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Allkja J, Roudbary M, Alves AMV, Černáková L, Rodrigues CF. Biomaterials with antifungal strategies to fight oral infections. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1151-1163. [PMID: 37587010 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2236784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Oral fungal infections pose a threat to human health and increase the economic burden of oral diseases by prolonging and complicating treatment. A cost-effective strategy is to try to prevent these infections from happening in the first place. With this purpose, biomaterials with antifungal properties are a crucial element to overcome fungal infections in the oral cavity. In this review, we go through different kinds of biomaterials and coatings that can be used to functionalize them. We also review their potential as a therapeutic approach in addition to prophylaxis, by going through traditional and alternative antifungal compounds, e.g., essential oils, that could be incorporated in them, to enhance their efficacy against fungal pathogens. We aim to highlight the potential of these technologies and propose questions that need to be addressed in prospective research. Finally, we intend to concatenate the key aspects and technologies on the use of biomaterials in oral health, to create an easy to find summary of the current state-of-the-art for researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jontana Allkja
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Sydney Infectious Disease Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anelise Maria Vasconcelos Alves
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Brazil
| | - Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Célia Fortuna Rodrigues
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário - CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Belkadi R, Sanz-Serrano D, Ventura F, Mercade M. Chitosan-based endodontic irrigation solutions and TGF-β1 treatment: Creating the most favourable environment for the survival and proliferation of stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38888363 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dental pulp's environment is essential for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells' homeostasis and thus, it is of great importance to evaluate the materials used in regenerative procedures. AIM To assess in vitro (i) the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse®, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid and 2.5% NaOCl on DSCS viability; (ii) the effect of different concentrations of TGF-β1 on DCSC proliferation; and (iii) whether treatment with TGF-β1 following exposure to the different irrigation solutions could compensate for their negative effects. METHODOLOGY (i) DSCS were treated with three dilutions (1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000) of the six irrigation solutions prepared in DMEM for 10 and 60 min to assess the effect on viability. (ii) The effect of different concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 ng/mL) of TGF-β1 on DCSC proliferation was assessed at 1, 3 and 7 days. (iii) The proliferative effect of TGF-β1 following 10-min exposure to 1:10 dilution of each irrigation solution was also tested. We used MTT assay to assess viability and proliferation. We performed statistical analysis using Prism software. RESULTS (i) The different endodontic irrigation solutions tested showed a significant effect on cell viability (p ≤ .0001). Significant interactions between the endodontic irrigation solutions and their dilutions were also found for all parameters (p ≤ .0001). Chitosan nanoparticles and 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution were the least cytotoxic to DSCS whilst 2.5% NaOCl was the most cytotoxic followed by 17% EDTA. (ii) TGF-β1 at concentrations of 1 and 5 ng/mL resulted in significantly higher proliferation compared to the control group. (iii) Exposure to 17% EDTA or 2.5% NaOCl for 10 min was sufficient to make DSCS cells refractory to the proliferative effects of TGF-β1. DSCS groups treated with TGF-β1 following exposure to chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse® and 10% CA demonstrated significantly higher proliferation compared to non-TGF-β1-treated groups (p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001 and p = .01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The current study offers data that can be implemented to improve the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures by using less toxic irrigation solutions and adding TGF-β1 to the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumaissa Belkadi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Diana Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Researcher at IDIBELL Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Montse Mercade
- Researcher at IDIBELL Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Saini RS, Bavabeedu SS, Quadri SA, Gurumurthy V, Kanji MA, Okshah A, Binduhayyim RIH, Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Mosaddad SA, Heboyan A. Mapping the research landscape of nanoparticles and their use in denture base resins: a bibliometric analysis. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:95. [PMID: 38814562 PMCID: PMC11139848 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles are increasingly used in dentistry for various applications, including enhancing the mechanical properties of denture base resins. This study aimed to comprehensively review and analyze the research landscape of nanoparticles and their effect on the flexural strength of denture base resins to identify key research areas and trends and to highlight the importance of collaboration between authors and institutions. METHODS A Bibliometric Analysis was conducted using the Keywords "Nanoparticle*" AND "Denture*" OR "CAD/CAM." The literature search from the WOS database was restricted to the publication years 2011 to 2022. RESULTS Key findings encompass an increase in research publications but a decline in citations. Saudi Arabia, China, and Iraq led this research, with specific institutions excelling. Notable journals with high impact factors were identified. Authorship patterns show variations in citation impact. Additionally, keyword analysis revealed that current research trends offer insights into influential authors and their networks. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of nanoparticles and denture base resins reveals a dynamic and evolving landscape that emphasizes the importance of collaboration, staying current with research trends, and conducting high-quality research in this ever-evolving domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder S Saini
- Department of Dental Technology, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shashit Shetty Bavabeedu
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Masroor Ahmed Kanji
- Department of Dental Technology, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Okshah
- Department of Dental Technology, COAMS, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mario Alberto Alarcón-Sánchez
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Qasr-e-Dasht Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Nayak R, Rai VK, Pradhan D, Halder J, Rajwar TK, Dash P, Das C, Mishra A, Mahanty R, Saha I, Manoharadas S, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Exploring the Biofilm Inhibition Potential of a Novel Phytic Acid-Crosslinked Chitosan Nanoparticle: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:106. [PMID: 38724834 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary factor underlying the virulence of Candida albicans is its capacity to form biofilms, which in turn leads to recurrent complications. Over-the-counter antifungal treatments have proven ineffective in eliminating fungal biofilms and the inflammatory cytokines produced during fungal infections. Chitosan nanoparticles offer broad and versatile therapeutic potential as both antifungal agents and carriers for antifungal drugs to combat biofilm-associated Candida infections. In our study, we endeavoured to develop chitosan nanoparticles utilising chitosan and the antifungal crosslinker phytic acid targeting C. albicans. Phytic acid, known for its potent antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, efficiently crosslinks with chitosan. The nanoparticles were synthesised using the ionic gelation technique and subjected to analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited dimensions with a diameter (Dh) of 103 ± 3.9 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.33, and zeta potential (ZP) of 37 ± 2.5 mV. These nanoparticles demonstrated an antifungal effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 140 ± 2.2 µg/mL, maintaining cell viability at approximately 90% of the MIC value and reducing cytokine levels. Additionally, the nanoparticles reduced ergosterol content and exhibited a 62% ± 1.2 reduction in biofilm susceptibility, as supported by colony-forming unit (CFU) and XTT assays-furthermore, treatment with nanoparticles reduced exopolysaccharide production and decreased secretion of aspartyl protease by C. albicans. Our findings suggest that the synthesised nanoparticles effectively combat Candida albicans infections. In vivo studies conducted on a mouse model of vaginal candidiasis confirmed the efficacy of the nanoparticles in combating fungal infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Jitu Halder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Priyanka Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Chandan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Ajit Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Ritu Mahanty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Ivy Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2454, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
