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Lee YH, Kim H, Heo DW, Ahn IS, Auh QS. Volatile sulfide compounds and oral microorganisms on the inner surface of masks in individuals with halitosis during COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2487. [PMID: 36781937 PMCID: PMC9924882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mask-wearing is still recommended owing to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the closed chamber created by the mask, people are increasingly self-aware of their oral malodor. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed to measure volatile sulfide compound (VSC) levels in patients with halitosis and investigate the oral microbiome profile on the inner surface of their KF94 masks. We also investigated which oral microbiota increases VSC levels and whether the oral microbiomes of oral saliva and mask are correlated. A total of 50 subjects (41 women, average age 38.12 ± 12.58 years old) were included in the study, 25 healthy subjects and 25 patients with halitosis who wore masks for more than 3 h. The dominant bacterial species, bacterial profile, and Shannon diversity index of whole unstimulated saliva and the inner surface of the mask were investigated. The bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes of the major oral bacterial species were analyzed using real-time PCR. Gas chromatography was used to measure hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), which are representative VSCs. The total bacterial DNA copy number was significantly higher in the saliva sample than in the mask sample (p < 0.001), and the average value was 276 times greater. Shannon diversity index was also significantly higher in saliva than in the inner surface of the mask (2.62 ± 0.81 vs. 1.15 ± 1.52, p < 0.001). The most common Gram-negative and Gram-positive species in the masks were Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc), respectively. The bacterial species with significant positive correlations between saliva and mask samples were Prevotella intermedia (Pi) (r = 0.324, p = 0.022), Eikenella corrodens (r = 0.309, p = 0.029), Lc (r = 0.293, p = 0.039), and Parvimonas micra (Pm) (r = 0.366, p = 0.009). The mean value of CH3SH was significantly higher in the halitosis group than in the non-halitosis group (17.84 ± 29.00 vs. 3.84 ± 10.57 ppb, p = 0.031). In the halitosis group, the DNA copy numbers and VSC levels showed highly positive correlation coefficients in the order Pg, Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Pi, and Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) (all p < 0.05). Regarding bacterial profiles of the mask, Td was strongly correlated with CH3SH (r = 0.414, p = 0.040) and total VSCs (r = 0.374, p = 0.033) only in halitosis group. Mask-wearing time was strongly correlated with total VSCs, H2S, and CH3SH (all r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Oral bacteria, whose association with halitosis has been identified, increased VSC levels in mask-wearing subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the number of Gram-negative anaerobes such as Pg and Td. Mask-wearing time was a major factor in increasing VSC levels. The study results suggest that people with halitosis could control these Gram-negative bacteria by improving oral hygiene and regularly changing masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #613 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Hyeongrok Kim
- Life Science Institute, Denomics Inc. 518, 5 Digital-Ro 26-Gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08389, South Korea
| | - Dae Wook Heo
- Life Science Institute, Denomics Inc. 518, 5 Digital-Ro 26-Gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08389, South Korea
| | - In-Suk Ahn
- Life Science Institute, Denomics Inc. 518, 5 Digital-Ro 26-Gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08389, South Korea
| | - Q-Schick Auh
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, #613 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
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Sondorová M, Kučera J, Kačírová J, Krchová Nagyová Z, Šurín Hudáková N, Lipták T, Maďar M. Prevalence of Periodontal Pathogens in Slovak Patients with Periodontitis and Their Possible Aspect of Transmission from Companion Animals to Humans. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101529. [PMID: 36290432 PMCID: PMC9598676 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral health and diseases are greatly influenced by oral bacteria. During dysbiosis, bacterial composition changes, which can lead to periodontitis. Periodontitis in humans is associated with periodontal pathogens such as Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Animal-to-human transmission of some of these pathogens has also been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Slovak patients and to assess the possible risk of transmission of these pathogens from animals to their owners. The presence of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque was monitored by PCR. Amplified products were analysed using Sanger sequencing. T. forsythia isolates were assessed for the susceptibility to different antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. In humans, T. denticola, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans were present in 69.23%, 69.23%, 100% and 84.62%, respectively. Most isolates of T. forsythia were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clindamycin and moxifloxacin, but they were resistant to metronidazole. The transmission of T. forsythia from animals to their owners was not proven based on sequence analysing. On the other hand, transmission of Porphyromonas gulae was confirmed, but the risk of its involvement in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in humans must be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sondorová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kučera
- Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Kačírová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Krchová Nagyová
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Natália Šurín Hudáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Lipták
- Small Animal Clinic, University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Maďar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-949715632
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Hasan J, Bright R, Hayles A, Palms D, Zilm P, Barker D, Vasilev K. Preventing Peri-implantitis: The Quest for a Next Generation of Titanium Dental Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4697-4737. [PMID: 36240391 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are frequently the biomaterial of choice for dental implant applications. Although titanium dental implants have been utilized for decades, there are yet unresolved issues pertaining to implant failure. Dental implant failure can arise either through wear and fatigue of the implant itself or peri-implant disease and subsequent host inflammation. In the present report, we provide a comprehensive review of titanium and its alloys in the context of dental implant material, and how surface properties influence the rate of bacterial colonization and peri-implant disease. Details are provided on the various periodontal pathogens implicated in peri-implantitis, their adhesive behavior, and how this relationship is governed by the implant surface properties. Issues of osteointegration and immunomodulation are also discussed in relation to titanium dental implants. Some impediments in the commercial translation for a novel titanium-based dental implant from "bench to bedside" are discussed. Numerous in vitro studies on novel materials, processing techniques, and methodologies performed on dental implants have been highlighted. The present report review that comprehensively compares the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of titanium and its alloys for dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hasan
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- ANISOP Holdings, Pty. Ltd., 101 Collins St, Melbourne VIC, 3000 Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
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Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Bioactive Surfaces of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy Created by Anodization. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102154. [PMID: 34683474 PMCID: PMC8539148 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the microbial colonization (adhesion and biofilm) on modified surfaces of a titanium alloy, Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, anodized with Ca and P or F ions, with and without silver deposition. The chemical composition, surface topography, roughness (Ra), and surface free energy were evaluated before and after the surface modifications (anodizing). Adhesion and biofilm formation on saliva-coated discs by primary colonizing species (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii) and a periodontal pathogen (Porphyromonasgingivalis) were assessed. The surfaces of titanium alloys were modified after anodizing with volcano-shaped micropores with Ca and P or nanosized with F, both with further silver deposition. There was an increase in the Ra values after micropores formation; CaP surfaces became more hydrophilic than other surfaces, showing the highest polar component. For adhesion, no difference was detected for S. gordonii on all surfaces, and some differences were observed for the other three species. No differences were found for biofilm formation per species on all surfaces. However, S. gordonii biofilm counts on distinct surfaces were lower than S. sanguinis, A. naeslundii, and P. gingivalis on some surfaces. Therefore, anodized Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta affected microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm, but silver deposition did not hinder the colonization of these microorganisms.
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Antibacterial Optimization of Highly Deformed Titanium Alloys for Spinal Implants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113145. [PMID: 34074062 PMCID: PMC8197332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the work was to develop materials dedicated to spine surgery that minimized the potential for infection originating from the transfer of bacteria during long surgeries. The bacteria form biofilms, causing implant loosening, pain and finally, a risk of paralysis for patients. Our strategy focused both on improvement of antibacterial properties against bacteria adhesion and on wear and corrosion resistance of tools for spine surgery. Further, a ~35% decrease in implant and tool dimensions was expected by introducing ultrahigh-strength titanium alloys for less-invasive surgeries. The tested materials, in the form of thin, multi-layered coatings, showed nanocrystalline microstructures. Performed direct-cytotoxicity studies (including lactate dehydrogenase activity measurement) showed that there was a low probability of adverse effects on surrounding SAOS-2 (Homo sapiens bone osteosarcoma) cells. The microbiological studies (e.g., ISO 22196 contact tests) showed that implanting Ag nanoparticles into Ti/TixN coatings inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus cells and reduced their adhesion to the material surface. These findings suggest that Ag-nanoparticles present in implant coatings may potentially minimize infection risk and lower inherent stress.
