1
|
Tsolakis IA, Verikokos C, Perrea D, Perlea P, Alexiou KE, Yfanti Z, Lyros I, Georgaki M, Papadopoulou E, Tsolakis AI. Effects of Diet Consistency on Rat Maxillary and Mandibular Growth within Three Generations-A Longitudinal CBCT Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1260. [PMID: 37759659 PMCID: PMC10526017 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, wistar rats were used to examine the impact of diet consistency on maxillary and mandibular growth over three generations. METHODS In this investigation, a breeding sample of 60 female and 8 male wistar rats was used. Measuring was only performed on female animals. The first generation's primary breeding sample consisted of 20 female wistar rats that were 30 days old and 4 male rats that were also 30 days old; two subsequent generations were created from these animals. At the age of 100 days, CBCTs were collected of all male rats. Twenty-eight craniofacial landmarks were selected for the linear measurements on stl format extracted from the DICOM files. A Bonferroni test was performed for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Means of measurements of all soft diet groups compared to corresponding measurements of the hard diet groups were significantly different. According to linear measurements, there was statistical difference on the maxillary measurements between the soft diet groups of the first and third generation, while the rest did not appear to have any statistical difference. There was significant difference for the mandibular dimensions only when the first generation soft diet group was compared with the third generation soft diet group. CONCLUSIONS Food consistency has a significant impact on the growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. Soft diet habits may result in retrognathic mandible, and narrower maxilla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-7342, USA
| | - Christos Verikokos
- Second Department of Surgery, “Laikon Hospital”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Paula Perlea
- Department of Endodontics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantina-Eleni Alexiou
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Zafeiroula Yfanti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lyros
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Erofili Papadopoulou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos I. Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-7342, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nottmeier C, Lavicky J, Gonzalez Lopez M, Knauth S, Kahl-Nieke B, Amling M, Schinke T, Helms J, Krivanek J, Koehne T, Petersen J. Mechanical-induced bone remodeling does not depend on Piezo1 in dentoalveolar hard tissue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9563. [PMID: 37308580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory ion channels are proteins that are sensitive to mechanical forces. They are found in tissues throughout the body and play an important role in bone remodeling by sensing changes in mechanical stress and transmitting signals to bone-forming cells. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a prime example of mechanically induced bone remodeling. However, the cell-specific role of the ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 in OTM has not been investigated yet. Here we first identify the expression of PIEZO1/2 in the dentoalveolar hard tissues. Results showed that PIEZO1 was expressed in odontoblasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, while PIEZO2 was localized in odontoblasts and cementoblasts. We therefore used a Piezo1floxed/floxed mouse model in combination with Dmp1cre to inactivate Piezo1 in mature osteoblasts/cementoblasts, osteocytes/cementocytes, and odontoblasts. Inactivation of Piezo1 in these cells did not affect the overall morphology of the skull but caused significant bone loss in the craniofacial skeleton. Histological analysis revealed a significantly increased number of osteoclasts in Piezo1floxed/floxed;Dmp1cre mice, while osteoblasts were not affected. Despite this increased number of osteoclasts, orthodontic tooth movement was not altered in these mice. Our results suggest that despite Piezo1 being crucial for osteoclast function, it may be dispensable for mechanical sensing of bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cita Nottmeier
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany
| | - Josef Lavicky
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcos Gonzalez Lopez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Knauth
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany
| | - Bärbel Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jill Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany.
