Mitochondrial miRNA as epigenomic signatures: Visualizing aging-associated heart diseases through a new lens

Multifaceted role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cardiovascular disease: From mitochondrial fission to therapeutic interventions

Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production and metabolic regulation, particularly in cardiomyocytes. These organelles constantly undergo cycles of fusion and fission, orchestrated by key proteins like Dynamin-related Protein 1 (Drp-1). This review focuses on the intricate roles of Drp-1 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, its implications in cardiovascular health, and particularly in myocardial infarction. Drp-1 is not merely a mediator of mitochondrial fission; it also plays pivotal roles in autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis in cardiac cells. This multifaceted functionality is often modulated through various post-translational alterations, and Drp-1's interaction with intracellular calcium (Ca2 + ) adds another layer of complexity. We also explore the pathological consequences of Drp-1 dysregulation, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, this review delves into the potential therapeutic interventions targeting Drp-1 to modulate mitochondrial dynamics and improve cardiovascular outcomes. We highlight recent findings on the interaction between Drp-1 and sirtuin-3 and suggest that understanding this interaction may open new avenues for therapeutically modulating endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. As the cardiovascular system increasingly becomes the focal point of aging and chronic disease research, understanding the nuances of Drp-1's functionality can lead to innovative therapeutic approaches.

Regulatory roles of microRNAs in modulating mitochondrial dynamics, amyloid beta fibrillation, microglial activation, and cholinergic signaling: Implications for alzheimer's disease pathogenesis

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains a formidable challenge due to its complex pathology, notably involving mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) signaling. This study delves into the underexplored realm of miRNAs' impact on mitochondrial dynamics and their interplay with amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and tau pathology in AD. Addressing identified gaps, our research utilizes advanced molecular techniques and AD models, alongside patient miRNA profiles, to uncover miRNAs pivotal in mitochondrial regulation. We illuminate novel miRNAs influencing mitochondrial dynamics, Aβ, and tau, offering insights into their mechanistic roles in AD progression. Our findings not only enhance understanding of AD's molecular underpinnings but also spotlight miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets. By elucidating miRNAs' roles in mitochondrial dysfunction and their interactions with hallmark AD pathologies, our work proposes innovative strategies for AD therapy, aiming to mitigate disease progression through targeted miRNA modulation. This contribution marks a significant step toward novel AD treatments, emphasizing the potential of miRNAs in addressing this complex disease.

A hybrid ResNet-ViT approach to bridge the global and local features for myocardial infarction detection

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a significant contributor to global mortality and morbidity, necessitating accurate and timely diagnosis. Current diagnostic methods encounter challenges in capturing intricate patterns, urging the need for advanced automated approaches to enhance MI detection. In this study, we strive to advance MI detection by proposing a hybrid approach that combines the strengths of ResNet and Vision Transformer (ViT) models, leveraging global and local features for improved accuracy. We introduce a slim-model ViT design with multibranch networks and channel attention mechanisms to enhance patch embedding extraction, addressing ViT's limitations. By training data through both ResNet and modified ViT models, we incorporate a dual-pathway feature extraction strategy. The fusion of global and local features addresses the challenge of robust feature vector creation. Our approach showcases enhanced learning capabilities through modified ViT architecture and ResNet architecture. The dual-pathway training enriches feature extraction, culminating in a comprehensive feature vector. Preliminary results demonstrate significant potential for accurate detection of MI. Our study introduces a hybrid ResNet-ViT model for advanced MI detection, highlighting the synergy between global and local feature extraction. This approach holds promise for elevating MI classification accuracy, with implications for improved patient care. Further validation and clinical applicability exploration are warranted.

The history and future of in vitro fertilization in the United States: the complex interrelationships among basic science, human medicine, and politics

Although much of the foundational basic scientific and clinical research was conducted in the United States, the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) birth occurred in the United Kingdom. Why? For centuries, all research surrounding the field of "reproduction" has elicited bipolar passionate responses by the American public, and the issue of "test tube babies" has been no different. The history of conception in the United States is defined by complex interrelationships among scientists, clinicians, and politically charged decisions by various branches of the US government. With a focus on research in the United States, this review summarizes the early scientific and clinical advances important to the development of IVF and then addresses the potential future developments in IVF. We also consider what future advances are possible in the United States given the current regulations, laws, and funding.