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Portes J, Bullón B, Gallardo I, Fernandez-Riejos P, Quiles JL, Giampieri F, Bullón P. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes related to periodontitis and its risk factors in elderly individuals. J Dent 2023; 132:104480. [PMID: 36948381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated to increase with age and can reach 3.5%. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in the elderly patients who attended a dental clinic and to find common risk factors. METHODS Male patients, older than 50 years, attended their first dental visit to the School of Dentistry for a period of two years, and it was proposed to evaluate undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal, biochemical, microbiological examinations, nutritional profile, and physical activity were performed. RESULTS A total of 106 patients were examined, 6 (5.6%) had diabetes, and 37 (34.9%) had prediabetes without prior diagnosis. The severity of periodontitis was greater in patients with diabetes. Most of the patients were overweight and had increased systolic blood pressure. Patients with prediabetes and periodontitis had a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Tannerella forsythia was present in more patients with periodontitis, and the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is practically absent in groups with periodontitis, except for the group with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In the population studied, the prevalence of patients without a diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes was very high and underestimated. The increased severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes and in conjunction with the high level of cortisol seen in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes, emphasize the dysregulation of the immunoinflammatory system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is essential to add all this data to our dental practice to cover patient health with a broader landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Portes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain; Dental School, Veiga de Almeida University, Rua Ibituruna, 108, 20271-020, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Armilla, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Resarch Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health. Univeridad Europea del Atlantico.39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena, s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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Fu Y, Maaβ S, Cavallo FM, de Jong A, Raangs E, Westra J, Buist G, Becher D, van Dijl JM. Differential Virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotypes Explained by Exoproteome Heterogeneity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0329822. [PMID: 36541765 PMCID: PMC9927298 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03298-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with periodontitis and nonoral diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer´s disease. Aa isolates with the serotypes a, b, and c are globally most prevalent. Importantly, isolates displaying these serotypes have different clinical presentations. While serotype b isolates are predominant in severe periodontitis, serotypes a and c are generally encountered in mild periodontitis or healthy individuals. It is currently unknown how these differences are reflected in the overall secretion of virulence factors. Therefore, this study was aimed at a comparative analysis of exoproteomes from different clinical Aa isolates with serotypes a, b, or c by mass spectrometry, and a subsequent correlation of the recorded exoproteome profiles with virulence. Overall, we identified 425 extracellular proteins. Significant differences in the exoproteome composition of isolates with different serotypes were observed in terms of protein identification and abundance. In particular, serotype a isolates presented more extracellular proteins than serotype b or c isolates. These differences are mirrored in their virulence in infection models based on human salivary gland epithelial cells and neutrophils. Remarkably, serotype a isolates displayed stronger adhesive capabilities and induced more lysis of epithelial cells and neutrophils than serotype b or c isolates. Conversely, serotype c isolates showed relatively low leukotoxicity, while provoking NETosis to similar extents as serotype a and b isolates. Altogether, we conclude that the differential virulence presentation by Aa isolates with the dominant serotypes a, b, or c can be explained by their exoproteome heterogeneity. IMPORTANCE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes progressive destruction of alveolar bone and supporting tissues around the teeth, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a prevalent causative agent of periodontitis, but this oral pathogen is also associated with serious extraoral diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Aa isolates are usually distinguished by serotyping, because of known serotype-specific differences in virulence. Aa with serotype b is associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis, while isolates with serotypes a or c are usually encountered in cases of mild periodontitis or healthy individuals. The molecular basis for these differences in virulence was so far unknown. In the present study, we pinpoint serotype-specific differences in virulence factor production by clinical Aa isolates. We consider these findings important, because they provide new leads for future preventive or therapeutic approaches to fight periodontitis and associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Maaβ
