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A Proof-of-Concept Preclinical Study Using a Novel Thermal Insulation Device in a Porcine Kidney Auto-Transplantation Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213806. [PMID: 36430283 PMCID: PMC9697795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a fundamental problem during organ transplantation logistics. One key technical factor is the rapid allograft rewarming during the time of vascular reconstruction in the recipient. In this pilot study, a new thermal insulation bag (TIB) for organ transplantation was used. Insulation capacity, tissue compatibility, and usability were tested initially ex vivo on porcine kidneys (n = 24) followed by the first in vivo usage. Fourteen female German landrace pigs underwent kidney auto-transplantation after 24 h cold storage (4 °C). During the implantation process the kidney was either insulated with the new TIB, or it was not thermo-protected at all, which represents the clinical standard. In this proof-of-concept study, the usability (knife-to-skin-time) and the general thermal capacity (30 min warm storage at 38 °C ex vivo p < 0.001) was shown. The clinical outcome showed significant differences in the determination of CRP and pi-GST levels. Syndecan-1 Antibody staining showed clear significant higher counts in the control group (p < 0.01) indicating epithelial damage. However, the effect on renal outcomes in not severely pre-damaged kidneys does not appear to be conclusively significant. A close follow-up study is warranted, especially in the context of marginal organs or in cases where anastomosis-times are prolonged due to surgical complexity (e.g., multiple vessels and complex reconstructions).
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de Sousa SG, Nascimento da Silva GV, Costa Rodrigues AM, Meireles Fernandes da Silva TM, Costa FC, Freitas Teixeira da Silva A, Santana de Macedo BF, Brito MVH. Organ Preservation Solutions in Transplantation: A Literature Review. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:511-521. [PMID: 33797354 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2020.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal transplant with ABO-incompatible donors expands the donor pool. Earlier studies have focused the use of protocol biopsies in ABOincompatible transplant patients. Our study described outcomes of indication (for cause) renal biopsies and clinical outcomes in patients with ABO-incompatible renal transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 164 patients from January 2012 to June 2019. Biochemical parameters, serial immunoglobulin G anti-ABO titers, and class I and II donor-specific antibody findings were obtained from hospital records, and renal graft biopsies were reviewed according to the Banff 2017 update. RESULTS We analyzed the results of 65 biopsies from 54 patients. Biopsy-proven acute antibody-mediated rejection (12.8%) was found to be more prevalent than acute cellular rejection (1.8%). Patients with antibodymediated rejection all had microvascular inflammation (g+ptc score of 2 or more, where g+ptc is the sum of the glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis scores) and were positive for C4d. Acute tubular injury per se was seen in 10.3% of patients; 65% of these patients had C4d positivity in peritubular capillaries, and only 1 patient developed chronic active antibody-mediated rejection on follow-up. Patient and death-censored graft survival rates were 92% and 98% at 1 year after transplant and 88% and 91% at 3 years, respectively. Patients with an episode of antibody-mediated rejection had lower rates of patient (76.5%) and deathcensored graft survival (84.6%) at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS The microvascular inflammation score (g+ptc score of 2 or higher) is more reliable than diffuse C4d positivity to determine antibody-mediated rejection in ABO-incompatible transplants because diffuse C4d positivity may also be seen in etiologies unrelated to antibody-mediated rejection. Acute tubular injury with C4d positivity without microvascular injury does not confirm antibody-mediated rejection. We suggest that Banff classification be updated in ABOincompatible transplants to include diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection.
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A novel histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate formulation ameliorates intestinal injury in a cold storage and ex vivo warm oxygenated reperfusion model in rats. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222289. [PMID: 32129456 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aims to evaluate protective effects of a novel histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution (HTK-N) and to investigate positive impacts of an additional luminal preservation route in cold storage-induced injury on rat small bowels. METHODS Male Lewis rats were utilized as donors of small bowel grafts. Vascular or vascular plus luminal preservation were conducted with HTK or HTK-N and grafts were stored at 4°C for 8 h followed by ex vivo warm oxygenated reperfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 30 min. Afterwards, intestinal tissue and portal vein effluent samples were collected for evaluation of morphological alterations, mucosal permeability and graft vitality. RESULTS The novel HTK-N decreased ultrastructural alterations but otherwise presented limited effect on protecting small bowel from ischemia-reperfusion injury in vascular route. However, the additional luminal preservation led to positive impacts on the integrity of intestinal mucosa and vitality of goblet cells. In addition, vascular plus luminal preservation route with HTK significantly protected the intestinal tissue from edema. CONCLUSION HTK-N protected the intestinal mucosal structure and graft vitality as a luminal preservation solution. Additional luminal preservation route in cold storage was shown to be promising.
