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Pietzner M, Uluvar B, Kolnes KJ, Jeppesen PB, Frivold SV, Skattebo Ø, Johansen EI, Skålhegg BS, Wojtaszewski JFP, Kolnes AJ, Yeo GSH, O'Rahilly S, Jensen J, Langenberg C. Systemic proteome adaptions to 7-day complete caloric restriction in humans. Nat Metab 2024; 6:764-777. [PMID: 38429390 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Surviving long periods without food has shaped human evolution. In ancient and modern societies, prolonged fasting was/is practiced by billions of people globally for religious purposes, used to treat diseases such as epilepsy, and recently gained popularity as weight loss intervention, but we still have a very limited understanding of the systemic adaptions in humans to extreme caloric restriction of different durations. Here we show that a 7-day water-only fast leads to an average weight loss of 5.7 kg (±0.8 kg) among 12 volunteers (5 women, 7 men). We demonstrate nine distinct proteomic response profiles, with systemic changes evident only after 3 days of complete calorie restriction based on in-depth characterization of the temporal trajectories of ~3,000 plasma proteins measured before, daily during, and after fasting. The multi-organ response to complete caloric restriction shows distinct effects of fasting duration and weight loss and is remarkably conserved across volunteers with >1,000 significantly responding proteins. The fasting signature is strongly enriched for extracellular matrix proteins from various body sites, demonstrating profound non-metabolic adaptions, including extreme changes in the brain-specific extracellular matrix protein tenascin-R. Using proteogenomic approaches, we estimate the health consequences for 212 proteins that change during fasting across ~500 outcomes and identified putative beneficial (SWAP70 and rheumatoid arthritis or HYOU1 and heart disease), as well as adverse effects. Our results advance our understanding of prolonged fasting in humans beyond a merely energy-centric adaptions towards a systemic response that can inform targeted therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Pietzner
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Burulça Uluvar
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristoffer J Kolnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per B Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Victoria Frivold
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Skattebo
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil I Johansen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn S Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Division for Molecular Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders J Kolnes
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Kalló G, Bertalan PM, Márton I, Kiss C, Csősz É. Salivary Chemical Barrier Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Alterations in the Defense Mechanism of the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13657. [PMID: 37686462 PMCID: PMC10487546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent types of head and neck cancer. Despite the genetic and environmental risk factors, OSCC is also associated with microbial infections and/or dysbiosis. The secreted saliva serves as the chemical barrier of the oral cavity and, since OSCC can alter the protein composition of saliva, our aim was to analyze the effect of OSCC on the salivary chemical barrier proteins. Publicly available datasets regarding the analysis of salivary proteins from patients with OSCC and controls were collected and examined in order to identify differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins. Network analysis and gene ontology (GO) classification of the differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins were performed as well. One hundred and twenty-seven proteins showing different expression pattern between the OSCC and control groups were found. Protein-protein interaction networks of up- and down-regulated proteins were constructed and analyzed. The main hub proteins (IL-6, IL-1B, IL-8, TNF, APOA1, APOA2, APOB, APOC3, APOE, and HP) were identified and the enriched GO terms were examined. Our study highlighted the importance of the chemical barrier of saliva in the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Magdolna Bertalan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Misiukiewicz-Stępien P, Mierzejewski M, Zajusz-Zubek E, Goryca K, Adamska D, Szeląg M, Krenke R, Paplińska-Goryca M. RNA-Seq Analysis of UPM-Exposed Epithelium Co-Cultivated with Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Obstructive Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169125. [PMID: 36012391 PMCID: PMC9408857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Elevated concentrations of airborne pollutants are correlated with an enlarged rate of obstructive lung disease morbidity as well as acute disease exacerbations. This study aimed to analyze the epithelium mRNA profile in response to airborne particulate matter in the control, asthma, and COPD groups. Results. A triple co-culture of nasal epithelium, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells obtained from the controls, asthma, and COPD were exposed to urban particulate matter (UPM) for 24 h. RNA-Seq analysis found differences in seven (CYP1B1, CYP1B1-AS1, NCF1, ME1, LINC02029, BPIFA2, EEF1A2), five (CYP1B1, ARC, ENPEP, RASD1, CYP1B1-AS1), and six (CYP1B1, CYP1B1-AS1, IRF4, ATP1B2, TIPARP, CCL22) differentially