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Zenoaga-Barbăroșie C, Berca L, Vassu-Dimov T, Toma M, Nica MI, Alexiu-Toma OA, Ciornei C, Albu A, Nica S, Nistor C, Nica R. The Predisposition for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 26:21-26. [PMID: 37576792 PMCID: PMC10413885 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2023-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are diseases caused by the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between six common genetic polymorphisms and T2DM and MetS in males. A total of 120 T2DM, 75 MetS, and 120 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. ACE ID, eNOS 4a/b, ATR1 A1166C, OXTR (A>G), SOD1 +35A/C, CAT-21A/T gene polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR or PCR-RFLP techniques. T2DM was diagnosed at an earlier age compared to MetS (54 vs 55 years old, p=0.0003) and the difference was greater in carriers of the OXTR G allele (54 vs 56 years old, p=0.0002) or both OXTR G and eNOS b alleles (54 vs 56, p=0.00016). The SOD1 AA genotype (O.R.=0.11, p=0.0006) and the presence of both ACE I and OXTR1 A (O.R.=0.39, p=0.0005) alleles revealed to be protective for T2DM. SOD1 AA and AC genotypes were protective factors for triglyceride (p=0.0002 and p=0.0005, respectively) and HDL cholesterol (p=0.0002 and p=0.0004, respectively) levels in T2DM patients. ACE DD was identified more frequently in hypertensive T2DM patients (O.R.=3.77, p=0.0005) and in those who reported drinking alcohol (p=0.0001) comparing to HC and T2DM patients who did not drink alcohol, respectively. We observed that T2DM patients who reported drinking alcohol had an increased frequency of ACE DD and eNOS bb (p<0.0001), or ACE DD and OXTR G (p<0.0001) compared to non-drinkers. No gene polymorphisms were associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Berca
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Food Bioresources – IBA Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - T Vassu-Dimov
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Toma
- Emergency Department, Central Military Emergency Hospital Dr. Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - MI Nica
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - OA Alexiu-Toma
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Ciornei
- Preclinical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency Department, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Albu
- Emergency Department, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Nica
- Emergency Department, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic Department 4, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Nistor
- Preclinical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
- Thoracic Surgery, Central Military Emergency Hospital Dr. Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Nica
- Surgery 2, Central Military Emergency Hospital Dr. Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
- Special Disciplines, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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Angiotensin II Type I Receptor (AT1R): The Gate towards COVID-19-Associated Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072048. [PMID: 35408447 PMCID: PMC9000463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein to its cellular receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), causes its downregulation, which subsequently leads to the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in favor of the ACE-angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis. AT1R has a major role in RAS by being involved in several physiological events including blood pressure control and electrolyte balance. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, pathogenic episodes generated by the vasoconstriction, proinflammatory, profibrotic, and prooxidative consequences of the Ang II-AT1R axis activation are accompanied by a hyperinflammatory state (cytokine storm) and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). AT1R, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, modulates Ang II deleterious effects through the activation of multiple downstream signaling pathways, among which are MAP kinases (ERK 1/2, JNK, p38MAPK), receptor tyrosine kinases (PDGF, EGFR, insulin receptor), and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (Src, JAK/STAT, focal adhesion kinase (FAK)), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. COVID-19 is well known for generating respiratory symptoms, but because ACE2 is expressed in various body tissues, several extrapulmonary pathologies are also manifested, including neurologic disorders, vasculature and myocardial complications, kidney injury, gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatic injury, hyperglycemia, and dermatologic complications. Therefore, the development of drugs based on RAS blockers, such as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), that inhibit the damaging axis of the RAS cascade may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 in the near future. We herein review the general features of AT1R, with a special focus on the receptor-mediated activation of the different downstream signaling pathways leading to specific cellular responses. In addition, we provide the latest insights into the roles of AT1R in COVID-19 outcomes in different systems of the human body, as well as the role of ARBs as tentative pharmacological agents to treat COVID-19.
