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Kim TH, Heo SY, Chandika P, Kim YM, Kim HW, Kang HW, Je JY, Qian ZJ, Kim N, Jung WK. A literature review of bioactive substances for the treatment of periodontitis: In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24216. [PMID: 38293511 PMCID: PMC10826675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the tooth that involves a complex interaction of microorganisms and various cell lines around the infected site. To prevent and treat this disease, several options are available, such as scaling, root planning, antibiotic treatment, and dental surgeries, depending on the stage of the disease. However, these treatments can have various side effects, including additional inflammatory responses, chronic wounds, and the need for secondary surgery. Consequently, numerous studies have focused on developing new therapeutic agents for more effective periodontitis treatment. This review explores the latest trends in bioactive substances with therapeutic effects for periodontitis using various search engines. Therefore, this study aimed to suggest effective directions for therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we provide a summary of the current applications and underlying mechanisms of bioactive substances, which can serve as a reference for the development of periodontitis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Pathum Chandika
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, School of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Namwon Kim
- Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
- Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization (MSEC), Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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Santos RA, Pessoa HR, Daleprane JB, de Faria Lopes GP, da Costa DCF. Comparative Anticancer Potential of Green Tea Extract and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Breast Cancer Spheroids. Foods 2023; 13:64. [PMID: 38201092 PMCID: PMC10778335 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of death in many countries. Green tea (GT) has been proposed to play a crucial role in cancer chemoprevention. Although extensive research has been conducted on GT phytochemicals, most experimental studies concentrate mainly on commercial formulations or isolated catechins. This study presents a comparative investigation into the anticancer properties of green tea extract (GTE) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in a three-dimensional (3D) MCF-7 breast cancer cell culture. MCF-7 spheroids were exposed to GTE or EGCG, and effects on 3D culture formation, growth, cell viability, and migration were examined. GTE inhibits cell migration and the formation of breast cancer spheroids more effectively than EGCG, while inducing more pronounced morphological changes in the spheroids' structure. These findings suggest that the food matrix improves GTE effects on breast cancer spheroids, supporting the hypothesis that a mixture of phytochemicals might enhance its anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronimara A. Santos
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (H.R.P.)
| | - Heloisa Rodrigues Pessoa
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (H.R.P.)
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | - Giselle Pinto de Faria Lopes
- Almirante Paulo Moreira Institute of Sea Studies, Division of Natural Products, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, Brazil;
| | - Danielly C. Ferraz da Costa
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.A.S.); (H.R.P.)
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AlFatlawi Z, Huang M, Chau DYS, D'Aiuto F. Three dimensional (3D) gingival models in periodontal research: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:58. [PMID: 37938480 PMCID: PMC10632299 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to systematically appraise the evidence on available full thickness 3D gingival and mucosal models (3D culture in scaffold base system) and their application in periodontal and peri-implant research. This study involved a systematic review of twenty-two studies obtained from searching from five electronic databases: MEDLINE-OVID, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, Web of Science Core Collection and LILACS, as well as a hand search of eligible articles up to September 2022. A total of 2338 studies were initially identified, after removal of duplicates (573), abstracts/title selection (1765), and full text screening (95), twenty-two studies were included, thirty-seven models were identified. Several cellular markers were reported by the studies included. The expression of keratinocytes differentiation markers (K4, K5, K10, K13, K14, K16, K17, K18, K19, involucrin, laminin5), proliferation marker (Ki67, CD90), and vimentin, Type I, II and IV collagen produced by fibroblasts were investigated in thirty models. No quantitative analyses were performed, and results of the review confirmed a substantial level of heterogeneity across experiments. In conclusion, there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that the available 3D gingival and mucosal models can entirely recapitulate the human gingival tissue/mucosa and provide a useful research tool for periodontal and peri-implant research. This review also highlighted the lack of a standardized protocol to construct and characterize 3D gingival models. A new protocol is proposed for the characterization of in vitro gingival models for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z AlFatlawi
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - M Huang
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
| | - D Y S Chau
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - F D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