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsolakis IA, Verikokos C, Papaioannou W, Alexiou KE, Yfanti Z, Perrea D, Tsolakis AI. Long-Term Effect of Diet Consistency on Mandibular Growth within Three Generations: A Longitudinal Cephalometric Study in Rats. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040568. [PMID: 37106767 PMCID: PMC10136091 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of diet consistency on mandibular growth of Wistar rats through three generations. METHODS A total breeding sample of 60 female and 8 male Wistar rats were used in this study. Measurements took place only on female animals. Twenty female Wistar rats at 30 days old and four male rats at 30 days old comprised the primary breeding sample of the first generation, and from these animals two different generations were reproduced. Lateral cephalometric X-rays were taken from all female rats at the age of 100 days. A total of 7 craniofacial landmarks were selected for the linear measurements, and 12 curves and 90 landmarks were selected for geometric morphometric analysis of the lateral X-rays. Bonferroni test and a permutation test were performed for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Means of measurements of all soft diet groups compared to hard diet groups were significantly smaller. According to linear measurements, there was a significant difference only between the first-generation soft diet with the third-generation soft diet group. According to geometric morphometric analysis, the statistical differences appeared on the condylar process and the angle of the mandible. CONCLUSIONS The soft diet could be responsible for less mandibular growth, and this information might be passing through generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54154 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christos Verikokos
- Second Department of Surgery, "Laikon Hospital", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - William Papaioannou
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina-Eleni Alexiou
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Zafeiroula Yfanti
- Department of Oral Diagnosis & Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos I Tsolakis
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 10679 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alghamdi B, Jeon HH, Ni J, Qiu D, Liu A, Hong JJ, Ali M, Wang A, Troka M, Graves DT. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:128-146. [PMID: 36862360 PMCID: PMC10696608 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of the immune cells and their interaction with cells found in gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone that leads to net bone loss in periodontitis or bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases causing inflammation in the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium and is initiated by bacteria that induce a host response. Although the innate and adaptive immune response function cooperatively to prevent bacterial dissemination, they also play a major role in gingival inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone characteristic of periodontitis. The inflammatory response is triggered by bacteria or their products that bind to pattern recognition receptors that induce transcription factor activity to stimulate cytokine and chemokine expression. Epithelial, fibroblast/stromal, and resident leukocytes play a key role in initiating the host response and contribute to periodontal disease. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments have added new insight into the roles of various cell types in the response to bacterial challenge. This response is modified by systemic conditions such as diabetes and smoking. In contrast to periodontitis, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a sterile inflammatory response induced by mechanical force. Orthodontic force application stimulates acute inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone stimulated by cytokines and chemokines that produce bone resorption on the compression side. On the tension side, orthodontic forces induce the production of osteogenic factors, stimulating new bone formation. A number of different cell types, cytokines, and signaling/pathways are involved in this complex process. Inflammatory and mechanical force-induced bone remodeling involves bone resorption and bone formation. The interaction of leukocytes with host stromal cells and osteoblastic cells plays a key role in both initiating the inflammatory events as well as inducing a cellular cascade that results in remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement or in tissue destruction in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alghamdi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alyssia Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie J Hong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mamoon Ali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Troka
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdollahzadeh H, Amoabediny G, Haghiralsadat F, Rahimi F, Adibfar A. Liposomal Doxorubicin Kinetic Study in an In vitro 2D and 3D Tumor Model for Osteosarcoma in a Perfusion Bioreactor. Pharm Nanotechnol 2023; 11:447-459. [PMID: 37138490 DOI: 10.2174/2211738511666230501202946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo drug screening in animal models is contrary to ethical values, costly and time-consuming. Traditional static in vitro models do not reflect the basic characteristics of bone tumor microenvironments; therefore, perfusion bioreactors, in particular, would be an applicable choice due to their advantages to regenerate versatile bone tumor models for studying in vitro novel drug delivery systems. METHODS In this study, an optimal drug formulation of liposomal doxorubicin was prepared, and the release kinetics of the drug and its toxicity effect on MG-63 bone cancer cell line were investigated in two-dimensional, static three-dimensional media on a PLGA/β-TCP scaffold and also in a dynamic media in a perfusion bioreactor. In this assay, the efficacy of the IC50 of this formulation which had been obtained in two-dimensional cell culture (= 0.1 μg/ml), was studied in static and dynamic threedimensional media after 3 and 7 days. Liposomes with good