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Sun G, Huang S, Wang S, Li Y. Nanomaterial-based drug-delivery system as an aid to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in treating oral biofilm. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:741-759. [PMID: 38683167 PMCID: PMC11259068 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Diverse microorganisms live as biofilm in the mouth accounts for oral diseases and treatment failure. For decades, the prevention and treatment of oral biofilm is a global challenge. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) holds promise for oral biofilm elimination due to its several traits, including broad-spectrum antimicrobial capacity, lower possibility of resistance and low cytotoxicity. However, the physicochemical properties of photosensitizers and the biological barrier of oral biofilm have limited the efficiency of aPDT. Nanomaterials has been used to fabricate nanocarriers to improve photosensitizer properties and thus enhance antimicrobial effect. In this review, we have discussed the challenges of aPDT used in dentistry, categorized the nanomaterial-delivery system and listed the possible mechanisms involved in nanomaterials when enhancing aPDT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwen Sun
- Department of stomatology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis & Treatment, Xiamen, China
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Bekmukhametova A, Antony A, Halliday C, Chen S, Ho CH, Uddin MMN, Longo L, Pedrinazzi C, George L, Wuhrer R, Myers S, Mawad D, Houang J, Lauto A. Rose bengal-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for the photodynamic treatment of Trichophyton species. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:115-128. [PMID: 37477110 DOI: 10.1111/php.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Rose bengal (RB) solutions coupled with a green laser have proven to be efficient in clearing resilient nail infections caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a human pilot study and in extensive in vitro experiments. Nonetheless, the RB solution can become diluted or dispersed over the tissue and prevented from penetrating the nail plate to reach the subungual area where fungal infection proliferates. Nanoparticles carrying RB can mitigate the problem of dilution and are reported to effectively penetrate through the nail. For this reason, we have synthesized RB-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles with a peak distribution size of ~200 nm and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The RB-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles aPDT were shown to kill more than 99% of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. interdigitale spores, which are the common clinically relevant pathogens in onychomycosis. These nanoparticles are not cytotoxic against human fibroblasts, which promotes their safe application in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Bekmukhametova
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anu Antony
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona Halliday
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chun-Hoong Ho
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Laurel George
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility (AMCF), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Wuhrer
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility (AMCF), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Myers
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Houang
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Varaschin Theodorovicz K, Vieira-Junior WF, Manoel Garcia R, Pini Simões Gobbi L, Mayume Mori M, Prado Dias Filho B, Alves Nunes Leite Lima D, Sundfeld D, Pavesi Pini NI. Impact of chitosan-incorporated toothpaste on roughness, gloss, and antifungal potential of acrylic resin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21347. [PMID: 38049493 PMCID: PMC10696081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to test the efficacy of different silica-based toothpastes with or without chitosan, as a method of cleaning the acrylic surfaces of denture prostheses. Acrylic resin specimens were prepared to evaluate surface roughness and gloss (n = 10), and Candida albicans adhesion/inhibition (n = 2). Two toothpastes with different degrees of abrasiveness were used: Colgate (CT) and Elmex (EX), with or without 0.5% chitosan (Ch) microparticles (CTCh or EXCh, respectively). The negative control was brushed with distilled water. Brushing was simulated with a machine. Surface roughness and gloss were analyzed before and after brushing. Candida albicans incidence/inhibition was tested qualitatively to determine the acrylic resin antifungal activity. The roughness and gloss data were analyzed with a generalized linear model, and the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests, respectively (α = 5%). Brushing with toothpastes increased roughness and reduced gloss, compared with the negative control (p < 0.05). CT showed a more significantly different change in roughness and gloss, in relation to the other groups (p < 0.05). Addition of chitosan to CT reduced its abrasive potential, and yielded results similar to those of EX and EXCh. Specimens brushed with CT showed a higher potential for Candida albicans adherence, despite its higher antifungal action. Addition of chitosan to the toothpaste made both toothpaste and brushing more effective in inhibiting Candida albicans. CT had the potential to increase roughness, reduce gloss, and increase Candida albicans adherence. In contrast, chitosan added to CT showed greater antifungal potential, and a higher synergistic effect than EX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waldemir Franscisco Vieira-Junior
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center (SLMandic), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Raissa Manoel Garcia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Mayume Mori
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Ingá University Center (UNINGÁ), Estrada PR 317, 6114 - Parque Industrial 200, Maringá, PR, 87035-510, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sundfeld
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Ingá University Center (UNINGÁ), Estrada PR 317, 6114 - Parque Industrial 200, Maringá, PR, 87035-510, Brazil
| | - Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Ingá University Center (UNINGÁ), Estrada PR 317, 6114 - Parque Industrial 200, Maringá, PR, 87035-510, Brazil.
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Raile PN, Oliveira VDC, Macedo AP, Curylofo PA, Marcato PD, Watanabe E, Paranhos HDFO, Pagnano VO. Action of chitosan-based solutions against a model four-species biofilm formed on cobalt-chromium and acrylic resin surfaces. Gerodontology 2023; 40:472-483. [PMID: 36629151 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-biofilm action of chitosan, nanoparticulate chitosan, and denture cleanser Nitradine™ against biofilms comprising Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. BACKGROUND Biofilm removal from removable partial dentures (RPD) is important for success in prosthetic rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-biofilm action of the experimental chitosan-based solutions and Nitradine™ was evaluated on acrylic resin and cobalt-chromium alloy through assessing cell viability, cell metabolism, residual aggregated biofilm, and extracellular polymeric substance and biofilm morphology. RESULTS Only chitosan reduced the viability of C. albicans on cobalt-chromium alloy surface, by 98% (a 1.7 log10 reduction in cfu). Chitosan-based solutions neither promoted substantial alteration of the metabolic activity of the four-species biofilm nor reduced the amount of the aggregated biofilm. After immersion in chitosan and nanoparticulate chitosan, viable microorganisms and extracellular polymeric substances distributed over the entire specimens' surfaces were observed. Nitradine™ reduced the viability and metabolic activity of biofilm grown on both surfaces, but it did not remove all aggregated biofilm and extracellular polymeric substances. After immersion in Nitradine™, approximately 35% of the specimens' surfaces remained covered by aggregated biofilm, mainly composed of dead cells. CONCLUSION Although chitosan and Nitradine™ promoted changes in the viability of microorganisms, neither solution completely removed the four-species biofilm from the Co-Cr and acrylic resin surfaces. Thus, isolated use of hygiene solutions is not indicated for biofilm control on RPDs; this requires complementary mechanical removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Neves Raile
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network-HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Almeida Curylofo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscyla Daniely Marcato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network-HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Oliveira Pagnano
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zoe LH, David SR, Rajabalaya R. Chitosan nanoparticle toxicity: A comprehensive literature review of in vivo and in vitro assessments for medical applications. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:83-106. [PMID: 38187113 PMCID: PMC10767636 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Topic definition This literature review aims to update the current knowledge on toxicity of chitosan nanoparticles, compare the recent findings and identify the gaps with knowledge that is present for the chitosan nanoparticles. Methods The publications between 2010 and 2020 were searched in Science Direct, Pubmed.gov, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and ClinicalTrials.gov, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 30 primary research studies were obtained from the literature review to compare the in vitro in vivo toxicity profiles among the chitosan nanoparticles. Major highlights Chitosan nanoparticles and other types of nanoparticles show cytotoxic effects on cancer cells while having minimal toxicity on normal cells. This apparent effect poses some considerations for use in incorporating cancer therapeutics into chitosan nanoparticles as an administration form. The concentration, duration of exposure, and pH of the solution can influence nanoparticle cytotoxicity, particularly in zebrafish. Different cell lines exhibit varying degrees of toxicity when exposed to nanoparticles, and of note are liver cells that show toxicity under exposure as indicated by increased alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Aside from ALT, platelet aggregation can be considered a toxicity induced by chitosan nanoparticles. In addition, zebrafish cells experience the most toxicity, including organ damage, neurobehavioral impairment, and developmental abnormalities, when exposed to nanoparticles. However, nanoparticles may exhibit different toxicity profiles in different organisms, with brain toxicity and liver toxicity being present in zebrafish but not rats. Different organs exhibit varying degrees of toxicity, with the eye and mouth apparently having the lowest toxicity, while the brain, intestine, muscles and lung showing mixed results. Cardiotoxicity induced by chitosan nanoparticles was not observed in zebrafish embryos, and nanoparticles may reduce cardiotoxicity when delivering drug. Toxicity found in an organ may not necessarily mean that it is toxic towards all the cells found in that organ, as muscle toxicity was present when tested in zebrafish but not in C2C12 myoblast cells. Some of the studies conducted may have limitations that need to be reconsidered to account for differing results, with some examples being two experiments done on HeLa cells where one study concluded chitosan nanoparticles were toxic to the cells while the other seems to have no toxicity present. With regards to LD50, one study has stated the concentration of 64.21 mg/ml was found. Finally, smaller nanoparticles generally exhibit higher toxicity in cells compared to larger nanoparticles. Scope for future work This literature review did not uncover any published clinical trials with available results. Subsequent research endeavors should prioritize conducting clinical trials involving human volunteers to directly assess toxicity, rather than relying on cell or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaw Hui Zoe
