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Allahabadi S, Salazar LM, Obioha OA, Fenn TW, Chahla J, Nho SJ. Hamstring Injuries: A Current Concepts Review: Evaluation, Nonoperative Treatment, and Surgical Decision Making. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:832-844. [PMID: 37092718 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231164931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this current concepts review is to highlight the evaluation and workup of hamstring injuries, nonoperative treatment options, and surgical decision-making based on patient presentation and injury patterns. Hamstring injuries, which are becoming increasingly recognized, affect professional and recreational athletes alike, commonly occurring after forceful eccentric contraction mechanisms. Injuries occur in the proximal tendon at the ischial tuberosity, in the muscle belly substance, or in the distal tendon insertion on the tibia or fibula. Patients may present with ecchymoses, pain, and weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for diagnosis and may help guide treatment. Treatment is dictated by the specific tendon(s) injured, tear location, severity, and chronicity. Many hamstring injuries can be successfully managed with nonoperative measures such as activity modification and physical therapy; adjuncts such as platelet-rich plasma injections are currently being investigated. Operative treatment of proximal hamstring injuries, including endoscopic or open approaches, is traditionally reserved for 2-tendon injuries with >2 cm of retraction, 3-tendon injuries, or injuries that do not improve with 6 months of nonoperative management. Acute surgical treatment of proximal hamstring injuries tends to be favorable. Distal hamstring injuries may initially be managed nonoperatively, although biceps femoris injuries are frequently managed surgically, and return to sport may be faster for semitendinosus injuries treated acutely with excision or tendon stripping in high-level athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Allahabadi
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis M Salazar
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Obianuju A Obioha
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas W Fenn
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shane J Nho
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Fenn TW, Brusalis CM, Allahabadi S, Alvero AB, Ebersole JW, Nho SJ. Association Between Proximal Hamstring Tear Characteristics and Achievement of Clinically Significant Outcomes After Endoscopic and Open Repair at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:390-400. [PMID: 38179612 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231216118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of preoperative tear characteristics and the relative efficacy of open versus endoscopic surgical techniques have not been elucidated for the surgical treatment of proximal hamstring tendon injuries. PURPOSE (1) To report on achievement rates of clinically significant outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up for multiple patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after surgical treatment of proximal hamstring injuries, stratified according to severity of proximal hamstring injury, and (2) to compare clinical outcomes associated with endoscopic versus open surgical repair for a subset of similarly classified tears. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A single-surgeon clinical registry was queried for patients who underwent surgical repair for proximal hamstring ruptures between January 2012 and March 2021. Injuries were classified by magnetic resonance imaging as follows: grade 1, incomplete tear with the involvement of 1 or 2 tendons; grade 2, complete tear with the involvement of 3 tendons and ≤2-cm retraction; and grade 3, complete tear with the involvement of 3 tendons and >2-cm retraction. The Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for multiple PROs was calculated and compared among injury grades and between surgical techniques. RESULTS Among 75 patients with a mean follow-up of 30.5 ± 5.1 months, 20 had grade 1 tears, 24 had grade 2 tears, and 31 had grade 3 tears. Favorable 2-year postoperative PROs were demonstrated by each grade for all measured PROs. Patients with grade 3 tears were noted to have significantly lower rates of 2-year PASS achievement for the Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific (HOS-SS) scales (P≤ .032). Among grade 2 tears, patients treated endoscopically demonstrated significantly greater HOS-SS (endoscopic, 91.7%; open, 58.3%; P = .045) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System for Physical Function (endoscopic, 80.0%; open, 50.0%; P = .033) PASS achievement rates compared with those treated with the open technique. Complication rates were highest in patients with grade 3 tears (45.2%, P = .043). CONCLUSION Surgical repair of proximal hamstring tendon tears with varying extents of tendon retraction resulted in high rates of achieving PASS at the 2-year follow-up. Among complete tears with <2 cm of retraction, endoscopic repairs exhibited equal or higher rates of achieving PASS compared with open repairs across multiple PROs at 2 years postoperatively. However, patients with complete tears and retraction >2 cm achieved lower rates of PASS on the HOS-ADL and HOS-SS scales and had a higher rate of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Fenn
