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Khurana S, Khalifa AR, Rezallah NN, Lozanoff S, Abdelkarim AZ. Craniofacial and Airway Morphology in Down Syndrome: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Case Series Evaluation. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3908. [PMID: 38999474 PMCID: PMC11242842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in various physical and cognitive features. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the dental and craniofacial morphology of individuals with DS using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods: Six individuals with DS, comprising five males and one female aged 17 to 35 years, underwent CBCT scanning. Radiographic assessments included dentition, occlusion, paranasal sinuses, airway, skull bones, and suture calcification. Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were performed, and airway analysis was conducted using Dolphin 3D imaging software v.11. Results: The study revealed prognathic maxilla in five patients, prognathic mandible in four, and bimaxillary protrusion in two. Dental findings included microdontia, enamel hypoplasia, and congenitally missing teeth, with maxillary and mandibular third molars most commonly absent. Sinus abnormalities, delayed suture closure, and cervical spine anomalies were also observed. Conclusion: These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of DS-related craniofacial characteristics and emphasize the importance of considering these morphometric features in clinical management strategies for individuals with DS. This study's limited sample size underscores the significance of radiographic assessment in planning interventions such as cosmetic reconstructions, prosthetic rehabilitation, or orthodontic treatment for individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Khurana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Ayman R. Khalifa
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4181, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nader N. Rezallah
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, City University Ajman, Ajman P.O. Box 18484, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Scott Lozanoff
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Ahmed Z. Abdelkarim
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Laignier MR, Lopes-Júnior LC, Santana RE, Leite FMC, Brancato CL. Down Syndrome in Brazil: Occurrence and Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211954. [PMID: 34831710 PMCID: PMC8620277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability, with an estimated birth prevalence of 14 per 10,000 live births. In Brazil, statistical data on the occurrence of babies born with Down syndrome remain unclear. We aimed to estimate the occurrence of Down syndrome between 2012 and 2018, and to observe its association with maternal, gestational, paternal characteristics, and newborn vitality. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using secondary data included in the Certificate of Live Birth in a state located in the southeastern region of Brazil. Data analysis was performed in the software Stata 14.1. Pearson’s chi-square test for bivariate analysis, and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were performed, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a significance of 5%. Results: We observed that 157 cases of Down syndrome were reported among 386,571 live births, representing an incidence of 4 in 10,000 live births. Down syndrome was associated with maternal age ≥ 35 years, paternal age ≥ 30 years, the performance of six or more prenatal consultations, prematurity, and low birth weight (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Women aged 35 and over were more likely to have children born with Down syndrome. In addition, there is an association of Down syndrome with premature birth, low birth weight, and the number of prenatal consultations (≥6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rabello Laignier
- Nursing Department at the Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (L.C.L.-J.); (F.M.C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
- Nursing Department at the Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (L.C.L.-J.); (F.M.C.L.)
| | - Raquel Esperidon Santana
- Associação de Pais, Amigos e Pessoas com Síndrome de Down do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (R.E.S.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite
- Nursing Department at the Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (L.C.L.-J.); (F.M.C.L.)
| | - Carolina Laura Brancato
- Associação de Pais, Amigos e Pessoas com Síndrome de Down do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; (R.E.S.); (C.L.B.)