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Minne X, Mbuya Malaïka Mutombo J, Chandad F, Fanganiello RD, Houde VP. Porphyromonas gingivalis under palmitate-induced obesogenic microenvironment modulates the inflammatory transcriptional signature of macrophage-like cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288009. [PMID: 37384642 PMCID: PMC10309636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases and low-grade chronic inflammation are interconnected: obese persons are at higher risk of developing periodontitis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of periodontitis in an obesogenic microenvironment in response to periodontopathogens are still lacking. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of palmitate and Porphyromonas gingivalis on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and on transcriptional landscape modifications in macrophage-like cells. U937 macrophage-like cells were treated with palmitate and stimulated with P. gingivalis for 24h. Cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by ELISA in the culture medium and cell extracted RNA was submitted to a microarray analysis followed by Gene Ontology analyses. P. gingivalis, in presence of palmitate, potentiated IL-1β and TNF-α secretion in comparison to palmitate alone. Gene Ontology analyses also revealed that the combination palmitate-P. gingivalis potentiated the number of gene molecular functions implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory pathways compared to macrophages treated with palmitate alone. Our results provide the first comprehensive mapping of gene interconnections between palmitate and P. gingivalis during inflammatory responses in macrophage-like cells. These data highlight the importance of considering systemic conditions, specifically obesogenic microenvironment, in the management of periodontal disease in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Minne
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fatiha Chandad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roberto D. Fanganiello
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa P. Houde
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Zou JH, Chen F, Li YL, Chen H, Sun TK, Du SM, Zhang J. Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 150:105691. [PMID: 37043987 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of EGCG on tooth movement and root resorption during orthodontic treatment in rats. METHODS A total of thirty six male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: control, 50 mg/kg EGCG, and 100 mg/kg EGCG. During the experiment, the subjects were submitted to an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model, rats in the experimental groups were given the corresponding dose of EGCG, while rats in the control group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline solution by gavage. After 14 days of OTM, the rats were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion. Micro-CT of rat maxillaes was taken to analyze OTM distance and root resorption. The maxillary samples were prepared as histological sections for H&E staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to be observed and analyzed. RESULTS The OTM distance and root resorption of rats in the dosed group decreased, and the number of TRAP positive cells in their periodontium decreased significantly. The expression level of RANKL was decreased in the EGCG group compared to the control group, while that of OPG, OCN and Runx2 was increased. Effects were more pronounced in 100 mg/kg group than in 50 mg/kg group. CONCLUSION EGCG reduces OTM and orthodontic induced root resorption (OIRR) in rats, and is able to attenuate osteoclastogenesis on the pressure side and promote osteogenesis on the tension side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Yi-Lin Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Tong-Ke Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Meng Du
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
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Hydrophilic Scaffolds Containing Extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens and Abarema cochliacarpa for Wound Healing: In Vivo Proofs of Concept. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102150. [PMID: 36297589 PMCID: PMC9612092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the healing effect of hydrophilic polymeric resorbable biomembrane scaffolds containing plant extracts obtained from two different species, both popularly known as Stryphnodendron adstringens or Barbatimão. The hydrogel-based scaffolds were characterized and submitted to biological tests using Wistar rats to evaluate their healing capacity. The wound retraction index and the evaluation of the inflammatory process and tissue collagenization were recorded. The extracts showed antioxidant activity with IC50 between 10 and 20 µg/mL (DPPH assay) and 4–6 mmol Trolox/g (FRAP assay). The extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens (SA) presented gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, and O-methylpigalocatechin, while the extract of Abarema cochliacarpa (AC) presented catechin, dimers of procyanidins, di-O-hydroxide, O-deoxyhexosi-hexoside, and epicatechin. The membranes containing SA extract (GELSA) were more rigid, with a more intense color, but less thick, with a more compact structure and few pores. The membranes containing AC extract (GELAC) presented a mechanical profile like the gelatin membrane (GEL), with greater permeability to water vapor. The GELAC and GELSA membranes showed similar thermal degradation profiles. The wounds treated with the membranes containing the extracts obtained high levels of retraction of the wounds with values around 60% and 80% in three and seven days, respectively. These data indicate that the compounds of both species have promising biological activities in the repair process, showing that the extracts accelerated the healing process due to the lower intensity of the inflammatory reaction and the presence of compounds such as catechin and epigallocatechin.