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sheba R. David
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Rajan Rajabalaya
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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10
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Pejon LS, Oliveira VDC, Amorim AA, Raffaini JC, de Arruda CNF, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. Antimicrobial effect of phytosphingosine in acrylic resin. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:107-114. [PMID: 37909633 PMCID: PMC10642271 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated color stability (CS), anti-adherence effect (AAE), and cell viability of microorganisms on acrylic resin (AR) surface, treated associated or not with sodium percarbonate (SP). AR specimens were prepared, and color analysis was performed before and after the treatments and the CS was calculated. For analysis of AAE, the samples were sterilized by radiation in a microwave oven. Then samples were randomly distributed: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS - control), 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (SH), phytosphingosine (PHS), and phytosphingosine + SP (PHS+Na2CO3). The specimens remained in contact with solutions for 30 minutes and were later contaminated by Candida albicans. Aliquots were seeded in Petri dishes with Sabouraud Dextrose agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After the incubation, the number of colonies was counted. The cell viability of adhered microorganisms on the AR was evaluated and 20 fields were observed under an epifluorescence microscope, and the percentage of adhered viable cells was calculated. Data were compared (One-way ANOVA, Tukey, p<.05). As for CS, PHS+ Na2CO3 (0.4±0.1) resulted in less change than PBS (0.9±0.2), similar to the other groups (SH [1.0±0.3)]; PHS [0.9±0.2)]). There was no difference for all tested solutions regarding the ability to avoid microorganism adherence (p>0.05), but PHS (11.2±4.1) resulted in a smaller area of adhered viable cells, statistically different from SH (18.2±7.6) and PBS (26.4±10.8). It was concluded that PHS resulted in lower adhered viable cells and when associated with Na2CO3, also shows a lower effect on the CS of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Sanchez Pejon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Correa Raffaini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Noronha Ferraz de Arruda
- Department of Prosthodontics of School of Dentistry - Rio de Janeiro State University. Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 157, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abdelsattar AS, Yakoup AY, Khaled Y, Safwat A, El-Shibiny A. The synergistic effect of using bacteriophages and chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria as a novel therapeutic approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:374-384. [PMID: 36581028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Public health and environmental security are seriously at risk due to the growing contamination of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, effective antimicrobials are urgently needed. In our study, the antimicrobial effects of three types of nanoparticles were investigated with phage. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed based on the color change and shapes, which tended to be mono-dispersed with a spherical shape with a size range of 20-35 nm for Ag-CS-NPs; 15-30 nm for Phage-CS-NPs (Ph-CS-NPs); and 5-35 nm for Propolis-CS-NPs (Pro-CS-NPs). Nanoparticles displayed peaks between 380-420 nm, 335-380 nm, and below 335 nm for Ag-CS-NPs, Pro-CS-NPs, and Ph-CS NPs, respectively. Throughout the three synthesized nanoparticles, AgCs NPs represented a higher antibacterial effect in combination with phages. It showed MIC against S. sciuri, S. Typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa between 31.2 and 62.2 μg/mL and MBC at 500, 62.5, and 31.2 μg/mL, respectively, while in combination with phages showed MIC at 62.2, 31.2, and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively and MBC at 125, 62.2, and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, a significant killing efficiency was observed with 16.5-30.1 μg/mL of Ag-CS NPs combined with phages. In conclusion, Ag-CS-NPs with phages present potential bactericidal and inhibitory effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against the production of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt.
| | - Aghapy Yermans Yakoup
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt.
| | - Yousef Khaled
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt.
| | - Anan Safwat
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt; Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish 45511, Egypt.
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12
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Bangera MK, Kotian R, Madhyastha P. Effects of silver nanoparticle-based antimicrobial formulations on the properties of denture polymer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:310-321. [PMID: 34176655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture stomatitis and other oral infections are prevalent in denture wearers and can be treated effectively with an antimicrobial agent such as a silver nanoparticle-based polymer. However, the physical properties of the denture should not be adversely affected by the addition. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies was to analyze the effects of a silver nanoparticle-based antimicrobial resin on the properties of polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)-based denture resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Full-length English language articles reporting silver nanoparticle-based PMMA resin were included in the review, with no limitation on the year till May 2020. Scopus, Web of Sciences, and PubMed databases were accessed for the literature survey. The review was formulated based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and risk of bias Cochrane tool for quality assessment. A meta-analysis of flexural strength was performed by using a random-effects model at a 95% confidence interval. The other properties were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Silver nanoparticle reinforcement caused considerable differences in the inherent physical material properties of PMMA. CONCLUSIONS An antimicrobial polymer nanocomposite formulation can either negatively affect or bring no improvement to the physical properties of denture resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Keshava Bangera
- PhD Research Scholar, Department of Dental Materials, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra Kotian
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Prashanthi Madhyastha
- Professor and Head, Department of Dental Materials, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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13
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In vitro antimicrobial effects of chitosan on microcosm biofilms of oral candidiasis. J Dent 2022; 125:104246. [PMID: 35914573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effects of chitosan (CS) on microcosm biofilms derived from saliva of patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis. METHODS Five removable denture wearers with denture stomatitis were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS against clinical isolates of Candida albicans was determined according to the broth microdilution method. Pooled saliva from the donors was used as an inoculum for the formation of biofilms, which were developed during 72 h on acrylic surfaces in the Amsterdam Active Attachment model. The biofilms were then treated with different concentrations of CS, and the antibiofilm effects were evaluated through the quantification of colony-forming units (CFUs), total biomass (TB), metabolic activity (MA), lactic acid production (LAP), and cell viability (by confocal laser scanning microscopy). Chlorhexidine, miconazole, and nystatin were tested as positive controls, while the negative control (NC) was the untreated biofilm. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Fischer LSD's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS MIC values of CS ranged from 500 to 800 µg/mL. For CFUs, 2500 µg/mL CS was the most effective treatment in reducing total anaerobes, mutans streptococci, and Lactobacillus spp., significantly differing from the controls. For C. albicans CFUs, CS and positive controls did not differ from each other but led to significant reductions compared to NC. Regarding TB, MA, LAP, and cell viability, 2500 µg/mL CS promoted the greatest reductions compared to NC. CONCLUSION CS has similar or superior effects to conventional active principles on important parameters of oral candidiasis microcosm biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The antibiofilm effects of CS show that this compound has great potential to improve the clinical condition of denture stomatitis patients, and formulations containing this natural polymer could be useful for controlling oral candidiasis.
