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Caldeirão ACM, Araujo HC, Arias LS, Ramírez Carmona W, Miranda GP, Oliveira SHP, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species Candida Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070500. [PMID: 34201635 PMCID: PMC8305882 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of different Candida species in oral fungal infections has stimulated the search for more effective therapies. This study assessed the antibiofilm effects of nanocarriers of miconazole (MCZ) or fluconazole (FLZ) on Candida biofilms, and their cytotoxic effects on murine fibroblasts. Three-species biofilms (Candida albicans/Candida glabrata/Candida tropicalis) were formed on 96-well plates, and they were treated with nanocarriers (iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan—“IONPs-CS”) of MCZ or FLZ at 39/78/156 µg/mL; antifungals alone at 156 µg/mL and artificial saliva were tested as positive and negative controls, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed by colony forming units (CFU), biomass, metabolic activity, and structure/viability. The cytotoxicity (L929 cells) of all treatments was determined via 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Data were submitted to one- or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s or Fisher LSD’s tests (p < 0.05). IONPs-CS-MCZ at 78 µg/mL promoted similar antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects compared with MCZ at 156 µg/mL. In turn, IONPs-CS-FLZ at 156 µg/mL was overall the most effective FLZ antibiofilm treatment, surpassing the effects of FLZ alone; this nanocarrier was also less cytotoxic compared with FLZ alone. It can be concluded that both nanocarriers are more effective alternatives to fight Candida biofilms compared with their respective positive controls in vitro, being a promising alternative for the treatment of oral fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heitor Ceolin Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (W.R.C.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (W.R.C.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Wilmer Ramírez Carmona
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (W.R.C.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Gustavo Porangaba Miranda
- School of Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, SP, Brazil;
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil;
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (W.R.C.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (W.R.C.); (J.P.P.)
- School of Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-18-3229-1000
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Araujo HC, Arias LS, Caldeirão ACM, Assumpção LCDF, Morceli MG, de Souza Neto FN, de Camargo ER, Oliveira SHP, Pessan JP, Monteiro DR. Novel Colloidal Nanocarrier of Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Antifungal Activities on Candida Species and Cytotoxic Potential on Murine Fibroblasts. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040218. [PMID: 33053629 PMCID: PMC7712500 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been used as alternative tools to overcome the resistance of Candida species to conventional treatments. This study prepared a nanocarrier of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated with chitosan (CS), and assessed its antifungal and cytotoxic effects. CPC was immobilized on CS-coated IONPs, and the nanocarrier was physico-chemically characterized. Antifungal effects were determined on planktonic cells of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays) and on single- and dual-species biofilms of these strains (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass and metabolic activity). Murine fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of the nanocarrier, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Characterization methods confirmed the presence of a nanocarrier smaller than 313 nm. IONPs-CS-CPC and free CPC showed the same MIC values (0.78 µg mL−1). CPC-containing nanocarrier at 78 µg mL−1 significantly reduced the number of cultivable cells for all biofilms, surpassing the effect promoted by free CPC. For total biomass, metabolic activity, and cytotoxic effects, the nanocarrier and free CPC produced statistically similar outcomes. In conclusion, the IONPs-CS-CPC nanocarrier was more effective than CPC in reducing the cultivable cells of Candida biofilms without increasing the cytotoxic effects of CPC, and may be a useful tool for the treatment of oral fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Ceolin Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
| | - Lanay Caroline de Freitas Assumpção
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Marcela Grigoletto Morceli
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | | | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil;
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba SP 16015-050, Brazil; (H.C.A.); (L.S.A.); (F.N.d.S.N.); (J.P.P.)
