1
|
Tian X, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Cui M. Association between elevated blood-brain barrier permeability and the risk of progressive cognitive decline: A longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 124:105441. [PMID: 38643666 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is intricately linked to the onset and advancement of cognitive impairment and dementia. This investigation explores the correlation between blood-brain barrier permeability, assessed through the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio (QAlb), in a clinical cohort and the evolution of cognitive decline. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study included 295 participants. Cognitive decline progression was characterized by an escalation in the overall deterioration scale and/or clinical dementia rating scores. The investigation delves into the correlation between blood-brain barrier permeability and the advancement of cognitive impairment among patients. RESULTS The APOE 4 allele and diabetes mellitus among individuals exhibited increased BBB permeability (P < 0.05). Moreover, AD patients exhibited the highest QAlb levels, signifying elevated BBB permeability compared to individuals with MCI and SCD (P < 0.05). After mean 17 months following up, 117 patients (51.31 %) were identified as experiencing cognitive decline progression, and we found that only AD diagnosis, CDR, and QAlb (All P < 0.05) were significant predictors of cognitive decline progression. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the clinical relevance of QAlb in detecting individuals with an elevated risk of cognitive decline. It suggests that heightened BBB permeability could contribute to clinical deterioration and serves as a plausible therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou university, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou university, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou university, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou university, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou Z, Sun A, Li Y, Song X, Liu S, Hu X, Luan Y, Guan H, He C, Sun Y, Chen J. What Are the Reliable Plasma Biomarkers for Mild Cognitive Impairment? A Clinical 4D Proteomics Study and Validation. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:7709277. [PMID: 38883967 PMCID: PMC11178428 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7709277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective At present, Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks effective treatment means, and early diagnosis and intervention are the keys to treatment. Therefore, for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients, blood sample analysis using the 4D nonstandard (label-free) proteomic in-depth quantitative analysis, looking for specific protein marker expression differences, is important. These marker levels change as AD progresses, and the analysis of these biomarkers changes with this method, which has the potential to show the degree of disease progression and can be used for the diagnosis and preventive treatment of MCI and AD. Materials and Methods Patients were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into three groups according to scale scores. Elderly patients diagnosed with AD were selected as the AD group (n = 9). Patients diagnosed with MCI were classified into the MCI group (n = 10). Cognitively healthy elderly patients were included in the normal cognition control group (n = 10). Patients' blood samples were used for 4D label-free proteomic in-depth quantitative analysis to identify potential blood biomarkers. The sample size of each group was expanded (n = 30), and the selected biomarkers were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to verify the accuracy of the proteomic prediction. Results Six specific blood markers, namely, APOE, MMP9, UBR5, PLA2G7, STAT5B, and S100A8, were detected by 4D label-free proteomic quantitative analysis. These markers showed a statistically significant upregulation trend in the MCI and AD groups compared with the normal cognition control group (P < 0.05). ELISA results showed that the levels of these six proteins in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the normal cognition control group, and the levels of these six proteins in the AD group were significantly higher than those in the MCI group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The plasma levels of APOE, MMP9, UBR5, PLA2G7, STAT5B, and S100A8 in cognitively healthy elderly patients and patients with MCI and AD were significantly different and, more importantly, showed a trend of increasing expression. These results indicate that these six human plasma markers have important diagnostic and therapeutic potential in the identification of cognitive impairment and have value for in-depth research and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Hou
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- The First Hospital Affiliated with Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ailin Sun
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
- Pudong Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Hospital Affiliated with Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaochen Song
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinying Hu
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yihan Luan
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huibo Guan
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changyuan He
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Basic Medical and Sciences Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heo C, Kwak HJ, Ngo LH, Woo RS, Lee SJ. Implementation of the neuro-glia-vascular unit through co-culture of adult neural stem cells and vascular cells and transcriptomic analysis of diverse Aβ assembly types. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110029. [PMID: 38042304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized layer between blood vessels and tissue in the brain, which is comprised of a neuro-glia-vascular (NGV) unit, thus play a vital role in various brain diseases. NEW METHOD We developed the in vitro NGV units by co-culturing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs; bEnd.3) and primary neural stem cells extracted from subventricular zone of adult mice. This approach was designed to mimic the RNA profile conditions found in the microvessels of a mouse brain and confirmed through various comparative transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Optimal NGV unit development was achieved by adjusting cell density-dependent co-culture ratios. Specifically, the morphogenic development and neuronal association of astrocyte endfeet were well observed in the contact region with BMECs in the NGV unit. Through transcriptome analysis, we compared co-cultured bEnd.3/NSCs with monocultured bEnd.3 or NSCs and additionally compared them with previously reported mouse brain vascular tissue to show that this NGV unit model is a suitable in vitro model for neurological disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) This in vitro NGV unit was formed from neural stem cells and vascular cells in the brain of adult mice, not embryos. It is very useful for studying brain disease mechanisms by identifying proteins and genes associated with diseases progress. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that this simple in vitro NGV model is appropriate to investigate the relationship between BBB changes and pathological factors in the fields of neurovascular biology and cerebrovascular diseases including AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea; Institute for Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kwak
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Long Hoang Ngo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, South Korea.