expressed genes between UPM exposed and unexposed triple co-cultured epithelium in the control, asthma, and COPD groups, respectively. PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression of BPIFA2 and ENPEP was upregulated in both asthma and COPD, while the expression of CYP1B1-AS1 and TIPARP was increased in the epithelium from COPD patients only. Biological processes changed in UPM exposed triple co-cultured epithelium were associated with epidermis development and epidermal cell differentiation in asthma and with response to toxic substances in COPD. Conclusions. The biochemical processes associated with pathophysiology of asthma and COPD impairs the airway epithelial response to UPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stępien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mierzejewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elwira Zajusz-Zubek
- Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Adamska
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szeląg
- Genomic Core Facility, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-599-12-41; Fax: +48-22-599-15-61
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Proteomic and microbiota analyses of the oral cavity during psychological stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268155. [PMID: 35613108 PMCID: PMC9132284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is associated with various oral diseases such as aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, taste disturbances and glossodynia. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of psychological stress on salivary proteins and the oral microbiota in a rat model of chronic restraint stress. Six-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to restraint stress for four hours daily for 1 month. The behavior, weights of the adrenal glands, and serum corticosterone levels were evaluated as stress markers. Proteomic analysis of the saliva was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry and Western blotting. Analysis of the oral microbiota was performed via 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. The low mean body weights, lower number of entries and time spent in the open arm of elevated plus maze, high adrenal gland/body weight ratios, and high serum corticosterone levels confirmed the high levels of stress in the stress group of rats compared to the controls. Thirty-three protein spots were found to be significantly altered between the two groups. After silver staining, seven visible spots were subjected for mass spectrometry, and the expression levels of the two most significantly altered proteins, BPI fold containing family A member 2 and von Ebner’s gland protein, were confirmed by Western blotting. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity in the stress group compared to the controls. The abundances of oral bacteria, such as Facklamia and Corynebacterium, were significantly altered between the two groups. Additionally, analysis with PICRUSt2 software predicted 37 different functional pathways to be altered between the groups. In conclusion, the present study identified altered salivary proteins and oral microbiota due to psychological stress. These findings might aid in understanding the pathogenesis of stress-related oral diseases.
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Genetic background influences survival of infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the Collaborative Cross. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010075. [PMID: 35417454 PMCID: PMC9067680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections typically cause self-limiting gastroenteritis, but in some individuals these bacteria can spread systemically and cause disseminated disease. Salmonella Typhimurium (STm), which causes severe systemic disease in most inbred mice, has been used as a model for disseminated disease. To screen for new infection phenotypes across a range of host genetics, we orally infected 32 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with STm and monitored their disease progression for seven days by telemetry. Our data revealed a broad range of phenotypes across CC strains in many parameters including survival, bacterial colonization, tissue damage, complete blood counts (CBC), and serum cytokines. Eighteen CC strains survived to day 7, while fourteen susceptible strains succumbed to infection before day 7. Several CC strains had sex differences in survival and colonization. Surviving strains had lower pre-infection baseline temperatures and were less active during their daily active period. Core body temperature disruptions were detected earlier after STm infection than activity disruptions, making temperature a better detector of illness. All CC strains had STm in spleen and liver, but susceptible strains were more highly colonized. Tissue damage was weakly negatively correlated to survival. We identified loci associated with survival on Chromosomes (Chr) 1, 2, 4, 7. Polymorphisms in Ncf2 and Slc11a1, known to reduce survival in mice after STm infections, are located in the Chr 1 interval, and the Chr 7 association overlaps with a previously identified QTL peak called Ses2. We identified two new genetic regions on Chr 2 and 4 associated with susceptibility to STm infection. Our data reveal the diversity of responses to STm infection across a range of host genetics and identified new candidate regions for survival of STm infection.
