1
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Schulz N, Dischereit G, Henke L, Lange U, Klemm P. Prevalence and effects of Vitamin D receptor polymorphism on bone mineral density and metabolism in patients with systemic sclerosis: a preliminary study. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:121. [PMID: 38847864 PMCID: PMC11161438 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have a disproportionately high prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been associated with osteoporosis in patients with autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and possible effects of VDR polymorphism on BMD and bone metabolism in patients with SSc. In patients with SSc measurement of BMD was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VDR polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI) were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Markers of bone metabolism (calcium, osteocalcin, β-crosslaps) were determined. Primary endpoint was the prevalence of VDR gene polymorphisms and the association with reduced BMD. Secondary endpoints included associations between bone metabolism and VDR gene polymorphism. 79 Caucasian patients with SSc were included. Overall, 83.5% had reduced BMD (51.9% osteopenia, 31.6% osteoporosis). The prevalence of VDR gene polymorphism (73% BsmI, 77% FokI) was comparable to studies in healthy and rheumatic populations. The homozygous presence of FokI polymorphism, but not BsmI, was significantly associated with reduced axial BMD. Fokl polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced CTX levels, although changes remained within the reference limits. VDR polymorphisms can frequently be found in patients with SSc in comparable prevalence to healthy and rheumatic populations. The homozygous presence of FokI polymorphism, but not BsmI, was significantly associated with reduced axial BMD. This could be a possible contributor for the high prevalence of reduced BMD in 83.5% of patients with SSc in this study.Trial registration. DRKS00032768, date: 05.10.2023, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schulz
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Dischereit
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Laura Henke
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Lange
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Klemm
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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2
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Koç Yıldırım S, Najafova T, Ersoy Evans S, Lay İ, Karaduman A. Serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms in patients with morphea: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2119-2127. [PMID: 36964246 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
A uncommon inflammatory condition called morphea causes fibrosis in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The key stages in the pathophysiology are vascular damage, immunological response, and fibrosis. Numerous research have examined the relationships between the immune system, fibrosis, and vitamin D, but the exact pathogenetic pathways of morphea remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum 25(OH)D levels and the ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236) polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in morphea patients. There were 48 age- and sex-matched controls and 41 morphea patients total. VDR polymorphisms were found using PCR tests and gel electrophoresis, and serum 25(OH)D levels were determined using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The patient group consisted of 37 females (90.2%) and 4 males (9.8%). The patients' mean age was 38.68 ± 17.54 years. In terms of VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms, there was no discernible difference between the patient and control groups. TaqI polymorphism heterozygosity was discovered in all patients with progressive disease, and this finding was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Patients' mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 16.98 ± 11.55 ng/mL, while those in the control group were 18.02 ± 14.30 ng/mL. VDR polymorphisms, vitamin D levels, disease subtype, age of onset, and responsiveness to treatment did not significantly correlate. In our research, we discovered that TaqI polymorphism may be related to the severity of the disease and that the polymorphisms of the VDR ApaI and TaqI were not associated with morphea susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Koç Yıldırım
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Uşak University Faculty of Medicine, Uşak, Turkey.