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14
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Palaniraj S, Murugesan R, Narayan S. Aprotinin – Conjugated biocompatible porous nanocomposite for dentine remineralization and biofilm degradation. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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da Silva Neto JX, Dias LP, Lopes de Souza LA, Silva da Costa HP, Vasconcelos IM, Pereira ML, de Oliveira JTA, Cardozo CJP, Gonçalves Moura LFW, de Sousa JS, Carneiro RF, Lopes TDP, Bezerra de Sousa DDO. Insights into the structure and mechanism of action of the anti-candidal lectin Mo-CBP2 and evaluation of its synergistic effect and antibiofilm activity. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Yun Z, Qin D, Wei F, Xiaobing L. Application of antibacterial nanoparticles in orthodontic materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During the orthodontic process, increased microbial colonization and dental plaque formation on the orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries are major complications, causing oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. To reduce plaque accumulation, antimicrobial materials are increasingly being investigated and applied to orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries by various methods. Through the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to exhibit excellent antibacterial properties and have been applied in orthodontic materials to decrease dental plaque accumulation. In this review, we present the current development, antibacterial mechanisms, biocompatibility, and application of antibacterial NPs in orthodontic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
| | - Du Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , 610072 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , 610072 , China
| | - Li Xiaobing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610041 , China
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Mba IE, Nweze EI. Application of Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases: An Overview. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022:25-51. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-9190-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
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18
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Surface Modification to Modulate Microbial Biofilms-Applications in Dental Medicine. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226994. [PMID: 34832390 PMCID: PMC8625127 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in materials science and nanotechnology has led to the development of advanced materials with multifunctional properties. Dental medicine has benefited from the design of such materials and coatings in providing patients with tailored implants and improved materials for restorative and functional use. Such materials and coatings allow for better acceptance by the host body, promote successful implantation and determine a reduced inflammatory response after contact with the materials. Since numerous dental pathologies are influenced by the presence and activity of some pathogenic microorganisms, novel materials are needed to overcome this challenge as well. This paper aimed to reveal and discuss the most recent and innovative progress made in the field of materials surface modification in terms of microbial attachment inhibition and biofilm formation, with a direct impact on dental medicine.
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Magalhães TC, Teixeira NM, França RS, Denadai ÂML, Santos RLD, Carlo HL, Munchow EA, Carvalho FGD. Synthesis of a chitosan nanoparticle suspension and its protective effects against enamel demineralization after an in vitro cariogenic challenge. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210120. [PMID: 34644779 PMCID: PMC8523102 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our study aims to synthesize, characterize, and determine the effects of a ChNPs suspension on human enamel after cariogenic challenge via pH-cycling. Methodology ChNPs were synthesized by ion gelation and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. Forty enamel blocks were divided into four groups (n=10/group): (i) ChNPs suspension; (ii) chitosan solution; (iii) 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) solution; and (iv) distilled water. Specimens were exposed to cariogenic challenge by cycling in demineralization solution (3 h) and then remineralized (21h) for 7 days. Before each demineralization cycle, the corresponding solutions were passively applied for 90 s. After 7 days, specimens were examined for surface roughness (Ra) and Knoop hardness (KHN) before and after the cariogenic challenge; % KHN change (variation between initial and final hardness), and surface topography by an optical profilometer. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results TEM images showed small spherical particles with diameter and zeta potential values of 79.3 nm and +47.9 mV, respectively. After the challenge, all groups showed an increase in Ra and a decrease in KHN values. Optical profilometry indicated that ChNPs- and NaF-treated specimens showed uneven roughness interspersed with smooth areas and the lowest %KHN values. Conclusion The ChNPs suspension was successfully synthesized and minimized human enamel demineralization after a cariogenic challenge, showing an interesting potential for use as an oral formulation for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Chaves Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Departamento de Odontologia, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Natália Moreira Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Departamento de Odontologia, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Renata Sobreira França
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brasil
| | - Ângelo Márcio Leite Denadai
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Departamento de Farmácia, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rogério Lacerda Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Departamento de Odontologia, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Departamento de Odontologia, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Eliseu Aldrighi Munchow
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Departamento de Odontologia, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Departamento de Odontologia, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Synthesis of Amphotericin B Conjugated Chitosan Nanomaterial From Fish Scales and Evaluation of its Antifungal Activity. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Striking Back against Fungal Infections: The Utilization of Nanosystems for Antifungal Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810104. [PMID: 34576268 PMCID: PMC8466259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have become a major health concern, given that invasive infections by Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species have led to millions of mortalities. Conventional antifungal drugs including polyenes, echinocandins, azoles, allylamins, and antimetabolites have been used for decades, but their limitations include off-target toxicity, drug-resistance, poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and weak tissue penetration, which cannot be ignored. These drawbacks have led to the emergence of novel antifungal therapies. In this review, we discuss the nanosystems that are currently utilized for drug delivery and the application of antifungal therapies.
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22
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Characterization and Physical and Biological Properties of Tissue Conditioner Incorporated with Carum copticum L. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5577760. [PMID: 34423036 PMCID: PMC8376465 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim One of the main problems in dentistry is the injury caused by the long-term application of an ill-fitting denture. The existence of multiple microorganisms along with the susceptibility of the tissue conditioners to colonize them can lead to denture stomatitis. This study is aimed at developing a tissue conditioner incorporated with Carum copticum L. (C. copticum L.) for the effective treatment of these injuries. Materials and Methods The Carum copticum L. essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass (GC-mass) spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against the standard strains of bacterial and fungal species was determined by broth microdilution methods as suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The physical and chemical properties of the prepared tissue conditioner were investigated by viscoelasticity, FTIR assays, and the release study performed. Furthermore, the antibiofilm activity of the Carum copticum L. essential oil-loaded tissue conditioner was evaluated by using the XTT reduction assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The main component of the essential oil is thymol, which possesses high antimicrobial activity. The broth microdilution assay showed that the essential oil has broad activity as the minimum inhibitory concentration was in the range of 32-128 μg mL-1. The viscoelasticity test showed that the essential oil significantly diminished the viscoelastic modulus on the first day. The FTIR test showed that Carum copticum L. essential oil was preserved as an independent component in the tissue conditioner. The release study showed that the essential oil was released in 3 days following a sustained release and with an ultimate cumulative release of 81%. Finally, the Carum copticum L. essential oil exhibited significant activity in the inhibition of microbial biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Indeed, the lowest and highest amounts of biofilm formation on the tissue conditioner disks are exhibited in the Streptococcus salivarius and Candida albicans by up to 22.4% and 71.4% at the 64 μg mL-1 concentration of C. copticum L. with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion The obtained results showed that the Carum copticum L. essential oil-loaded tissue conditioner possessed suitable physical, biological, and release properties for use as a novel treatment for denture stomatitis.