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Glow Discharge Plasma Treatment on Zirconia Surface to Enhance Osteoblastic-Like Cell Differentiation and Antimicrobial Effects. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173771. [PMID: 32859067 PMCID: PMC7503232 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is the pathological condition of connective tissue inflammation and the progressive loss of supporting bone around dental implants. One of the primary causes of peri mucositis evolving into peri-implantitis is bacterial infection, including infection from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Enhancing the surface smoothness of implants helps to prevent P. gingivalis adhesion to the implant’s surface. Interaction analyses between bacteria and the surface roughness of zirconia (Zr) discs subjected to a glow discharge plasma (GDP) treatment compared with non-plasma-treated autoclaved control Zr discs were done. Examinations of the material prosperities revealed that the GDP-treated Zr group had a smoother surface for a better wettability. The GDP-treated Zr discs improved the proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells MG-63, and the osteoblastic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase detection and marker gene bone sialoprotein (Bsp) and osteocalcin (OC) induction. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a relatively low P. gingivalis adhesion on GDP-treated Zr disks, as well as lower colonization of P. gingivalis compared with the control. Our findings confirmed that the GDP treatment of Zr discs resulted in a significant reduction of P. gingivalis adhesion and growth, demonstrating a positive correlation between surface roughness and bacteria adhesion. Therefore, the GDP treatment of Zr dental implants can provide a method for reducing the risk of peri-implantitis.
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Papi P, Di Carlo S, Rosella D, De Angelis F, Capogreco M, Pompa G. Peri-implantitis and extracellular matrix antibodies: A case-control study. Eur J Dent 2019; 11:340-344. [PMID: 28932144 PMCID: PMC5594963 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_28_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this case-control study was to compare patients with a healthy peri-implant environment and patients affected by peri-implantitis, evaluating the occurrence of antibodies to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. The authors hypothesized the presence of ECM autoantibodies in serum of peri-implantitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were divided into two groups: one with dental implants with a diagnosis of peri-implantitis and one control group with implants classified as being "healthy." Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on patients' sera to detect human antibodies to type I, III, IV, and V collagens, laminin, and fibronectin. Fisher exact test was performed to evaluate statistical association, with a significant P < 0.05. RESULTS Forty-two patients were enrolled in this study, 27 females (64.28%) and 15 males (35.72%) with a mean age of 53 ± 29.69 years (age range 32-74). The presence of antibodies to CIII was recorded in 6/21 (28.57%) patients of test group, compared to just 2/21 (9.52%) for the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Other antibodies tested were found to be not statistically significant or absent. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that further studies, with larger sample and different design, are necessary to address the research purpose, evaluating possible associations between anti-ECM antibodies and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Papi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Carlo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Rosella
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Angelis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Capogreco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pompa
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Qi M, Li X, Sun X, Li C, Tay FR, Weir MD, Dong B, Zhou Y, Wang L, Xu HHK. Novel nanotechnology and near-infrared photodynamic therapy to kill periodontitis-related biofilm pathogens and protect the periodontium. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1665-1681. [PMID: 31551152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss are increasingly a worldwide problem as the population ages. Periodontitis is caused by bacterial infection and biofilm plaque buildup. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a near-infrared light (NIR)-triggered core-shell nanostructure of upconversion nanoparticles and TiO2 (UCNPs@TiO2), and (2) investigate its inhibitory effects via antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against periodontitis-related pathogens. METHODS The core β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ were synthesized via thermal decomposition and further modified with the TiO2 shell via a hydrothermal method. The core-shell structure and the upconversion fluorescence-induced aPDT treatment via 980nm laser were studied. Three periodontitis-related pathogens Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) were investigated. The killing activity against planktonic bacteria was detected by a time-kill assay. Single species 4-day biofilms on dentin were tested by live/dead staining, colony-forming units (CFU), and metabolic activity. RESULTS The hexagonal shaped UCNPs@TiO2 had an average diameter of 39.7nm. UCNPs@TiO2 nanoparticles had positively charged (+12.4mV) surface