrophic, Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Factors in Neurons and in Neuronal Derived-Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194906. [PMID: 31623327 PMCID: PMC6801730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (GO) are suggested to be associated with the development of neurodegenerative pathologies. However, their peripheral levels in relation to cognitive decline and their effects on key factors in neuronal cells are poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine their serum levels in MCI (mild cognitive impairment) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, to analyze their effects on the neurotrophic and inflammatory factors, on neurodegenerative markers in neuronal cells and in neuronal derived-extracellular vesicles (nEVs). Our results show that MG and GO levels in serum, determined by HPLC, were higher in MCI. ROC (receiver-operating characteristic curves) analysis showed that the levels of MG in serum have higher sensitivity to differentiate MCI from controls but not from AD. Meanwhile, serum GO levels differentiate MCI from control and AD groups. Cells and nEVs levels of BDNF, PRGN, NSE, APP, MMP-9, ANGPTL-4, LCN2, PTX2, S100B, RAGE, Aβ peptide, pTau T181 and alpha-synuclein were quantified by luminex assay. Treatment of neuronal cells with MG or GO reduced the cellular levels of NSE, PRGN, APP, MMP-9 and ANGPTL-4 and the nEVs levels of BDNF, PRGN and LCN2. Our findings suggest that targeting MG and GO may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent or delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haddad
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Morgane Perrotte
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Clément Demongin
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Aurélie Lepage
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.
| | - Tamás Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
- Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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3
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Lepage A, Couderc E, Meriglier E, Guillet G. Nodules de la langue révélant une amylose AL associée à un myélome à chaînes légères lambda. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Alkofer BJ, Chiche L, Khayat A, Deshayes JP, Lepage A, Saloux E, Reznik Y. Liver Transplant Combined With Heart Transplant in Severe Heterozygous Hypercholesterolemia: Report of the First Case and Review of the Literature. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:2250-2. [PMID: 15964390 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a dominant inherited disease of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism caused by mutations of LDL receptors mainly located in the liver. This metabolic disorder is responsible for severe cardiovascular disease, from coronary lesions to chronic heart failure (CHF). Liver transplantation in homozygous FH provides the missing functional LDL receptors and thus partially restores LDL receptor activity to more than 50% of normal. Combined heart and liver transplantation was successfully performed in a homozygous FH patient with end-stage heart failure. Herein we report our experience with a heterozygous male patient with terminal CHF, and review data from the literature on short- and long-term results of such procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Alkofer
- CHU Caen, Transplantation and Liver Surgery, CHU cote de nacre, Caen 14000, France.
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5
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Farmer PJ, Bernier SG, Lepage A, Guillemette G, Regoli D, Sirois P. Permeability of endothelial monolayers to albumin is increased by bradykinin and inhibited by prostaglandins. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280:L732-8. [PMID: 11238014 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.4.l732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) in modified Boyden chambers, we examined the role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the bradykinin (BK)-induced increase of albumin permeability. BK induced a concentration-dependent increase of the permeability of BAEC, which reached 49.9 +/- 1% at the concentration of 10(-8) M. Two inhibitors of the prostaglandin G/H synthase, indomethacin (2.88 microM) and ibuprofen (10 microM), potentiated BK-induced permeability 1.8- and 3.9-fold, respectively. Exogenously administered PGE2 and iloprost, a stable analog of prostacyclin, attenuated the effect of BK in a concentration-dependent manner. Butaprost equally reduced the effect of BK, suggesting the participation of the EP2 receptor in this phenomenon. However, the EP4-selective antagonist AH-23848 did not significantly inhibit the protective effect of PGE2. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 was reversed by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL-12330A (10 microM). These results suggest that BK-induced increase of permeability of BAEC monolayer to (125)I-labeled albumin is negatively regulated by PGs. This postulated autocrine activity of PGs may involve an increase in the intracellular level of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Farmer