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Ollington B, Colley HE, Murdoch C. Immunoresponsive Tissue-Engineered Oral Mucosal Equivalents Containing Macrophages. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:462-471. [PMID: 34210153 PMCID: PMC8403184 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in orchestrating the host immune response toward invading organisms or non-self molecules in the oral mucosa. Three-dimensional (3D) oral mucosal equivalents (OME) containing oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes are used extensively to mimic the human oral mucosa where they have been employed to examine innate immune responses to both bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as to biomaterials. Although the presence of immune cells is critical in generating an immune response, very few studies have incorporated leukocytes into OME, and to date, none have contained primary human macrophages. In this study, we report the generation of an immunocompetent OME to investigate immune responses toward bacterial challenge. Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were as responsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge when cultured within a 3D hydrogel in terms of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, CXCL8, and TNF-α) gene expression and protein secretion compared with culture as two-dimensional monolayers. MDM were incorporated into a type 1 collagen hydrogel along with oral fibroblasts and the apical surface seeded with oral keratinocytes to generate an MDM-containing OME. Full-thickness MDM-OME displayed a stratified squamous epithelium and a fibroblast-populated connective tissue containing CD68-positive MDM that could be readily isolated to a single-cell population for further analysis by collagenase treatment followed by flow cytometry. When stimulated with LPS, MDM-OME responded with increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion, most notably for TNF-α that increased 12-fold when compared with OME alone. Moreover, this proinflammatory response was inhibited by pretreatment with dexamethasone, showing that MDM-OME are also amenable to drug treatment. Dual-labeled immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that MDM were the sole source of TNF-α production within MDM-OME. These data show functional activity of MDM-OME and illustrate their usefulness for investigations aimed at monitoring the immune response of the oral mucosa to pathogens, biomaterials, and for tissue toxicity and anti-inflammatory drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Ollington
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Colley
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Tan J, Zhang QY, Huang LP, Huang K, Xie HQ. Decellularized scaffold and its elicited immune response towards the host: the underlying mechanism and means of immunomodulatory modification. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4803-4820. [PMID: 34018503 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune response of the host towards a decellularized scaffold is complex. Not only can a number of immune cells influence this process, but also the characteristics, preparation and modification of the decellularized scaffold can significantly impact this reaction. Such factors can, together or alone, trigger immune cells to polarize towards either a pro-healing or pro-inflammatory direction. In this article, we have comprehensively reviewed factors which may influence the immune response of the host towards a decellularized scaffold, including the source of the biomaterial, biophysical properties or modifications of the scaffolds with bioactive peptides, drugs and cytokines. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism has also been recapitulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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Influence of Dentin Priming with Tannin-Rich Plant Extracts on the Longevity of Bonded Composite Restorations. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:1614643. [PMID: 34220363 PMCID: PMC8221859 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1614643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This in vitro study evaluated the influence of bioactive plant extracts as dentin biomodifying agents to improve the longevity of bonded restorations. For that, plant extracts were applied to the dentin surface prior to the adhesive system. Materials and Methods Bovine incisors were ground flat to obtain 2 mm thick slices in which conical preparations were made (N = 10). Tannin-containing plant extracts were applied to dentin before the application of the restorative system, as follows: control group (untreated, CTL), chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX), mastruz (Dysphania ambrosioides, MTZ), cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa, CTC), guarana (Paullinia cupana, GUA), galla chinensis (Rhus chinensis, GCH), and tannic acid (extracted from Acacia decurrens, TNA). The push-out bond strength test was conducted (0.5 mm/min). Dentin biomodification was assessed by the modulus of elasticity and mass change in bovine tooth sections (0.5 × 1.7 × 7.0 mm). The dentin staining after extract treatments of dentin slices was compared. The dentin surface wettability was also evaluated by means of the contact angles of the adhesive system with the dentin surface and compared with the untreated control group. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results The bond strength of the restoratives to dentin was not significantly improved by the plant extracts, irrespective of the evaluation time (p > 0.05). Except for TNA, the elastic modulus of demineralized dentin significantly reduced after treatment with the plant extracts (p < 0.05). The dentin staining correlated with the tannin content of the extracts. The contact angle was significantly reduced when treated with CTC, GCH, and TNA. Conclusions The tannin-containing extracts had a questionable effect on the longevity of bonded restorations. The dentin modulus was negatively affected by the extract treatments. Although some of the extracts changed the contact angle, which seems to improve the adhesive monomer permeation, the tannin-rich plant extract application prior to adhesive application was proven to be clinically unfeasible due to dentin staining.
