1
|
Hallucinations: diagnosis, neurobiology and clinical management. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 35:293-299. [PMID: 32324611 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hallucinations are important diagnostic symptoms in schizophrenia, but also occur in other medical and neuropsychiatric conditions. Not all patients with hallucinations are psychotic. There has been a surge of interest in the topic of hallucinations, as new research data have begun to reveal their neurobiology. Hallucinogenic molecules may also serve as new scaffolds for the development of new psychotropic drugs. We searched and reviewed recent literature, focusing on the refinement of clinical management, which was inspired by new data regarding the neurobiology of hallucination subtypes. We concluded that the successful management of hallucinations depends on accurate differential diagnosis to identify subtypes, which would then determine the most appropriate treatment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Maijer K, Hayward M, Fernyhough C, Calkins ME, Debbané M, Jardri R, Kelleher I, Raballo A, Rammou A, Scott JG, Shinn AK, Steenhuis LA, Wolf DH, Bartels-Velthuis AA. Hallucinations in Children and Adolescents: An Updated Review and Practical Recommendations for Clinicians. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:S5-S23. [PMID: 30715540 PMCID: PMC6357982 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hallucinations in children and adolescents are now known to occur on a continuum from healthy to psychopathology-related phenomena. Although hallucinations in young populations are mostly transient, they can cause substantial distress. Despite hallucinations being widely investigated, research so far has had limited implications for clinical practice. The present article has 3 main aims: (1) to review research findings since 2014 (when the last major review of the area was published); (2) to present assessment tools validated to measure hallucinations in children and adolescents; and (3) to discuss therapeutic strategies and clinical issues. We conclude by presenting a tailored care model for clinicians and outline future challenges for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Maijer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,De Bascule, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,To whom correspondence should be addressed; University Medical Center Utrecht, Psychiatry department, HP A00.241, Heidelberglaan 100, 3485CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; tel: +31 88 7558180, fax: +31 88 755 54 43, e-mail:
| | - Mark Hayward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK,Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Hove, UK
| | | | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Developmental NeuroImaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR-9193, SCALab (PsyCHIC Team) & CHU Lille, CURE Platform, Fontan Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Ian Kelleher
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Rammou
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK,Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Hove, UK
| | - James G Scott
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia,Metro North Mental Health, Herston, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Australia
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura A Steenhuis
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|