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Dong J, Li W, Wang Q, Chen J, Zu Y, Zhou X, Guo Q. Relationships Between Oral Microecosystem and Respiratory Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:718222. [PMID: 35071321 PMCID: PMC8767498 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.718222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microecosystem is a very complicated ecosystem that is located in the mouth and comprises oral microbiome, diverse anatomic structures of oral cavity, saliva and interactions between oral microbiota and between oral microbiota and the host. More and more evidence from studies of epidemiology, microbiology and molecular biology is establishing a significant link between oral microecosystem and respiratory diseases. Microbiota settling down in oral microecosystem is known as the main source of lung microbiome and has been associated with the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases like pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis lung disease and asthma. In fact, it is not only indigenous oral microbes promote or directly cause respiratory infection and inflammation when inhaled into the lower respiratory tract, but also internal environment of oral microecosystem serves as a reservoir for opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Moreover, poor oral health and oral diseases caused by oral microecological dysbiosis (especially periodontal disease) are related with risk of multiple respiratory diseases. Here, we review the research status on the respiratory diseases related with oral microecosystem. Potential mechanisms on how respiratory pathogens colonize oral microecosystem and the role of indigenous oral microbes in pathogenesis of respiratory diseases are also summarized and analyzed. Given the importance of oral plaque control and oral health interventions in controlling or preventing respiratory infection and diseases, we also summarize the oral health management measures and attentions, not only for populations susceptible to respiratory infection like the elderly and hospitalized patients, but also for dentist or oral hygienists who undertake oral health care. In conclusion, the relationship between respiratory diseases and oral microecosystem has been established and supported by growing body of literature. However, etiological evidence on the role of oral microecosystem in the development of respiratory diseases is still insufficient. Further detailed studies focusing on specific mechanisms on how oral microecosystem participate in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases could be helpful to prevent and treat respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Vandewege MW, Sotero-Caio CG, Phillips CD. Positive Selection and Gene Expression Analyses from Salivary Glands Reveal Discrete Adaptations within the Ecologically Diverse Bat Family Phyllostomidae. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:1419-1428. [PMID: 32697843 PMCID: PMC7487161 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are outliers among chiropterans with respect to the unusually high diversity of dietary strategies within the family. Salivary glands, owing to their functions and high ultrastructural variability among lineages, are proposed to have played an important role during the phyllostomid radiation. To identify genes underlying salivary gland functional diversification, we sequenced submandibular gland transcriptomes from phyllostomid species representative of divergent dietary strategies. From the assembled transcriptomes, we performed an array of selection tests and gene expression analyses to identify signatures of adaptation. Overall, we identified an enrichment of immunity-related gene ontology terms among 53 genes evolving under positive selection. Lineage-specific selection tests revealed several endomembrane system genes under selection in the vampire bat. Many genes that respond to insulin were under selection and differentially expressed genes pointed to modifications of amino acid synthesis pathways in plant-visitors. Results indicate salivary glands have diversified in various ways across a functional diverse clade of mammals in response to niche specializations.