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De Rossi A, Araújo Ferreira DC, Liévana FS, Vilela MM, Nelson-Filho P, da Silva RS, Moraes JCB, da Silva LAB. An Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Formulation Developed for Endodontic Use: A Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation. J Endod 2021; 47:1640-1650. [PMID: 34157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea has been successfully used in the prevention and treatment of several infectious and immunoinflammatory diseases because of its proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiresorptive role, its use as an intracanal dressing has not been proposed. The aim of this study was to develop a formulation based on EGCG for endodontic use by assessing its physicochemical and biological properties. METHODS Initially, physicochemical characterization of EGCG was performed by ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate if the properties were maintained in acidic pH and time (1-6, 24, and 27 hours). After that, biological studies evaluated the developed formulation of EGCG at different concentrations (1.25, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL). The tissue compatibility with subcutaneous tissue of mice was evaluated by plasma leakage after 24 hours and the examination of macroscopic and microscopic features at 7, 21, and 63 days after the insertion of polyethylene tubes containing the formulations. The repair of experimentally induced periapical lesions in dog's teeth by radiographic and histopathologic analysis was also evaluated. The scores were statistically analyzed by the chi-square and Fisher exact test. Analysis of variance followed by the Tukey posttest were used for the quantitative analysis. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS The physicochemical characterization performed under ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry showed that the EGCG properties remained unaltered in acid pH and function of time, keeping its wavelength to 274 nm. Macroscopic parameters evaluated at 7, 21, and 63 days showed that all concentrations presented no epithelial ulceration or presence of mild superficial tissue necrosis, edema, or vascularization with no significant difference in the control group. During all periods of microscopic examination, all groups presented the absence of abscess foci and edema and the presence of fibrous capsule and neovascularization. The presence of reparative tissue with a gentle presence of neutrophilic inflammatory cells was also observed for all groups, except for the calcium hydroxide paste group, which presented a more pronounced inflammation and tissue necrosis at days 7 and 21 (P < .001). At day 63, all groups presented an absence of inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis. The evaluation of dog teeth showed that treatment with the EGCG formulation provided a reduction of the periapical radiolucent area and allowed the repair of apical and periapical tissues (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The developed formulation based on EGCG from green tea presented physicochemical stability and tissue compatibility and provided the repair of periapical lesions when used as an intracanal dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andiara De Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Souza Liévana
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marina Moscardini Vilela
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Santana da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen TY, Kuo PJ, Lin CY, Hung TF, Chiu HC, Chiang CY, Shih KC, Fu E. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and gingival fibroblast augment MMP-9 expression of monocytic U937 cells through cyclophilin A. J Periodontol 2021; 93:449-457. [PMID: 33999413 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intercellular cross-talking was suggested in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression with unknown mechanisms. Studies showed cyclophilin A (CypA) playing an important role in regulating MMP-9 expression in varied diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the CyPA on the MMP-9 augmentation in monocytic U937 cells after Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and human gingival fibroblast (hGF) co-culture. METHODS In independent culture or co-culture of hGF and U937 cell, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and zymography were selected to examine the mRNA and protein activity of MMP-9, respectively. The CyPA expression was determined by qPCR. RESULTS LPS could enhance MMP-9 mRNA expression and enzyme activity in U937 cell. However, the enhancements were not observed in hGF. Similarly, LPS enhanced CyPA mRNA in U937, but not in hGF. After co-cultured with hGF, however, MMP-9 and CyPA in U937 increased regardless of the presence/absence of LPS. In U937 cells, the extra-supplied CyPA increased MMP-9 mRNA and enzyme activity, whereas the CyPA inhibitor, cyclosporine A, suppressed the LPS- and co-culture-enhanced MMP-9. Moreover, the inhibitors for MAP kinase, including PD98059 (ERK) and SP600125 (JNK), suppressed the CyPA-enhanced MMP-9 in U937. CONCLUSION Through the CyPA pathway, the LPS and the hGF could augment the MMP-9 expression in the U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ying Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jan Kuo
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Fu Hung
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chiang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Earl Fu
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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12
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Gong L, Wen T, Wang J. Role of the Microbiome in Mediating Health Effects of Dietary Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12820-12835. [PMID: 32131598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous recent observation and intervention studies suggest that the microbiota in the gut and oral cavity play important roles in host physiology, including disease development and progression. Of the many environmental factors involved, dietary components play a pivotal role in shaping the microbiota community and function, thus eliciting beneficial or detrimental consequences on host health. The microbiota affect human physiology by altering the chemical structures of dietary components, thus creating new biological properties and modifying their lifetime and bioavailability. This review will describe the causal mechanisms between the microbiota and some specific bacterial species and diet components providing health benefits and how this knowledge could be incorporated in dietary strategies for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wen
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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13
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Antimicrobial Activity and the Effect of Green Tea Experimental Gels on Teeth Surfaces. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among esthetic procedures, teeth whitening is a common and often used treatment for patients who seek good teeth appearance. We developed an experimental green tea extract and an experimental green tea gel for enamel restoring treatment after bleaching. We also tested the antibacterial and antifungal effect of the experimental extract against specific endodontic and cariogenic microorganisms. The green tea extract antibacterial action was determined by the disk-diffusion method using Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC27337), Corynebacterium xerosis (ATCC 373), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) strains. Enamel microstructure was investigated by SEM analysis, and surface details were revealed by AFM. The inhibition zones around the wells showed evident antimicrobial activity of the experimental extract. In the presence of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), the extract showed no antifungal activity. The enamel’s surface roughness and hydroxyapatite prism aspects were the parameters followed throughout the study. The experimental green tea extract is efficient against some microorganisms commonly found in the oral cavity. However, the studied extract had no antifungal effect. The results show that after bleaching with the experimental gel, we obtained the best surface parameters, similar to healthy enamel.