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El-Arif G, Farhat A, Khazaal S, Annweiler C, Kovacic H, Wu Y, Cao Z, Fajloun Z, Khattar ZA, Sabatier JM. The Renin-Angiotensin System: A Key Role in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Molecules 2021; 26:6945. [PMID: 34834033 PMCID: PMC8622307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Eastern Asia (Wuhan, China) in December 2019. The virus then spread to Europe and across all continents where it has led to higher mortality and morbidity, and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Recently, different vaccines have been produced and seem to be more or less effective in protecting from COVID-19. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), an essential enzymatic cascade involved in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance, is involved in the pathogenicity of COVID-19, since the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) acts as the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in many human tissues and organs. In fact, the viral entrance promotes a downregulation of ACE2 followed by RAS balance dysregulation and an overactivation of the angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis, which is characterized by a strong vasoconstriction and the induction of the profibrotic, proapoptotic and proinflammatory signalizations in the lungs and other organs. This mechanism features a massive cytokine storm, hypercoagulation, an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent multiple organ damage. While all individuals are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, the disease outcome and severity differ among people and countries and depend on a dual interaction between the virus and the affected host. Many studies have already pointed out the importance of host genetic polymorphisms (especially in the RAS) as well as other related factors such age, gender, lifestyle and habits and underlying pathologies or comorbidities (diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) that could render individuals at higher risk of infection and pathogenicity. In this review, we explore the correlation between all these risk factors as well as how and why they could account for severe post-COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George El-Arif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon; (G.E.-A.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonella Farhat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon; (G.E.-A.); (A.F.)
| | - Shaymaa Khazaal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon;
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, University Hospital, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, University of Angers, 44312 Angers, France;
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Modern Virology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhijian Cao
- Modern Virology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.W.); (Z.C.)
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon;
- Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Abi Khattar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon; (G.E.-A.); (A.F.)
- Laboratory of Georesources, Geosciences and Environment (L2GE), Microbiology/Tox-Ecotoxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon
| | - Jean Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, 13385 Marseille, France;
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Chromosomal regions strongly associated with waist circumference and body mass index in metabolic syndrome in a family-based study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6082. [PMID: 33727680 PMCID: PMC7966400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most crucial phenotype in metabolic syndrome (MetS), and waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) are two common indexes to define obesity. It is an accepted fact that genetic and environmental interaction influence obesity and MetS. Microsatellites are a subcategory of tandem repeats with a length of 1 to 10 nucleotides. Tandem repeats make up repetitive genomic regions. Differences in the number of tandem repeats or their variation (alleles) result in microsatellite polymorphisms. Thus, we attempted to find microsatellite variation associated with WC and BMI in a family-based study. Twelve microsatellite markers were selected to investigate possible genes or chromosomal regions in 91 families with at least one affected MetS. The cut-off values for BMI and WC were considered 25 kg/m2 and 90 cm, respectively. In all members of the families, the strongest association was observed between the marker D11S1304 (allele 1) with both WC and BMI, independently, by the biallelic model in the family-based association test analysis (P < 0.05). Besides, when we compared high- and low-level groups in members with MetS, the markers D8S1743 and D11S1304 (allele 1) showed a strong association with WC (P = 0.0080) and BMI (P = 0.0074), respectively. When the simultaneous detection of the high WC and MetS status was used as a trait, the strongest association was observed with the marker D8S1743 (P = 0.0034). Moreover, when BMI with the high MetS status was used as a trait, the strongest association was observed with the marker D8S1743 (allele 4) (P = 0.0034). The obtained results showed a relationship between obesity and MetS with markers on the selected regions on chromosomes 8 and 11, and to a lesser degree, on chromosome 12.