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Medical School, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
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6
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Lepage A, Leboeuf M, Cazenave JP, de la Salle C, Lanza F, Uzan G. The alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin and GPIb-V-IX complex identify distinct stages in the maturation of CD34(+) cord blood cells to megakaryocytes. Blood 2000; 96:4169-77. [PMID: 11110688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytopoiesis is a complex multistep process involving cell division, endoreplication, and maturation and resulting in the release of platelets into the blood circulation. Megakaryocytes (MK) progressively express lineage-restricted proteins, some of which play essential roles in platelet physiology. Glycoprotein (GP)Ib-V-IX (CD42) and GPIIb (CD41) are examples of MK-specific proteins having receptor properties essential for platelet adhesion and aggregation. This study defined the progressive expression of the GPIb-V-IX complex during in vitro MK maturation and compared it to that of GPIIb, an early MK marker. Human cord blood CD34(+) progenitor cells were cultured in the presence of cytokines inducing megakaryocytic differentiation. GPIb-V-IX expression appeared at day 3 of culture and was strictly dependent on MK cytokine induction, whereas GPIIb was already present in immature CD34(+) cells. Analysis by flow cytometry and of the messenger RNA level both showed that GPV appeared 1 day later than GPIb-IX. Microscopy studies confirmed the late appearance of GPV, which was principally localized in the cytoplasm when GPIb-IX was found on the cell surface, suggesting a delayed program of GPV synthesis and trafficking. Cell sorting studies revealed that the CD41(+)GPV(+) population contained 4N and 8N cells at day 7, and was less effective than CD41(+)GPV(-) cells in generating burst-forming units of erythrocytes or MK colonies. This study shows that the subunits of the GPIb-V-IX complex represent unique surface markers of MK maturation. The genes coding for GPIb-IX and GPV are useful tools to study megakaryocytopoiesis and for tissue-specific or conditional expression in mature MK and platelets. (Blood. 2000;96:4169-4177)
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Membrane Permeability
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/cytology
- Fetal Blood/cytology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Megakaryocytes/chemistry
- Megakaryocytes/cytology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/analysis
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/biosynthesis
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/genetics
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/analysis
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/biosynthesis
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/genetics
- Ploidies
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lepage
- INSERM U.506, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, F-94800 Villejuif, France
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7
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Roblin X, Pellissier L, Boudemaghe T, Legall S, Delmas P, Koné M, Esterni J, Lepage A. Ecthyma contagieux : une pathologie fréquente mais mal connue. Revue de la littérature à propos d'un cas. Rev Med Interne 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(00)90263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Roblin X, Legall S, Boudemaghe T, Pellissier L, Delmas P, Koné M, Esterni J, Lepage A. Influence du traitement hypolipémiant sur les taux d'homocystéinémie : étude prospective chez 106 patients. Rev Med Interne 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(00)90087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Sato N, Kiyokawa N, Taguchi T, Suzuki T, Sekino T, Ohmi K, Itagaki M, Sato T, Lepage A, Lanza F, Fujimoto J. Functional conservation of platelet glycoprotein V promoter between mouse and human megakaryocytes. Exp Hematol 2000; 28:802-14. [PMID: 10907642 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In an attempt to clarify the megakaryo-specific regulatory mechanism of GPV gene transcription, we characterized the 5'-flanking region of the mouse GPV gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS The promotor activity of a -481/+22 5'-fragment of the mouse GPV gene was examined in normal mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) and various human cell lines using two distinct reporter gene assay systems, luciferase and green fluorescence protein (GFP). RESULTS When a DNA construct consisting of this fragment and a GFP reporter gene were transiently expressed in thrombopoietin-supported mouse BMC culture, GFP was identified only in