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Tumova S, Houghton MJ, Williamson G. The effect of quercetin on endothelial cells is modified by heterocellular interactions. Food Funct 2020; 11:3916-3925. [PMID: 32363357 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Single cell-type models are useful for determining mechanisms, but in vivo, cell-cell interactions are important, and neighbouring cells can impact endothelial cell function. Quercetin can attenuate endothelial dysfunction by modulating vascular tone and reducing inflammation. We determined the effect of quercetin on a co-culture between Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) and human HepG2 hepatic cells or human LHCN-M2 muscle cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA and protein were decreased, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 4 and glucose transporter (GLUT) 3 mRNA increased, and GLUT1 protein decreased in HUVEC when cultured with HepG2. GLUT transporters, but not the other targets, were similarly regulated in co-culture with muscle cells. Some but not all of the effects were mediated by lactate and transforming growth factor β1. Quercetin added apically to the endothelial cells upregulated HO-1 and downregulated PDK4 both in monoculture and in co-culture, but the total PDK4 levels were higher in the presence of HepG2 cells. In the absence of general permeability changes, glucose transport across the endothelial monolayer was elevated in the presence of HepG2 cells, however this effect was moderated by quercetin applied on the apical side of the endothelial cells. At lower glucose concentration, apical quercetin also promoted glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Co-culturing HUVEC with the HepG2 cells showed capacity to modulate quercetin-elicited changes in endothelial gene transcription and glucose transport.
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15
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Carvalho RG, Alvarez MMP, de Sá Oliveira T, Polassi MR, Vilhena FV, Alves FL, Nakaie CR, Nascimento FD, D'Alpino PHP, Tersariol ILDS. The interaction of sodium trimetaphosphate with collagen I induces conformational change and mineralization that prevents collagenase proteolytic attack. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e184-e193. [PMID: 32305153 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the cell viability and expression of different major genes involved in mineralization in odontoblast-like cells exposed to sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). It was also investigated the influence of STMP on the rate of calcium phosphate crystal growth, its anti-proteolytic action against the enzymatic degradation of type I collagen, the binding mechanism of STMP to collagen fibrils, and the potential mechanism to induce collagen stabilization. METHODS Immortalized rat odontoblast MDPC-23 cells were cultured. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining, and the changes in gene expression balance induced by STMP were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) PCR assays. Crystalline particle formation was monitored by light-scattering detectors to estimate pH variation and the radial size of the crystalline particles as a function of reaction time (pH 7.4, 25°C) in the presence of STMP in supersaturated calcium phosphate solution (Ca/P=1.67). Images were obtained under atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the particle size in the presence of STMP. A three-point bending test was used to obtain the elastic modulus of fully demineralized dentin beams after immersion in STMP solution. The binding mechanism of STMP to collagen fibrils and potential stabilization mechanism was assessed with circular dichroism spectrometry (CD). The data were analyzed statistically (α=0.05). RESULTS STMP had no significant influence on the cell viability and gene expression of the MDPC-23 cells. STMP greatly increased the rate of crystal growth, significantly increasing the average radial crystal size. AFM corroborated the significant increase of STPM-treated crystal size. Mineralized collagen I fibrils exhibited less collagenase degradation with lower STMP concentration. CD analysis demonstrated changes in the conformational stability after STMP binding to type I collagen. SIGNIFICANCE The increased resistance of collagen against the proteolytic activity of collagenases appears to be related to the conformational change induced by STMP binding in collagen I and the STMP capacity for promoting biomimetic mineralization in type I collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thales de Sá Oliveira
- Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mackeler Ramos Polassi
- Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Flávio Lopes Alves
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Clóvis Ryuichi Nakaie
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Dupart Nascimento
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ivarne Luis Dos Santos Tersariol
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
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Sugioka K, Yoshida K, Murakami J, Itahashi M, Mishima H, Nishida T, Kusaka S. Inhibition by Epigallocatechin Gallate of IL-1-Induced Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Expression and Collagen Degradation by Corneal Fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2895-2903. [PMID: 31266061 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 is implicated in corneal ulceration and promotes collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal polyphenol in extracts of green tea, has various beneficial health effects, some of which appear to be mediated through direct or indirect inhibition of protease activity. We therefore examined the effect of EGCG on IL-1β-induced collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts embedded in a collagen gel. Methods Human corneal fibroblasts were cultured in a type I collagen gel. Collagen degradation was assessed by measurement of hydroxyproline in acid hydrolysates of culture supernatants. The expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) was examined by real-time and RT-PCR analysis and by fibrin zymography, and that of the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) was detected by immunoblot analysis. Results EGCG inhibited IL-1β-induced, plasminogen-dependent collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner. It also attenuated the IL-1β-induced expression of uPA at both mRNA and protein levels. EGCG inhibited the IL-1β-induced conversion of exogenous plasminogen to plasmin as well as the plasminogen-dependent activation of pro-MMP1 in the 3D cultures without a substantial effect on pro-MMP1 abundance. Conclusions EGCG inhibits IL-1β-induced collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts, with this effect likely being mediated by suppression of the upregulation of uPA, the uPA-mediated conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, and the plasmin-mediated activation of pro-MMP1. EGCG thus warrants further investigation as a potential treatment for corneal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma City, Nara, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa City, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Mishima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma City, Nara, Japan