and were biocompatible and non-cytotoxic. Under the excitation of NIR light (980nm), the core NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ UCNPs could emit intense ultraviolet (UV) light, which further triggered the aPDT function of the shell TiO2 via energy transfer, thereby realizing the remarkable antibacterial effects against planktons and biofilms of periodontitis-associated pathogens. NIR-triggered UCNPs@TiO2 achieved much greater reduction in biofilms than control (p<0.05). Biofilm CFU was reduced by 3-4 orders of magnitude via NIR-triggered aPDT, which is significantly greater than that of negative control and commercial aPDT control groups. The killing efficacy of UCNPs@TiO2-based aPDT against the three species was ranked to be: S. sanguinis<F. nucleatum=P. gingivalis. Metabolic activities of biofilms were also greatly reduced via NIR-triggered aPDT (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Upconversion fluorescence-based aPDT achieved strong inhibiting effects against all three species of periodontitis-related pathogens. This novel nanotechnology demonstrated a high promise to inhibit periodontitis, with exciting potential to combat other oral infectious diseases such as deep endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Qi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Eick S, Gadzo N, Tacchi M, Sculean A, Potempa J, Stavropoulos A. Gingipains impair attachment of epithelial cell to dental titanium abutment surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2549-2556. [PMID: 30763463 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated in vitro the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its cysteine proteases (gingipains) on epithelial cell adhesion to titanium-zirconium alloy surfaces. Titanium-zirconium discs with a standard machined (M) or chemically modified hydrophilic surface (modM) were coated with lamin-5 and incubated with telomerase-inactivated gingival keratinocytes (TIGK). Three P. gingivalis strains or gingipains were either added simultaneously with TIGK or after TIGK cells were already attached to the disks. Adhered TIGK cells were counted at 24 h. All P. gingivalis strains clearly inhibited adhesion of TIGK cells to M and modM surfaces. Compared with bacteria/gingipain-free TIGK cell cultures, the number of attached TIGK cells was reduced by about 80% and 60% when P. gingivalis was added simultaneously or after TIGK cells were already attached to the disks (each p < 0.01), respectively. Counts of attached cells were similarly reduced when only gingipains were used. Adhesion molecules of TIGK cells, in particular E-cadherin, were cleaved by P. gingivalis. In conclusion, P. gingivalis and gingipains interfere with the adhesion of epithelial cells to titanium-zirconium alloy surfaces by cleaving adhesion molecules, while a chemically modified hydrophilic titanium-zirconium alloy surface did not yield any protection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2549-2556, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Naida Gadzo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Tacchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Eckert M, Mizgalska D, Sculean A, Potempa J, Stavropoulos A, Eick S. In vivo expression of proteases and protease inhibitor, a serpin, by periodontal pathogens at teeth and implants. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:240-248. [PMID: 29498485 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia secrete proteases, gingipains and KLIKK-proteases. In addition, T. forsythia produces a serpin (miropin) with broad inhibitory spectrum. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the level of expression of miropin and individual proteases in vivo in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease conditions. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/ peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples were taken from healthy tooth and implant sites (n = 10), gingivitis and mucositis sites (n = 12), and periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites (n = 10). Concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1β and IL-10 in GCF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Loads of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and the presence of proteases and miropin genes were assessed in biofilm by quantitative PCR, whereas gene expression was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. The presence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, as well as the level of IL-8 and IL-1β, were associated with disease severity in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues. In biofilm samples harboring T. forsythia, genes encoding proteases were found to be present at 72.4% for karilysin and 100% for other KLIKK-protease genes and miropin. At the same time, detectable mRNA expression of individual genes ranged from 20.7% to 58.6% of samples (for forsylisin and miropsin-1, respectively). In comparison with the T. forsythia proteases, miropin and the gingipains were highly expressed. The level of expression of gingipains was associated with those of miropin and certain T. forsythia proteases around teeth but not implants. Cumulatively, KLIKK-proteases and especially miropin, might play a role in pathogenesis of both periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eckert
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Mizgalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Eick
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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