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Soussi S, Essid R, Karkouch I, Saad H, Bachkouel S, Aouani E, Limam F, Tabbene O. Effect of Lipopeptide-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Candida albicans Adhesion and on the Growth of Leishmania major. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3732-3752. [PMID: 34398423 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus species exhibit interesting therapeutic potential. However, their clinical use remains limited due to their low stability, undesirable interactions with host macromolecules, and their potential toxicity to mammalian cells. The present work aims to develop suitable lipopeptide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with improved biological properties and reduced toxicity. Surfactin and bacillomycin D lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B84 strain were loaded onto chitosan nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation process. Nanoformulated lipopeptides exhibit an average size of 569 nm, a zeta potential range of 38.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 85.58%. Treatment of Candida (C.) albicans cells with encapsulated lipopeptides induced anti-adhesive activity of 81.17% and decreased cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) by 25.53% at 2000 µg/mL. Nanoformulated lipopeptides also induced antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (L.) major promastigote and amastigote forms at respective IC50 values of 14.37 µg/mL and 22.45 µg/mL. Nanoencapsulated lipopeptides exerted low cytotoxicity towards human erythrocytes and Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line with respective HC50 and LC50 values of 770 µg/mL and 234.56 µg/mL. Nanoencapsulated lipopeptides could be used as a potential delivery system of lipopeptides to improve their anti-adhesive effect against C. albicans cells colonizing medical devices and their anti-infectious activity against leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Soussi
- Laboratoire Des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia.,Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Essid
- Laboratoire Des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Ines Karkouch
- Laboratoire Des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Houda Saad
- Laboratoire Des Matériaux Composites Et Minéraux Argileux, Centre National Des Recherches en Sciences Des Matériaux, BP-73, 8027, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Bachkouel
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Espace D'Appui À La Recherche Et de Transfert Technologique, BP-901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- Laboratoire Des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratoire Des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratoire Des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, 2050, Hammam-lif, Tunisia.
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Nanoparticles in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080752. [PMID: 34451849 PMCID: PMC8398506 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have been receiving more attention in dentistry. Their advantageous physicochemical and biological properties can improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of numerous oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, pulp and periapical lesions, oral candidiasis, denture stomatitis, hyposalivation, and head, neck, and oral cancer. NPs can also enhance the mechanical and microbiological properties of dental prostheses and implants and can be used to improve drug delivery through the oral mucosa. This paper reviewed studies from 2015 to 2020 and summarized the potential applications of different types of NPs in the many fields of dentistry.
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de Lima TM, Arias LS, Afanaci LF, Ferraresse RF, de S Neto FN, de Lima BH, Straioto FG, de Camargo ER, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Assembly and antifungal effect of a new fluconazole-carrier nanosystem. Future Microbiol 2021; 15:273-285. [PMID: 32271112 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assemble, characterize and assess the antifungal effects of a new fluconazole (FLZ)-carrier nanosystem. Materials & methods: The nanosystem was prepared by loading FLZ on chitosan (CS)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Antifungal effects were evaluated on planktonic cells (by minimum inhibitory concentration determination) and on biofilms (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass, metabolism and extracellular matrix) of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Results: Characterization results ratified the formation of a nanosystem (<320 nm) with FLZ successfully embedded. IONPs-CS-FLZ nanosystem reduced minimum inhibitory concentration values and, in general, showed similar antibiofilm effects compared with FLZ alone. Conclusion: IONPs-CS-FLZ nanosystem was more effective than FLZ mainly in inhibiting Candida planktonic cells. This nanocarrier has potential to fight fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynara Mt de Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE),19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís S Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Afanaci
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fb Ferraresse
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco N de S Neto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hr de Lima
- Chemi Engenharia de Materiais, 13560-460 São Carlos/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana G Straioto
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE),19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson R de Camargo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano P Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas R Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE),19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
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Chander NG, Jayaraman V. Estimation of IZOD impact strength between different concentrations of chitosan-reinforced denture base resins. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:380-384. [PMID: 35229779 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_71_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is an universally acceptable denture base material. Efforts are made to increase the applications with the addition of new constituents. Chitosan has established antifungal properties. The mechanical properties of Chitosan-denture base composite is less evaluated in the literature. This study estimates the differences in impact strength of material for different concentrations of chitosan-reinforced denture base resins. Aim The study estimated the differences in IZOD impact strength of denture base resin reinforced with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of chitosan by weight. Materials and Methods The acrylic samples were fabricated in according to ISO 180 regulations. The study had four test groups (n = 10). ACh0 was the control group with no reinforcements. ACh5, ACh10 and ACh15 had chitosan reinforcement of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The samples were processed by conventional heat polymerization cycle and tested in IZOD impact testing machine. The data were recorded and statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The mean impact strength was high in ACh5 (4.25 ± 1.05 kJ/m2) compared to ACh0 (2.88 ± 0.60 kJ/m2), ACh10 (3.63 ± 0.40 kJ/m2), ACh15 (3.38±0.60 KJ/m2). Statistically significant differences between the test groups was determined by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Bonferroni test (Chi-square = 12.843, P = .005, df = 3). Conclusion The impact strength of denture base resin increased with 5% chitosan compared with other percentage of chitosan. No statistical significant relationship was observed between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gopi Chander
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswami Memorial Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatraman Jayaraman
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Ramaswami Memorial Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Atriwal T, Azeem K, Husain FM, Hussain A, Khan MN, Alajmi MF, Abid M. Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638609. [PMID: 33995297 PMCID: PMC8121174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for novel antifungal therapies has increased several- folds due to its potential to treat severe biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms are made by the sessile microorganisms attached to the abiotic or biotic surfaces, enclosed in a matrix of exopolymeric substances. This results in new phenotypic characteristics and intrinsic resistance from both host immune response and antimicrobial drugs. Candida albicans biofilm is a complex association of hyphal cells that are associated with both abiotic and animal tissues. It is an invasive fungal infection and acts as an important virulent factor. The challenges linked with biofilm-associated diseases have urged scientists to uncover the factors responsible for the formation and maturation of biofilm. Several strategies have been developed that could be adopted to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. This article presents an overview of the role of C. albicans biofilm in its pathogenicity, challenges it poses and threats associated with its formation. Further, it discusses strategies that are currently available or under development targeting prostaglandins, quorum-sensing, changing surface properties of biomedical devices, natural scaffolds, and small molecule-based chemical approaches to combat the threat of C. albicans biofilm. This review also highlights the recent developments in finding ways to increase the penetration of drugs into the extracellular matrix of biofilm using different nanomaterials against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Atriwal
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashish Azeem
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Nadeem Khan