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Kang D, Jung IB, Lee SY, Park SJ, Kwon SJ, Park DH, Son JW. Particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM 10) activates cancer related genes in lung epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:487-493. [PMID: 33283556 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1850936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Particulate matter (PM) has various systemic effects. We researched the effects of PM on lung epithelial cells with next generation sequencing (NGS) and validated this with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methods: We cultured the group exposed to PM10 (Particulate matter less than 10 μm)-like fine dust (ERM® CZ120 fine dust) at a concentration of 50 μg/mL and the untreated group for seven days in one normal lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and four lung cancer epithelial cell lines (NCI-H358, HCC-827, A549, NCI-H292). Then, we extracted the RNA from the sample and performed NGS. As a result of NGS, various gene expressions were upregulated or downregulated. Among them, we selected the gene whose mean fold change was more than doubled and changed in the same direction in all five cell lines. Based on these genes, we selected the top 10 genes, either upregulated or downregulated, to validate with the qRT-PCR. Results: There were the four genes that matched the NGS and qRT-PCR results, all of which were upregulated genes. The four genes are CYP1A1, CYP1B1, LINC01816, and BPIFA2. All four genes that matched the two results were upregulated genes and none of the downregulated genes matched. Conclusion: CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are known to cause lung cancer by metabolizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and long noncoding RNA is also known to play an important role in lung cancer. Considering this, we thought PM10 might be associated with lung cancer by activating CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and LINC01816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Beom Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yel Lee
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kwon
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eulji University Medical Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Son
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Nandula SR, Huxford I, Wheeler TT, Aparicio C, Gorr SU. The parotid secretory protein BPIFA2 is a salivary surfactant that affects lipopolysaccharide action. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1280-1292. [PMID: 32390232 DOI: 10.1113/ep088567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The salivary protein BPIFA2 binds lipopolysaccharide, but its physiological function is not known. This study uses a new knockout mouse model to explore the physiological role of BPIFA2 in the oral cavity and systemic physiology. What is the main finding and its importance? BPIFA2 is a crucial surfactant in mouse saliva. In its absence, saliva exhibits the surface tension of water. Depletion of BPIFA2 affects salivary and ingested lipopolysaccharide and leads to systemic sequelae that include increased insulin secretion and metabolomic changes. These results suggest that the lipopolysaccharide-binding activity of BPIFA2 affects the activity of ingested lipopolysaccharide in the intestine and that BPIFA2 depletion causes mild metabolic endotoxaemia. ABSTRACT Saliva plays important roles in the mastication, swallowing and digestion of food, speech and lubrication of the oral mucosa, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, and the control of body temperature in grooming animals. The salivary protein BPIFA [BPI fold containing family A member 2; former names: parotid secretory protein (PSP), SPLUN2 and C20orf70] is related to lipid-binding and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding proteins expressed in the mucosa. Indeed, BPIFA2 binds LPS, but the physiological role of BPIFA2 remains to be determined. To address this question, Bpifa2 knockout (Bpifa2tm1(KOMP)Vlcg ) (KO) mice were phenotyped, with emphasis on the saliva and salivary glands. Stimulated whole saliva collected from KO mice was less able to spread on a hydrophobic surface than wild-type saliva, and the surface tension of KO saliva was close to that of water. These data suggest that BPIFA2 is a salivary surfactant that is mainly responsible for the low surface tension of mouse saliva. The reduced surfactant activity of KO saliva did not affect consumption of dry food or grooming, but saliva from KO mice contained less LPS than wild-type saliva. Indeed, mice lacking BPIFA2 responded to ingested LPS with an increased stool frequency, suggesting that BPIFA2 plays a role in the solubilization and activity of ingested LPS. Consistent with these findings, BPIFA2-depleted mice also showed increased insulin secretion and metabolomic changes that were consistent with a mild endotoxaemia. These results support the distal physiological function of a salivary protein and reinforce the connection between oral biology and systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshagiri Rao Nandula
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ian Huxford
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Conrado Aparicio
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sven-Ulrik Gorr