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Francis M. Cavallo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Raangs
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dörte Becher
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Connections between Exoproteome Heterogeneity and Virulence in the Oral Pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. mSystems 2022; 7:e0025422. [PMID: 35695491 PMCID: PMC9239275 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00254-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with severe periodontitis and nonoral diseases. Clinical isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans display a rough (R) colony phenotype with strong adherent properties. Upon prolonged culturing, nonadherent strains with a smooth (S) colony phenotype emerge. To date, most virulence studies on A. actinomycetemcomitans have been performed with S strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, whereas the virulence of clinical R isolates has received relatively little attention. Since the extracellular proteome is the main bacterial reservoir of virulence factors, the present study was aimed at a comparative analysis of this subproteome fraction for a collection of R isolates and derivative S strains, in order to link particular proteins to the virulence of A. actinomycetemcomitans with serotype b. To assess the bacterial virulence, we applied different infection models based on larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, a human salivary gland-derived epithelial cell line, and freshly isolated neutrophils from healthy human volunteers. A total number of 351 extracellular A. actinomycetemcomitans proteins was identified by mass spectrometry, with the S strains consistently showing more extracellular proteins than their parental R isolates. A total of 50 known extracellular virulence factors was identified, of which 15 were expressed by all investigated bacteria. Importantly, the comparison of differences in exoproteome composition and virulence highlights critical roles of 10 extracellular proteins in the different infection models. Together, our findings provide novel clues for understanding the virulence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and for development of potential preventive or therapeutic avenues to neutralize this important oral pathogen. IMPORTANCE Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases worldwide, causing high morbidity and decreasing the quality of life of millions of people. The bacterial pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis. Moreover, it has been implicated in serious nonoral infections, including endocarditis and brain abscesses. Therefore, it is important to investigate how A. actinomycetemcomitans can cause disease. In the present study, we applied a mass spectrometry approach to make an inventory of the virulence factors secreted by different clinical A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates and derivative strains that emerged upon culturing. We subsequently correlated the secreted virulence factors to the pathogenicity of the investigated bacteria in different infection models. The results show that a limited number of extracellular virulence factors of A. actinomycetemcomitans have central roles in pathogenesis, indicating that they could be druggable targets to prevent or treat oral disease.
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4
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Tafaj G, Iniesta M, Sanz M, Herrera D. The subgingival cultivable bacteria of Albanian subjects with different periodontal status compared to a similar population of Spanish subjects: a case control study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:89. [PMID: 35321708 PMCID: PMC8944025 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective was to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the subgingival cultivable bacteria in Albanian subjects and to compare it with a similar Spanish population.
Materials and methods Consecutive patients, diagnosed as periodontitis in stages I–II or III–IV, and as periodontally healthy or with gingivitis, were studied clinically and microbiologically by means of microbiological culture, including total anaerobic counts, proportions, and frequency of detection of target species. Outcome variables were analysed by Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA, ANCOVA and Chi-square tests.
Results In this cross-sectional study, 83 (Albania) and 90 (Spain) subjects were included. No statistically significant differences were observed between test and control populations regarding demographic variables or smoking habit. Significantly higher total anaerobic counts in the Albanian population (p = 0.022) were observed, especially in the periodontal health/gingivitis group (p = 0.001). In the test population, the proportions of the cultivable bacteria of Fusobacterium nucleatum were significantly lower in both the healthy/gingivitis (p = 0.022) and stages I–II periodontitis (p = 0.034) groups.