megakaryocytes. The same construct expressed high levels of GFP in the human megakaryocytic Dami line. When assessed by dual luciferase assay, the full -481/+22 fragment could drive variable promoter activity in human as well as mouse megakaryocytic lines but did not work in non-megakaryocytic cells. Sufficient transcriptional activation of this fragment was restricted to the cells expressing apparent GPV mRNA. A deletion and point mutation study indicated that GATA and Ets motifs, typical cis-acting elements for platelet-specific genes, located of -75 and -46, respectively, were essential for promoter function. CONCLUSION The GPV promoter has the general characteristics found in platelet-specific genes, and the mechanism for megakaryocyte-specific, maturation-dependent regulation of GPV gene transcription is highly conserved between mouse and human. Analysis of GPV transcription mechanism utilizing human lines as well as BMC should provide new information on the final maturational process of megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Lepage A, Uzan G, Touche N, Morales M, Cazenave JP, Lanza F, de La Salle C. Functional characterization of the human platelet glycoprotein V gene promoter: A specific marker of late megakaryocytic differentiation. Blood 1999; 94:3366-80. [PMID: 10552946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein V (GPV), a subunit of the platelet GPIb-V-IX receptor for von Willebrand factor and thrombin, is specifically found in platelets and mature megakaryocytes. Studies of the GPV gene can therefore provide insight into the mechanisms governing megakaryocyte differentiation. The human GPV promoter was isolated, and elements important for its tissue specific transcriptional activity were localized using systematic DNase I protection and reporter deletion assays. A -1413/+25 fragment inserted into a luciferase reporter construct displayed promoter activity in Dami and HEL but not in K562, HL60, or HeLa cells. Progressive 5' to 3' deletion showed a putative enhancer region in the -1413/-903 segment that contained closely spaced GATA and Ets sites protected from DNase I digestion in Dami extracts. Regions similar to a GPIIb gene repressor were found at -816 and -610, with the first exhibiting repressor activity in Dami and HEL cells and the second protected from DNAse I. Deletions from -362 to -103, an area containing protected sites for Sp1, STAT, and GATA, induced a progressive decrease in activity. The -103/+1 fragment, bearing a proximal Ets footprinted site and a GATA/Ets tandem footprint, displayed 75% activity relative to the full-length promoter and retained cell specificity. In summary, this work defines several regions of the GPV gene promoter important for its activity. It contains megakaryocyte-specific signals, including erythro-megakaryocytic GATA, and Ets cis-acting elements, GPIIb-like repressor domains, and binding sites for ubiquitous factors such as Sp1, ETF, and STAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lepage
- INSERM U. 311, Etablissement de Transfusion Sanguine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Lee YH, Ely KH, Lepage A, Kasper LH. Interleukin-15 enhances host protection against acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in T-cell receptor alpha-/-deficient mice. Parasite Immunol 1999; 21:299-306. [PMID: 10354352 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.1999.00228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A potential role for T-cell receptor (TCR)-gamma(delta) cells in response to Toxoplasma gondii has been described. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether exogenous rIL-15 can enhance the production of gamma(delta) T cells in response to infection with T. gondii. For this, C57BL/6 and TCR alpha-gene deficient mice (alpha-/-) were vaccinated with Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA) in combination with interleukin (IL)-15. The cellular and humoral immune response was assessed following immunization. Administration of IL-15/TLA to alpha-/-mice lengthened survival time post lethal challenge. Several immunological parameters were increased in the alpha-/-mice following immunization with IL-15/TLA including serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgG2a antibody titres and splenocyte lymphoproliferation in response to parasite antigen. Further, the CTL response to parasite infected target cells as well as the production of interferon gamma was enhanced by IL-15/TLA administration in the alpha-/-mice. These observations indicate that the gamma(delta) T cells response to this parasite can be enhanced by the administration of exogenous IL-15 in the presence of parasite lysate antigen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Female
- Immunization
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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12
