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Quan X, Liang X, Li H, Xie C, He W, Qin Y. Identification and Characterization of Wheat Germplasm for Salt Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:268. [PMID: 33573193 PMCID: PMC7911706 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the limiting factors of wheat production worldwide. A total of 334 internationally derived wheat genotypes were employed to identify new germplasm resources for salt tolerance breeding. Salt stress caused 39, 49, 58, 55, 21 and 39% reductions in shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot height (SH) and root length (RL) of wheat, respectively, compared with the control condition at the seedling stage. The wheat genotypes showed a wide genetic and tissue diversity for the determined characteristics in response to salt stress. Finally, 12 wheat genotypes were identified as salt-tolerant through a combination of one-factor (more emphasis on the biomass yield) and multifactor analysis. In general, greater accumulation of osmotic substances, efficient use of soluble sugars, lower Na+/K+ and a higher-efficiency antioxidative system contribute to better growth in the tolerant genotypes under salt stress. In other words, the tolerant genotypes are capable of maintaining stable osmotic potential and ion and redox homeostasis and providing more energy and materials for root growth. The identified genotypes with higher salt tolerance could be useful for developing new salt-tolerant wheat cultivars as well as in further studies to underline the genetic mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (X.Q.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (C.X.)
| | - Yuxiang Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (X.Q.); (X.L.); (H.L.); (C.X.)
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Zhang N, Li J, Luo J, Yu Q, Ai W, Zhang L, Tang Y. Wheat Cultivation and Nutrient Control for the 180-day CELSS Integrated Experiment. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 26:46-54. [PMID: 32718686 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to select the well-adapted wheat cultivar and to explore an optimum nutrient control pattern for wheat cultivation in the 180-day integrated experiment of controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). In the experiment, six wheat cultivars from different areas of China were preselected and cultivated in four separate recirculating hydroponic systems (HySy), nutrients in which could be controlled and recycled according the values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Wheat covered an area of 111.3 m2 and had been planted in 17 batches with a 15-day time interval to realize stable regeneration of oxygen, water and food during the 180-day duration in the closed cabin. The results indicated that different cultivars displayed different adaptabilities to the controlled environment. Wt04 had a stronger adaptability with the highest yield (12.82 g DM m-2 d-1) and edible radiation use efficiency (RUE) (0.28 g DM mol-1) whereas Wt06 adapted this environment poorly because of its excessive vegetative growth. For the morphological characters, wheat plants tended to dwarf in the CELSS environment compared with the field. An innovative controlling pattern was established for nutrient supplement. Through the real-time monitoring of pH, EC and DO of the nutrient solution and the periodical detection of the contents of nutrient elements, the nutrient solution could be controlled and recycled continuously without being renewed under a suitable state for wheat plants growth during the 180-day integrated experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518117, China.
| | - Jialian Li
- Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518117, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- Shenzhen Aerospace Food Analysis and Test Center Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Qingni Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Weidang Ai
- Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518117, China; National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Liangchang Zhang
- Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518117, China; National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Yongkang Tang
- Space Institute of Southern China (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518117, China; National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
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Quero G, Bonnecarrère V, Fernández S, Silva P, Simondi S, Borsani O. Light-use efficiency and energy partitioning in rice is cultivar dependent. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:51-63. [PMID: 30448978 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main limitations of rice yield in regions of high productive performance is the light-use efficiency (LUE). LUE can be determined at the whole-plant level or at the photosynthetic apparatus level (quantum yield). Both vary according to the intensity and spectral quality of light. The aim of this study was to analyze the cultivar dependence regarding LUE at the plant level and quantum yield using four rice cultivars and four light environments. To achieve this, two in-house Light Systems were developed: Light System I which generates white light environments (spectral quality of 400-700 nm band) and Light System II which generates a blue-red light environment (spectral quality of 400-500 nm and 600-700 nm bands). Light environment conditioned the LUE and quantum yield in PSII of all evaluated cultivars. In white environments, LUE decreased when light intensity duplicated, while in blue-red environments no differences on LUE were observed. Energy partition in PSII was determined by the quantum yield of three de-excitation processes using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. For this purpose, a quenching analysis followed by a relaxation analysis was performed. The damage of PSII was only increased by low levels of energy in white environments, leading to a decrease in photochemical processes due to the closure of the reaction centers. In conclusion, all rice cultivars evaluated in this study were sensible to low levels of radiation, but the response was cultivar dependent. There was not a clear genotypic relation between LUE and quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Quero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Unidad de Biotecnología. Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Bonnecarrère
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Unidad de Biotecnología. Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay.