morphology and encapsulation efficiency of 95% had release kinetics of the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. RESULTS The results of cell growth before treatment and cell viability after treatment in all three environments were compared. Cell growth in 2D was rapid, while it was slow in static 3D conditions. In the dynamic 3D environment, it was significant compared to the static tumor models. Cell viability after 3 and 7 days from treatment was 54.73% and 13.39% in 2D conditions, 72.27% and 26.78% in the static 3D model, while 100% and 78.92% in the dynamic culture indicating the effect of drug toxicity over time, but drug resistance of 3D models compared to 2D culture. In the bioreactor, the formulation used in the mentioned concentration showed very small cytotoxicity demonstrating the dominance of mechanical stimuli on cell growth over drug toxicity. CONCLUSION Increasing drug resistance in 3D models compared to 2D models indicates the superiority of liposomal Dox over free form to reduce IC50 concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Amoabediny
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering at the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Haghiralsadat
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - F Rahimi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Medical Sciences, and Research Center and Laboratory of New Nano-technology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Adibfar
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Statistical analysis of parameters for the ramus, teeth, and biomechanical stress: A retrospective study. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 144:105571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Murshid SA. Bone permeability and mechanotransduction: Some current insights into the function of the lacunar-canalicular network. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101730. [PMID: 35032785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lacunar-canalicular (LC) permeability involves the passage of fluids, nutrients, oxygen, ions, and signalling molecules through bone tissue, facilitating the maintenance of bone vitality and function and responses to various physiological conditions and diseases. LC permeability and fluid flow-shear stress/drag force play important roles in mechanotransduction in bone tissue by inducing mechanical stimuli in osteocytes, modulating cellular functions, and determining bone adaptation. Alterations in LC structure may therefore influence the fluid flow pattern through the LC network, thereby affecting the ability of osteocytes to sense and translate mechanical signals and possibly contributing to bone remodelling. Several bone-health conditions are associated with changes in LC structure and function and may affect mechanotransduction and responses, although the mechanisms underlying these associations are still not fully understood. In this review, recent studies of LC networks, their formation and transfer mechanical stimuli, and changes in structure, functional permeability, and mechanotransduction that result from age, pathology, and mechanical loading are discussed. Additionally, applications of vibration and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in bone healthcare and regeneration fields are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakhr Ahmed Murshid
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE); Ilmajoki Health Public Dental Clinics, Social and Health Care Services in Jalasjärvi, Ilmajoki, Kurikka, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sobrinho JEM, Aguiar MT, Machado LC, Carlos ACAM, Nunes Alves APN, Mesquita KC, de Miranda Candeiro GT, de Barros Silva PG. Intense orthodontic forces induces the three dental pulp nitric oxide synthases isoforms and leads to orofacial discomfort in rats. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:485-493. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Thaynara Aguiar
- Christus University Center Department of Dentistry Laboratory of Pathology Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil
| | - Larissa Carvalho Machado
- Christus University Center Department of Dentistry Laboratory of Pathology Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil
| | | | | | - Karine Cestaro Mesquita
- Christus University Center Department of Dentistry Laboratory of Pathology Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehta S, Chen PJ, Kalajzic Z, Ahmida A, Yadav S. Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption with near and distant surgical insults: An in-vivo study on a rat model. Int Orthod 2021; 19:591-600. [PMID: 34716100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of alveolar decortications (AD) closer and farther from the tooth on Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and root resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Wistar rats (age 17 weeks) were used in the study. Three groups were formed by randomly dividing the rats into: 1) Control Group (N=8): OTM (14 days) without any surgical insult; 2) Near Group (N=8) OTM (14 days)+Alveolar Decortications (AD) adjacent to roots of the maxillary first molar; 3) Far Group (N=8) OTM (14 days)+AD 5mm away from the roots of the maxillary first molar. OTM was performed using a closed coil Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) spring to apply a mesial force on maxillary first molars of 8-10 grams. AD was performed with high-speed quarter round bur on the palatal aspect of alveolar bone. The rats were euthanized after 2 weeks of OTM and microfocus computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. RESULTS Near-AD and Far-AD groups exhibited significantly increased OTM and reduction of Bone volume fraction compared to control. The root volume was significantly decreased (increased root resorption) in the Near-AD group. Histological analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Alveolar decortications lead to a significant increase in the rate of OTM. Increased root resorption was observed when the alveolar decortications were performed close to the maxillary molar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Mehta
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Department of Developmental Sciences/Orthodontics, WI, Milwaukee, USA.