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3
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Pattern of cytogenetic abnormalities in syndromic mental retardation/intellectual disability in Kashmir region of Jammu and Kashmir. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Obara K, Imota T, Mamiya S, Toyoshima I. The Effectiveness of Perampanel for Myoclonic Seizures in Down Syndrome with Isodicentric Chromosome 21. Case Rep Neurol 2020; 12:270-275. [PMID: 33082764 PMCID: PMC7548920 DOI: 10.1159/000508357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are common in the elderly Down syndrome population. We encountered a patient with Down syndrome in whom karyotyping showed the rare isodicentric chromosome 21 and who suffered from myoclonic seizures. A 52-year-old woman with Down syndrome experienced sudden onset of drowsiness and frequent myoclonic jerks in the upper body. Video-EEG recordings demonstrated generalized polyspike-wave discharges consistent with myoclonic jerks, which were exacerbated by photo-stimulation. Her myoclonus completely resolved with perampanel administration. Perampanel was effective for myoclonic seizures in our patient. We suggest that perampanel is an option as first-line therapy for epilepsy and myoclonus in elderly Down syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Obara
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
- *Koji Obara, Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Akita National Hospital, 84-40 Iwaki, Uchimitchikawa-aza, Idonosawa, Yurihonjo, Akita 018-1393 (Japan),
| | - Tsuyoshi Imota
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Mamiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Itaru Toyoshima
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Akita National Hospital, Yurihonjo, Japan
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Bijanzadeh M, Rajaei Behbahani S. Double Trisomy 48,XXY,+21 in a Neonate with Congenital Heart Disease. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2020; 23:356-358. [PMID: 32383621 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2020.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Double trisomy 48, XXY, +21 or Down-Klinefelter syndrome is a rare occurrence and presents clinical manifestation of trisomy 21 in early life and of Klinefelter syndrome after 10 months of age. The phenotypic and karyotyping characteristics of a 2-month-old boy were reported. He had mild clinical feature of Down syndrome and echocardiographic features of atrioventricular (AV) septal defects with severe pulmonary valve stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Bijanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz JundiShapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahram Rajaei Behbahani
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz JundiShapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Jazayeri O, Gorjizadeh N. A male Down syndrome with two normal boys: Cytogenetic, paternity and andrological investigations. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13521. [PMID: 32003054 DOI: 10.1111/and.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common autosomal chromosome anomaly with several medical abnormalities and intellectual disability, occurring in about of 1:1,000 to 1:1,100 infants. Many pregnancies in women with Down syndrome produce children both with normal and with trisomy 21, whereas males are infertile. However, Down syndrome males are not always infertile and this is not global. Here we reported a 36-year-old man with proved nonmosaic trisomy 21 fathered two normal boys. Paternity analysis using 26 microsatellite loci confirmed that Down syndrome male is the biological father of his two normal boys. Serum LH, FSH, testosterone and 17-OH progesterone were all in the normal range in this father with Down syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of one man with Down syndrome who has two normal children in the world. The current study not only supports the rare evidence of the fertility of males with Down syndrome but also highlights the caution in advising people responsible for the care of adults with this condition about possible fertility and transmission of sexual diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jazayeri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Nassim Gorjizadeh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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El-Attar LM, Issa NM, Mahrous HSE. The demographic data and the high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity have a role in predicting the susceptibility to have Down syndrome in a cohort of Egyptian young-aged mothers. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Down syndrome (DS) is a common numerical chromosome disorder that has its burden on both family and community. The well-known risk factor for chromosome 21 nondisjunction is advanced maternal age which failed to explain the occurrence of Down syndrome born to mothers less than 35 years. This study aimed to assess the effect of demographic data (consanguinity, residency area, and socioeconomic state) and chromosome/chromatid breaks as biomarkers for genome integrity on the susceptibility of young mothers to have a child with Down syndrome.
Results
Fifty mothers with a history of at least one DS pregnancy before the age of 35 were compared to 50 control mothers. There was a significant increase in DS births in consanguineous parents (46%) compared to 20% in non-consanguineous ones (OR = 3.40; 95% CI = 1.4–8.20, P = 0.006). Young mothers with DS children were more likely to be from rural areas (60%) than urban areas (40%) (OR = 2.66; 95%, CI = 1.18–5.98, P = 0.017) and of a low socioeconomic status (62%) rather than a high socioeconomic status (38%) (OR = 3.80; 95%, CI = 1.65–8.74, P = 0.001).
Chromosome/chromatid breaks were detected in 76% of DS young mothers and 32% of control mothers (P < 0.001). There was an odds ratio of chromatid breaks of 8.50 (3.411–21.17) and chromosome breaks of 3.93 (1.40–11.05) with significant difference between the studied groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009 respectively).
Conclusion
In addition to advanced maternal age, consanguinity, residency in rural areas, and low socioeconomic status could be considered as possible risk factors for Down syndrome. The high frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks in young mothers with a previous history of DS children highlights the impact of genome integrity on the tendency to chromosome 21 nondisjunction. These findings are valuable in predicting having a Down syndrome baby and providing proper genetic counseling for high-risk families.