| | - Teruo Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma City, Nara, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka, Japan
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Pham DC, Shibu MA, Mahalakshmi B, Velmurugan BK. Effects of phytochemicals on cellular signaling: reviewing their recent usage approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3522-3546. [PMID: 31822111 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1699014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M A Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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18
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Huang A, Honda Y, Li P, Tanaka T, Baba S. Integration of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Gelatin Sponges Attenuates Matrix Metalloproteinase-Dependent Degradation and Increases Bone Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6042. [PMID: 31801223 PMCID: PMC6929197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are well-known gelatinases that disrupt the extracellular matrix, including gelatin. However, the advantages of modulating MMP expression in gelatin-based materials for applications in bone regenerative medicine have not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol catechin isolated from green tea, on MMP expression in gelatin sponges and its association with bone formation. Four gelatin sponges with or without EGCG were prepared and implanted into bone defects for up to 4 weeks. Histological and immunohistological staining were performed. Micro-computed tomography was used to estimate the bone-forming capacity of each sponge. Our results showed that EGCG integration attenuated MMP-2 (70.6%) and -9 expression (69.1%) in the 1 week group, increased residual gelatin (118.7%), and augmented bone formation (101.8%) in the 4 weeks group in critical-sized bone defects of rat calvaria compared with vacuum-heated gelatin sponges without EGCG. Moreover, vacuum-heated gelatin sponges with EGCG showed superior bone formation compared with other sponges. The results indicated that integration of EGCG in gelatin-based materials modulated the production and activity of MMP-2 and -9 in vivo, thereby enhancing bone-forming capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (P.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Peiqi Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (P.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Baba
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan; (A.H.); (P.L.); (S.B.)
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19
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Aboulwafa MM, Youssef FS, Gad HA, Altyar AE, Al-Azizi MM, Ashour ML. A Comprehensive Insight on the Health Benefits and Phytoconstituents of Camellia sinensis and Recent Approaches for Its Quality Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E455. [PMID: 31590466 PMCID: PMC6826564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, Camellia sinensis, which belongs to the family Theaceae, is a shrub or evergreen tree up to 16 m in height. Green tea is very popular because of its marked health benefits comprising its anticancer, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial activities, as well as its effectiveness in reducing body weight. Additionally, it was recognized by Chinese people as an effective traditional drink required for the prophylaxis against many health ailments. This is due to the complex chemical composition of green tea, which comprises different classes of chemical compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and others. The beneficial health effects of green tea ultimately led to its great consumption and increase its liability to be adulterated by either low-quality or non-green tea products with concomitant decrease in activity. Thus, in this review, green tea was selected to highlight its health benefits and phytoconstituents, as well as recent approaches for its quality-control monitoring that guarantee its incorporation in many pharmaceutical industries. More research is needed to find out other more biological activities, active constituents, and other simple and cheap techniques for its quality assurance that ascertain the prevention of its adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Aboulwafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed M Al-Azizi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah-21442, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Veri N, As E, Mutiah C, Seriana I, Malinda R. Protective effect of green tea on tunica adventitia and endothelial changes resulting from depot medroxy progesterone acetate. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:8-13. [PMID: 31435385 PMCID: PMC6694920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to analyse the effects of green tea in inhibiting uterine atrophy and vascular changes due to the use of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA). Methods Twenty-five female Wistar rats aged one to two months were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: control group, DMPA-induced group, and DMPA-induced group orally treated with green tea extract (at 10.8 mg/day, 21.6 mg/day, or 43.2 mg/day). Histologic analysis of uterine and vascular tissues was performed with haematoxylin-eosin staining. Results DMPA decreased the thickness of endometrium and tunica adventitia, as well as significantly decreased endothelial cell count (p < 0.05). DMPA-induced decreases in the thickness of tunica adventitia and endothelial cell count could be significantly inhibited by green tea extract (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study concluded that DMPA triggered the depletion of uterine endometrium and vascular tunica adventitia and decreased endothelial cell count. Green tea extract at the highest dose normalized tunica adventitia and endothelial changes to the basal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Veri