| | - Tahmina Najafova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ersoy Evans
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İncilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Karaduman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Agliardi C, Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Zanzottera M, Clerici M. VDR Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:916. [PMID: 37508347 PMCID: PMC10376382 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis is crucial for human health as it regulates the expression of genes involved in different functions, including calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, and immune responses. In particular, the vitamin D/VDR complex regulates genes of both innate and adaptive immunity. Autoimmune diseases are believed to arise from a genetic predisposition and the presence of triggers such as hormones and environmental factors. Among these, a role for Vitamin D and molecules correlated to its functions has been repeatedly suggested. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene, ApaI, BsmI, TaqI, and FokI, in particular, have been associated with autoimmune disorders. The presence of particular VDR SNP alleles and genotypes, thus, was observed to modulate the likelihood of developing diverse autoimmune conditions, either increasing or reducing it. In this work, we will review the scientific literature suggesting a role for these different factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions and summarize evidence indicating a possible VDR SNP involvement in the onset of these diseases. A better understanding of the role of the molecular mechanisms linking Vitamin D/VDR and autoimmunity might be extremely useful in designing novel therapeutic avenues for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, LAMMB, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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4
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Almazroea AH, Yousef S, Ahmad SMS, AlHiraky HN, Al-Haidose A, Abdallah AM. The Impact of ACE Gene Variants on Acute-Phase Reactants in Children with Rheumatic Heart Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101672. [PMID: 37238156 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most important sequela of upper respiratory group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. The role of the common angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) variant in the disease and its subtypes remains uncertain. The acute-phase reactants (APRs) C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) form part of the Jones criteria for diagnosing RHD, and genetic factors are known to influence baseline CRP and ESR levels. Therefore, here, we investigated the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and APR levels in RHD. A total of 268 individuals were recruited, including 123 RHD patients and 198 healthy controls. There was a trend toward a higher D allele frequency in RHD patients. The ACE I/D polymorphism genotype frequency and DD+ID allelic carriage were significantly associated with a high APR level (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). These results highlight the importance of ACE I/D polymorphisms in RHD for disease stratification, but not for disease predisposition. Further studies in larger cohorts and different populations are now required to confirm this association and to explore the mechanism of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi H Almazroea
- Pediatrics Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sondos Yousef
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Salma M S Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hanin N AlHiraky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Amal Al-Haidose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Atiyeh M Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Dal-Bekar NE, İşlekel GH, Köken-Avşar A, Yarkan-Tuğsal H, Tuna G, Zengin B, Birlik AM. Vitamin D attenuates elevated oxidative DNA damage in scleroderma patients with organ involvement: A prospective study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 229:106273. [PMID: 36813139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Oxidative damage to macromolecules has been reported to occur in scleroderma. Among the macromolecular damages, oxidative DNA damage is a sensitive and cumulative marker of oxidative stress and is of particular interest because of its cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. Vitamin D supplementation is an important part of treatment, as vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in scleroderma. Furthermore, the antioxidant role of vitamin D has been demonstrated in recent studies. In light of this information, the present study aimed to comprehensively investigate oxidative DNA damage in scleroderma at baseline and to evaluate the contribution of vitamin D supplementation to the attenuation of DNA damage in a prospectively designed study. In accordance with these objectives, oxidative DNA damage in scleroderma was evaluated by measurement of stable damage products (8-oxo-dG, S-cdA, and R-cdA) in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); serum vitamin D levels were determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS); VDR gene expression and four polymorphisms in the VDR gene (rs2228570, rs1544410, rs7975232, and rs731236) were analyzed by RT-PCR and compared with healthy subjects. In the prospective part, the DNA damage and the VDR expression of the patients who received vitamin D were re-evaluated after the replacement. As a result of this study, we demonstrated that all DNA damage products were increased in scleroderma patients compared to healthy controls, whereas vitamin D levels and VDR expression were significantly lower (p < 0.05). After supplementation, statistical significance (p < 0.05) was reached for the decrease in 8-oxo-dG and the increase in VDR expression. Attenuated 8-oxo-dG after replacement in patients with lung, joint, and gastrointestinal system involvement demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin D in scleroderma patients with organ involvement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine oxidative DNA damage in scleroderma comprehensively and to evaluate the effects of vitamin D on DNA damage using a prospective design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Ecem Dal-Bekar