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prasad Panda S, Kesharwani A, Prasanna Mallick S, Prasanth D, Kumar Pasala P, Bharadwaj Tatipamula V. Viral-induced neuronal necroptosis: Detrimental to brain function and regulation by necroptosis inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115591. [PMID: 37196683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal necroptosis (programmed necrosis) in the CNS naturally occurs through a caspase-independent way and, especially in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parknson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and viral infections. Understanding necroptosis pathways (death receptor-dependent and independent), and its connections with other cell death pathways could lead to new insights into treatment. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) mediates necroptosis via mixed-lineage kinase-like (MLKL) proteins. RIPK/MLKL necrosome contains FADD, procaspase-8-cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (cFLIPs), RIPK1/RIPK3, and MLKL. The necrotic stimuli cause phosphorylation of MLKL and translocate to the plasma membrane, causing an influx of Ca2+ and Na+ ions and, the immediate opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with the release of inflammatory cell damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and interleukin1 (IL-1). The MLKL translocates to the nucleus to induce transcription of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex elements. MLKL-induced NLRP3 activity causes caspase-1 cleavage and, IL-1 activation which promotes neuroinflammation. RIPK1-dependent transcription increases illness-associated microglial and lysosomal abnormalities to facilitate amyloid plaque (Aβ) aggregation in AD. Recent research has linked neuroinflammation and mitochondrial fission with necroptosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) such as miR512-3p, miR874, miR499, miR155, and miR128a regulate neuronal necroptosis by targeting key components of necroptotic pathways. Necroptosis inhibitors act by inhibiting the membrane translocation of MLKL and RIPK1 activity. This review insights into the RIPK/MLKL necrosome-NLRP3 inflammasome interactions during death receptor-dependent and independent neuronal necroptosis, and clinical intervention by miRs to protect the brain from NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarada Prasanna Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | | | - Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heidarzadeh M, Zarebkohan A, Rahbarghazi R, Sokullu E. Protein corona and exosomes: new challenges and prospects. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:64. [PMID: 36973780 PMCID: PMC10041507 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in extracellular vesicle (EVs) detection and isolation methods have led to the development of novel therapeutic modalities. Among different types of EVs, exosomes (Exos) can transfer different signaling biomolecules and exhibit several superior features compared to whole-cell-based therapies. Therapeutic factors are normally loaded into the Exo lumen or attached to their surface for improving the on-target delivery rate and regenerative outcomes. Despite these advantages, there are several limitations in the application of Exos in in vivo conditions. It was suggested that a set of proteins and other biological compounds are adsorbed around Exos in aqueous phases and constitute an external layer named protein corona (PC). Studies have shown that PC can affect the physicochemical properties of synthetic and natural nanoparticles (NPs) after introduction in biofluids. Likewise, PC is generated around EVs, especially Exos in in vivo conditions. This review article is a preliminary attempt to address the interfering effects of PC on Exo bioactivity and therapeutic effects. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Heidarzadeh
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Panda SP, Reddy PH, Gorla US, Prasanth D. Neuroinflammation and neovascularization in diabetic eye diseases (DEDs): identification of potential pharmacotherapeutic targets. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1857-1869. [PMID: 36513866 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to increase public knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of diabetic eye diseases (DEDs), such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and ocular angiosarcoma (ASO), and the likelihood of blindness among elderly widows. A widow's life in North India, in general, is fraught with peril because of the economic and social isolation it brings, as well as the increased risk of death from heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and dementia. Neovascularization, neuroinflammation, and edema in the ocular tissue are hallmarks of the ASO, a rare form of malignant tumor. When diabetes, hypertension, and aging all contribute to increased oxidative stress, the DR can proceed to ASO. Microglia in the retina of the optic nerve head are responsible for causing inflammation, discomfort, and neurodegeneration. Those that come into contact with them will get blind as a result of this. Advanced glycation end products (AGE), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), protein kinase C (PKC), poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), nuclear factor kappaB (NFkB), program death ligand1 (PDL-1), factor VIII (FVIII), and von Willebrand factor (VWF) are potent agents for ocular neovascularisation (ONV), neuroinflammation and edema in the ocular tissue. AGE/VEGF, DAG/PKC, PARP/NFkB, RAS/VEGF, PDL-1/PD-1, VWF/FVIII/VEGF, and RAS/VEGF are all linked to the pathophysiology of DEDs. The interaction between ONV and ASO is mostly determined by the VWF/FVIII/VEGF and PDL-1/PD-1 axis. This study focused on retinoprotective medications that can pass the blood-retinal barrier and cure DEDs, as well as the factors that influence the etiology of neovascularization and neuroinflammation in the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Pharmacology Research Division, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 281406, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 79430, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 79430, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 79430, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 79430, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 79430, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Uma Sankar Gorla