- Midwifery Study Program, Ministry of Health Polytechnic of Langsa, Aceh, Special Region of Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Emilda As
- Midwifery Study Program, Ministry of Health Polytechnic of Langsa, Aceh, Special Region of Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Cut Mutiah
- Midwifery Study Program, Ministry of Health Polytechnic of Langsa, Aceh, Special Region of Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Irma Seriana
- Department of Midwifery, Polytechnic of Health-Ministry of Health, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Risnati Malinda
- STIKES Bustanul Ulum of Langsa, Aceh, Special Region of Aceh, Indonesia
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Wu Y, Kuraji R, Taya Y, Ito H, Numabe Y. Effects of theaflavins on tissue inflammation and bone resorption on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:1009-1019. [PMID: 30159985 PMCID: PMC6221153 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Theaflavins (TFs), the major polyphenol in black tea, have the ability to reduce inflammation and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TFs on experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty rats were divided into five groups: Control (glycerol application without ligation), Ligature (glycerol application with ligation), TF1 (1 mg/mL TF application with ligation), TF10 (10 mg/mL TF application with ligation), and TF100 (100 mg/mL TF application with ligation). To induce experimental periodontitis, ligatures were placed around maxillary first molars bilaterally. After ligature placement, 100 μL glycerol or TFs were topically applied to the rats daily, and rats were euthanized 7 days after ligature placement. Micro-computed tomography was used to measure bone resorption in the left side of the maxilla, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, growth-regulated gene product/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (Gro/Cinc-1, rat equivalent of IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa Β ligand (Rankl), osteoprotegerin (Opg), and the Rankl/Opg ratio in gingival tissue. With tissue from the right side of the maxilla, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analysis, immunohistochemical staining for leukocyte common antigen (CD45) was used to assess inflammation, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe the number of osteoclasts. RESULTS The TF10 and TF100 groups, but not the TF1 group, had significant inhibition of alveolar bone loss, reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration in the periodontium, and significantly reduced numbers of CD45-positive cells and TRAP-positive osteoclasts compared with the Ligature group. Correspondingly, the TF10 and TF100 groups had significantly downregulated gene expression of IL-6, Gro/Cinc-1(IL-8), Mmp-9, and Rankl, but not of Opg. Consequently, Rankl/Opg expression was significantly increased in the Ligation group but was attenuated in the TF10 and TF100 groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that topical application of TFs may reduce inflammation and bone resorption in experimental periodontitis. Therefore, TFs have therapeutic potential in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Hsin Wu
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Life Science DentistryThe Nippon Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of PathologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
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Bunte K, Hensel A, Beikler T. Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. Fitoterapia 2018; 132:30-39. [PMID: 30496806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenols with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory characteristics appear to provide a variety of oral health benefits. Thus, the aim of the present study was to review the scientific literature to identify these effects of polyphenols on periodontal pathogens and inflammation. A MEDLINE search from 1st January 2013 to 18th January 2018 was performed to identify studies reporting polyphenol-containing plant extracts. Reports regarding pure compounds and essential oils, as well as effects on bacteria that are not defined as periodontal pathogens, were excluded. Thirty-eight studies matched the selection criteria. Studies on immunomodulatory effects included in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies (n = 23), whereas studies reporting antibacterial effects against periodontal pathogens included only in vitro studies (n = 18). Three studies were included in both groups. The antibacterial effects were characterised by inhibition of bacterial growth, adhesion to oral cells, and enzymatic activity. Decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory and increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines were demonstrated. Higher attachment levels, lower inflammation, and bone loss were reported by in vivo studies. Due to the high heterogeneity, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions for applicability; nevertheless, polyphenols have great potential as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory substances in the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Thomas Beikler
