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Brusselaers N. Author's Reply to Avó-Baião et al.'s Comment on "Maternal and Early-Life Exposure to Antibiotics and the Risk of Autism and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study". Drug Saf 2024:10.1007/s40264-024-01463-z. [PMID: 38967835 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Brusselaers
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Rajagopala SV, Shilts MH, Correa H, Das SR, Choksi YA, Jacobse J, Goettel JA, Hiremath G. Proton Pump Inhibitors Modulate Gene Expression Profile in Esophageal Mucosa and Microbiome. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2023; 28:504-508. [PMID: 38130344 PMCID: PMC10731942 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-28.6.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to manage children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and without a formal diagnosis. We investigated the effect of PPIs on esophageal mucosal transcriptome and active microbiota in children with normal esophagi. Furthermore, we examined whether the differences in host esophageal mucosal gene expression were driven by an underlying esophageal epithelial cell type composition. METHODS Using metatranscriptomics, the host transcriptional and active microbial profiles were captured from 17 esophageal biopsy samples (PPI naïve [PPI-], n = 7; PPI exposed [PPI+], n = 10) collected from children without any endoscopic and histologic abnormalities in their esophagus (normal esophagus). Deconvolution computational analysis was performed with xCell to assess if the observed epithelial gene expression changes were related to the cell type composition in the esophageal samples. RESULTS The median (IQR) age of our cohort was 14 years (12-16) with female (63%) preponderance. Both groups were similar in terms of their demographics and clinical features. Compared with PPI-, the PPI+ had upregulation of 27 genes including the MUC genes. The cell type composition was similar between the PPI- and PPI+ groups. Prevotella sp and Streptococcus sp were abundant in PPI+ group. CONCLUSIONS In children with normal esophagus, PPI exposure can be associated with upregulation of esophageal mucosal homeostasis and epithelial cell function genes in a cell-type independent manner, and an altered esophageal microbiome. Additional studies are warranted to validate our findings and to investigate the causal effect of PPIs on the normal esophageal epithelium and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seesandra V. Rajagopala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease (SVR, MHS, SRD), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Meghan H. Shilts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease (SVR, MHS, SRD), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hernan Correa
- Division of Pathology (HC), Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Suman R. Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease (SVR, MHS, SRD), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SRD), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yash A. Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (YAC, JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Tennessee Valley Health System (YAC), Veteran’s Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (YAC, JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, (JJ), Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (YAC, JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation (JJ, JAG), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Girish Hiremath
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (GH), Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Dutta AK, Jain A, Jearth V, Mahajan R, Panigrahi MK, Sharma V, Goenka MK, Kochhar R, Makharia G, Reddy DN, Kirubakaran R, Ahuja V, Berry N, Bhat N, Dutta U, Ghoshal UC, Jain A, Jalihal U, Jayanthi V, Kumar A, Nijhawan S, Poddar U, Ramesh GN, Singh SP, Zargar S, Bhatia S. Guidelines on optimizing the use of proton pump inhibitors: PPI stewardship. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:601-628. [PMID: 37698821 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been available for over three decades and are among the most commonly prescribed medications. They are effective in treating a variety of gastric acid-related disorders. They are freely available and based on current evidence, use of PPIs for inappropriate indications and duration appears to be common. Over the years, concerns have been raised on the safety of PPIs as they have been associated with several adverse effects. Hence, there is a need for PPI stewardship to promote the use of PPIs for appropriate indication and duration. With this objective, the Indian Society of Gastroenterology has formulated guidelines on the rational use of PPIs. The guidelines were developed using a modified Delphi process. This paper presents these guidelines in detail, including the statements, review of literature, level of evidence and recommendations. This would help the clinicians in optimizing the use of PPIs in their practice and promote PPI stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, 632 004, India.
| | | | - Vaneet Jearth
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Ramit Mahajan
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 141 001, India
| | | | - Vishal Sharma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | | | | | - Govind Makharia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | | | - Richard Kirubakaran
- Center of Biostatistics and Evidence Based Medicine, Vellore, 632 004, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Neha Berry
- BLK Institute of Digestive and Liver Disease, New Delhi, 201 012, India
| | - Naresh Bhat
- Aster CMI Hospital, Bengaluru, 560 092, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Uday Chand Ghoshal
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Ajay Jain
- Choithram Hospital and Research Center, Indore, 452 014, India
| | | | - V Jayanthi
- Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, BLK - Max Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, 201 012, India
| | | | - Ujjal Poddar
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | | | - Shivram P Singh
- Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Cuttack, 753 001, India
| | - Showkat Zargar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Kashmir, 190 011, India
| | - Shobna Bhatia
- Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, 400 004, India
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Closs ER, Mårild K, Nielsen RG, Størdal K. Use of proton pump inhibitors in scandinavian children and adolescents: An observational study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1052978. [PMID: 36873656 PMCID: PMC9978809 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1052978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in Scandinavian children with focus on the geographical variation, temporal changes and possible contributing factors to observed changes. METHODS An observational population-based study of children and adolescents (1-17 years) in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark during the period 2007-2020. Information concerning dispensed PPIs was obtained from the national prescription databases of each country and presented as means per 1,000 children for each country and calendar year in four age categories (1-4, 5-9, 10-13 and 14-17 years). RESULTS In 2007, the PPI use in children was similar across Scandinavian countries. An increased PPI use was observed in all countries during the study period, with gradually increasing differences between the countries. In general, Norway showed both the largest total increase and the largest increase in each age category compared to Sweden and Denmark. In 2020 Norwegian children showed, on average, a 59% higher PPI use compared to Swedish children and a more than double the overall dispensation rate than Denmark. In Denmark there was a 19% reduction in dispensed PPIs from 2015 to 2020. CONCLUSION Despite being countries with similar health care systems and without indications of increased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), we observed considerable geographical variation and temporal changes of PPI use in children. Although this study did not contain data on the indication for PPI use, these large differences across countries and time may indicate a current overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Mårild
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Queen Silvia Children's hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ketil Størdal
- Department of Pediatric Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Li B, Liu Y, Sun S. Pump proton inhibitors display anti-tumour potential in glioma. Cell Prolif 2022:e13321. [PMID: 35961680 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioma is one of the most aggressive brain tumours with poor overall survival despite advanced technology in surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation. Progression and recurrence are the hinge causes of low survival. Our aim is to explain the concrete mechanism in the proliferation and progression of tumours based on tumour microenvironment (TME). The main purpose is to illustrate the mechanism of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in affecting acidity, hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and autophagy based on the TME to induce apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy. FINDINGS TME is the main medium for tumour growth and progression. Acidity, hypoxia, inflammatory response, autophagy, angiogenesis and so on are the main causes of tumour progress. PPIs, as a common clinical drug to inhibit gastric acid secretion, have the advantages of fast onset, long action time and small adverse reactions. Nowadays, several kinds of literature highlight the potential of PPIs in inhibiting tumour progression. However, long-term use of PPIs alone also has obvious side effects. Therefore, till now, how to apply PPIs to promote the effect of radio-chemotherapy and find the concrete dose and concentration of combined use are novel challenges. CONCLUSIONS PPIs display the potential in enhancing the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy to defend against glioma based on TME. In the clinic, it is also necessary to explore specific concentrations and dosages in synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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