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gül Hüray İşlekel
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aydan Köken-Avşar
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Izmir, Turkey; Kocaeli State Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Izmit, Turkey
| | - Handan Yarkan-Tuğsal
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berrin Zengin
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Merih Birlik
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Izmir, Turkey; Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Mazur A, Frączek P, Tabarkiewicz J. Vitamin D as a Nutri-Epigenetic Factor in Autoimmunity-A Review of Current Research and Reports on Vitamin D Deficiency in Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204286. [PMID: 36296970 PMCID: PMC9611618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a series of alterations regulating gene expression without disrupting the DNA sequence of bases. These regulatory mechanisms can result in embryogenesis, cellular differentiation, X-chromosome inactivation, and DNA-protein interactions. The main epigenetic mechanisms considered to play a major role in both health and disease are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and profiling of non-coding RNA. When the fragile balance between these simultaneously occurring phenomena is disrupted, the risk of pathology increases. Thus, the factors that determine proper epigenetic modeling are defined and those with disruptive influence are sought. Several such factors with proven negative effects have already been described. Diet and nutritional substances have recently been one of the most interesting targets of exploration for epigenetic modeling in disease states, including autoimmunity. The preventive role of proper nutrition and maintaining sufficient vitamin D concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in the early years of life, is emphasized. Opportunities are also being investigated for affecting the course of the disease by exploring nutriepigenetics. The authors aim to review the literature presenting vitamin D as one of the important nutrients potentially modeling the course of disease in selected autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Frączek
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Perazzi M, Gallina E, Manfredi GF, Patrucco F, Acquaviva A, Colangelo D, Pirisi M, Bellan M. Vitamin D in Systemic Sclerosis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193908. [PMID: 36235561 PMCID: PMC9573213 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the present paper we aimed to review the evidence about the potential implication of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and management of systemic sclerosis (SSc); (2) Methods: we performed a review of the literature looking for studies evaluating the potential role of vitamin D and its analogs in SSc. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane libraries using the following strings: (vitamin D OR cholecalciferol) AND (systemic sclerosis OR scleroderma). We included cohort studies, case-control studies, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. (3) Results: we identified nine pre-clinical and 21 clinical studies. Pre-clinical data suggest that vitamin D and its analogs may suppress fibrogenesis. Clinical data are concordant in reporting a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and osteoporosis in SSc patients; data about the association with clinical manifestations and phenotypes of SSc are, conversely, far less consistent; (4) Conclusions: in vitro data suggest that vitamin D may play an antifibrotic role in SSc, but clinical data confirming this finding are currently lacking. Hypovitaminosis D is common among SSc patients and should be treated to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Perazzi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallina
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Francesca Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Patrucco
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Acquaviva
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-3737512
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8
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Pimenta I, Mateus H, Rodrigues-Manica S, Pinheiro-Torres R, Neto A, Domingues L, Lage Crespo C, Sardoo A, Machado P, Branco JC, Silva SN, Pimentel-Santos FM. The Effect of ACTN3 and VDR Polymorphisms on Skeletal Muscle Performance in Axial Spondyloarthropathies. Front Genet 2021; 12:688984. [PMID: 34456969 PMCID: PMC8385750 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spondyloarthritis (SpA) are the most common group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases affecting about 1.5% of the adult Caucasian population. Low back pain is the most common symptom. The aetiopathogenesis of SpA is multifactorial, with well-known genetic and environmental contributions. Furthermore, muscle properties might also be involved in the pathophysiological process and these could be modulated by the genetic background. Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes are well-known genes related with muscle performance. Our aim was to analyze four SNPs of these genes and to evaluate their influence in axial SpA (axSpA) susceptibility, phenotype and muscle properties. Methods We performed a pilot study based on case-control approach involving 56 participants: 28 axSpA patients and 28 healthy controls matched by age, gender and levels of physical activity. Clinical, epidemiological and muscle characterization data—muscle physical properties (stiffness, tone, and elasticity), strength, mass, and performance, were collected. Two different muscles were considered for analysis, the Multifidus and Gastrocnemius. Four SNPs of ACTN3 (rs1815739) and VDR (rs2228570, rs731236, and rs7975232), were selected, analyzed and correlated with clinical, epidemiological and muscle characterization data. Results In total, 51 individuals (27 axSpA patients and 24 matched controls) were eligible for further genetic analysis, 66.7% being male and with a mean age of 36 years. Muscle physical properties, muscle strength and muscle mass were similar in both groups; however, axSpA patients showed a decrease in muscle performance. None of the studied SNPs were associated with disease susceptibility/phenotype, muscle physical properties, muscle strength or muscle mass. However, ACTN3 rs1815739 and VDR rs2228570 were shown to be associated with muscle performance. Conclusion Our results suggest an association between ACTN3 and VDR polymorphisms and muscle performance in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pimenta