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD—Master’s Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil;
- School of Dentistry, Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente SP 19050-920, Brazil; (L.C.d.F.A.); (M.G.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-18-3229-1000
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Arias LS, Butcher MC, Short B, McKloud E, Delaney C, Kean R, Monteiro DR, Williams C, Ramage G, Brown JL. Chitosan Ameliorates Candida auris Virulence in a Galleria mellonella Infection Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00476-20. [PMID: 32482674 PMCID: PMC7526850 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00476-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris has emerged as a multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen over the last decade. Outbreaks of the organism in health care facilities have resulted in life-threatening invasive candidiasis in over 40 countries worldwide. Resistance by C. auris to conventional antifungal drugs such as fluconazole and amphotericin B means that alternative therapeutics must be explored. As such, this study served to investigate the efficacy of a naturally derived polysaccharide called chitosan against aggregative (Agg) and nonaggregative (non-Agg) isolates of C. aurisin vitro and in vivo. In vitro results indicated that chitosan was effective against planktonic and sessile forms of Agg and non-Agg C. auris In a Galleria mellonella model to assess C. auris virulence, chitosan treatment was shown to ameliorate killing effects of both C. auris phenotypes (NCPF 8973 and NCPF 8978, respectively) in vivo Specifically, chitosan reduced the fungal load and increased survival rates of infected Galleria, while treatment alone was nontoxic to the larvae. Finally, chitosan treatment appeared to induce a stress-like gene expression response in NCPF 8973 in the larvae likely arising from a protective response by the organism to resist antifungal activity of the compound. Taken together, results from this study demonstrate that naturally derived compounds such as chitosan may be useful alternatives to conventional antifungals against C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Salomão Arias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark C Butcher
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bryn Short
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily McKloud
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Delaney
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Kean
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Craig Williams
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L Brown
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Arias LS, Brown JL, Butcher MC, Delaney C, Monteiro DR, Ramage G. A nanocarrier system that potentiates the effect of miconazole within different interkingdom biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1771071. [PMID: 32922677 PMCID: PMC7448886 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1771071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel and new therapeutic strategies capable of enhancing the efficacy of existing antimicrobials is an attractive proposition to meet the needs of society. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the potentiating effect of a miconazole (MCZ) nanocarrier system, incorporated with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and chitosan (CS) (IONPs-CS-MCZ). This was tested on three representative complex interkingdom oral biofilm models (caries, denture and gingivitis). Materials and methods The planktonic and sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of IONPs-CS-MCZ against different Candida albicans strains were determined, as well as against all represented bacterial species that formed within the three biofilm models. Biofilms were treated for 24 hours with the IONPs-CS nanocarrier system containing MCZ at 64 mg/L, and characterized using a range of bioassays for quantitative and qualitative assessment. Results MIC results generally showed that IONPs-CS-MCZ was more effective than MCZ alone. IONPs-CS-MCZ also promoted reductions in the number of CFUs, biomass and metabolic activity of the representative biofilms, as well as altering biofilm ultrastructure when compared to untreated biofilms. IONPs-CS-MCZ affected the composition and reduced the CFEs for most of the microorganisms present in the three evaluated biofilms. In particular, the proportion of streptococci in the biofilm composition were reduced in all three models, whilst Fusobacterium spp. percentage reduced in the gingivitis and caries models, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, the IONPs-CS-MCZ nanocarrier was efficient against three in vitro models of pathogenic oral biofilms, showing potential to possibly interfere in the synergistic interactions among fungal and bacterial cells within polymicrobial consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jason L Brown
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark C Butcher
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Arias LS, Pessan JP, de Souza Neto FN, Lima BHR, de Camargo ER, Ramage G, Delbem ACB, Monteiro DR. Novel nanocarrier of miconazole based on chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a nanotherapy to fight Candida biofilms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111080. [PMID: 32361504 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure of microorganisms to conventional drugs has led to resistant species that require new treatment strategies. This study prepared and characterized a nanocarrier of miconazole (MCZ) based on iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) functionalized with chitosan (CS), and tested its antifungal activity against biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. IONPs-CS-MCZ nanocarrier was prepared by loading MCZ on CS-covered IONPs and characterized by physicochemical methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanocarrier was determined by the microdilution method. Biofilms were developed (48 h) in microtiter plates and treated with MCZ-carrying nanocarrier at 31.2 and 78 μg/mL, in both the presence and absence of an external magnetic field (EMF). Biofilms were evaluated by total biomass, metabolic activity, cultivable cells (CFU), extracellular matrix components, scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test (p < 0.05). A nanocarrier with diameter lower than 50 nm was obtained, presenting MIC values lower than those found for MCZ, and showing synergism for C. albicans and indifference for C. glabrata (fractional inhibitory concentration indexes of <0.12 and <0.53, respectively). IONPs-CS-MCZ did not affect total biomass and extracellular matrix. IONPs-CS-MCZ containing 78 μg/mL MCZ showed a superior antibiofilm effect to MCZ in reducing CFU and metabolism for single biofilms of C. albicans and dual-species biofilms. The EMF did not improve the nanocarrier effects. Microscopy confirmed the antibiofilm effect of the nanocarrier. In conclusion, IONPs-CS-MCZ was more effective than MCZ mainly against C. albicans planktonic cells and number of CFU and metabolism of the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Salomão Arias
