1
|
Matsumura Y, Maruyama M, Ntonifor NN, Beutel RG. A new species of Zoraptera, Zorotypuskomatsui sp. nov. from Cameroon and a redescription of Zorotypusvinsoni Paulian, 1951 (Polyneoptera, Zoraptera). Zookeys 2023; 1178:39-59. [PMID: 37692914 PMCID: PMC10492039 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of the order Zoraptera, Zorotypuskomatsui Matsumura, Maruyama, Ntonifor & Beutel, sp. nov., is described from Cameroon. The female and male morphology of another species, Z.vinsoni, is re-described, and its new distribution in Madagascar is recorded. A particular focus is on the male postabdominal morphology. This is apparently a crucial body region in the very small order with an extreme variation of the genital apparatus but otherwise a very uniform morphology. The male of the newly described species shares rudimentary male genitalia and well-developed postabdominal projections with the distantly related Spermozorosimpolitus, apparently a result of parallel evolution. Whether males of Z.komatsui also perform external sperm transfer like S.impolitus remains to be shown. The collecting of the material used for this study suggests that the present knowledge of zorapteran species diversity of the Afrotropical region is very fragmentary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Systematic Entomology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Munetoshi Maruyama
- The Kyushu University Museum, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka, 812–8581, JapanThe Kyushu University MuseumFukuokaJapan
| | - Nelson N. Ntonifor
- Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, CameroonUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | - Rolf G. Beutel
- Entomology Group, Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, GermanyFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaJenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Guo X, Feng Y, Zhang L, Wang M, Li Y, Mao J. Morphology of the male reproductive system and sperm ultrastructure of the green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). BMC ZOOL 2023; 8:15. [PMID: 37641154 PMCID: PMC10464168 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-023-00175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysopa pallens is one of the most beneficial and effective natural predators, and is famous for its extensive distribution, wide prey spectrum, and excellent reproductive performance. This study examined the anatomy and fine structure of the C. pallens reproductive system and spermatogenesis. RESULTS The male reproductive system of C. pallens comprises a pair of testes, a vas deferens, seminal vesicles, accessory glands, and short ejaculatory ducts. The testes were already mature on the day of emergence, but the accessory glands did not mature until 5 days post-emergence. In early spermatids, the flagellum had an axoneme on one side of the two mitochondrial derivatives. The nucleus was surrounded by parallel crystalline and paracrystalline materials. The spermatid envelope extends towards the paracrystalline material in a tail-shaped wing. In mature spermatids, the axoneme is located between the two accessory bodies and mitochondrial derivative sets. The parallel-crystalline and paracrystalline materials disappeared. In the testes, the wall of seminal cysts consists of a layer of epithelium, a muscular-connective sheath, and several vesicles of different sizes. The mature seminal cysts contained 128 spermatozoa. The accessory gland is composed of six parts: ventral papilla-like protuberance, anterior glandular lobe, lateral glandular lobe, seminal cyst, posterior kidney-shaped lobe, and posterior papilla-like protuberance. Muscle fibers and secretory granules are extensive. CONCLUSIONS This study provides information on the reproductive system of C. pallens and offers a resource for taxonomy and reproductive biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xingkai Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yanjiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Natural Enemy Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsumura Y, Lima SP, Rafael JA, Câmara JT, Beutel RG, Gorb SN. Distal leg structures of Zoraptera - did the loss of adhesive devices curb the chance of diversification? ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2022; 68:101164. [PMID: 35468454 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The distal leg structures of Zoraptera are documented and discussed with respect to their functional morphology and evolutionary aspects. We investigated eight species using scanning electron microscopy. We analyzed material compositions of the tarsus in three representative species using confocal laser scanning microscopy. When possible, we included both sexes, wing morphs, and nymphs and compared the structures among them. The distal leg structure is unusually uniform across zorapterans regardless of the sex, morphs, and developmental stages. The observed features combine simplification with innovation. The former is likely partially correlated with cryptic microhabitats and miniaturization. Innovation includes a protibial cleaning organ. This is very likely an autapomorphy of Zoraptera. The tarsi are composed of two tarsomeres covered with setae. The pretarsus distally bears an unguitractor plate and well-sclerotized claws. The tarsomeres appear less-sclerotized than the covering setae. The articulation between the basitarsus and tarsomere 2 is hinge-like, implying that tarsomere 2 moves only mediolaterally. The simplified and specialized tarsal morphology is likely suitable for the typical zorapteran microhabitat, under bark. However, the irreversible complete loss of adhesive devices prevented zorapterans to make use of a broader spectrum of environments and was presumably one reason for the species paucity of the group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sheila P Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - José A Rafael
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Rolf G Beutel