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Li J, Xu P, Wang L, Feng M, Chen D, Yu X, Lu Y. Molecular biology of BPIFB1 and its advances in disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:651. [PMID: 32566588 PMCID: PMC7290611 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI)-fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1), also known as long-palate lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (LPLUNC1), belongs to the BPI-fold-containing family, is a newly discovered natural immune protection molecule, which, having the function of bactericidal and osmotic enhancement protein domain, can respond to the external physical and chemical stimuli. The gene of BPIFB1 is located at chromosome 20q11.21-20q11.22, and contains 16 exons and 15 introns, encoding 484 amino acids. The 5' terminal of the BPIFB1 protein has a signal peptide sequence composed of 19 amino acids. BPIFB1 is abnormally expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric cancer, and other cancer tissues, regulate chronic infections and inflammation, indicating that it may play an important role in the development of tumors. Meanwhile, BPIFB1 has well-recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria due to its structural similarity with BPI protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, both of which are innate immune molecules with recognized roles in sensing and responding to Gram-negative bacteria, so it can regulate cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other respiratory diseases. In this article, we will discuss the progress of BPIFB1 in a variety of diseases and fully understand its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, China
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Wegmann R, Neri M, Schuierer S, Bilican B, Hartkopf H, Nigsch F, Mapa F, Waldt A, Cuttat R, Salick MR, Raymond J, Kaykas A, Roma G, Keller CG. CellSIUS provides sensitive and specific detection of rare cell populations from complex single-cell RNA-seq data. Genome Biol 2019; 20:142. [PMID: 31315641 PMCID: PMC6637521 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop CellSIUS (Cell Subtype Identification from Upregulated gene Sets) to fill a methodology gap for rare cell population identification for scRNA-seq data. CellSIUS outperforms existing algorithms for specificity and selectivity for rare cell types and their transcriptomic signature identification in synthetic and complex biological data. Characterization of a human pluripotent cell differentiation protocol recapitulating deep-layer corticogenesis using CellSIUS reveals unrecognized complexity in human stem cell-derived cellular populations. CellSIUS enables identification of novel rare cell populations and their signature genes providing the means to study those populations in vitro in light of their role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Wegmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bilada Bilican
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
- Present Address: Flagship Pioneering, Cambridge, USA
| | - Huyen Hartkopf
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felipa Mapa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - Annick Waldt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max R. Salick
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
- Present Address: Insitro, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joe Raymond
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ajamete Kaykas
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
- Present Address: Insitro, San Francisco, USA
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Cross BW, Ruhl S. Glycan recognition at the saliva - oral microbiome interface. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:19-33. [PMID: 30274839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mouth is a first critical interface where most potentially harmful substances or pathogens contact the host environment. Adaptive and innate immune defense mechanisms are established there to inactivate or eliminate pathogenic microbes that traverse the oral environment on the way to their target organs and tissues. Protein and glycoprotein components of saliva play a particularly important role in modulating the oral microbiota and helping with the clearance of pathogens. It has long been acknowledged that glycobiological and glycoimmunological aspects play a pivotal role in oral host-microbe, microbe-host, and microbe-microbe interactions in the mouth. In this review, we aim to delineate how glycan-mediated host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity support human health. We will describe the role of glycans attached to large molecular size salivary glycoproteins which act as a first line of primordial host defense in the human mouth. We will further discuss how glycan recognition contributes to both colonization and clearance of oral microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Cross
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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13
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Paulo JA, Jedrychowski MP, Chouchani ET, Kazak L, Gygi SP. Multiplexed Isobaric Tag-Based Profiling of Seven Murine Tissues Following In Vivo Nicotine Treatment Using a Minimalistic Proteomics Strategy. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700326. [PMID: 29660237 PMCID: PMC5992107 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a major addictive compound in tobacco and a component of smoking-related products, such as e-cigarettes. Once internalized, nicotine can perturb many cellular pathways and can induce alterations in proteins across different cell types; however, the mechanisms thereof remain undetermined. The authors hypothesize that both tissue-specific and global protein abundance alterations result from nicotine exposure. Presented here is the first proteomic profiling of multiple tissues from mice treated orally with nicotine. Proteins extracted from seven tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, and spleen) from treated (n = 5) and untreated control (n = 5) mice are assembled into a TMT10-plex experiment. A minimalistic proteomics strategy is employed using TMT reagents efficiently and centrifugation-based reversed-phase columns to streamline sample preparation. Combined, over 11 000 non-redundant proteins from over 138 000 different peptides are quantified in seven TMT10-plex experiments. Between 7 and 126 proteins are significantly altered in tissues from nicotine-exposed mice, 11 which are altered in two or more tissues. Our data showcase the vast extent of nicotine exposure across murine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Mark P. Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Edward T. Chouchani
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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14