- College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, AP, India
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pabian-Jewuła S, Rylski M. Does the functional polymorphism-1562C/T of MMP-9 gene influence brain disorders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1110967. [PMID: 37206663 PMCID: PMC10188926 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is one of the most strongly expressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the brain. The MMP-9 activity in the brain is strictly regulated, and any disruptions in this regulation contribute to a development of many disorders of the nervous system including multiple sclerosis, brain strokes, neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, schizophrenia, or Guillain-Barré syndrome. This article discusses a relationship between development of the nervous system diseases and the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -1562C/T within the MMP-9 gene. A pathogenic influence of MMP-9-1562C/T SNP was observed both in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The presence of the allele T often increases the activity of the MMP-9 gene promoter and consequently the expression of MMP-9 when compared to the allele C. This leads to a change in the likelihood of an occurrence of diseases and modifies the course of certain brain diseases in humans, as discussed below. The presented data indicates that the MMP-9-1562C/T functional polymorphism influences the course of many neuropsychiatric disorders in humans suggesting a significant pathological role of the MMP-9 metalloproteinase in pathologies of the human central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pabian-Jewuła
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Sylwia Pabian-Jewuła,
| | - Marcin Rylski
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panda SP, Prasanth D, Gorla US, Dewanjee S. Interlinked role of ASN, TDP-43 and Miro1 with parkinopathy: Focus on targeted approach against neuropathy in parkinsonism. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101783. [PMID: 36371014 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a complex neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to differentiate because of its idiopathic and unknown origins. The hereditary parkinsonism known as autosomal recessive-juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is marked by tremors, dyskinesias, dystonic characteristics, and manifestations that improve sleep but do not include dementia. This was caused by deletions and point mutations in PARK2 (chromosome 6q25.2-27). Diminished or unusual sensations (paresthesias), loss of neuron strength both in the CNS and peripheral nerves, and lack of motor coordination are the hallmarks of neuropathy in parkinsonism. The incidence of parkinsonism during oxidative stress and ageing is associated with parkinopathy. Parkinopathy is hypothesized to be triggered by mutation of the parkin (PRKN) gene and loss of normal physiological functions of PRKN proteins, which triggers their pathogenic aggregation due to conformational changes. Two important genes that control mitochondrial health are PRKN and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Overexpression of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) increases the aggregation of insoluble PRKN proteins in OMM. Foreign α-synuclein (ASN) promotes parkinopathy via S-nitrosylation and hence has a neurotoxic effect on dopaminergic nerves. Miro1 (Miro GTPase1), a member of the RAS superfamily, is expressed in nerve cells. Due to PINK1/PRKN and Miro1's functional relationship, an excess of mitochondrial calcium culminates in the destruction of dopaminergic neurons. An interlinked understanding of TDP-43, PINK1/PRKN, ASN, and Miro1 signalling in the communication among astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and immune cells within the brain explored the pathway of neuronal death and shed light on novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Pharmacology Research Division, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India.
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | - Uma Sankar Gorla
- College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feature Fusion and Detection in Alzheimer’s Disease Using a Novel Genetic Multi-Kernel SVM Based on MRI Imaging and Gene Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050837. [PMID: 35627222 PMCID: PMC9140721 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Voxel-based morphometry provides an opportunity to study Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at a subtle level. Therefore, identifying the important brain voxels that can classify AD, early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and healthy control (HC) and studying the role of these voxels in AD will be crucial to improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanism of AD. Combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging and gene information, we proposed a novel feature construction method and a novel genetic multi-kernel support vector machine (SVM) method to mine important features for AD detection. Specifically, to amplify the differences among AD, EMCI and HC groups, we used the eigenvalues of the top 24 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a p-value matrix of 24 genes associated with AD for feature construction. Furthermore, a genetic multi-kernel SVM was established with the resulting features. The genetic algorithm was used to detect the optimal weights of 3 kernels and the multi-kernel SVM was used after training to explore the significant features. By analyzing the significance of the features, we identified some brain regions affected by AD, such as the right superior frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. The findings proved the good performance and generalization of the proposed model. Particularly, significant susceptibility genes associated with AD were identified, such as CSMD1, RBFOX1, PTPRD, CDH13 and WWOX. Some significant pathways were further explored, such as the calcium signaling pathway (corrected p-value = 1.35 × 10−6) and cell adhesion molecules (corrected p-value = 5.44 × 10−4). The findings offer new candidate abnormal brain features and demonstrate the contribution of these features to AD.
Collapse
|