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Farmer PJ, Lepage A, O'Brien JG, Bélanger CF, Battistini B, Plante GE, Regoli D, Sirois P. DesArg9BK increases the permeability of bovine aortic endothelial monolayer to iodinated albumin. Inflamm Res 1997; 46 Suppl 2:S149-50. [PMID: 9297555 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P J Farmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
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13
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Chardès T, Buzoni-Gatel D, Lepage A, Bernard F, Bout D. Toxoplasma gondii oral infection induces specific cytotoxic CD8 alpha/beta+ Thy-1+ gut intraepithelial lymphocytes, lytic for parasite-infected enterocytes. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.10.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The first line of defense of the host after primary infection by Toxoplasma gondii is the intestinal mucosal surface, which consists of epithelial cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) (mainly of CD8 phenotype), mucus, and secretory Igs. T. gondii cysts were administered orally to CBA/J mice to determine whether parasite-specific cytotoxic IEL can be elicited within the intestine. We found that oral infection led to an increase in the relative percentages of the CD8 beta + and Thy-1+ IEL populations between day 9 and day 13 after infection. At these times, T. gondii-primed, but not control mice, generated parasite-specific cytotoxic effector IEL for toxoplasma-infected macrophages. This cytotoxic activity was genetically restricted. By using magnetically activated cell sorting, the effector IEL were shown to be CD8 alpha/beta + Thy-1+ T lymphocytes and FACScan analysis revealed that they mainly express TCR-alpha beta. A significant level of cytotoxicity was also observed against T. gondii-infected epithelial cells from the MODE-K cell line, suggesting that parasite-specific IEL may ensure epithelial integrity by rapidly killing infected enterocytes. Finally, toxoplasma stimulation in vitro led to IFN-gamma production by T. gondii-primed IEL. Taken together, these data suggest that antigen-specific IEL, bearing the CD8 alpha/beta + Thy-1+, TCR-alpha beta + phenotype, can act directly as effector cells through a specific CTL activity at the intestinal level and may indirectly activate other mucosal effector mechanisms through IFN-gamma secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chardès
- CIF INSERM 93-09 Immunology of Infectious Diseases, UFR of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tours, France
| | - D Buzoni-Gatel
- CIF INSERM 93-09 Immunology of Infectious Diseases, UFR of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tours, France
| | - A Lepage
- CIF INSERM 93-09 Immunology of Infectious Diseases, UFR of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tours, France
| | - F Bernard
- CIF INSERM 93-09 Immunology of Infectious Diseases, UFR of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tours, France
| | - D Bout
- CIF INSERM 93-09 Immunology of Infectious Diseases, UFR of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tours, France
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14
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Chardès T, Buzoni-Gatel D, Lepage A, Bernard F, Bout D. Toxoplasma gondii oral infection induces specific cytotoxic CD8 alpha/beta+ Thy-1+ gut intraepithelial lymphocytes, lytic for parasite-infected enterocytes. J Immunol 1994; 153:4596-603. [PMID: 7963532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The first line of defense of the host after primary infection by Toxoplasma gondii is the intestinal mucosal surface, which consists of epithelial cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) (mainly of CD8 phenotype), mucus, and secretory Igs. T. gondii cysts were administered orally to CBA/J mice to determine whether parasite-specific cytotoxic IEL can be elicited within the intestine. We found that oral infection led to an increase in the relative percentages of the CD8 beta + and Thy-1+ IEL populations between day 9 and day 13 after infection. At these times, T. gondii-primed, but not control mice, generated parasite-specific cytotoxic effector IEL for toxoplasma-infected macrophages. This cytotoxic activity was genetically restricted. By using magnetically activated cell sorting, the effector IEL were shown to be CD8 alpha/beta + Thy-1+ T lymphocytes and FACScan analysis revealed that they mainly express TCR-alpha beta. A significant level of cytotoxicity was also observed against T. gondii-infected epithelial cells from the MODE-K cell line, suggesting that parasite-specific IEL may ensure epithelial integrity by rapidly killing infected enterocytes. Finally, toxoplasma stimulation in vitro led to IFN-gamma production by T. gondii-primed IEL. Taken together, these data suggest that antigen-specific IEL, bearing the CD8 alpha/beta + Thy-1+, TCR-alpha beta + phenotype, can act directly as effector cells through a specific CTL activity at the intestinal level and may indirectly activate other mucosal effector mechanisms through IFN-gamma secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chardès