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Dobosz A, Bik-Multanowski M. Long-term trends in the prevalence of congenital heart defects in patients with Down syndrome in southern Poland. DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD MEDICINE 2019. [PMID: 31654997 PMCID: PMC8522406 DOI: 10.34763/devperiodmed.20192303.184189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Introduction: Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in humans. Patients have typical dysmorphic features and various congenital malformations. Congenital heart defects were reported as the most common of the latter, occurring in approximately 50% of the cases. The aim: We aimed to analyse the long-term trends in the prevalence of Down syndrome and related heart defects in the population of southern Poland (Krakow region). PATIENTS AND METHODS Material and methods: We analysed 500 consecutive patients with Down syndrome who were born from 2006 through 2017 and were diagnosed at the Department of Medical Genetics, Jagiellonian University. Next, we compared our results with the data obtained in previous regional studies. RESULTS Results: The prevalence of Down syndrome in the assessed period was 1.65 per 1,000 live births and was similar to the historical prevalence in our region. Cardiac malformations were detected in 57.6% of the patients and the common atrioventricular canal (CAVC) was the most frequent anomaly (35.1%). However, detailed analysis of the frequency of severe heart defects that usually require prompt surgical treatment in the course of infancy revealed that the percentage of CAVC has been significantly lower in recent years (p=0.033). CONCLUSION Conclusions: The prevalence of Down syndrome and the overall frequency of congenital heart defects have not significantly changed in recent years. However, the frequency of CAVC has decreased, which could be related to the technical progress in prenatal detection of this severe anomaly, and to the subsequent elective terminations of affected pregnancies. Further population studies are required to confirm the presence of this trend and elucidate its background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Dobosz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland,Artur DoboszJagiellonian University Medical College ul. Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland phone: 0048 12 658 20 11 ext. 1043
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Ramos S, Rodríguez R, Castro O, Grether P, Molina B, Frias S. Presence of 15p Marker D15Z1 on the Short Arm of Acrocentric Chromosomes is Associated with Aneuploid Offspring in Mexican Couples. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5251. [PMID: 31652755 PMCID: PMC6862356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the location of the 15p region D15Z1 is recognized as a polymorphism in several human populations. We used high-stringency Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to detect D15Z1 in a Mexican cohort. Here, we report the presence of extra D15Z1 sequences on the p-arm of acrocentric chromosomes other than 15 in two groups of Mexican couples, one with healthy offspring (n = 75) and the other with aneuploid offspring (n = 87), mainly trisomy 21. The additional D15Z1 polymorphism was significantly increased in individuals with aneuploid offspring (26.4%), in comparison to individuals with healthy offspring (14%). The most frequent acceptor chromosome of D15Z1 was chromosome 13p, followed by 14p, and finally, 21p. Our results show an overall frequency of 21.6% of this polymorphism in the Mexican population and suggest that its presence might be associated with the mis-segregation of other acrocentric chromosomes and aneuploid offspring. The high frequency of the polymorphism of the D15Z1 sequence on acrocentric chromosomes other than 15 suggests a sequence homogenization of the acrocentric p arms, related to the important function of the centromere and the nucleolar organization region, which flank satellite III DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ramos
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Castro
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Bertha Molina
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Belkady B, Elkhattabi L, Elkarhat Z, Zarouf L, Razoki L, Aboulfaraj J, Nassereddine S, Cadi R, Rouba H, Barakat A. Chromosomal Abnormalities in Patients with Intellectual Disability: A 21-Year Retrospective Study. Hum Hered 2019; 83:274-282. [PMID: 31064002 DOI: 10.1159/000499710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability (ID) has been defined as a considerably reduced ability to understand new or complex information and to learn new skills. It is associated with life-long intellectual and adaptive functioning impairments that have a profound impact on individuals, families, and society. It affects about 3% of the general population. ID often comes out with other mental conditions like attention deficit, hyperactivity, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and it can be part of a malformation syndrome that affects other organs. It may be syndromic (S-ID) or non-syndromic (NS-ID). OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to identify the profile of intellectually disable patients being referred for cytogenetic analysis in Morocco, to determine the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in a Moroccan group, and to compare the results with those of analogous studies from other countries. PARTICIPANTS We included data from Moroccan patients with NS-ID and others with S-ID (mostly Down syndrome cases) who have been referred between 1996 and 2016. 1,626 patients were involved in this study, 1,200 were referred with a clinical diagnosis of Down syndrome, 37 were clinically diagnosed for ASD with ID, and 389 were suspected of NS-ID. RESULTS We identified 1,200 cases of Down syndrome. In 1,096 analyses (91.3%), a cytogenetic variant of trisomy 21 was identified: standard trisomy 21 in 1,037 cases (94.6%), a translocation in 34 cases (3.10%), and mosaicism in 25 cases (2.3%). The cytogenetic analysis among ASD with ID cases did not reveal any specific chromosomal abnormalities. The present study also shows that chromosomal abnormalities were present in 6.43% of the patients with NS-ID (25 abnormal karyotypes out of 389 NS-ID cases). Autosomal structural abnormalities were the largest proportion of chromosomal aberrations. CONCLUSION The high rate of chromosomal abnormalities found in the Moroccan patients studied demonstrates the capital importance of cytogenetic evaluation in patients who show ID or any clinical development abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutaina Belkady