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- University of Connecticut Health, Division of Orthodontics, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zana Kalajzic
- Division of Oral Medicine, University of Connecticut, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ahmad Ahmida
- University of Connecticut Health, Division of Orthodontics, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- University of Connecticut Health, Division of Orthodontics, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaplan M, Kalajzic Z, Choi T, Maleeh I, Ricupero CL, Skelton MN, Daily ML, Chen J, Wadhwa S. The role of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis in mediating orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal remodeling: a pilot study. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:21. [PMID: 34308514 PMCID: PMC8310814 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been shown to induce osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone shortly after force application. However, how osteocyte apoptosis affects orthodontic tooth movement is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis on osteoclastogenesis, changes in the alveolar bone density, and the magnitude of OTM using a bisphosphonate analog (IG9402), a drug that affects osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis but does not affect osteoclasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two sets of experiments were performed. Experiment 1 was used to specifically evaluate the effect of IG9402 on osteocyte apoptosis in the alveolar bone during 24 h of OTM. For this experiment, twelve mice were divided into two groups: group 1, saline administration + OTM24-h (n=6), and group 2, IG9402 administration + OTM24-h (n=6). The contralateral unloaded sides served as the control. The goal of experiment 2 was to evaluate the role of osteocyte apoptosis on OTM magnitude and osteoclastogenesis 10 days after OTM. Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups: group 1, saline administration without OTM (n=5); group 2, IG9402 administration without OTM (n=5); group 3, saline + OTM10-day (n=6); and group 4, IG9402 + OTM10-day (n=4). For both experiments, tooth movement was achieved using Ultra Light (25g) Sentalloy Closed Coil Springs attached between the first maxillary molar and the central incisor. Linear measurements of tooth movement and alveolar bone density (BVF) were assessed by MicroCT analysis. Cell death (or apoptosis) was assessed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, while osteoclast and macrophage formation were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F4/80+ immunostaining. RESULTS We found that IG9402 significantly blocked osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone (AB) at 24 h of OTM. At 10 days, IG9402 prevented OTM-induced loss of alveolar bone density and changed the morphology and quality of osteoclasts and macrophages, but did not significantly affect the amount of tooth movement. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that osteocyte apoptosis may play a significant role in osteoclast and macrophage formation during OTM, but does not seem to play a role in the magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Kaplan
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zana Kalajzic
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Choi
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Imad Maleeh
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Ricupero
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle N Skelton
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeleine L Daily
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Wadhwa
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Zhan Q, Bao M, Yi J, Li Y. Biomechanical and biological responses of periodontium in orthodontic tooth movement: up-date in a new decade. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:20. [PMID: 34183652 PMCID: PMC8239047 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular. However, the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have not been fully elucidated. We were aiming to summarize the evidences regarding the mechanisms of OTM. Firstly, we introduced the research models as a basis for further discussion of mechanisms. Secondly, we proposed a new hypothesis regarding the primary roles of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and osteocytes involved in OTM mechanisms and summarized the biomechanical and biological responses of the periodontium in OTM through four steps, basically in OTM temporal sequences, as follows: (1) Extracellular mechanobiology of periodontium: biological, mechanical, and material changes of acellular components in periodontium under orthodontic forces were introduced. (2) Cell strain: the sensing, transduction, and regulation of mechanical stimuli in PDLCs and osteocytes. (3) Cell activation and differentiation: the activation and differentiation mechanisms of osteoblast and osteoclast, the force-induced sterile inflammation, and the communication networks consisting of sensors and effectors. (4) Tissue remodeling: the remodeling of bone and periodontal ligament (PDL) in the compression side and tension side responding to mechanical stimuli and root resorption. Lastly, we talked about the clinical implications of the updated OTM mechanisms, regarding optimal orthodontic force (OOF), acceleration of OTM, and prevention of root resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei T, Xie Y, Wen X, Zhao N, Shen G. Establishment of in vitro three-dimensional cementocyte differentiation scaffolds to study orthodontic root resorption. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3174-3184. [PMID: 32855686 PMCID: PMC7444329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic-induced root resorption is a severe side effect that can lead to tooth root shortening and loss. Compressive force induces tissue stress in the cementum that covers the tooth root, which is associated with activation of bone metabolism and cementum resorption. To investigate the role of cementocytes in mechanotransduction and osteoclast differentiation, the present study established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model replicating cellular cementum and observed the effects of static compression on the cellular behavior of the cementocytes. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase staining and dentin matrix protein 1 quantification were used to evaluate the cementocyte differentiation in the 3D scaffolds. Cellular viability under static compression was evaluated using live/dead staining, and expression of mineral metabolism-related genes were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results suggested that the cementocytes maintained their phenotype and increased the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin (SOST) in the 3D model compared with cells cultured in two dimensions. Compression force increased cell death and induced osteoclastic differentiation via the upregulation of SOST and RANKL/OPG ratio, and the downregulation of osteocalcin. The effect of compression showed a force magnitude-dependent pattern. The present study established an in vitro model of cellular cementum to study the biology of cementocytes. The results indicated that cementocytes are sensitive to mechanical loading and may serve potential roles in the metabolic regulation of minerals during orthodontic root resorption. These findings provide a novel tool to study biological processes in the field of orthodontics and expand knowledge of the biological function of cementocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Shanghai 200001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tresguerres F, Torres J, López-Quiles J, Hernández G, Vega J, Tresguerres I. The osteocyte: A multifunctional cell within the bone. Ann Anat 2020; 227:151422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.151422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
14
|
Alcaraz JP, Cinquin P, Martin DK. Tackling the Concept of Symbiotic Implantable Medical Devices with Nanobiotechnologies. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800102. [PMID: 30367543 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review takes an approach to implanted medical devices that considers whether the intention of the implanted device is to have any communication of energy or materials with the body. The first part describes some specific examples of three different classes of implants, analyzed with regards to the type of signal sent to cells. Through several examples, the authors describe that a one way signaling to the body leads to encapsulation or degradation. In most cases, those phenomena do not lead to major problems. However, encapsulation or degradation are critical for new kinds of medical devices capable of duplex communication, which are defined in this review as symbiotic devices. The concept the authors propose is that implanted medical devices that need to be symbiotic with the body also need to be designed with an intended duplex communication of energy and materials with the body. This extends the definition of a biocompatible system to one that requires stable exchange of materials between the implanted device and the body. Having this novel concept in mind will guide research in a new field between medical implant and regenerative medicine to create actual symbiotic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Alcaraz
- Univverity Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,SyNaBi, Pavillon Taillefer, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche 38706, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Cinquin
- Univverity Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,SyNaBi, Pavillon Taillefer, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche 38706, Grenoble, France
| | - Donald K Martin
- Univverity Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,SyNaBi, Pavillon Taillefer, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche 38706, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fricain J, Aid R, Lanouar S, Maurel D, Le Nihouannen D, Delmond S, Letourneur D, Amedee Vilamitjana J, Catros S. In-vitro and in-vivo design and validation of an injectable polysaccharide-hydroxyapatite composite material for sinus floor augmentation. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1024-1035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
16
|
Yang CY, Jeon HH, Alshabab A, Lee YJ, Chung CH, Graves DT. RANKL deletion in periodontal ligament and bone lining cells blocks orthodontic tooth movement. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29483595 PMCID: PMC5944595 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-017-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone remodeling process in response to orthodontic forces requires the activity of osteoclasts to allow teeth to move in the direction of the force applied. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for this process although its cellular source in response to orthodontic forces has not been determined. Orthodontic tooth movement is considered to be an aseptic inflammatory process that is stimulated by leukocytes including T and B lymphocytes which are presumed to stimulate bone resorption. We determined whether periodontal ligament and bone lining cells were an essential source of RANKL by tamoxifen induced deletion of RANKL in which Cre recombinase was driven by a 3.2 kb reporter element of the Col1α1 gene in experimental mice (Col1α1.CreERTM+.RANKLf/f) and compared results with littermate controls (Col1α1.CreERTM-.RANKLf/f). By examination of Col1α1.CreERTM+.ROSA26 reporter mice we showed tissue specificity of tamoxifen induced Cre recombinase predominantly in the periodontal ligament and bone lining cells. Surprisingly we found that most of the orthodontic tooth movement and formation of osteoclasts was blocked in the experimental mice, which also had a reduced periodontal ligament space. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that RANKL produced by periodontal ligament and bone lining cells provide the major driving force for tooth movement and osteoclastogenesis in response to orthodontic forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Alshabab
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chun-Hsi Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Osteocyte regulation of orthodontic force-mediated tooth movement via RANKL expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8753. [PMID: 28821826 PMCID: PMC5562866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of the alveolar bone surrounding roots of teeth. Upon the application of orthodontic force, osteoclastic bone resorption occurs on the compression side of alveolar bone, towards which the teeth are driven. However, the molecular basis for the regulatory mechanisms underlying alveolar bone remodeling has not been sufficiently elucidated. Osteoclastogenesis is regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which is postulated to be expressed by the cells surrounding the tooth roots. Here, we show that osteocytes are the critical source of RANKL in alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. Using a newly established method for the isolation of periodontal tissue component cells from alveolar bone, we found that osteocytes expressed a much higher amount of RANKL than other cells did in periodontal tissue. The critical role of osteocyte-derived RANKL was confirmed by the reduction of orthodontic tooth movement in mice specifically lacking RANKL in osteocytes. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence for the key role of osteocyte-derived RANKL in alveolar bone remodeling, establishing a molecular basis for orthodontic force-mediated bone resorption.
Collapse
|