- Department of Tashreehul Badan, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Chander NG, Venkatraman J. Mechanical properties and surface roughness of chitosan reinforced heat polymerized denture base resin. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:101-108. [PMID: 33896890 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The antifungal property of chitosan (Ch) in denture base resin (DBR) was well established. Ch influence on the mechanical properties of DBR is less studied in the literature and is vital for clinical success of denture. This study estimates the effect of different concentrations of Ch on the flexural strength (FS), fracture toughness (FT), impact strength (IS) and surface roughness (Ra) in heat polymerized DBR. METHODS A total of 160 samples were divided into 4 groups (n =10) by weight percentage - Ch 0, Ch 5, Ch 10, Ch 15. FS and FT were estimated by three-point bending test. IS was determined by Charpy test. Ra was evaluated by non-contact laser surface profilometer. The tested samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy. Data were statistical analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Post hoc Bonferroni test. RESULTS FS, FT and IS improved with Ch addition when compared to control group. Ch5 showed higher "FS, FT, IS. (p<0.001)". Increased Ra was observed in Ch5 and Ch10 with significant statistical differences among the g roups. (p <0.001) Ch15 displayed decrease in Ra compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS The addition of Ch to DBR improved the "FS, FT, IS at 5%wt and Ra at 15%wt" of Ch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Gopi Chander
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswami Memorial Dental College, Ramapuram,Chennai, Tamilnadu
| | - Jayaraman Venkatraman
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Ramaswami Memorial Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu
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Rao H, Choo S, Rajeswari Mahalingam SR, Adisuri DS, Madhavan P, Md. Akim A, Chong PP. Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies. Molecules 2021; 26:1870. [PMID: 33810292 PMCID: PMC8036581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinash Rao
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Sulin Choo
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | | | - Diajeng Sekar Adisuri
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (H.R.); (D.S.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Abdah Md. Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
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30
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Srimaneepong V, Thanamee T, Wattanasirmkit K, Muangsawat S, Matangkasombut O. Efficacy of low-molecular weight chitosan against Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate resin. Aust Dent J 2021; 66:262-269. [PMID: 33486770 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida biofilm is a major cause of denture stomatitis. We aimed to compare the efficacy of low-molecular-weight chitosan solutions against Candida albicans biofilm on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. METHODS Various types of chitosan were tested for anti-Candida activity by broth dilution. Two types were selected for further testing on 24-hour C.albicans biofilm formed on PMMA specimens. Specimens were randomly distributed among experimental groups, including 0.1% and 0.2% acetic acid, 3 and 6 mg/mL of oligomer chitosan and 30 kDa chitosan solutions, effervescent tablet (Polident), and 0.2% chlorhexidine, and immersed for 5 min to 12 h. The viability of C. albicans after cleansing were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Remaining viability was calculated into percentage relative to respective controls and analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests. Live/dead fluorescence microscopy was also performed. RESULTS Chitosan solutions had high efficacy against C. albicans biofilm on PMMA. The mean relative viability compared to control after 12-h immersion was 6.60 ± 4.75% and 12.72 ± 6.96% for 3 and 6 mg/mL oligomer, respectively, and 11.68 ± 4.81% and 18.08 ± 6.20% for 3 and 6 mg/mL 30 kDa chitosan, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low-molecular-weight chitosan solution is an effective antifungal denture cleanser that can significantly reduce C. albicans viability in biofilm on PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viritpon Srimaneepong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Thanamee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sureeporn Muangsawat
- Department of Microbiology and Research unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Research unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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31
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Antifungal and Surface Properties of Chitosan-Salts Modified PMMA Denture Base Material. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245899. [PMID: 33322112 PMCID: PMC7763281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives show antimicrobial properties. This is of interest in preventing and treating denture stomatitis, which can be caused by fungi. Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of a novel antifungal denture base material by modifying polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with CS-salt and characterizing its antifungal and surface properties in vitro. For this purpose, the antifungal effect of chitosan-hydrochloride (CS-HCl) or chitosan-glutamate (CS-G) as solutions in different concentrations was determined. To obtain modified PMMA resin specimens, the CS-salts were added to the PMMA before polymerization. The roughness of these specimens was measured by contact profilometry. For the evaluation of the antifungal properties of the CS-salt modified resins, a C. albicans biofilm assay on the specimens was performed. As solutions, both the CS-G and CS-HCl-salt had an antifungal effect and inhibited C. albicans growth in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, CS-salt modified PMMA resins showed no significant reduced C. albicans biofilm formation. Furthermore, the addition of CS-salts to PMMA significantly increased the surface roughness of the specimens. This study shows that despite the antifungal effect of CS-salts in solution, a modification of PMMA resin with these CS-salts does not improve the antifungal properties of PMMA denture base material.
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32
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Alzayyat ST, Almutiri GA, Aljandan JK, Algarzai RM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Matin A, Gad MM. Antifungal Efficacy and Physical Properties of Poly(methylmethacrylate) Denture Base Material Reinforced with SiO 2 Nanoparticles. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:500-508. [PMID: 33020964 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the addition of low concentration of silicon-dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2 ) to poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material on Candida albicans adhesion, surface roughness, contact angle, hardness, and translucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 acrylic disks were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin and specimens were divided into 3 groups of 50 per test. They were further subdivided into 5 subgroups (n = 10) according to the concentration of nano-SiO2 : control (no addition) and four tested groups modified with 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% nano-SiO2 of acrylic powder. Slide count and direct culture methods were used to measure C. albicans count (CFU/mL). The surface roughness values (Ra ; μm) were determined using a profilometer. The contact angle (o ) measurement was performed by a goniometer using the sessile drop method. Vickers hardness was used to analyze surface hardness. Translucency was measured using a spectrophotometer. Data analysis was conducted through analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Compared to the control group, direct culture and slide count methods illustrated a significant decrease in C. albicans count (p ˂ 0.001) with the addition of nano-SiO2 , and this decrease was correlated with the concentration of nano-SiO2 . The addition of nano-SiO2 significantly decreased the contact angle (p ˂ 0.001), whereas hardness and surface roughness significantly increased (p ˂ 0.001). The addition of nano-SiO2 significantly decreased translucency (p ˂ 0.001), and this decrease was concentration dependent. CONCLUSION Addition of low concentration of nano-SiO2 decreased C. albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base resin. Also, low additions of nano-SiO2 have positive effects on contact angle and hardness, whereas surface roughness and translucency were adversely affected at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Alzayyat
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah A Almutiri
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawhara K Aljandan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem M Algarzai
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Matin
- Centre for Research Excellence in Desalination & Water Treatment, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Araujo HC, Arias LS, Caldeirão ACM, Assumpção LCDF, Morceli MG, de Souza Neto FN, de Camargo ER, Oliveira SHP, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Novel Colloidal Nanocarrier of Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Antifungal Activities on Candida Species and Cytotoxic Potential on Murine Fibroblasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040218. [PMID: 33053629 PMCID: PMC7712500 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been used as alternative tools to overcome the resistance of Candida species to conventional treatments. This study prepared a nanocarrier of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated with chitosan (CS), and assessed its antifungal and cytotoxic effects. CPC was immobilized on CS-coated IONPs, and the nanocarrier was physico-chemically characterized. Antifungal effects were determined on planktonic cells of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays) and on single- and dual-species biofilms of these strains (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass and metabolic activity). Murine fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of the nanocarrier, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Characterization methods confirmed the presence of a nanocarrier smaller than 313 nm. IONPs-CS-CPC and free CPC showed the same MIC values (0.78 µg mL−1). CPC-containing nanocarrier at 78 µg mL−1 significantly reduced the number of cultivable cells for all biofilms, surpassing the effect promoted by free CPC. For total biomass, metabolic activity, and cytotoxic effects, the nanocarrier and free CPC produced statistically similar outcomes. In conclusion, the IONPs-CS-CPC nanocarrier was more effective than CPC in reducing the cultivable cells of Candida biofilms without increasing the cytotoxic effects of CPC, and may be a useful tool for the treatment of oral fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Ceolin Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
| | - Lanay Caroline de Freitas Assumpção
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Marcela Grigoletto Morceli
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | | | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil;
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-18-3229-1000