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Elkhattabi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Elkarhat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Latifa Zarouf
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lunda Razoki
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jamila Aboulfaraj
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sanaa Nassereddine
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rachida Cadi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Rouba
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco,
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Martínez-Valverde S, Salinas-Escudero G, García-Delgado C, Garduño-Espinosa J, Morán-Barroso VF, Granados-García V, Tiro-Sánchez MT, Toledano-Toledano F, Aldaz-Rodríguez MV. Out-of-pocket expenditures and care time for children with Down Syndrome: A single-hospital study in Mexico City. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208076. [PMID: 30629602 PMCID: PMC6328117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the burden of out-of-pocket household expenditures and time spent on care by families responsible for children with Down Syndrome (DS). Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed after surveying families of children with DS. The children all received medical care at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez (HIMFG), a National Institute of Health. Data were collected on out-of-pocket household expenditures for the medical care of these children. The percentage of such expenditure was calculated in relation to available household expenditure (after subtracting the cost of food/housing), and the percentage of households with catastrophic expenditure. Finally, the time spent on the care of the child was assessed. Results The socioeconomic analysis showed that 67% of the households with children with DS who received medical care in the HIMFG were within the lower four deciles (I-IV) of expenses, indicating a limited ability to pay for medical services. Yearly out-of-pocket expenditures for a child with DS represented 27% of the available household expenditure, which is equivalent to $464 for the United States dollars (USD). On average, 33% of families with DS children had catastrophic expenses, and 46% of the families had to borrow money to pay for medical expenses. The percentage of catastrophic expenditure was greater for a household with children aged five or older compared with households with younger children. The regression analysis revealed that the age of the child is the most significant factor determining the time spent on care. Conclusions Some Mexican families of children with DS incur substantial out-of-pocket expenditures, which constitute an economic burden for families of children who received medical care at the HIMFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martínez-Valverde
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Salinas-Escudero
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Constanza García-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Garduño-Espinosa
- Dirección de Investigación Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica F Morán-Barroso
- Departamento de Genética Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Granados-García
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud Área Envejecimiento Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Teresa Tiro-Sánchez
- Servicio de Urgencias Hospital General de Zona No. 24 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Filiberto Toledano-Toledano
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en Evidencias Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Vanessa Aldaz-Rodríguez
- Programa de doctorado en Administración y Sistemas de Salud de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
Down syndrome is a common disorder with many oral conditions and systemic manifestations. Dentists need to take a holistic approach including behavioral, oral, and systemic issues. This review of the literature focuses on oral anomalies, systemic interaction, management, and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Bin Mubayrik
- Department Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Vergara-Mendez LD, Talero-Gutiérrez C, Velez-Van-Meerbeke A. Double trisomy (XXX+21 karyotype) in a six-year-old girl with down phenotype. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Corrado B, Sommella N, Ciardi G, Raiano E, Scala I, Strisciuglio P, Servodio Iammarrone C. Can early physical therapy positively affect the onset of independent walking in infants with Down syndrome? A retrospective cohort study. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2018; 74:31-39. [PMID: 29460553 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.18.05041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of both gross and fine motor skills in a child with Down syndrome is generally delayed. The most seriously affected stage is the achievement of independent walking ability, which influences the onset of all following motor and cognitive skills. The study objectives were: 1) to assess the time taken to achieve independent walking ability in a cohort of children with Down syndrome; 2) to examine differences in walking onset by patient characteristics; and 3) to verify the effect of early physical therapy (neurodevelopmental treatment based on Bobath Concept practiced within the first months of life) in the achievement of that skill. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out on a cohort of 86 children with Down Syndrome. The knowledge of the exact age of walking onset and information about comorbidities and rehabilitation practiced since birth were the eligibility criteria. RESULTS The average age at which walking began in the sample was 26 months (standard deviation=9.66). Some patient characteristics proved to be related negatively to the walking onset: gender male, trisomy 21, improved joint ligamentous laxity. When practiced, early physical therapy was able to contrast the delay in walking. CONCLUSIONS NDT-Bobath is a well-known and valid instrument for a child with Down syndrome to attain his highest possible psychomotor functioning level. This study pointed out for the first time ever its capability to contrast the delay on walking onset, which can influence positively the development of the following motor and cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Corrado