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Mateus
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Santiago Rodrigues-Manica
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinheiro-Torres
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Agna Neto
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Domingues
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lage Crespo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Atlas Sardoo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Machado
- Centre for Rheumatology and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime C Branco
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana N Silva
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Pimentel-Santos
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Cutolo M, Soldano S, Sulli A, Smith V, Gotelli E. Influence of Seasonal Vitamin D Changes on Clinical Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683665. [PMID: 34267753 PMCID: PMC8276051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D-calcitriol] is basically a steroid hormone with pleiotropic biologic effects, and its impact on the regulation of immune system may influence several clinical conditions. Calcidiol (25OHD), as precursor of calcitriol, derives, for the most part (80%), from cutaneous cholesterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) under the action of UV-B (sunlight). Consequently, serum concentrations fluctuate during the year following the circannual rhythm of sun exposition. We will update about the available evidence regarding the complex influence of seasonal vitamin D changes on two different chronic connective tissue diseases, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Notably, RA is an emblematic model of autoimmune disease with prevalent joint inflammatory features, while SSc is mainly an autoimmune progressive pro-fibrotic disease. However, in both conditions, low serum concentrations of 25OHD are involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases, and emerging data report their impact on clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DIMI), University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DIMI), University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DIMI), University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genova, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DIMI), University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic, Genova, Italy
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10
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Schneider L, Hax V, Monticielo O, Macedo TF, Barreto RKM, Marcondes NA, Chakr R. Dualities of the vitamin D in systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review. Adv Rheumatol 2021; 61:34. [PMID: 34108054 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-021-00192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and visceral and cutaneous fibrosis. Vitamin D has several functions in the immunological system, and different studies have suggested a potential role in triggering autoimmune diseases. Patients with SSc may present with low serum levels of vitamin D, but the association between hypovitaminosis D and disease onset or any clinical manifestation is still obscure. Our goal was to verify the causal relationship between hypovitaminosis D and SSc onset or any particular clinical manifestation in the literature. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed through February 24th, 2021 on Pubmed, Lilacs/BIREME, and Cochrane databases. The eligible studies were read in full text, and, in the absence of exclusion criteria, were included in this review after consensus between two reviewers. RESULTS Forty articles met the eligibility criteria and the main results of each study are described. In most studies, SSc patients showed a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency compared to controls. Additionally, in some reports serum levels of vitamin D were inversely correlated with the severity of SSc. Oral supplementation did not seem to affect serum levels of vitamin D. Four of the included studies were with experimental models. CONCLUSION In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency seems to have a role in susceptibility to SSc, as well as in the clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiana Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos St, Room 645, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Hax
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos St, Room 645, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Odirlei Monticielo
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos St, Room 645, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tamires Ferri Macedo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Chakr
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos St, Room 645, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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11