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Christodoulou A, Bagli E, Gazouli M, Moschos MM, Kitsos G. Genetic polymorphisms associated with the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion in a Greek population. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2637-2648. [PMID: 31065901 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate possible associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five genes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS A total of 69 patients with retinal vein occlusion-RVO (24 with BRVO and 45 with CRVO), and 82 controls, were enrolled in this study. All subjects were screened for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, anticoagulant medication, smoking status and history of stroke. The genotyping of AGTR1-A1166C, adiponectin + 276 G/T, MMP2-1306C/T, Gpla/lla-C807T/G873A and VKORC1-G1639A polymorphisms was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The percentage of the AGTR1-A1166C C allele carriers and Gpla/lla-C807T/G873A T/A carriers was significantly higher in the CRVO patients than in the controls (P = 0.00001 and P = 0.0004, respectively). At the multiple logistic regression analysis, the AGTR1-A1166C C allele carrier status and the Gpla/lla-C807T/G873A T/A allele carrier status were found to be associated with an increased risk of CRVO. Moreover, adiponectin + 276 G/T T allele carriers had a significantly increased risk of RVO in subjects ≥ 75 years old. There was no significant difference between the BRVO patients and controls concerning the genotype or the allele frequency distributions of these SNPs. The genotype distributions or allelic frequencies of the other evaluated polymorphisms did not significantly differ between the patients with RVO and the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS AGTR1 A1166C and Gpla/lla C807T/G873A polymorphisms are likely to be risk factors for CRVO. Adiponectin + 276 G/T SNP is likely to predispose to RVO in older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Bagli
- University Eye Clinic of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue, 455 00, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- A University Eye Clinic of Athens G. Gennimatas, 154 Mesogeion Avenue, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kitsos
- University Eye Clinic of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue, 455 00, Ioannina, Greece.
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A Systematic Review of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jpr.10536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Crkvenac Gregorek A, Gornik KC, Polancec DS, Dabelic S. Association of 1166A>C AT1R, -1562C>T MMP-9, ACE I/D, and CCR5Δ32 Polymorphisms with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Croatian Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:616-623. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Crkvenac Gregorek
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Crkvenac Gornik
- Division of Cytogenetics, Clinical Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Dabelic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Delshad N, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Mirzaei H, Razavi-Azarkhiavi K, Moohebati M, Hassany M, Kasaian J, Etemadzadeh MR, Alavi MS, Behravan J. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene A1166C Polymorphism Was Not Associated With Acute Coronary Syndrome in an Iranian Population. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e23942. [PMID: 28191332 PMCID: PMC5292135 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background There are very limited data for Iranian populations on the predisposing genetic factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene polymorphism and ACS in an Iranian population. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 subjects (97 men and 166 women). Patients (n = 128) aged 30 - 80 years with chest pain were recruited from the emergency department of Ghaem Hospital (Mashhad, Iran). A 12-lead electrocardiograph plus creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels were used as the basis for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. The control group was selected from age-matched healthy subjects (n = 135). Non-enzymatic kits were used for extraction of DNA from blood samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the DNA fragments. For restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) determination, the DdeI enzyme was used to digest the amplified DNA fragments. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 13.0. Results There was no statistical difference in the genotype frequency of patients and healthy subjects with regard to age and gender (P > 0.05). Conclusions The AT1R A1166C polymorphism appeared not to be associated with the presence of ACS in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Delshad
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Avicenna Research institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mitra Hassany
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Jamal Kasaian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Etemadzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Avicenna Research institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Alavi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Avicenna Research institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Javad Behravan, Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5138823255, Fax: +98-5138823251, E-mail:
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PATNAIK MANISHA, PATI PALLABI, SWAIN SURENDRAN, MOHAPATRA MANOJK, DWIBEDI BHAGIRATHI, KAR SHANTANUK, RANJIT MANORANJAN. Aldosterone synthase C-344T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C and 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase G534A gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension in the population of Odisha, India. J Genet 2015; 93:799-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Association of angiotensin II type I and type II receptor genes polymorphisms with the presence of premature coronary disease and metabolic syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1027-33. [PMID: 24385301 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is known to have a particularly strong genetic component. We aimed to investigate the association between angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) or type II (ATR2) genes polymorphisms and PCAD with or without metabolic syndrome in males. 132 male patients with PCAD and 132 controls were included in the study. ATR1 and ATR2 genes polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The present study revealed that ATR1 CC genotype and ATR2 G allele increased the risk of PCAD by 2.9 and 1.3 respectively as well as they increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome by 4.5 and 2.3 respectively. The present study proved that diabetes, smoking, obesity, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc and HDLc were independent risk factors for the development of PCAD. We concluded that ATR1 CC genotype and ATR2 G allele increased the susceptibility of Egyptian males to have PCAD. The increased susceptibility to have metabolic syndrome could be one of the mechanisms leading to the development of PCAD in subjects carrying one or both of these polymorphisms.