- Unit of Physio-kinesitherapy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy -
| | - Nadia Sommella
- Unit of Physio-kinesitherapy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardi
- Unit of Physio-kinesitherapy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Raiano
- Unit of Physio-kinesitherapy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Iris Scala
- Unit of Clinical Pediatric Genetics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Unit of Clinical Pediatric Genetics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Jiao H, Ren H, Yang Y, Ni B, Zhou H, Chen W, Cao Y, Chen C, Huang Y, Yan J. Tri-allelic patterns of STRs and partially homologous non-sister chromatid crossover observed in a parentage test. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2017; 30:34-37. [PMID: 29154001 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A maternity testing case is reported, in which the child showed tri-allelic patterns in two short tandem repeat (STR) loci. The genotypes of Penta D of the mother and the child were 9,13 and 9,10,13, respectively. Those of D21S11 were 32.2,35 and 29,35, respectively, but intensity ratio of alleles 29 and 35 of the child was 1:2. These results suggested the copy number variations (CNVs) or trisomy of chromosome 21. By further examination using STR-based chromosome aneuploidy detection kit, three alleles were detected in D21S1411, LFG21 and Penta D, and 2 alleles with intensity ratio of 1:2 were observed in D21S2502, D21S1435, D21S11 and D21S1246. Karyotype and whole-genome SNP array analyses showed that the child had a free trisomy 21. In addition, partially homologous non-sister chromatid crossover occurred at the region 19181770-39499178 on the long arm of chromosome 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Science, XinXiang Medical University, Xin Xiang 453003, PR China
| | - He Ren
- Beijing Police College, Beijing 102202, PR China
| | - Yaran Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Bin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Family Planning Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, PR China; Hunan Tianheng Forensic Institute, Changsha 410005, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Birth Health of Hunan Province, Family Planning Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, PR China; Hunan Tianheng Forensic Institute, Changsha 410005, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yunwang Cao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Chuguang Chen
- Beijing Microread Genetics Co., Ltd, Beijing 100089, PR China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Science, XinXiang Medical University, Xin Xiang 453003, PR China.
| | - Jiangwei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
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17
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Coppedè F. Risk factors for Down syndrome. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2917-2929. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Karmiloff-Smith A, Al-Janabi T, D'Souza H, Groet J, Massand E, Mok K, Startin C, Fisher E, Hardy J, Nizetic D, Tybulewicz V, Strydom A. The importance of understanding individual differences in Down syndrome. F1000Res 2016; 5:F1000 Faculty Rev-389. [PMID: 27019699 PMCID: PMC4806704 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7506.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we first present a summary of the general assumptions about Down syndrome (DS) still to be found in the literature. We go on to show how new research has modified these assumptions, pointing to a wide range of individual differences at every level of description. We argue that, in the context of significant increases in DS life expectancy, a focus on individual differences in trisomy 21 at all levels-genetic, cellular, neural, cognitive, behavioral, and environmental-constitutes one of the best approaches for understanding genotype/phenotype relations in DS and for exploring risk and protective factors for Alzheimer's disease in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Karmiloff-Smith
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
| | - Tamara Al-Janabi
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Hana D'Souza
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
| | - Jurgen Groet
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Esha Massand
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development, Birkbeck University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
| | - Kin Mok
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carla Startin
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Elizabeth Fisher
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John Hardy
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Dean Nizetic
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- The Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Biopolis, 138673, Singapore
| | - Victor Tybulewicz
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW7 1AA, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andre Strydom
- The London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), University College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
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19
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Zimowski JG, Massalska D, Pawelec M, Bijok J, Michałowska A, Roszkowski T. First-trimester spontaneous pregnancy loss - molecular analysis using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Clin Genet 2016; 89:620-4. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Zimowski
- Department of Genetics; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology; Warsaw Poland
| | - D. Massalska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Pawelec
- Department of Genetics; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology; Warsaw Poland
| | - J. Bijok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; Warsaw Poland
| | - A. Michałowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Roszkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; Warsaw Poland
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