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Smit JHA, Leonardi EP, Chaves RHDF, Furlaneto IP, da Silva CMS, Abib SDCV, Góes AMDO. Image-guided study of swine anatomy as a tool for urologic surgery research and training. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 35:e351208. [PMID: 33503221 PMCID: PMC7819699 DOI: 10.1590/acb351208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the anatomy of the swine urinary system using computed tomography and to discuss the role of this animal as an experimental model for urological procedures. METHODS Three male Landrace pigs underwent computed tomography and the anatomy of the urinary system and renal circulation was analyzed and described. RESULTS In all animals, 2 kidneys, 2 ureters and one bladder were identified. Each kidney presented a single renal artery vascularization, with a mean diameter on the right of 4.45 and 5.31 mm on the left (p < 0.0001) and single renal vein drainage, with a mean diameter on the right of 5.78 and 5.82 mm on the left (p = 0.0336). The average renal length was 9.85 cm on the right and 10.30 cm on the left (p < 0.0001). The average renal volume was 113.70 cm3 on the right and 109.70 cm3 on the left (p < 0.0001). The average length of the ureter was 19.78 cm on the right and 22.08 cm on the left (p < 0.0001). The average bladder volume was 423.70 cm3. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained show similarities with human anatomy, suggesting the viability of the swine model for planning preclinical trials, basic research, refinement in experimental surgery and surgical training for urological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Piotto Leonardi
- MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, School of
Medicine, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ismari Perini Furlaneto
- PhD, Grupo de Pesquisa Experimental, Centro Universitário do Estado
do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | - Cezar Massoud Salame da Silva
- MSc, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, School of
Medicine, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém-PA, Brazil
| | | | - Adenauer Marinho de Oliveira Góes
- PhD, Full Professor, Department of Vascular Surgery, Grupo de
Pesquisa Experimental, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém-PA,
Brazil
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Li S, Huang Z, Li X, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Wen Y, Luo H, Wang L, Guan Q, Cafeeva I, Brooks DE, Nguan CYC, Kizhakkedathu JN, Du C. Evaluation of hyperbranched polyglycerol for cold perfusion and storage of donor kidneys in a pig model of kidney autotransplantation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:853-863. [PMID: 33098184 PMCID: PMC8246781 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) is a biocompatible polyether polymer that is a potential colloid component in a preservation solution for suppressing interstitial edema during cold storage of a donor organ. This study evaluated the outcomes of kidney transplants after cold perfusion and storage with a HPG‐based preservation solution (HPGS) in a pig model of kidney autotransplantation. The left kidneys of farm pigs (weighing 35–45 kg) were perfused with and stored in either cold HPGS or standard UW solution (UWS), followed by transplantation to the right side after right nephrectomy. The survival and function of transplants were determined by the urine output, and serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of recipients. Transplant injury was examined by histological analysis. Here, we showed that there was no significant difference between HPGS and UWS in the prevention of tissue edema, but HPGS was more effective than UWS for initial blood washout of kidney perfusion and for the prevention of cold ischemia injury during cold storage. After autotransplantation, the kidneys preserved with HPGS (HPG group) had better functional recovery than those with UWS (UW group), indicated by significantly more urine output and lower levels of SCr and BUN. The survived grafts in HPG group had less tissue damage than those in UW group. In conclusion, as compared to the UWS the HPGS has less negative impact on kidney cold ischemia during cold storage, resulting in improving immediate functional recovery after transplantation, suggesting that HPG is a promising colloid for donor kidney preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Li
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhongli Huang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Youguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wen
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiunong Guan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Irina Cafeeva
- Centre for Blood Research, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donald E Brooks
- Centre for Blood Research, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Y C Nguan
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mohr A, Brockmann JG, Becker F. HTK-N: Modified Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Solution-A Promising New Tool in Solid Organ Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186468. [PMID: 32899772 PMCID: PMC7555843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To ameliorate ischemia-induced graft injury, optimal organ preservation remains a critical hallmark event in solid organ transplantation. Although numerous preservation solutions are in use, they still have functional limitations. Here, we present a concise review of a modified Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution, named HTK-N. Its composition differs from standard HTK solution, carrying larger antioxidative capacity and providing inherent toxicity as well as improved tolerance to cold aiming to attenuate cold storage injury in organ transplantation. The amino acids glycine, alanine and arginine were supplemented, N-acetyl-histidine partially replaced histidine, and aspartate and lactobionate substituted chloride. Several in vitro studies confirmed the superiority of HTK-N in comparison to HTK, being tested in vivo in animal models for liver, kidney, pancreas, small bowel, heart and lung transplantation to adjust ingredients for required conditions, as well as to determine its innocuousness, applicability and potential advantages. HTK-N solution has proven to be advantageous especially in the preservation of liver and heart grafts in vivo and in vitro. Thus, ongoing clinical trials and further studies in large animal models and consequently in humans are inevitable to show its ability minimizing ischemia-induced graft injury in the sequel of organ transplantation.