- CIF INSERM 93-09 Immunology of Infectious Diseases, UFR of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tours, France
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15
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Gomez S, Gluschankof P, Lepage A, Cohen P. Relationship between endo- and exopeptidases in a processing enzyme system: activation of an endoprotease by the aminopeptidase B-like activity in somatostatin-28 convertase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:5468-72. [PMID: 3041411 PMCID: PMC281778 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The somatostatin-28 convertase activity involved in vitro in the processing of somatostatin-28 into the neuropeptides somatostatin-28-(1-12) and somatostatin-14 is composed of an endoprotease and a basic aminopeptidase. We report herein on the purification to apparent homogeneity of these two constituents and on their functional interrelationship. In particular we observed that after various physicochemical treatments, the 90-kDa endoprotease activity was recovered both at this molecular mass and as a 45-kDa entity. Moreover, the production of [Arg-2,Lys-1]somatostatin-14 from somatostatin-28 by the action of the endoprotease was activated in a cooperative manner by the aminopeptidase B-like enzyme. A 10-fold activation occurred when the exopeptidase was inhibited by 6.5 mM diisopropyl fluorophosphate and allowed the determination of a half-maximal activation constant (K1/2) of approximately equal to 13 nM. These observations strongly suggest that both enzymes act in a concerted manner in vitro and that they may form a complex in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gomez
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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Gluschankof P, Gomez S, Lepage A, Créminon C, Nyberg F, Terenius L, Cohen P. Role of peptide substrate structure in the selective processing of peptide prohormones at basic amino acid pairs by endoproteases. FEBS Lett 1988; 234:149-52. [PMID: 2899032 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)81322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three putative processing enzymes, each with defined action in a prohormone system, a 'pro-ocytocin-neurophysin convertase' from bovine neurohypophysis secretory granules, a 'Leu-enkephalin Arg6 generating enzyme' from human CSF and the endoprotease from the 'S-28 convertase' complex of rat brain cortex, were tested for their ability to hydrolyze peptides deriving from pro-ocytocin, pro-enkephalin B and pro-somatostatin, respectively at pairs of basic amino acids. The observations suggest that structural parameters specified by the peptide region around the dibasic moieties govern recognition by the enzyme and define which peptide bond is hydrolyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gluschankof
- Groupe de Neurobiochimie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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17
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Pockrass F, Lepage A, Suprenant P. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma. J Can Dent Assoc 1983; 49:425-7. [PMID: 6351976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Geewater DM, Lepage A. The effect of 5-fluorouracil on protein secretion by the guinea-pig pancreas. J Physiol 1979; 292:33P. [PMID: 226674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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19
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Lepage A, Aird G, Briones L, Villard HP. [On the origin of psychiatric consultation in a general hospital]. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1969; 14:253-258. [PMID: 5783170 DOI: 10.1177/070674376901400305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The authors started a new psychiatric unit in a general hospital which had not benefited from psychiatric services before their arrival. They chose as their first target the consultation service, and in working with other physicians they were surprised that, on many occasions, they were not consulted about patients who needed their services but, instead, they were asked to see patients who did not need their services to a significant degree. They began then to question the reasons for the referrals and this paper is an attempt to describe the unconscious or hidden reasons that were not explicitly expressed in the consultation, be it verbal or written, but which motivated the referring physician to ask for the help of the psychiatrist. Briefly, it was discovered that the psychiatric consultation was asked for after a crisis had developed between the referring physician and his patient, and the paper examines the dynamic origins of the crisis, its development and its resolution. The authors feel that their findings might also be applied to patients in the outpatient department and they expand upon the role of the psychiatrist in the general hospital.
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