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Chaudhary N, Nakka KK, Maulik N, Chattopadhyay S. Epigenetic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and dietary management. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:254-81. [PMID: 22229755 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic syndrome constitutes a group of disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, predisposing an individual to risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. A majority of these diseases are influenced by the environmental factors, nutrient uptake, and genetic profile of an individual that together dysregulate gene function. These genetic and nongenetic factors are reported to introduce epigenetic cues that modulate the gene function which is inherited by the offspring. RECENT ADVANCES Considering the epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, nutrigenomics has been distinctly categorized as a branch that deals with modulatory effect of nutrients on metabolic disorders and disease progression by supplementing the individuals with key nutrient-enriched diets which are derived from plant and animal sources. CRITICAL ISSUES Nutritional components of the diet regulate the metabolic health of an individual either by controlling the expression of some key genes related to metabolic pathways or by modulating the epigenetic events on such genes. The present article discusses various metabolic disorders in detail and the effect of nutrients on the specific genes causing those disorders. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms of some metabolic disorders through epigenetic modifications and possible therapeutic interventions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS With the advent of high-throughput technologies and epigenetic modulation of the metabolic disorders, an altered epigenetic code that is programmed due to improper nutrients can be reverted back by supplementing the diet with various plant-derived compounds. The implication of small molecular drugs is also of utmost significance for challenging the metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chaudhary
- Department of Chromatin and Disease, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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Zhang H, Sun M, Sun T, Zhang C, Meng X, Zhang Y, Yang J. Association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011; 32:431-8. [PMID: 21986569 DOI: 10.1159/000330655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene A1166C polymorphisms have been inconsistently associated with ischemic stroke risk. We examined these associations by performing a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a search of articles published from January 2000 to October 2010 using the following keywords: {(angiotensin II type 1 receptor) or (AT1R) or (AGT1R)} and {(stroke) or (cerebral infarction) or (cerebral embolism)}. Eleven studies testing the association between AT1R gene A1166C polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk were included. The analyses were performed using the Review Manger 5.0.25 software package. RESULTS The combined data showed no association between the AT1R 1166 AC/CC and ischemic stroke risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-1.34, p = 0.49). In the subgroup analyses, the association was also not significant among the White populations (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.88-1.38, p = 0.39) or the Asian populations (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.56-1.77, p = 0.98). LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity and publication bias existed in this meta-analysis, which might have affected the analysis result. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that the AT1R gene A1166C polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, PR China
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Assali A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Sahebkar A, Hassani M, Kasaian J, Tatari F, Moohebati M, Paydar R, Oladi M, Esmaeili HA, Tavallaie S, Tehrani SO, Ferns GAA, Behravan J. Association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism with the presence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in patients with documented coronary artery disease. Eur J Intern Med 2011; 22:254-61. [PMID: 21570644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are relatively limited data available on the genetic susceptibility to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in the Iranian population. We have therefore investigated the association between the angiotensin II type I receptor gene polymorphism (AT(1)R/A1166C) and the presence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in a well defined group of patients. METHODS Patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=309) were evaluated for the presence of AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism. These patients were classified into subgroups with (n=164, M/F: 109/55) and without (n=145, M/F: 84/61) diabetes mellitus. The AT(1)R polymorphism was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based method. RESULTS There was a higher frequency of polymorphic genotypes (AC+CC) in the diabetic compared with the non-diabetic group (p=0.01). When determined for each gender separately, this difference remained significant in the males (p=0.04) but not in females (p=0.09). With regard to the allele frequencies, the C allele was significantly higher and the A allele frequency was lower in the diabetic group (p=0.01). This remained significant after gender segregation for males (p=0.01) but not females. In the binary logistic regression analysis, only serum fasting glucose was found as the independent predictor for the presence of diabetes in the CAD patients (β=1.16, p<0.001 for total population and β=1.29, p<0.001 for male subjects). There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between subgroups with and without metabolic syndrome, this being unaffected by gender or the definition of metabolic syndrome used apart from a significantly lower frequency of C allele in male subjects with metabolic syndrome defined by the NCEP ATP III criteria (p=0.04). CONCLUSION The AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism may be associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in male subjects with documented CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Assali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
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