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Wang L, Wei J, Jiang S, Li HH, Fu L, Zhang J, Liu R. Effects of different storage solutions on renal ischemia tolerance after kidney transplantation in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F381-F387. [PMID: 29141940 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00475.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
storage is the most prevalent method for graft preservation in kidney transplantation (KTX). The protective effects of various preservation solutions have been studied extensively in both clinical trials and experimental animal models. However, a paucity of studies have examined the effect of different preservation solutions on graft function in mouse KTX; in addition, the tolerance of the transplanted grafts to further insult has not been evaluated, which was the objective of the present study. We performed mouse KTX in three groups, with the donor kidneys preserved in different solutions for 60 min: saline, mouse serum, and University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. The graft functions were assessed by kidney injury markers and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The grafts that were preserved in UW solution exhibited better functions, reflected by 50 and 70% lower plasma creatinine levels as well as 30 and 55% higher plasma creatinine levels in GFR than serum and saline groups, respectively, during the first week after transplants. To examine the graft function in response to additional insult, we induced ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by clamping the renal pedicle for 18 min at 4 wk after KTX. We found that the grafts preserved in UW solution exhibited ~30 and 20% less injury assessed by kidney injury markers and histology than in other two preservation solutions. Taken together, our results demonstrated that UW solution exhibited a better protective effect in transplanted renal grafts in mice. UW solution is recommended for use in mouse KTX for reducing confounding factors such as IRI during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Liying Fu
- Tampa General Hospital , Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
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Golriz M, Abbasi S, Fathi P, Majlesara A, Brenner T, Mehrabi A. Does acid-base equilibrium correlate with remnant liver volume during stepwise liver resection? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28642298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00110.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Small for size and flow syndrome (SFSF) is one of the most challenging complications following extended hepatectomy (EH). After EH, hepatic artery flow decreases and portal vein flow increases per 100 g of remnant liver volume (RLV). This causes hypoxia followed by metabolic acidosis. A correlation between acidosis and posthepatectomy liver failure has been postulated but not studied systematically in a large animal model or clinical setting. In our study, we performed stepwise liver resections on nine pigs to defined SFSF limits as follows: step 1: segment II/III resection, step 2: segment IV resection, step 3: segment V/VIII resection (RLV: 75, 50, and 25%, respectively). Blood gas values were measured before and after each step using four catheters inserted into the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hepatic artery, and portal vein. The pH, [Formula: see text], and base excess (BE) decreased, but [Formula: see text] values increased after 75% resection in the portal and jugular veins. EH correlated with reduced BE in the hepatic artery. Pco2 values increased after 75% resection in the jugular vein. In contrast, arterial Po2 increased after every resection, whereas the venous Po2 decreased slightly. There were differences in venous [Formula: see text], BE in the hepatic artery, and Pco2 in the jugular vein after 75% liver resection. Because 75% resection is the limit for SFSF, these noninvasive blood evaluations may be used to predict SFSF. Further studies with long-term follow-up are required to validate this correlation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate acid-base parameters in major central and hepatic vessels during stepwise liver resection. The pH, [Formula: see text], and base excess (BE) decreased, but [Formula: see text] values increased after 75% resection in the portal and jugular veins. Extended hepatectomy correlated with reduced BE in the hepatic artery. Because 75% resection is the limit for small for size and flow syndrome (SFSF), postresection blood gas evaluations may be used to predict SFSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golriz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Sepehr Abbasi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Parham Fathi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Ali Majlesara
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
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