Conclusions The subgingival cultivable bacteria in both periodontitis and non-periodontitis subjects from Albania showed significantly higher total anaerobic counts and lower proportions of the cultivable bacteria of F. nucleatum than a similar population of subjects from Spain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02121-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerila Tafaj
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.,Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Albanian University, Tirana, Albania
| | - Margarita Iniesta
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Prevalence of the JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the world population: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2317-2334. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Hbibi A, Bouziane A, Lyoussi B, Zouhdi M, Benazza D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Characterization of the Subgingival Cultivable Microbiota in Patients with Different Stages of Periodontitis in Spain and Colombia. A Cross-Sectional Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091940. [PMID: 34576835 PMCID: PMC8469102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to characterize and compare the subgingival microbiota in patients diagnosed according to the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions 2018. For this cross-sectional study, Spanish and Colombian subjects (characterized as health/gingivitis, periodontitis in stages I-II or stages III-IV) were clinically assessed, and subgingival samples were taken and processed by culture. The comparisons among patients with periodontal status (and between countries) was made using Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA and chi-square tests. The final sample consisted of 167 subjects. Eikenella corrodens and Parvimonas micra were more frequently detected in health/gingivitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontitis (p < 0.05). Higher total counts were observed in Colombia (p = 0.036). In Spain, significantly higher levels of P. gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus were observed, and of Tannerella forsythia, P. micra, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces odontolyticus and Capnocytophaga spp. in Colombia (p < 0.001). P. micra was more prevalent in health/gingivitis and stage I-II periodontitis in Colombia, and P. gingivalis in all periodontitis groups in Spain (p < 0.05). As conclusions, significant differences were detected in the microbiota between health/gingivitis and periodontitis, with minor differences between stages of periodontitis. Differences were also relevant between countries, with Colombia showing larger counts and variability of bacterial species.
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Jensen AB, Isidor F, Lund M, Væth M, Johansson A, Lauritsen NN, Haubek D. Prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Periodontal Findings among 14 to 15-Year Old Danish Adolescents: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121054. [PMID: 33339288 PMCID: PMC7765784 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis in adolescents. The knowledge on the prevalence of Aa and periodontitis among adolescents in Northern Europe is sparse. A total of 525 14- to 15-year-old adolescents from the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, underwent a full-mouth clinical examination. Plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples (SPS) and stimulated saliva samples (SSS) were collected and analyzed for the presence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of Aa using real-time PCR. A total of 70 (13.3%) individuals were positive for Aa, with 17 found in SPS, 19 in SSS, and 35 in both. The highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of Aa was not detected. The individuals positive for Aa in both SPS and SSS had poorer periodontal outcomes (PPD and CAL) than individuals without Aa and individuals carrying Aa in either SPS or SSS only. In conclusion, 13% of 14- to 15-year-old Danish adolescents were positive for Aa, and the presence of Aa in both SPS and SSS was associated with poorer periodontal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- The Municipality of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Flemming Isidor
- Section for Prosthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8210 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Michael Væth
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Anders Johansson
- Divison of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden;
| | | | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21-685-848
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Pahumunto N, Basic A, Östberg AK, Teanpaisan R, Dahlen G. Oral Lactobacillus strains reduce cytotoxicity and cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subtypes in vitro. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32917132 PMCID: PMC7488720 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effect of oral lactobacilli on the cytotoxicity and cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans subtypes in vitro. The supernatants and cell wall extracts (CWEs) of eight A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, representing different subtypes, and three Lactobacillus strains were used. The PBMCs from six blood donors were exposed to supernatants and CWEs of A. actinomycetemcomitans or Lactobacillus strains alone or combinations and untreated cells as control. The cytotoxicity was determined by trypan blue exclusion method and IL-1β secretion by ELISA. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 secretions were measured using Bioplex Multiplex Immunoassay. Results Supernatants or CWEs from all bacterial strains showed cytotoxicity and IL-1β secretion and the subtypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans showed generally a significantly higher effect on PBMCs than that of the Lactobacillus strains. Two highly toxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains (JP2 and JP2-like) induced a higher response than all other strains. When combined, Lactobacillus significantly reduced the toxicity and the IL-1β secretion induced by A. acinomycetemcomitans. The effect varied between the subtypes and the reduction was highest for the JP2 and JP2-like strains. The Lactobacillus paracasei strain SD1 had a higher reducing effect than the other Lactobacillus strains. This strain had a consistent reducing effect on all subtypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans cytotoxicity, and release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α from PBMCs of the blood donors. A strong and significant variation in cytokine release between the six blood donors was noticed. Conclusions Lactobacillus spp. and L. paracasei SD1 in particular, showed a limited but statistically significant reducing interaction with A. actinomycetemcomitans toxicity and release of cytokines in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and JP2 outcomes related to clinical status over 6 years under periodontal maintenance therapy. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 116:104747. [PMID: 32422332 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This 6-year study evaluatedAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans outcomes and their relationship to clinical status. DESIGN From the eligible individuals (23-70 years of age), 31 regular compliers (between-visit interval < 6 months) were randomly selected and matched for age/sex with 31 irregular compliers (between-visit interval > 6 months). Periodontal clinical examination and subgingival samples were obtained 5 times: T1 (baseline), T2 (after active periodontal therapy), T3 (2 years), T4 (4 years), and T5 (6 years). Total bacteria load, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and red complex species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola levels were determined by qPCR while PCR was used to determine the occurrence of the a-b-c-d-e-f-g serotypes and the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Data between groups was compared over time. RESULTS At baseline PCR revealed A. actinomycetemcomitans prevalence of 9.7 % and JP2 prevalence of 6.7 %. A. actinomycetemcomitans qPCR levels were higher among individuals < 35 years of age and increased at T2 in irregular compliers. At in irregular compliers at the three follow-up visits. Serotypes a, d, and f showed greater values in at least one follow-up visit in regular compliers. A. actinomycetemcomitans showed negative correlation with probing depth (PD) while serotype b showed negative correlations with PD, PI, clinical attachment level and red complex. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinally, compliance during PMT contributed to lower A. actinomycetemcomitans levels with some degree of correlation with clinical status. However, this study failed to report any positive effect on the occurrence of the most virulent representatives, i.e. serotype b and the JP2 clone.
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Fert-Bober J, Darrah E, Andrade F. Insights into the study and origin of the citrullinome in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2019; 294:133-147. [PMID: 31876028 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells to citrullinated proteins and citrullinating enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), together with the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid joints, provides substantial evidence that dysregulated citrullination is a hallmark feature of RA. However, understanding mechanisms that dysregulate citrullination in RA has important challenges. Citrullination is a normal process in immune and non-immune cells, which is likely activated by different conditions (eg, inflammation) with no pathogenic consequences. In a complex inflammatory environment such as the RA joint, unique strategies are therefore required to dissect specific mechanisms involved in the abnormal production of citrullinated proteins. Here, we will review current models of citrullination in RA and discuss critical components that, in our view, are relevant to understanding the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in the RA joint, collectively referred to as the RA citrullinome. In particular, we will focus on potential caveats in the study of citrullination in RA and will highlight methods to precisely detect citrullinated proteins in complex biological samples, which is a confirmatory approach to mechanistically link the RA citrullinome with unique pathogenic pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Rojas L, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Rojas C, Cafferata EA, Hernández M, Cortéz C, Carvajal P, Vernal R. Inhibitory effect of serotype a of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on the increased destructive potential of serotype b. Oral Dis 2019; 26:409-418. [PMID: 31738464 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) induces higher cytokine production in dendritic cells (DCs) compared with the other serotypes. However, this increased immunostimulatory potential was modified when DCs were co-infected with the other A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. This study aimed to analyze whether the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9, as well as the activity of osteoclasts, also varies when DCs are co-infected with the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human DCs were stimulated with the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes using the following stimulatory conditions: serotype a/b/c/a+b/a+c/b+c/a+b+c. The IFN-γ, CRP, and MMP-2 levels were quantified by ELISA. The active form of MMP-9 was quantified using fluorescent functional assays. The MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity was identified by zymogram. The osteoclast activity was determined by quantifying the TRAP expression and resorption-pit formation using cytochemistry and osteoassays. RESULTS Higher levels of IFN-γ, CRP, MMP-2, MMP-9, and osteoclast activity were detected when DCs were stimulated with the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with the others. This increased immunostimulatory potential attributed to serotype b diminished when DCs were co-infected with the serotype a. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the virulence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and reveals important differences in the immunostimulatory and pro-destructive potential among its serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortéz
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Gómez-Bañuelos E, Mukherjee A, Darrah E, Andrade F. Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091309. [PMID: 31454946 PMCID: PMC6780899 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by immune-mediated damage of synovial joints and antibodies to citrullinated antigens. Periodontal disease, a bacterial-induced inflammatory disease of the periodontium, is commonly observed in RA and has implicated periodontal pathogens as potential triggers of the disease. In particular, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans have gained interest as microbial candidates involved in RA pathogenesis by inducing the production of citrullinated antigens. Here, we will discuss the clinical and mechanistic evidence surrounding the role of these periodontal bacteria in RA pathogenesis, which highlights a key area for the treatment and preventive interventions in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amarshi Mukherjee
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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14
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Konig MF, Giles JT, Teles RP, Moutsopoulos NM, Andrade F. Response to comment on " Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis". Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/433/eaao3031. [PMID: 29563318 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to leukotoxin A are markers that link Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F Konig
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ricardo P Teles
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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15
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Jensen AB, Haubek D, Claesson R, Johansson A, Nørskov‐Lauritsen N. Comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a large collection of clinical strains ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansdoes not identify resistance to amoxicillin. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:846-854. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B. Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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16
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Serotype a of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans down-regulates the increased serotype b-induced cytokine and chemokine production in dendritic cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:155-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Monasterio G, Castillo F, Ibarra JP, Guevara J, Rojas L, Alvarez C, Fernández B, Agüero A, Betancur D, Vernal R. Alveolar bone resorption and Th1/Th17-associated immune response triggered duringAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced experimental periodontitis are serotype-dependent. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1249-1261. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Ibarra
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - José Guevara
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Baltasar Fernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Amaru Agüero
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Daniel Betancur
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Dentistry Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
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18
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Tsai CC, Ho YP, Chou YS, Ho KY, Wu YM, Lin YC. Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actimycetemcomitans leukotoxin and human periodontitis - A historic review with emphasis on JP2. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:186-193. [PMID: 29655406 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actimycetemcomitans (Aa) is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human oral cavity and is causative agent for localized aggressive (juvenile) periodontitis (AgP). In the middle of 1990s, a specific JP2 clone of belonging to the cluster of serotype b strains of Aa with highly leukotoxicity (leukotoxin, LtxA) able to kill human immune cells was isolated. JP2 clone of Aa was strongly associated with in particularly in rapidly progressing forms of aggressive periodontitis. The JP2 clone of Aa is transmitted through close contacts. Therefore, AgP patients need intense monitoring of their periodontal status as the risk for developing severely progressing periodontitis lesions are relatively high. Furthermore, timely periodontal treatment, including periodontal surgery supplemented by the use of antibiotics, is warranted. More importantly, periodontal attachment loss should be prevented by early detection of the JP2 clone of Aa by microbial diagnosis testing and/or preventive means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ping Ho
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shian Chou
- Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yen Ho
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Lin