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher M Brusalis
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sachin Allahabadi
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander B Alvero
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John W Ebersole
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shane J Nho
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Maier J, Clark E, Laskovski J. Repair of Retracted Hamstring Tears with Hamstring Pulley Technique and Inferomedial Portal. Arthrosc Tech 2023; 12:e2273-e2280. [PMID: 38196878 PMCID: PMC10773139 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic repair of hamstring tears is well described in the literature, but endoscopic management for significantly retracted hamstring tears is not well described. Currently, repairing a hamstring tendon that has retracted 8 cm or more from the footprint on the ischial tuberosity is performed as an open procedure. The technique described here details endoscopic repair of retracted hamstring tears using a suture pulley mechanism and an inferomedial portal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Maier
- Summa Health Department of Orthopedics, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Elliott Clark
- Crystal Clinic Orthopedic Center, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A
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Fenn TW, Timmermann AP, Brusalis CM, Kaplan DJ, Ebersole JW, Nho SJ. Clinical Outcomes After Open and Endoscopic Repair of Proximal Hamstring Tendon Tears at a Minimum Follow-up of 5 Years. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231209054. [PMID: 38021310 PMCID: PMC10668568 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231209054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current evidence supports favorable short-term clinical outcomes with few complications after surgical management of proximal hamstring injuries; however, the durability of clinical benefits beyond approximately 2 years after surgery is unknown. Purpose To evaluate patient-reported clinical outcomes and complication rates associated with open and endoscopic repair of proximal hamstring tears at minimum 5-year follow-up. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A single-surgeon registry of patients was queried between October 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, to identify patients who underwent open or endoscopic repair of a proximal hamstring tear. Patients who reported minimum 5-year follow-up data were included. Multiple patient-reported outcome measures, including the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Sports-Specific (HOS-SS) subscales, 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF) and Pain domains, along with surgical complications, were analyzed. Results Among 35 eligible patients (65.7% female; mean age, 52.3 ± 8.4 years), 24 had full-thickness tears and 11 had partial-thickness tears. There were 23 open repairs and 12 endoscopic repairs. Mean duration from symptom onset to surgical intervention was 37.9 weeks (range, 1.3-306.9 weeks). At a mean follow-up of 69.0 months (range, 60.0-95.0 months), mean postoperative outcome scores were as follows: HOS-ADL, 86.8 ± 12.7; HOS-SS, 83.1 ± 19.5; iHOT-12, 86.3 ± 14.9; PROMIS-PF, 50.0 ± 11.8; and PROMIS-Pain, 50.2 ± 7.9. Regarding complications, 28.6% of patients had a complication including persistent peri-incisional numbness (11.4%), wound infection (11.4%), postoperative neuropathy (8.6%), and revision surgery (2.9%). Conclusion Both open and endoscopic surgical techniques for repair of proximal hamstring injuries produced favorable patient-reported clinical outcomes at a minimum 5-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Fenn
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne P. Timmermann
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brusalis
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, NYU Langone Orthopaedic Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J. Kaplan
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthpaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - John W. Ebersole
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shane J. Nho
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hsu JC, Wilhelm CV. Endoscopic Proximal Hamstring Tendon Repair With Knotless Suture-Bridge Technique. Arthrosc Tech 2023; 12:e1737-e1745. [PMID: 37942091 PMCID: PMC10627846 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic proximal hamstring tendon tears are typically repaired surgically, with open incision and knot-tying technique. An endoscopic, knotless, suture-bridge repair technique is presented. Potential advantages include knotless simplicity, compression over a broad zone to improve tendon-bone healing, and decreased pain secondary to elimination of knots and the open incision and approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim C. Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Christopher V. Wilhelm
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