- Entomology Group, Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reis AB, Salazar K, Folly C, Cossolin JFS, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Morphology of the male reproductive tract and spermatozoa of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). ZOOL ANZ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Molecular Phylogeny and Infraordinal Classification of Zoraptera (Insecta). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11010051. [PMID: 31940956 PMCID: PMC7023341 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Zoraptera is a small and predominantly tropical insect order with an unresolved higher classification due to the extremely uniform external body morphology. We, therefore, conducted a multigene molecular phylogeny of extant Zoraptera and critically re-evaluated their morphological characters in order to propose a natural infraordinal classification. We recovered a highly-resolved phylogeny with two main clades representing major evolutionary lineages in Zoraptera, for which we propose family ranks. The two families exhibit striking differences in male genitalia and reproductive strategies. Each family contains two subclades (subfamilies) supported by several morphological synapomorphies including the relative lengths of the basal antennomeres, the number and position of metatibial spurs, and the structure of male genitalia. The newly proposed higher classification of Zoraptera includes the family Zorotypidae stat. revid. with Zorotypinae Silvestri, 1913 (Zorotypus stat. revid., Usazoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993 stat. restit.) and Spermozorinae subfam. nov. (Spermozoros gen. nov.), and Spriralizoridae fam. nov. with Spiralizorinae subfam. nov. (Spiralizoros gen. nov., Scapulizoros gen. nov., Cordezoros gen. nov., Centrozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit., Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.), and Latinozorinae subfam. nov. (Latinozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.). An identification key and morphological diagnoses for all supraspecific taxa are provided.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lyu QH, Zhang BB, Hua BZ. Ultrastructure and function of the seminal vesicle of Bittacidae (Insecta: Mecoptera). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2018; 47:173-179. [PMID: 29425772 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fine structure of the seminal vesicle and reproductive accessory glands was investigated in Bittacidae of Mecoptera using light and transmission electron microscopy. The male reproductive system of Bittacidae mainly consists of a pair of testes, a pair of vasa deferentia, and an ejaculatory sac. The vas deferens is greatly expanded for its middle and medio-posterior parts to form a well-developed seminal vesicle. The seminal vesicle is composed of layers of developed muscles and a mono-layered epithelium surrounding the small central lumen. The epithelium is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and secretes vesicles and granules into the central lumen by merocrine mechanisms. A pair of elongate mesodermal accessory glands opens into the lateral side of the seminal vesicles. The accessory glands are similar to the seminal vesicle in structure, also consisting of layers of muscle fibres and a mono-layered elongated epithelium, the cells of which contain numerous cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and a few Golgi complexes. The epithelial cells of accessory glands extrude secretions via apocrine and merocrine processes. The seminal vesicles mainly serve the function of secretion rather than temporarily storing spermatozoa. The sperm instead are temporarily stored in the epididymis, the greatly coiled distal portion of the vas deferens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lyu QH, Hua BZ. Ultrastructure of male accessory glands in the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931) (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:627-634. [PMID: 28435074 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of male reproductive accessory glands was investigated in the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931) (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) using light and transmission electron microscopy. The male accessory glands comprise one pair of mesodermal glands (mesadenia) and six pairs of ectodermal glands (ectadenia). The former opens into the vasa deferentia and the latter into the ejaculatory sac. The mesadenia consist of a mono-layered elongated columnar epithelium, the cells of which are highly microvillated and extrude secretory granules by means of merocrine mechanisms. The epithelium of ectadenia consists of two types of cells: the large secretory cells and the thin duct-forming cells. These two types of cells that join with a cuticular duct constitute a functional glandular unit, corresponding to the class III glandular cell type of Noirot and Quennedey. The cuticular duct consists of a receiving canal and a conducting canal. The secretory granules were taken up by the receiving canal and then plunged into the lumen through the conducting canal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Education Ministry, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dallai R, Mercati D, Mashimo Y, Machida R, Beutel RG. The morphology and ultrastructure of salivary glands of Zoraptera (Insecta). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:508-517. [PMID: 28189833 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands of two species of Zoraptera, Zorotypus caudelli and Zorotypus hubbardi, were examined and documented mainly using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results obtained for males and females of the two species are compared and functional aspects related to ultrastructural features are discussed. The salivary glands are divided into two regions: the secretory cell region and the long efferent duct, the latter with its distal end opening in the salivarium below the hypopharyngeal base. The secretory region consists of a complex of secretory cells provided with microvillated cavities connected by short ectodermal ducts to large ones, which are connected with the long efferent duct. The secretory cell cytoplasm contains a large system of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus producing numerous dense secretions. The cells of the efferent duct, characterized by reduced cytoplasm and the presence of long membrane infoldings associated with mitochondria, are possibly involved in fluid uptaking from the duct lumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - D Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Y Mashimo
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - R Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan.