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Jianhai T, Jian L, Long Z, Wei W, Shumao Z, Yiming W, Xiaojuan L. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and its interactions with environmental factors on renal cell carcinoma risk. Genes Environ 2021; 43:19. [PMID: 34006324 PMCID: PMC8130296 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We designed a case-control study to investigate the effect of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and possible gene- environment interaction on the susceptibility of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to find out the interaction combinations between SNPs and environmental factors, including gene- gene synergy and gene environment synergy effect. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the four SNPs in VDR gene and RCC, and the significant interaction combinations found by GMDR model were analyzed by hierarchical analysis. Results The genotype distribution of the control group was in accordance with Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of RCC in VDR-rs7975232 A allele carriers was significantly higher than that of CC genotype carriers (CA + AA vs. CC), adjusted OR (95 % CI) = 1.75 (1.26–2.28). We used GMDR model to screen the best synergistic model between the four SNPs of VDR gene and smoking and drinking. We found a significant two locus model (P = 0.0010) involving rs7975232 and smoking. The cross- validation consistency of the two- locus model was 10/ 10, and the accuracy was 60.72 %. Compared with non-smokers with rs7975232 -CA or AA genotype, smokers with rs7975232 -CC genotype had the highest risk of RCC, or (95 % CI) = 2.23 (1.42–3.09), after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions We found that the A allele of rs7975232 within VDR gene, interaction between rs7975232 and smoking were all associated with increased RCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jianhai
- Department of Urology, Linyi cancer hospital, No.6 Lingyuan East Street, Lanshan District, Shandong Province, Linyi CIty, China
| | - Lv Jian
- Department of Urology, Linyi cancer hospital, No.6 Lingyuan East Street, Lanshan District, Shandong Province, Linyi CIty, China
| | - Zhang Long
- Department of Urology, Linyi cancer hospital, No.6 Lingyuan East Street, Lanshan District, Shandong Province, Linyi CIty, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Department of Urology, Linyi cancer hospital, No.6 Lingyuan East Street, Lanshan District, Shandong Province, Linyi CIty, China
| | - Zhang Shumao
- Department of Urology, Linyi cancer hospital, No.6 Lingyuan East Street, Lanshan District, Shandong Province, Linyi CIty, China
| | - Wang Yiming
- Department of Urology, Linyi cancer hospital, No.6 Lingyuan East Street, Lanshan District, Shandong Province, Linyi CIty, China
| | - Li Xiaojuan
- Department of Urology, Linyi cancer hospital, No.6 Lingyuan East Street, Lanshan District, Shandong Province, Linyi CIty, China.
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12
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Vitamin D's Effect on Immune Function. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051248. [PMID: 32353972 PMCID: PMC7281985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since its discovery by Windhaus, the importance of the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25-(OH)2D3) has been ever expanding. In this review, the attention is shifted towards the importance of the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D, with special emphasis on the immune system. The first hint of the significant role of vitamin D on the immune system was made by the discovery of the presence of the vitamin D receptor on almost all cells of the immune system. In vitro, the overwhelming effect of supra-physiological doses of vitamin D on the individual components of the immune system is very clear. Despite these promising pre-clinical results, the translation of the in vitro observations to solid clinical effects has mostly failed. Nevertheless, the evidence of a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcomes is overwhelming and clearly points towards avoidance of vitamin D deficiency especially in early life.
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13
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Chairta P, Psarelis S, Michailidou K, Demetriou C, Symeonidou S, Nicolaou P, Christodoulou K. Genetic Susceptibility to Systemic Sclerosis in the Greek-Cypriot Population: A Pilot Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:309-317. [PMID: 32315557 PMCID: PMC7232649 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma, is an autoimmune rheumatic disease, which is clinically subdivided into two major subgroups; limited (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous scleroderma (dcSSc). Even though the SSc etiologies remains unclear, some HLA and non-HLA genetic variants have been associated with the disease. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the associations between several HLA-related genetic variants and SSc in the Greek-Cypriot population. Methods: Forty-one SSc patients and 164 controls were genotyped at 18 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, Sanger sequencing, and a multiplex SNaPshot minisequencing assay. Logistic regression analysis under the log-additive model was used to evaluate all possible associations between these SNPs and SSc; nominal statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.05. Results: Associations of SSc with SNPs rs3117230, rs3128930, and rs3128965 within the HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DPB2 regions were observed in the Greek-Cypriot population at the level of p < 0.05. However, none of these associations survived a Bonferroni correction. The direction of the effect is consistent with the direction reported in previous studies. In addition, allele frequencies of the majority of the selected SNPs in the Greek-Cypriot population are similar to those reported in the European population. Conclusion: This study initiates the genetic investigation of SSc in the Greek-Cypriot population, a relatively small newly investigated population. Further investigation with a larger sample size and/or additional SSc susceptibility loci may confirm the association of some of these variants with SSc in the Greek-Cypriot population that could potentially be used for predictive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Chairta
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Savvas Psarelis
- Rheumatology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Sofia Symeonidou
- Rheumatology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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