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Gao X, Oei MS, Ovitt CE, Sincan M, Melvin JE. Transcriptional profiling reveals gland-specific differential expression in the three major salivary glands of the adult mouse. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:263-271. [PMID: 29373073 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00124.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-Seq was used to better understand the molecular nature of the biological differences among the three major exocrine salivary glands in mammals. Transcriptional profiling found that the adult murine parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands express greater than 14,300 protein-coding genes, and nearly 2,000 of these genes were differentially expressed. Principle component analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed three distinct clusters according to gland type. The three salivary gland transcriptomes were dominated by a relatively few number of highly expressed genes (6.3%) that accounted for more than 90% of transcriptional output. Of the 912 transcription factors expressed in the major salivary glands, greater than 90% of them were detected in all three glands, while expression for ~2% of them was enriched in an individual gland. Expression of these unique transcription factors correlated with sublingual and parotid specific subsets of both highly expressed and differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology analyses revealed that the highly expressed genes common to all glands were associated with global functions, while many of the genes expressed in a single gland play a major role in the function of that gland. In summary, transcriptional profiling of the three murine major salivary glands identified a limited number of highly expressed genes, differentially expressed genes, and unique transcription factors that represent the transcriptional signatures underlying gland-specific biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland.,Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Maria S Oei
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York
| | - Murat Sincan
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James E Melvin
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Hall SC, Hassis ME, Williams KE, Albertolle ME, Prakobphol A, Dykstra AB, Laurance M, Ona K, Niles RK, Prasad N, Gormley M, Shiboski C, Criswell LA, Witkowska HE, Fisher SJ. Alterations in the Salivary Proteome and N-Glycome of Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1693-1705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Hall
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Maria E. Hassis
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Katherine E. Williams
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Matthew E. Albertolle
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Akraporn Prakobphol
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Andrew B. Dykstra
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Megan Laurance
- Library
and Center for Knowledge Management, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Katherine Ona
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Richard K. Niles
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Namrata Prasad
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Matthew Gormley
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Caroline Shiboski
- Department
of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Department
of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Russel/Engleman
Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - H. Ewa Witkowska
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Susan J. Fisher
- Department
of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Sandler-Moore
Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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16
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LIPS A, ANTUNES LS, ANTUNES LA, PINTOR AVB, SANTOS DABD, BACHINSKI R, KÜCHLER EC, ALVES GG. Salivary protein polymorphisms and risk of dental caries: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e41. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Raskovic B, Lazic J, Polovic N. Characterisation of general proteolytic, milk clotting and antifungal activity of Ficus carica latex during fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:576-82. [PMID: 25664689 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological role of fig latex is to protect the plant from pathogens. Latex is a rich source of proteases, predominantly ficin. Fig latex also contains collagenolytic protease and chitinolytic enzymes. Our aim was to investigate changes in protein composition, enzyme and antifungal activities of fig latex during fruit ripening. RESULTS Comparison of latex samples in different time periods showed a uniform increase of protein concentration in chronological order. The content of collagenolytic protease did not differ significantly in the latex samples, while the content of ficin decreased. Ficin-specific activity towards casein was the highest at the beginning of fruit development (about 80 U mg(-1)). Specific milk clotting activity increased as well as the abundance of casein band in the clots. Specific chitinolytic activity at the beginning of flowering was 6.5 times higher than the activity in the period when fruits are ripe. Antifungal activity is the most extensive in spring. CONCLUSION Ficin forms with different casein specificities are present in different proportions during fruit ripening, which is of importance for applications in the dairy industry. The protection mechanism against insects and fungi, which relies on chitinolytic activity, is the most important in the early phases of flowering and is replaced with other strategies over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Raskovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Lazic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Natalija Polovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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