| | - Sebastián Fernández
- Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Silva
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Simondi
- Area de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (FCEN-UNCuyo), Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Omar Borsani
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Dong C, Fu Y, Xie B, Wang M, Liu H. Element Cycling and Energy Flux Responses in Ecosystem Simulations Conducted at the Chinese Lunar Palace-1. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:78-86. [PMID: 28068148 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS) address interactions between organisms and their environment as an integrated system through the study of factors that regulate the pools and fluxes of materials and energy through ecological systems. As a simple model, using BLSS is very important in the investigation of element cycling and energy flux for sustainable development on Earth. A 105-day experiment with a high degree of closure was carried out in this system from February to May, 2014, with three volunteers. The results indicate that 247 g·d-1 carbon was imported into the system from stored food. Most hydrogen is circulated as water, and more than 99% H2O can be lost through leaf transpiration into the atmosphere. A total of 1.8 g·d-1 "unknown oxygen" emerged between the input and output of the plant growth module. For the urine processing module, 20.5% nitrogen was reused and 5.35 g·d-1 was put into the nutrient solution. Key Words: Bioregenerative life-support systems (BLSS)-Lunar Palace-1-Artificial ecosystem-Element cycling-Energy flux. Astrobiology 17, 78-86.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Fu
- 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
| | - Beizhen Xie
- 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
| | - Minjuan Wang
- 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China
- 3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China
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Dong C, Shao L, Liu G, Wang M, Liu H, Xie B, Li B, Fu Y, Liu H. Photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield of wheat exposed to intermittent light irradiation with millisecond-scale periods. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26210319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Energy consumption and output are two very important standards for evaluating the reliability of electric light sources when plants are grown in a controlled environment. As a primary source of energy, light is one of the most important environmental factors for wheat growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of light/dark cycle operation with millisecond-scale period on the growth of wheat, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity and biomass yield and quality during their life cycle. Four types of intermittent lighting with the same intensity were employed: a light/dark (0.5/0.5 ms) light (50%), a light/dark (0.7/0.3 ms) light (70%), a light/dark (0.8/0.2 ms) light (80%) and a continuous light (100%). The results showed that the wheat cultivated in the 80% light was characterized by highest photosynthetic rate and lowest lignin in inedible biomass, which was more beneficial to recycle substances in the processes of the environment regeneration. The data were comparable to those under continuous light condition in terms of chlorophyll concentration, antioxidant capacity, harvest index (HI) and thousand kernel weight (TKW). Wheat was sensitive to intermittent illumination which significantly affected those indices of growth and physiology, especially at heading and flowering stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lingzhi Shao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Guanghui Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Minjuan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Beizhen Xie
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Bowei Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yuming Fu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Mais A, Brennan CS. Characterisation of flour, starch and fibre obtained from sweet potato (kumara) tubers, and their utilisation in biscuit production. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Silverstone S, Nelson M, Alling A, Allen JP. Soil and crop management experiments in the Laboratory Biosphere: an analogue system for the Mars on Earth(R) facility. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2005; 35:1544-51. [PMID: 16175677 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the years 2002 and 2003, three closed system experiments were carried out in the "Laboratory Biosphere" facility located in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The program involved experimentation of "Hoyt" Soy Beans, (experiment #1) USU Apogee Wheat (experiment #2) and TU-82-155 sweet potato (experiment #3) using a 5.37 m2 soil planting bed which was 30 cm deep. The soil texture, 40% clay, 31% sand and 28% silt (a clay loam), was collected from an organic farm in New Mexico to avoid chemical residues. Soil management practices involved minimal tillage, mulching, returning crop residues to the soil after each experiment and increasing soil biota by introducing worms, soil bacteria and mycorrhizae fungi. High soil pH of the original soil appeared to be a factor affecting the first two experiments. Hence, between experiments #2 and #3, the top 15 cm of the soil was amended using a mix of peat moss, green sand, humates and pumice to improve soil texture, lower soil pH and increase nutrient availability. This resulted in lowering the initial pH of 8.0-6.7 at the start of experiment #3. At the end of the experiment, the pH was 7.6. Soil nitrogen and phosphorus has been adequate, but some chlorosis was evident in the first two experiments. Aphid infestation was the only crop pest problem during the three experiments and was handled using an introduction of Hyppodamia convergens. Experimentation showed there were environmental differences even in this 1200 cubic foot ecological system facility, such as temperature and humidity gradients because of ventilation and airflow patterns which resulted in consequent variations in plant growth and yield. Additional humidifiers were added to counteract low humidity and helped optimize conditions for the sweet potato experiment. The experience and information gained from these experiments are being applied to the future design of the Mars On Earth(R) facility (Silverstone et al., Development and research program for a soil-based bioregenerative agriculture system to feed a four person crew at a Mars base, Advances in Space Research 31(1) (2003) 69-75; Allen and Alling, The design approach for Mars On Earth(R), a biospheric closed system testing facility for long-term space habitation, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc., IAC-02-IAA.8.2.02, 2002).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Silverstone
- Laboratory Biosphere Division, Biosphere Foundation, Santa Fe, NM 87508, USA.
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Dempster WF, Allen JP, Alling A, Silverstone S, Van Thillo M. Atmospheric dynamics in the "Laboratory Biosphere" with wheat and sweet potato crops. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2005; 35:1552-6. [PMID: 16175678 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory Biosphere is a 40-m3 closed life system equipped with 12,000 W of high pressure sodium lamps over planting beds with 5.37 m2 of soil. Atmospheric composition changes due to photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide and corresponding production of oxygen or the reverse, respiration, are observed in short timeframes, e.g., hourly. To focus on inherent characteristics of the crop as distinct from its area or the volume of the chamber, we report fixation and respiration rates in mmol h-1 m-2 of planted area. An 85-day crop of USU Apogee wheat under a 16-h lighted/8-h dark regime peaked in fixation rate at about 100 mmol h-1 m-2 approximately 24 days after planting. Light intensity was about 840 micromoles m-2 s-1. Dark respiration peaked at about 31 mmol h-1 m-2 at the same time. Thereafter, both fixation and respiration declined toward zero as harvest time approached. A residual soil respiration rate of about 1.9 mmol h-1 m-2 was observed in the dark closed chamber for 100 days after the harvest. A 126-day crop of Tuskegee TU-82-155 sweet potato behaved quite differently. Under a 680 micromoles m-2 s-1, 18-h lighted/6-h dark regime, fixation during lighted hours rose to a plateau ranging from about 27 to 48 mmol h-1 m-2 after 42 days and dark respiration settled into a range of 12-23 mmol h-1 m-2. These rates continued unabated until the harvest at 126 days, suggesting that tuber biomass production might have continued at about the same rate for some time beyond the harvest time that was exercised in this experiment. In both experiments CO2 levels were allowed to range widely from a few hundred to about 3000 ppm, which permitted observation of fixation rates both at varying CO2 concentrations and at each number of days after planting. This enables plotting the fixation rate as a function of both variables. Understanding the atmospheric dynamics of individual crops will be essential for design and atmospheric management of more complex CELSS which integrate the simultaneous growth of several crops as in a sustainable remote life support system.
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Alling A, Van Thillo M, Dempster W, Nelson M, Silverstone S, Allen J. Lessons Learned from Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere Closed Systems Experiments for the Mars On Earth Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2187/bss.19.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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