- College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Konig MF, Abusleme L, Reinholdt J, Palmer RJ, Teles RP, Sampson K, Rosen A, Nigrovic PA, Sokolove J, Giles JT, Moutsopoulos NM, Andrade F. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:369ra176. [PMID: 27974664 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaj1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been suspected since the beginnings of modern germ theory. Recent studies implicate mucosal surfaces as sites of disease initiation. The common occurrence of periodontal dysbiosis in RA suggests that oral pathogens may trigger the production of disease-specific autoantibodies and arthritis in susceptible individuals. We used mass spectrometry to define the microbial composition and antigenic repertoire of gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls. Periodontitis was characterized by the presence of citrullinated autoantigens that are primary immune targets in RA. The citrullinome in periodontitis mirrored patterns of hypercitrullination observed in the rheumatoid joint, implicating this mucosal site in RA pathogenesis. Proteomic signatures of several microbial species were detected in hypercitrullinated periodontitis samples. Among these, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), but not other candidate pathogens, induced hypercitrullination in host neutrophils. We identified the pore-forming toxin leukotoxin A (LtxA) as the molecular mechanism by which Aa triggers dysregulated activation of citrullinating enzymes in neutrophils, mimicking membranolytic pathways that sustain autoantigen citrullination in the RA joint. Moreover, LtxA induced changes in neutrophil morphology mimicking extracellular trap formation, thereby releasing the hypercitrullinated cargo. Exposure to leukotoxic Aa strains was confirmed in patients with RA and was associated with both anticitrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor. The effect of human lymphocyte antigen-DRB1 shared epitope alleles on autoantibody positivity was limited to RA patients who were exposed to Aa These studies identify the periodontal pathogen Aa as a candidate bacterial trigger of autoimmunity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert J Palmer
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ricardo P Teles
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevon Sampson
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antony Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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20
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Joshi VM, Bhat KG, Kugaji MS, Shirahatti R. Characterization and serotype distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Relationship of serotypes to herpesvirus and periodontal status in Indian subjects. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:189-195. [PMID: 28668607 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in any individual depends on the type of strain of this bacterium. To our knowledge, there have been no studies reported in Indian subjects about A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype occurrence, co-existence with herpes virus and the possible influence of such co-existence on periodontal pathology. METHODS Subjects for this study were a subset of a larger study to identify the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in chronic periodontitis. A total of 63 subjects (12 periodontally healthy and 51 with chronic periodontitis) who were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans were serotyped for strain-level identification. The presence of Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was tested in subgingival plaque samples by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All five serotypes a to e were detected. Of the samples analyzed 38.09% harbored a single serotype, 36.5% had two serotypes, 6.3% demonstrated three and 4.7% demonstrated four serotypes. None of the samples showed presence of JP2 strain. Serotypes b, c, and e were most frequently identified in these individuals (46.03%, 36.5% and 38.09% respectively). Presence of serotypes b and c and absence of serotype d was associated with increased PD and CAL. Among 63 samples analyzed, 11 samples had CMV, four samples had EBV and nine samples had both these viruses. The PD and CAL were significantly higher (p = 0.04) when a combination of CMV and one of the serotypes was present indicating a pathological role of the coexistence. CONCLUSION Multiple serotypes are associated with chronic periodontitis in Indians, however, JP2 strains are not detectable in this cohort. Presence of multiple serotypes and a combination of any serotype with herpesvirus is associated with greater severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak M Joshi
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar S Kugaji
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Shirahatti
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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21
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Impact of CDT Toxin on Human Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070220. [PMID: 27429000 PMCID: PMC4963852 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is found in Gram-negative bacteria, especially in certain Proteobacteria such as the Pasteurellaceae family, including Haemophilus ducreyi and Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, in the Enterobacteriaceae family and the Campylobacterales order, including the Campylobacter and Helicobacter species. In vitro and in vivo studies have clearly shown that this toxin has a strong effect on cellular physiology (inflammation, immune response modulation, tissue damage). Some works even suggest a potential involvement of CDT in cancers. In this review, we will discuss these different aspects.