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Building O58, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Chang EH, Huang J, Lin Z, Brown AC. Catechin-mediated restructuring of a bacterial toxin inhibits activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:191-198. [PMID: 30342156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechins, polyphenols derived from tea leaves, have been shown to have antibacterial properties, through direct killing of bacteria as well as through inhibition of bacterial toxin activity. In particular, certain catechins have been shown to have bactericidal effects on the oral bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, as well as the ability to inhibit a key virulence factor of this organism, leukotoxin (LtxA). The mechanism of catechin-mediated inhibition of LtxA has not been shown. METHODS In this work, we studied the ability of six catechins to inhibit LtxA-mediated cytotoxicity in human white blood cells, using Trypan blue staining, and investigated the mechanism of action using a combination of techniques, including fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and surface plasmon resonance. RESULTS We found that all the catechins except (-)-catechin inhibited the activity of this protein, with the galloylated catechins having the strongest effect. Pre-incubation of the toxin with the catechins increased the inhibitory action, indicating that the catechins act on the protein, rather than the cell. The secondary structure of LtxA was dramatically altered in the presence of catechin, which resulted in an inhibition of toxin binding to cholesterol, an important initial step in the cytotoxic mechanism of the toxin. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the catechins inhibit LtxA activity by altering its structure to prevent interaction with specific molecules present on the host cell surface. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Galloylated catechins modify protein toxin structure, inhibiting the toxin from binding to the requisite molecules on the host cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Hyung Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Joanne Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Zixiang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Angela C Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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Lagha AB, Groeger S, Meyle J, Grenier D. Green tea polyphenols enhance gingival keratinocyte integrity and protect against invasion by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4961135. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Suitability of EGCG as a Means of Stabilizing a Porcine Osteochondral Xenograft. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8040043. [PMID: 28946629 PMCID: PMC5748550 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a non-crosslinked osteochondral xenograft would be mechanically inferior to native cartilage and vulnerable to premature degradation, we seek a safe and effective method of xenograft stabilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to stabilize a decellularized porcine osteochondral xenograft through collagen crosslinking. Our objectives were to assess the effects of EGCG on the degree of crosslinking, mechanical properties, collagenase resistance, cytotoxicity, and in vitro biocompatibility. EGCG is a green tea polyphenol that acts as a collagen crosslinker. Porcine osteochondral plugs were decellularized and then crosslinked by soaking in EGCG. The degree of crosslinking, cartilage compressive stiffness, cartilage-bone interface strength, coefficient of friction, and residual mass after collagenase exposure all increased with an increasing EGCG concentration. With the exception of the coefficient of friction, EGCG treatment could restore mechanical properties to levels equal to, or exceeding those, of native cartilage. EGCG treatment profoundly increased the enzymatic resistance, and 1% EGCG provided protection equivalent to 1% glutaraldehyde. EGCG up to 0.5 mM was essentially not cytotoxic to chondrocytes embedded in alginate, and autologous chondrocytes attached to decellularized, EGCG-fixed cartilage were all viable five days after seeding. Results demonstrate that EGCG has many beneficial effects on a decellularized osteochondral xenograft, and may be suitable for use in stabilizing such a graft prior to implantation for the repair of a defect.
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26
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Li Y, Yao D, Zhang J, Liu B, Zhang L, Feng H, Li B. The Effects of Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells on Local Inflammation Microenvironment in the Defected Sciatic Nerve of Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:133. [PMID: 28588447 PMCID: PMC5438963 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising strategy for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). epidermal neural crest stems cells (EPI-NCSCs) are thought to be important donor cells for repairing PNI in different animal models. Following PNI, inflammatory response is important to regulate the repair process. However, the effects of EPI-NCSCs on regulation of local inflammation microenviroment have not been investigated extensively. In the present study, these effects were studied by using 10 mm defected sciatic nerve, which was bridged with 15 mm artificial nerve composed of EPI-NCSCs, extracellular matrix (ECM) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Then the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, polarization of macrophages, regulation of fibroblasts and shwann cells (SCs) were assessed by western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after bridging. The structure and the function of the bridged nerve were determined by observation under light microscope and by examination of right lateral foot retraction time (LFRT), sciatic function index (SFI), gastrocnemius wet weight and electrophysiology at 9 weeks. After bridging with EPI-NCSCs, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) was increased, but decreased for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) compared to the control bridging, which was consistent with increase of M2 macrophages and decrease of M1 macrophages at 7 days after transplantation. Likewise, myelin-formed SCs were significantly increased, but decreased for the activated fibroblasts in their number at 21 days. The recovery of structure and function of nerve bridged with EPI-NCSCs was significantly superior to that of DMEM. These results indicated that EPI-NCSCs could be able to regulate and provide more suitable inflammation microenvironment for the repair of defected sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development of Education Ministry, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jieyuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development of Education Ministry, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bingcang Li
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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