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Lawson JJ, Abraham EA, Imbergamo CM, Sequeira SB, Dreese JC, Gould HP. Systematic Review of Complications Associated With Proximal Hamstring Tendon Repair. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231199092. [PMID: 37781641 PMCID: PMC10536870 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231199092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although several complications of proximal hamstring tendon ruptures have been reported in the literature, few studies have comprehensively analyzed the complication profile of proximal hamstring tendon repair. Purpose To identify the overall rate of complications following proximal hamstring tendon repair and to differentiate these complications into categories. Study Design Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Included in this review were studies that examined surgical repair of proximal hamstring tendon ruptures; all studies were in English and had an evidence level of 4 or higher. No restrictions were made regarding publication date or methodological quality. Data regarding complications were extracted to calculate the overall complication rate as well as the rate of major and minor complications. A quantitative data synthesis was conducted using the chi-square test to compare the proportion of patients who experienced complications with the endoscopic versus open approach. Results A total of 43 articles including 2833 proximal hamstring tendon repairs were identified. The overall postoperative complication rate was 15.3% (n = 433). The rate of major complications was 4.6%, including a 1.7% rate of sciatic nerve injury, 0.8% rate of venous thromboembolism, 0.8% reoperation rate, 0.8% rerupture rate, and 0.4% rate of deep infection. Minor complications included a 2.4% rate of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve injury, 2.3% rate of persistent hamstring myopathy, 2.2% rate of persistent sitting pain, 1.8% rate of peri-incisional numbness, 1.1% rate of superficial infection, and 0.8% rate of hematoma/seroma. Conclusion Proximal hamstring tendon repair is associated with an overall complication rate of 15.3%, including a 4.6% rate of major complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Lawson
- MedStar Orthopaedic Institute, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliza A. Abraham
- MedStar Orthopaedic Institute, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey M. Imbergamo
- MedStar Orthopaedic Institute, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean B. Sequeira
- MedStar Orthopaedic Institute, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James C. Dreese
- MedStar Orthopaedic Institute, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heath P. Gould
- MedStar Orthopaedic Institute, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nasser A, Grimaldi A, Vicenzino B, Rio E, Rich A, Pizzari T, Semciw A. Towards development of a core outcome set in proximal hamstring tendinopathy - A systematic review of measurement instruments and their clinimetric properties. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2023; 66:102774. [PMID: 37247583 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find measurement instruments for proximal hamstring tendinopathy, map them to outcome domains, and evaluate their measurement properties. METHODS There were three phases. Phase one involved a search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTSDISCUS and PUBMED (February 2022) to identify measurement instruments used in proximal hamstring tendinopathy research. In phase two we mapped these measurement instruments to the International Tendinopathy Scientific Consensus (ICON) core outcome domains. The third phase involved conducting a second search (same databases/census date) to identify studies that evaluated measurement properties of measurement instruments in participants with proximal hamstring tendinopathy. Measurement properties were then evaluated following the Consensus-based-Standards for the Selection of Health Instruments methodology -including risk of bias assessment and synthesis of findings. RESULTS Twenty-eight different measurement instruments were identified in phase one. These were mapped to six of nine ICON domains in phase two. In phase three, there was only one instrument that had been evaluated for its measurement properties (4 studies, n = 302) - the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment - Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy (VISA-H). For the VISA-H there was moderate-quality evidence of sufficient construct validity, low-quality evidence of sufficient responsiveness, reliability and measurement error, very low-quality evidence of sufficient relevance and comprehensibility and very low-quality evidence of insufficient comprehensiveness. CONCLUSION The VISA-H - mapped to the ICON disability domain - is the only one of the 28 different measurement instruments identified that was validated in this population. Caution in applying it is warranted given it is supported by lower quality evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nasser
- University of Technology, Graduate School of Health, Australia; La Trobe University, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, Australia.