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Vieira APM, Arias LS, de Souza Neto FN, Kubo AM, Lima BHR, de Camargo ER, Pessan JP, Delbem ACB, Monteiro DR. Antibiofilm effect of chlorhexidine-carrier nanosystem based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and chitosan. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:224-231. [PMID: 30465997 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study synthesized and characterized a chlorhexidine (CHX)-carrier nanosystem based on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) and chitosan (CS), and evaluated its antimicrobial effect on mono- and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. CHX was directly solubilized in CS-coated IONPs and maintained under magnetic stirring for obtaining the IONPs-CS-CHX nanosystem. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for planktonic cells was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanosystem and controls. The effects of the IONPs-CS-CHX nanosystem on the formation of mono- and dual-species biofilms, as well as on pre-formed biofilms were assessed by quantification of total biomass, metabolic activity and colony-forming units. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis' test or one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls' or Holm-Sidak's tests (α = 0.05), respectively. Physico-chemical results confirmed the formation of a nanosystem with a size smaller than 40 nm. The IONPs-CS-CHX nanosystem and free CHX showed similar MIC values for both species analyzed. In general, biofilm quantification assays revealed that the CHX nanosystem at 78 μg/mL promoted similar or superior antibiofilm effects compared to its counterpart at 39 μg/mL and free CHX at 78 μg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of CS-coated IONPs as preventive or therapeutic agents carrying CHX to fight biofilm-associated oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Miranda Vieira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Mayumi Kubo
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Arias LS, Pessan JP, Vieira APM, Lima TMTD, Delbem ACB, Monteiro DR. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: A Perspective on Synthesis, Drugs, Antimicrobial Activity, and Toxicity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7020046. [PMID: 29890753 PMCID: PMC6023022 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical applications and biotechnological advances, including magnetic resonance imaging, cell separation and detection, tissue repair, magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery, have strongly benefited from employing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) due to their remarkable properties, such as superparamagnetism, size and possibility of receiving a biocompatible coating. Ongoing research efforts focus on reducing drug concentration, toxicity, and other side effects, while increasing efficacy of IONPs-based treatments. This review highlights the methods of synthesis and presents the most recent reports in the literature regarding advances in drug delivery using IONPs-based systems, as well as their antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Furthermore, the toxicity of IONPs alone and constituting nanosystems is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Miranda Vieira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Taynara Maria Toito de Lima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16015-050 Araçatuba/São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD-Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), 19050-920 Presidente Prudente/São Paulo, Brazil.
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do Vale LR, Delbem A, Arias LS, Fernandes RA, Vieira A, Barbosa DB, Monteiro DR. Differential effects of the combination of tyrosol with chlorhexidine gluconate on oral biofilms. Oral Dis 2017; 23:537-541. [PMID: 28142218 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effect of tyrosol and chlorhexidine gluconate in combination against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans in the planktonic state or forming biofilms in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Checkerboard assays were performed for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration. Biofilms were cultivated during 24 h on specimens of acrylic resin and hydroxyapatite and treated with the drugs alone or in combination twice a day for 1 min, during 3 days. The antibiofilm effect was determined by quantification of the metabolic activity and cultivable cells. The drug combination was also applied on C. albicans to investigate its action on the number of hyphae. Data were statistically examined by two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test (P < 0.05). RESULTS The effect of drug combination on planktonic cells was classified as antagonistic for C. albicans and indifferent for the other strains. Also, the drugs were ineffective against the tested biofilms. However, the drug combination showed a synergistic effect in reducing the number of hyphae by C. albicans. CONCLUSION The combination of tyrosol with chlorhexidine gluconate was only effective in reducing the number of hyphae by C. albicans, a relevant virulence factor of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R do Vale