| | - R G Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, FSU Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dallai R, Mercati D, Mashimo Y, Machida R, Beutel RG. The fine structure of the rectal pads of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera, Insecta). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2016; 45:380-388. [PMID: 27368527 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rectal pads of a species of the controversial polyneopteran order Zoraptera were examined using histological sections and TEM micrographs. Six pads are present along the thin rectal epithelium. Each pad consists of a few large principal cells surrounded by flattened junctional cells, which extend also beneath the principal cells. The cells are lined by a thin apical cuticle. No basal cells and no cavity have been observed beneath the pad. Principal cells have a regular layer of apical microvilli and are joined by intercellular septate junctions, which are interrupted by short dilatations of the intercellular space. At these levels the two adjacent plasma membranes are joined by short zonulae adhaerentes. In the cytoplasm, a rich system of strict associations between lateral plasma membranes and mitochondria forms scalariform junctions. Rectal pads share ultrastructural features with similar excretory organs of several neopteran groups, in particular with Blattodea (roaches and termites) and Thysanoptera, and are involved in fluid reabsorption and ion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - D Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro 2, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Y Mashimo
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano 386-2204, Japan
| | - R Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Nagano 386-2204, Japan
| | - R G Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, FSU Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gottardo M, Dallai R, Mercati D, Hörnschemeyer T, Beutel RG. The evolution of insect sperm − an unusual character system in a megadiverse group. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences; Università degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences; Università degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
| | - David Mercati
- Department of Life Sciences; Università degli Studi di Siena; Siena Italy
| | | | - Rolf Georg Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dallai R, Gottardo M, Beutel RG. Structure and Evolution of Insect Sperm: New Interpretations in the Age of Phylogenomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 61:1-23. [PMID: 26982436 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the structure of sperm in all orders of insects evaluates phylogenetic implications, with the background of a phylogeny based on transcriptomes. Sperm characters strongly support several major branches of the phylogeny of insects-for instance, Cercophora, Dicondylia, and Psocodea-and also different infraordinal groups. Some closely related taxa, such as Trichoptera and Lepidoptera (Amphiesmenoptera), differ greatly in sperm structure. Sperm characters are very conservative in some groups (Heteroptera, Odonata) but highly variable in others, including Zoraptera, a small and morphologically uniform group with a tremendously accelerated rate of sperm evolution. Unusual patterns such as sperm dimorphism, the formation of bundles, or aflagellate and immotile sperm have evolved independently in several groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; ,
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; ,
| | - Rolf Georg Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mashimo Y, Beutel RG, Dallai R, Gottardo M, Lee CY, Machida R. The morphology of the eggs of three species of Zoraptera (Insecta). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2015; 44:656-666. [PMID: 26431636 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The egg structure of Zorotypus magnicaudelli, Zorotypus hubbardi and Zorotypus impolitus was examined and described in detail. Major characteristics of zorapteran eggs previously reported were confirmed in these species, with the partial exception of Z. impolitus: 1) a pair of micropyles at the equator of the egg's ventral side, 2) a honeycomb pattern on the egg surface, 3) a two-layered chorion, 4) micropylar canals running laterally, 5) a flap covering the inner opening of the micropylar canal and 6) no region specialized for hatching. These features are probably part of the groundplan of the order. Three groups (A-C) and two subgroups (A1 and A2) of Zoraptera can be distinguished based on characters of the reproductive apparatus including eggs. However, information for more species is needed for a reliable interpretation of the complex and apparently fast evolving character system. The egg of Z. impolitus presumably shows apomorphic characteristics not occurring in other species, a chorion without layered construction and polygonal surface compartments with different sculptures on the dorsal and ventral sides of the egg. Another feature found in this species, distinct enlargement of the micropyles, is also found in Z. hubbardi. The increased micropylar size is likely correlated with the giant spermatozoa produced by males of these two species. These two features combined with the large size of the spermatheca are arguably a complex synapomorphy of Z. hubbardi and Z. impolitus. The phylogenetic placement of Zoraptera is discussed based on the egg structure. A clade of Zoraptera + Eukinolabia appears most plausible, but the issue remains an open question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Mashimo
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen 1278-294, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan.