| | - Alison Grimaldi
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Bill Vicenzino
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Ebonie Rio
- La Trobe University, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, Australia
| | - Aidan Rich
- La Trobe University, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, Australia
| | - Tania Pizzari
- La Trobe University, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, Australia
| | - Adam Semciw
- La Trobe University, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, Australia; Allied Health, Northern Health, Victoria, Australia
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Brusalis CM, Fenn TW, Larson JH, Hapa O, Nho SJ. All-Endoscopic Modified Krackow Suture for Proximal Hamstring Repair. Arthrosc Tech 2023; 12:e1473-e1478. [PMID: 37654879 PMCID: PMC10466428 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair of proximal hamstring injuries can relieve pain and restore lower extremity function in active individuals. Whereas traditional surgical techniques are performed via an open approach, more recent endoscopic proximal hamstring repair techniques have proven safe, effective, and potentially associated with fewer complications than open repair. One theorized disadvantage of existing endoscopic techniques is reduced security at the suture-tendon interface, as compared to open surgery, during which a running suture technique, such as a Krackow stitch, may be employed. In this article, we present a technique for increasing suture purchase by performing an all-endoscopic, running, locking stitch during proximal hamstring repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Brusalis
- Department of Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Thomas W. Fenn
- Department of Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Jordan H. Larson
- Department of Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Onur Hapa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shane J. Nho
- Department of Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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Capurro B, Fenn TW, Kaplan DJ, Larson JH, Nho SJ. Endoscopic Partial Proximal Hamstring Repair. Arthrosc Tech 2023; 12:e1075-e1081. [PMID: 37533921 PMCID: PMC10390821 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contemporary treatment of hamstring avulsions has been evolving, as more patients are being identified as having persistently symptomatic partial hamstring tears recalcitrant to nonoperative treatment. The endoscopic hamstring repair allows surgeons improved visualization of the footprint, as well as safe dissection of the sciatic nerve. The present technique article provides a step-by-step technical note to allow for safe and effective surgical treatment of partial hamstring tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Capurro
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Instituto Musculoesquelético Europeo, IMSKE, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas W. Fenn
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Daniel J. Kaplan
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Jordan H. Larson
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Shane J. Nho
- Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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Carbone AD, Saeed SK, Perez-Padilla PA, Domb BG. Fixation of the Proximal Hamstring Tendon Using an All-Suture Tensionable Knotless Technique. Arthrosc Tech 2023; 12:e1241-e1246. [PMID: 37533908 PMCID: PMC10391563 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal hamstring injuries are a common sports and recreational injury among the active patient population. Surgical fixation of the tendons of the hamstring muscle complex, as opposed to conservative treatment alone, has shown improved patient outcomes, prompting the evolution of the suture anchors utilized in these repairs. Previous studies investigating the biomechanical properties of hamstring repair anchors have focused on double-row knotless techniques, in which the fixation of the overall construct relies on each individual anchor to maintain fixation. While these constructs have demonstrated biomechanical strength and clinical durability, each suture anchor represents a potential point of failure for the entire construct due to the crossed stitch anchor configuration. To address this limitation, recent tensionable knotless all-suture anchor designs have been implemented with success due to their smaller size and biomechanical strength. The aim of this technical note is, thus, to describe a technique for proximal hamstring repair using a tensionable knotless all-suture anchor construct that has 5 independent mattress sutures and, in doing so, employs the biomechanical strength of knotless fixation but eliminates the potential single point of failure seen with current knotless suture anchor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Carbone
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Sheema K. Saeed
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | | | - Benjamin G. Domb
- American Hip Institute Research Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