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22
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Characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in subgingival samples from periodontitis subjects in Morocco. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1809-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Qadri T, Javed F, Johannsen G, Gustafsson A. Role of Diode Lasers (800–980 Nm) as Adjuncts to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:568-75. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Talat Qadri
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Fawad Javed
- Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Gunnar Johannsen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders Gustafsson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Pahumunto N, Ruangsri P, Wongsuwanlert M, Piwat S, Dahlen G, Teanpaisan R. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and DGGE subtypes in Thai adults with chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1789-96. [PMID: 26475998 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and DGGE subtypes among isolates from Thai chronic periodontitis patients. DESIGN Forty-four adult Thai periodontitis patients were assessed by a full mouth recording for CAL, PPD, and BOP. Seventy-nine strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans were isolated from deep pockets on selective TSBV agar and 17 strains were isolated from shallow pockets. The strains were serotyped using PCR and subtyped using DGGE. RESULTS The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 84.1%. Non-serotypeable A. actinomycetemcomitans strains occurred equally frequent as serotypeable (54.5%); serotype a 18.2%, serotype c 15.9%, serotype e 9.1%, and serotype f 11.4%. Serotype b and d were not detected. A JP2 like strain but serotyped as c was isolated from two patients, and another two strains showed an 886bp insertion on the ltx promoter of their A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. DGGE typing disclosed 16 different subtypes among the non-serotypeable strains. Two of them (NS1 and NS2) were more common (12.7 and 10.1%) among the strains than the other 14 subtypes (˂5.1%). Most patients showed only one subtype (32.4%) but 29.7% had 2 and 3 different subtypes while 8.1% revealed 4 subtypes in one and the same deep pocket. CONCLUSION This study showed a greater subtype diversity of A. actinomycetemcomitans predominated by non-serotypeable strains than previously reported in an adult Thai population. It was also revealed for the first time that isolates with a 530bp deletion or 886bp insertion of the ltx promoter were serotyped as serotype c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and the Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Praphansri Ruangsri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Mutita Wongsuwanlert
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Supatcharin Piwat
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center and the Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
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25
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Melgar-Rodríguez S, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Alvarez C, Rojas L, Monasterio G, Carvajal P, Escobar A, Sanz M, Vernal R. Serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increases osteoclast and memory T-lymphocyte activation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:162-74. [PMID: 26172400 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During periodontitis, alveolar bone resorption is associated with activation of T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclasts. We previously reported that serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has a higher capacity to trigger Th17-type differentiation and function in activated T lymphocytes and its lipopolysaccharide is a more potent immunogen compared with the other serotypes. This study aimed to investigate whether serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans induces higher Th17-associated RANKL production, RANKL-induced osteoclast activation, and antigen-specific memory T lymphocyte proliferation. On naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes stimulated with autologous dendritic cells primed with different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes, RANKL production, T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2 and Foxp3 expression, RORC2/RANKL intracellular double-expression, TRAP(+) osteoclast activation, and bone resorption were quantified. The frequency of proliferating memory T lymphocytes in response to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes was determined in periodontitis and healthy subjects. Naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes stimulated by serotype b-primed dendritic cells elicited higher levels of RANKL, RORC2, TRAP(+) osteoclasts, and bone resorption than the same cells stimulated with the other serotypes. RANKL positively correlated and co-expressed with RORC2. Memory T lymphocytes responding to serotype b were more frequently detected in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects. These results indicate that serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans is associated with higher production of RANKL and these increased levels are associated with Th17 lymphocyte induction, osteoclast activation, and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Carvajal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Escobar
- Dental Sciences Institute, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Sanz
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Li Y, Guo H, Wang X, Lu Y, Yang C, Yang P. Coinfection with Fusobacterium nucleatum can enhance the attachment and invasion of Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to human gingival epithelial cells. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1387-93. [PMID: 26143497 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate effects of coinfection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) on their adhering and invasive capacity to human gingival epithelial cells as well as the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in human gingival epithelial cells. DESIGN P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were tested for their ability to attach and invade a human gingival epithelial cell line (Ca9-22) alone or coinfecting with F. nucleatum. Also, expression levels of IL-8 and hBD-2 were detected respectively using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) when Ca9-22 cells were infected with P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans alone or coinfecting with F. nucleatum. RESULTS F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were allowed to adhere and invade Ca9-22 cells, either each strain alone or under coinfection. The adhering and invasive abilities of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly greater when they were coincubated with F. nucleatum (P<0.05) than either of them alone. These enhancements were inhibited by galactose. In addition, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans inhibited the activation of IL-8 and hBD-2 by F. nucleatum. Also, galactose disrupted this inhibition on the expression of IL-8 and hBD-2. CONCLUSION These results suggested coinfection with F. nucleatum can enhance adhesion and invasion of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans to Ca9-22 cells, as well as inhibition on host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xijun Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | | - Pishan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Shandong provincial key laboratory of oral tissue regeneration, Jinan, PR China.
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