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Kischkel B, Rossi SA, Santos SR, Nosanchuk JD, Travassos LR, Taborda CP. Therapies and Vaccines Based on Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Systemic Fungal Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:463. [PMID: 33014889 PMCID: PMC7502903 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities for systemic mycoses are still limited. Currently, the main antifungal therapeutics include polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. However, even in the setting of appropriate administration of antifungals, mortality rates remain unacceptably high. Moreover, antifungal therapy is expensive, treatment periods can range from weeks to years, and toxicity is also a serious concern. In recent years, the increased number of immunocompromised individuals has contributed to the high global incidence of systemic fungal infections. Given the high morbidity and mortality rates, the complexity of treatment strategies, drug toxicity, and the worldwide burden of disease, there is a need for new and efficient therapeutic means to combat invasive mycoses. One promising avenue that is actively being pursued is nanotechnology, to develop new antifungal therapies and efficient vaccines, since it allows for a targeted delivery of drugs and antigens, which can reduce toxicity and treatment costs. The goal of this review is to discuss studies using nanoparticles to develop new therapeutic options, including vaccination methods, to combat systemic mycoses caused by Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Paracoccidioides sp., Histoplasma sp., Coccidioides sp., and Aspergillus sp., in addition to providing important information on the use of different types of nanoparticles, nanocarriers and their corresponding mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suélen A Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel R Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Departments of Medicine [Division of Infectious Diseases], Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Mycology-Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo/LIM53/Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Araujo VHS, Duarte JL, Carvalho GC, Silvestre ALP, Fonseca-Santos B, Marena GD, Ribeiro TDC, Dos Santos Ramos MA, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Nanosystems against candidiasis: a review of studies performed over the last two decades. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:508-547. [PMID: 32795108 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1803208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The crescent number of cases of candidiasis and the increase in the number of infections developed by non-albicans species and by multi-resistant strains has taken the attention of the scientific community, which has been searching for new therapeutic alternatives. Among the alternatives found the use of nanosystems for delivery of drugs already commercialized and new biomolecules have grown, in order to increase stability, solubility, optimize efficiency and reduce adverse effects. In view of the growing number of studies involving technological alternatives for the treatment of candidiasis, the present review came with the intention of gathering studies from the last two decades that used nanotechnology for the treatment of candidiasis, as well as analysing them critically and pointing out the future perspectives for their application with this purpose. Different studies were considered for the development of this review, addressing nanosystems such as metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsion, microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipidic nanocapsules and liquid crystals; and different clinical presentations of candidiasis. As a general overview, nanotechnology has proven to be an important ally for the treatment against the diversity of candidiasis found in the clinic, whether in increasing the effectiveness of commercialized drugs and reducing their adverse effects, as well as allowing exploring more effectively properties therapeutics of new biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Sousa Araujo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Davi Marena
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais de Cassia Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Aparecido Dos Santos Ramos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nagay BE, Bitencourt SB, Commar BC, da Silva EVF, Dos Santos DM, Rangel EC, Goiato MC, Del Bel Cury AA, Ricomini-Filho AP, Barão VAR. Antimicrobial and protective effects of non-thermal plasma treatments on the performance of a resinous liner. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104822. [PMID: 32592931 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overcoming substantial shortcomings of soft liners as physico-chemical changes and liner-biofilm-related infections remains a challenge in the rehabilitation treatment. In this study, protective non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatments were developed on the soft liner surface to improve its surface and physico-chemical properties and to reduce fungal colonization after biofilm inhibition challenge. METHODS Resinous liner specimens (Coe-Soft) were prepared and distributed in 3 groups according to the surface treatments: (1) untreated (control); (2) treated with sulfur hexafluoride-based NTP (SF6); and (3) treated with hexamethyldisiloxane-based NTP (HMDSO). To test the NTP stability and their protective and antimicrobial effect on the liner surface over time, the morphology, chemical composition, roughness, water contact angle, shore A hardness, sorption and solubility were evaluated before and after the specimens were exposed to dual-species biofilm of Candida albicans and Streptococcus oralis for 14 days. Colony forming units and biofilm structure were assessed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Both treatments modified the surface morphology, increased hydrophobicity and roughness of the liner, and were effective to reduce C. albicans adhesion without affecting the commensal health-associated S. oralis. HMDSO presented chemical stability and lower hardness in both periods, whereas SF6 exhibited higher initial hardness than control and the highest sorption; contrarily, similar solubility was noted for all groups. CONCLUSION HMDSO-based film showed improved physico-chemical properties and inhibited C. albicans biofilm. Thus, it has potential for use to control candida-related stomatitis and improve liner's stability even after being exposed to biofilm inhibition challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Egumi Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Sandro Basso Bitencourt
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Betina Chiarelo Commar
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Daniela Micheline Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Elidiane Cipriano Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coelho Goiato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Brazil.
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Antibacterial and antifungal impacts of combined silver, zinc oxide, and chitosan nanoparticles within tissue conditioners of complete dentures in vitro. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1343-1350. [PMID: 32405923 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue conditioners are suitable places for colonization of microorganisms. A combination of tissue conditioners with antibacterial and antifungal materials inhibits the growth of microorganisms. AIMS Here, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and chitosan nanoparticles on tissue conditioners in complete dentures. METHODS The growth of four microorganisms in six different concentrations of Ag, ZnO, and chitosan nanoparticles was investigated after 24 and 48 h. Nanoparticles were synthesized using optical sequestration and approved by scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, and infrared (FT-IR) methods. Nanoparticles were combined at 0.5, 0.25, and 0.25 ratios (chitosan, Ag, and ZnO, respectively) with 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mass percentages. Tissue conditioners with nanoparticles were entered to test tubes containing microorganisms, and the growth rate was measured using the turbidity method by spectrophotometer after 24 and 48 h of incubation at 37 °C. RESULTS Growth inhibition of Candida albicans occurred at 2.5% concentration. However, the growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred at 5% after both 24 and 48 h. Also, the optimum nanoparticle concentration for Candida albicans was found to be 1.25% for both timings. On the other hand, the optimum nanoparticle concentration for Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 2.5% for both time scales. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Ag, ZnO, and chitosan nanoparticles inhibited the growth of fungi and bacteria in tissue conditioners. These nanoparticles inhibited the growth of fungi more effectively than bacteria.
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The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a copper-loaded zinc oxide phosphate cement. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3899-3909. [PMID: 32198658 PMCID: PMC7544705 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the “marginal gap” between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We compared a copper-modified (Co-ZOP) and a conventional zinc oxide phosphate cement (ZOP) in terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Specimens of ZOP and Co-ZOP were characterized by the mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). Powder components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed elemental material compositions. In vitro microbial adhesion was shown using SEM, luminescence, and fluorescence assays. CCK-8 assays of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF-1) were performed after 6, 24, and 48 h of specimen incubation. In vivo, ZOP and Co-ZOP specimens were applied intraorally for 12 h; biofilm accumulation was shown using SEM. Results Ra of ZOP and Co-ZOP showed no significant differences; SFE was significantly higher for Co-ZOP. EDX exhibited minor copper radiation for Co-ZOP, none for ZOP. In vitro fungal adhesion to Co-ZOP was significantly higher than to ZOP; in vitro streptococcal adhesion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biofilm formation were not significantly different. Conclusions Co-ZOP showed low surface allocations of copper with no improved antimicrobial properties compared with conventional ZOP in vitro or in vivo. Clinical relevance Antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity of biomaterials are important for the clinical outcome. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, no clinical recommendation can be given for the tested Co-ZOP.