| | - Rolf G Beutel
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen 1278-294, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dias G, Lino-Neto J, Dallai R. The sperm ultrastructure of Stictoleptura cordigera (Füssli, 1775) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Tissue Cell 2014; 47:73-7. [PMID: 25554604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The spermatozoa of the longhorn beetles Stictoleptura cordigera were ultrastructurally described in this paper. They have an apical bilayered acrosome, an elongated nucleus, a centriole with star-shape links, two asymmetric mitochondrial derivatives partially crystallized and a 9+9+2 flagellar axoneme with accessory tubules provided with 16 protofilaments in their wall. A centriole adjunct is present and gives rise to two thick laminae as accessory bodies, also asymmetrical, to which two relatively small puff-like structures of different size are connected. These features were previously found in the sperm of the cerambycid Morimus asper. The strict similarity of the cerambycid sperm characters with those of curculionoids indicates a clear phylogenetic relationship between Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Dias
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, UFV, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - José Lino-Neto
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, UFV, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Romano Dallai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dallai R, Gottardo M, Mercati D, Rafael JA, Machida R, Mashimo Y, Matsumura Y, Beutel RG. The intermediate sperm type and genitalia of Zorotypus shannoni Gurney: evidence supporting infraordinal lineages in Zoraptera (Insecta). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-014-0244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Dallai R. Overview on spermatogenesis and sperm structure of Hexapoda. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:257-290. [PMID: 24732045 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The main characteristics of the sperm structure of Hexapoda are reported in the review. Data are dealing with the process of spermatogenesis, including the aberrant models giving rise to a reduced number of sperm cells. The sperm heteromorphism and the giant sperm exceeding the usual sperm size for length and width are considered. The characteristics of several components of a typical insect sperm are described: the plasma membrane and its glycocalyx, the nucleus, the centriole region and the centriole adjunct, the accessory bodies, the mitochondrial derivatives and the flagellar axoneme. Finally, a detailed description of the main sperm features of each hexapodan group is given with emphasis on the flagellar components considered to have great importance in phylogenetic considerations. This study may be also useful to those requiring an introduction to hexapod reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Matsumura Y, Yoshizawa K, Machida R, Mashimo Y, Dallai R, Gottardo M, Kleinteich T, Michels J, Gorb SN, Beutel RG. Two intromittent organs inZorotypus caudelli(Insecta, Zoraptera): the paradoxical coexistence of an extremely long tube and a large spermatophore. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Entomology Group; Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Erbertstrasse 1 D-07743 Jena Germany
| | - Kazunori Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Systematic Entomology; Department of Ecology and Systematics; Graduate School of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-8589 Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center; University of Tsukuba; Nagano 386-2204 Japan
| | - Yuta Mashimo
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center; University of Tsukuba; Nagano 386-2204 Japan
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences; Via A. Moro 2 I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Marco Gottardo
- Department of Life Sciences; Via A. Moro 2 I-53100 Siena Italy
| | - Thomas Kleinteich
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics; Institute of Zoology; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Am Botanischen Garten 1-9 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Michels
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics; Institute of Zoology; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Am Botanischen Garten 1-9 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics; Institute of Zoology; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Am Botanischen Garten 1-9 D-24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Rolf G. Beutel
- Entomology Group; Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Erbertstrasse 1 D-07743 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|