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acb Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L S Arias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A Fernandes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Apm Vieira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D B Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D R Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry (GPD - Master's Degree), University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Monteiro DR, Arias LS, Fernandes RA, Straioto FG, Barros Barbosa D, Pessan JP, Delbem ACB. Role of tyrosol on Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Streptococcus mutans biofilms developed on different surfaces. Am J Dent 2017; 30:35-39. [PMID: 29178712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of tyrosol on the production of hydrolytic enzymes (by Candida biofilm cells) and acid (by Streptococcus mutans biofilms), as well as to quantify single and mixed biofilms of these species formed on acrylic resin (AR) and hydroxyapatite (HA). METHODS Candida and S. mutans biofilms were formed on AR and HA in the presence of tyrosol during 48 hours. Next, acid proteinase, phospholipase and hemolytic activities of Candida biofilm cells were determined, while acid production by S. mutans biofilms was assessed by pH determination. The effect of tyrosol on mature biofilms (96 hours) was evaluated through quantification of total biomass, metabolic activity, number of colony-forming units and composition of biofilms' extracellular matrix. Data were analyzed by one- and two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's and Holm-Sidak's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Treatments with tyrosol were not able to significantly reduce hydrolytic enzymes and acid production by Candida and S. mutans. Tyrosol only significantly reduced the metabolic activity of single biofilms of Candida species. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tyrosol on its own had a limited efficacy against single and mixed-species oral biofilms. Its use as an alternative antimicrobial for topical therapies still demands more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Aparecido Fernandes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Gouveia Straioto
- Department of Prosthodontics, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Barros Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Arias LS, Delbem ACB, Fernandes RA, Barbosa DB, Monteiro DR. Activity of tyrosol against single and mixed-species oral biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1240-9. [PMID: 26801208 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tyrosol on the formation of single and mixed biofilms of Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 formed on acrylic resin (AR) and hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. METHODS AND RESULTS Single and mixed biofilms were formed on AR and HA in the presence of tyrosol at 50, 100 and 200 mmol l(-1), during 48 h. Next, antimicrobial activity was assessed through metabolic activity (XTT reduction assay) and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs). Scanning electron microscopy observations were performed in order to analyse biofilm structure. Tyrosol, mainly at 200 mmol l(-1), significantly decreased the metabolic activity and number of CFUs for all single and mixed-species biofilms formed on both surfaces. SEM images suggested cell damage caused by tyrosol. CONCLUSION Tyrosol showed inhibitory effects against biofilms formed by important oral pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study showing the antibiofilm effect of tyrosol on Candida species and Strep. mutans in single and mixed cultures. These results may be useful in the development of topical therapies focused on preventing biofilm-associated oral diseases, such as denture stomatitis and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Arias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - A C B Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Fernandes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - D B Barbosa
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - D R Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes RA, Monteiro DR, Arias LS, Fernandes GL, Delbem ACB, Barbosa DB. Biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in the presence of farnesol: a quantitative evaluation. Biofouling 2016; 32:329-338. [PMID: 26905659 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1144053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the QS molecule farnesol on single and mixed species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The anti-biofilm effect of farnesol was assessed through total biomass quantification, counting of colony forming units (CFUs) and evaluation of metabolic activity. Biofilms were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that farnesol reduced the formation of single and mixed biofilms, with significant reductions of 37% to 90% and 64% to 96%, respectively, for total biomass and metabolic activity. Regarding cell viability, farnesol treatment promoted significant log reductions in the number of CFUs, ie 1.3-4.2 log10 and 0.67-5.32 log10, respectively, for single and mixed species biofilms. SEM images confirmed these results, showing decreases in the number of cells in all biofilms. In conclusion, these findings highlight the role of farnesol as an alternative agent with the potential to reduce the formation of pathogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Aparecido Fernandes
- a Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
- b Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Douglas Roberto Monteiro
- a Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Laís Salomão Arias
- a Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lopes Fernandes
- a Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
- b Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- a Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Debora Barros Barbosa
- b Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Aracatuba Dental School , UNESP , Araçatuba/São Paulo , Brazil
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Monteiro DR, Feresin LP, Arias LS, Barão VAR, Barbosa DB, Delbem ACB. Effect of tyrosol on adhesion ofCandida albicansandCandida glabratato acrylic surfaces. Med Mycol 2015; 53:656-65. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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