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Makvandi P, Gu JT, Zare EN, Ashtari B, Moeini A, Tay FR, Niu LN. Polymeric and inorganic nanoscopical antimicrobial fillers in dentistry. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:69-101. [PMID: 31542502 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Failure of dental treatments is mainly due to the biofilm accumulated on the dental materials. Many investigations have been conducted on the advancements of antimicrobial dental materials. Polymeric and inorganic nanoscopical agents are capable of inhibiting microorganism proliferation. Applying them as fillers in dental materials can achieve enhanced microbicidal ability. The present review provides a broad overview on the state-of-the-art research in the field of antimicrobial fillers which have been adopted for incorporation into dental materials over the last 5 years. The antibacterial agents and applications are described, with the aim of providing information for future investigations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbial infection is the primary cause of dental treatment failure. The present review provides an overview on the state-of-art in the field of antimicrobial nanoscopical or polymeric fillers that have been applied in dental materials. Trends in the biotechnological development of these antimicrobial fillers over the last 5 years are reviewed to provide a backdrop for further advancement in this field of research.
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Ishchuk OP, Sterner O, Ellervik U, Manner S. Simple Carbohydrate Derivatives Diminish the Formation of Biofilm of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:antibiotics9010010. [PMID: 31905828 PMCID: PMC7167926 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans relies on cell morphological transitions to develop biofilm and invade the host. In the current study, we developed new regulatory molecules, which inhibit the morphological transition of C. albicans from yeast-form cells to cells forming hyphae. These compounds, benzyl α-l-fucopyranoside and benzyl β-d-xylopyranoside, inhibit the hyphae formation and adhesion of C. albicans to a polystyrene surface, resulting in a reduced biofilm formation. The addition of cAMP to cells treated with α-l-fucopyranoside restored the yeast-hyphae switch and the biofilm level to that of the untreated control. In the β-d-xylopyranoside treated cells, the biofilm level was only partially restored by the addition of cAMP, and these cells remained mainly as yeast-form cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena P. Ishchuk
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.S.); (U.E.)
| | - Olov Sterner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.S.); (U.E.)
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.S.); (U.E.)
| | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; (O.S.); (U.E.)
- Correspondence:
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de Lima Nascimento TR, de Amoêdo Campos Velo MM, Silva CF, Costa Cruz SBS, Gondim BLC, Mondelli RFL, Castellano LRC. Current Applications of Biopolymer-based Scaffolds and Nanofibers as Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3997-4012. [PMID: 31701845 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191108162948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high surface-to-volume ratio of polymeric nanofibers makes them an effective vehicle for the release of bioactive molecules and compounds such as growth factors, drugs, herbal extracts and gene sequences. Synthetic polymers are commonly used as sensors, reinforcements and energy storage, whereas natural polymers are more prone to mimicking an extracellular matrix. Natural polymers are a renewable resource and classified as an environmentally friendly material, which might be used in different techniques to produce nanofibers for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, implantable medical devices, antimicrobial barriers and wound dressings, among others. This review sheds some light on the advantages of natural over synthetic polymeric materials for nanofiber production. Also, the most important techniques employed to produce natural nanofibers are presented. Moreover, some pieces of evidence regarding toxicology and cell-interactions using natural nanofibers are discussed. Clearly, the potential extrapolation of such laboratory results into human health application should be addressed cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rita de Lima Nascimento
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health of UFPB, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Félix Silva
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health of UFPB, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Sara Brito Silva Costa Cruz
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health of UFPB, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Brenna Louise Cavalcanti Gondim
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health of UFPB, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health of UFPB, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Bermúdez-Jiménez C, Romney MG, Roa-Flores SA, Martínez-Castañón G, Bach H. Hydrogel-embedded gold nanorods activated by plasmonic photothermy with potent antimicrobial activity. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 22:102093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Carvalho FG, Magalhães TC, Teixeira NM, Gondim BLC, Carlo HL, dos Santos RL, de Oliveira AR, Denadai ÂML. Synthesis and characterization of TPP/chitosan nanoparticles: Colloidal mechanism of reaction and antifungal effect on C. albicans biofilm formation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Biodegradable cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles improve anti-Candida and anti-biofilm activity of TistH, a peptide identified in the venom gland of the Tityus stigmurus scorpion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109830. [PMID: 31349502 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among several bioactive peptides identified from the venom glands of the Tityus stigmurus scorpion, one peptide with hypotensive action (TistH, Tityus stigmurus Hypotensin) showed multifunctional and biotechnological applications. The maximum efficacy of this class of compounds can be achieved by immobilizing it in specific and suitable biomaterials or suitable carriers. In this study, distinct entrapment methods of TistH in chitosan nanoparticles was tested using its incorporation (CN-TistH-Inc) or adsorption (CN-TistH-Ads) methods by ionotropic gelification. Physico-chemical properties as well as biocompatibility and antifungal efficacy were assessed for different samples. Atomic force microscopy and field emission gun scanning electronic microscopy images associated with particle size measurements demonstrated that the two methods induced cationic spherical, small (< 160 nm), and narrow-sized (PdI about 0.3) nanoparticles, even after peptide loading greater than 96.5%, which was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The colloidal suspensions showed to be stable for 8 weeks and were able to induce the desired slow in vitro peptide release. Cytotoxicity assays performed in normal cells originated from murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and kidneys of African green monkeys (Vero E6) suggested biocompatibility of samples. The CN-TistH-Inc and CN-TistH-Ads showed a minimal inhibitory concentration of 89.2 μg.mL-1 against Candida albicans, 11.1 μg.mL-1 for C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis, confirmed by minimum fungicidal concentrations assay. Moreover, the TistH-loaded cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles significantly reduced the biofilm formation of clinical yeast sepsis of C. tropicalis and C. krusei, as well as clinical yeasts of vulvovaginal candidiasis of C. albicans. In this approach, biodegradable nanocarriers prepared using simple and reproducible methods demonstrated the ability to deliver the TistH peptide from T. stigmurus and improve its antifungal efficacy.
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Perić M, Rajković K, Milić Lemić A, Živković R, Arsić Arsenijević V. Development and validation of mathematical models for testing antifungal activity of different essential oils against Candida species. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 98:258-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chong PP, Chin VK, Wong WF, Madhavan P, Yong VC, Looi CY. Transcriptomic and Genomic Approaches for Unravelling Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance-An Update. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110540. [PMID: 30405082 PMCID: PMC6266447 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, which causes a plethora of superficial, as well as invasive, infections in humans. The ability of this fungus in switching from commensalism to active infection is attributed to its many virulence traits. Biofilm formation is a key process, which allows the fungus to adhere to and proliferate on medically implanted devices as well as host tissue and cause serious life-threatening infections. Biofilms are complex communities of filamentous and yeast cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix that confers an enhanced degree of resistance to antifungal drugs. Moreover, the extensive plasticity of the C. albicans genome has given this versatile fungus the added advantage of microevolution and adaptation to thrive within the unique environmental niches within the host. To combat these challenges in dealing with C. albicans infections, it is imperative that we target specifically the molecular pathways involved in biofilm formation as well as drug resistance. With the advent of the -omics era and whole genome sequencing platforms, novel pathways and genes involved in the pathogenesis of the fungus have been unraveled. Researchers have used a myriad of strategies including transcriptome analysis for C. albicans cells grown in different environments, whole genome sequencing of different strains, functional genomics approaches to identify critical regulatory genes, as well as comparative genomics analysis between C. albicans and its closely related, much less virulent relative, C. dubliniensis, in the quest to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the success of C. albicans as a major fungal pathogen. This review attempts to summarize the most recent advancements in the field of biofilm and antifungal resistance research and offers suggestions for future directions in therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Voon Kin Chin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Voon Chen Yong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
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