- American Hip Institute, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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Looney AM, Day HK, Comfort SM, Donaldson ST, Cohen SB. Proximal Hamstring Ruptures: Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Return to Play. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2023; 16:103-113. [PMID: 36757628 PMCID: PMC9943812 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To assess the current literature surrounding the treatment and rehabilitation strategies surrounding proximal hamstring rupture injuries, along with comparative return to sport and patient-reported outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS A high degree of variability exists in protective and rehabilitation strategies after both operative and non-operative proximal hamstring rupture management. Acceptable outcomes after both operative and non-operative management have been observed but may vary greatly with injury chronicity, severity, and surgical technique. The high complication rates observed after surgical treatment, along with poor functional outcomes that may occur in the setting of non-operative treatment or delayed surgery, highlight the importance of early injury evaluation and careful patient selection. Further high-quality research elucidating clearer indications for early operative management and an optimized and standardized rehabilitation protocols may improve outcomes and return to sport experience and metrics for individuals sustaining proximal hamstring ruptures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Looney
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Sports Medicine Division, 925 Chestnut St Fl 5, Philadelphia, PA 19107-4216 USA
| | - Hannah K. Day
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | | | | | - Steven B. Cohen
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Sports Medicine Division, 925 Chestnut St Fl 5, Philadelphia, PA 19107-4216 USA
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Jokela A, Stenroos A, Kosola J, Valle X, Lempainen L. A systematic review of surgical intervention in the treatment of hamstring tendon ruptures: current evidence on the impact on patient outcomes. Ann Med 2022; 54:978-988. [PMID: 35416097 PMCID: PMC9009934 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2059560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamstring injuries are among the most common muscle injuries. They have been reported in many different sports, such as running, soccer, track and field, rugby, and waterskiing. However, they are also present among the general population. Most hamstring injuries are mild strains, but also moderate and severe injuries occur. Hamstring injuries usually occur in rapid movements involving eccentric demands of the posterior thigh. Sprinting has been found to mainly affect the isolated proximal biceps femoris, whereas stretching-type injuries most often involve an isolated proximal injury of the semimembranosus muscle. The main cause of severe 2- or 3-tendon avulsion is a rapid forceful hip flexion with the ipsilateral knee extended. Most hamstring injuries are treated non-surgically with good results. However, there are also clear indications for surgical treatment, such as severe 2- or 3-tendon avulsions. In athletes, more aggressive recommendations concerning surgical treatment can be found. For a professional athlete, a proximal isolated tendon avulsion with clear retraction should be treated operatively regardless of the injured tendon. Surgical treatment has been found to have good results in severe injuries, especially if the avulsion injury is repaired in acute phase. In chronic hamstring injuries and recurring ruptures, the anatomical apposition of the retracted muscles is more difficult to be achieved. This review article analyses the outcomes of surgical treatment of hamstring ruptures. The present study confirms the previous knowledge that surgical treatment of hamstring tendon injuries causes good results with high satisfaction rates, both in complete and partial avulsions. Early surgical repair leads to better functional results with lower complication rates, especially in complete avulsions.KEY MESSAGEsSurgical treatment of hamstring tendon ruptures leads to high satisfaction and return to sport rates.Both complete and partial hamstring tendon ruptures have better results after acute surgical repair, when compared to cases treated surgically later.Athletes with hamstring tendon ruptures should be treated more aggressively with operative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Jokela
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Stenroos
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Kosola
- Department of Surgery, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Xavier Valle
- Medical Department, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Shore B. Editorial Commentary: Endoscopic Proximal Hamstring Repair Is Safe and Effective for Refractory Tendinosis and Partial Tears: "Pain in the Butt" Has an Endoscopic Solution! Arthroscopy 2021; 37:3286-3287. [PMID: 34740406 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While surgical treatment of acute proximal hamstring ruptures is well understood to be the best treatment option for many patients, treatment of chronic proximal hamstring pathology has lagged, with most management consisting of conservative options: rest, ice, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, shock-wave therapy, and injections such as corticosteroids and platelet-rich plasma. However, recent research shows that endoscopic repair of chronic proximal hamstring pathology is safe and effective for treating this pathology at short-term follow-up, with high rates of return to activity and patient satisfaction. This presents an appealing treatment option for patients with refractory proximal hamstring pathology, as well as a technique for repairing acute, full-thickness tears. With attention to detail, complication rates are low for endoscopic treatment of both acute and chronic proximal hamstring pathology.
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