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Dąbkowski K, Kreft E, Sałaga-Zaleska K, Chyła G, Kuchta A, Jankowski M. Redox regulation of hemodynamics response to diadenosine tetraphosphate an agonist of P2 receptors and renal function in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14888. [PMID: 34110719 PMCID: PMC8191177 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress may lead to disturbances in the renal microvasculature in response to vasoactive agents, including P2 receptors (P2R) agonists. We investigated the renal microvascular response to diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), an agonist of P2R, in diet‐induced hypercholesteremic rats over 28 days, supplemented in the last 10 days with tempol (2 mM) or DL‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine (BSO, 20 mM) in the drinking water. Using laser Doppler flowmetry, renal blood perfusion in the cortex and medulla (CBP, MBP) was measured during the infusion of Ap4A. This induced a biphasic response in the CBP: a phase of rapid decrease was followed by one of rapid increase extended for 30 min in both the normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. The phase of decreased CBP was not affected by tempol or BSO in either group. Early and extended increases in CBP were prevented by tempol in the hypercholesterolemia rats, while, in the normocholesterolemic rats, only the extended increase in CBP was affected by tempol; BSO prevented extended increase in CBP in normocholesterolemic rats. MBP response is not affected by hypercholesterolemia. The hypercholesterolemic rats were characterized by increased urinary albumin and 8‐isoPGF2α excretion. Moreover, BSO increased the urinary excretion of nephrin in the hypercholesterolemic rats but, similar to tempol, did not affect the excretion of albumin in their urine. The results suggest the important role of redox balance in the extracellular nucleotide regulation of the renal vasculature and glomerular injury in hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Dąbkowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kreft
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Gabriela Chyła
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kuchta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Jankowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Sakellarios AI, Papafaklis MI, Siogkas P, Athanasiou LS, Exarchos TP, Stefanou K, Bourantas CV, Naka KK, Michalis LK, Parodi O, Fotiadis DI. Patient-specific computational modeling of subendothelial LDL accumulation in a stenosed right coronary artery: effect of hemodynamic and biological factors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1455-70. [PMID: 23504178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00539.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease with local manifestations. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation in the subendothelial layer is one of the hallmarks of atherosclerosis onset and ignites plaque development and progression. Blood flow-induced endothelial shear stress (ESS) is causally related to the heterogenic distribution of atherosclerotic lesions and critically affects LDL deposition in the vessel wall. In this work we modeled blood flow and LDL transport in the coronary arterial wall and investigated the influence of several hemodynamic and biological factors that may regulate LDL accumulation. We used a three-dimensional model of a stenosed right coronary artery reconstructed from angiographic and intravascular ultrasound patient data. We also reconstructed a second model after restoring the patency of the stenosed lumen to its nondiseased state to assess the effect of the stenosis on LDL accumulation. Furthermore, we implemented a new model for LDL penetration across the endothelial membrane, assuming that endothelial permeability depends on the local lumen LDL concentration. The results showed that the presence of the stenosis had a dramatic effect on the local ESS distribution and LDL accumulation along the artery, and areas of increased LDL accumulation were observed in the downstream region where flow recirculation and low ESS were present. Of the studied factors influencing LDL accumulation, 1) hypertension, 2) increased endothelial permeability (a surrogate of endothelial dysfunction), and 3) increased serum LDL levels, especially when the new model of variable endothelial permeability was applied, had the largest effects, thereby supporting their role as major cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis I. Sakellarios
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michail I. Papafaklis
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Panagiotis Siogkas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lambros S. Athanasiou
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Stefanou
- Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, University Campus of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos V. Bourantas
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katerina K. Naka
- Michailideion Cardiac Center, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; and
| | - Lampros K. Michalis
- Michailideion Cardiac Center, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; and
| | - Oberdan Parodi
- Instituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Biomedical Research Institute-FORTH, University Campus of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Michailideion Cardiac Center, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Khazaei M, Nematbakhsh M. Effect of experimentally induced metabolic acidosis on aortic endothelial permeability and serum nitric oxide concentration in normal and high-cholesterol fed rabbits. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:719-23. [PMID: 23056086 PMCID: PMC3460509 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic acidosis is present in end stage renal disease. There is a link between enhanced endothelial permeability and accelerated atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of experimentally induced metabolic acidosis on aortic endothelial permeability and serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration in normal and high-cholesterol fed rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four male rabbits were divided into four groups: normal, hypercholesterolemic, acidemic, and hypercholesterolemic plus acidemic. Acidosis and hypercholesterolemia were induced by drinking water containing ammonium chloride (NH(4)Cl), and cholesterol-rich animal chow (1%), respectively. After 6 weeks, blood samples were taken and endothelial permeability was measured using the Evans blue dye injection method. RESULTS Hypercholesterolemic animals had higher aortic endothelial permeability compared with normal groups (16.18 ±0.91 µg EB/g tissue vs. 12.89 ±0.66 µg EB/g tissue, p < 0.05). Acidosis significantly increased endothelial permeability in the normal group (17.10 ±0.56 µg/g tissue vs. 12.89 ± 0.66 µg/g tissue; p < 0.05) but did not further increase endothelial permeability in hypercholesterolemic animals (16.18 ±0.91 µg EB/g tissue vs. 17.29 ±0.46 µg EB/g tissue; p > 0.05). Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and NO concentrations in hypercholesterolemic animals were significantly higher than the normal group and acidosis could not change them either in the normal or in the high-cholesterol diet group. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of serum lipids and NO are not the main mechanism for accelerated atherosclerosis during metabolic acidosis. Acidosis increases aortic endothelial permeability at least in a normal diet which may be a possible mechanism for progression of atherosclerosis processes in end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Kidney Basic Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Pedersen SF, Thrysøe SA, Paaske WP, Thim T, Falk E, Ringgaard S, Kim WY. Determination of edema in porcine coronary arteries by T2 weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011; 13:52. [PMID: 21936914 PMCID: PMC3192668 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a pivotal role in all stages of atherosclerosis. Since edema is known to be an integral part of inflammation, a noninvasive technique that can identify edema in the coronary artery wall may provide unique information regarding plaque activity. In this study, we aimed to determine whether edema induced in porcine coronary arteries by balloon injury could be reliably detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) using a water sensitive T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery sequence (T2-STIR). We also aimed to compare these results to those of conventional T2-weighted (T2W) imaging. METHODS Edema was induced in the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery wall in seven pigs by balloon injury. At baseline, and 1-10 days (average four) post injury, the proximal LAD was assessed by water sensitive T2-STIR and conventional T2W sequences in cross-sectional planes. CMR images were matched to histopathology, validated against Evans blue as a marker of increased vessel wall permeability, and correlated with the arterial amount of fibrinogen used as an edema surrogate marker. RESULTS Post injury, the T2-STIR images of the injured LAD vessel wall showed a significant 72%, relative signal intensity (SI) increase compared with baseline (p = 0.028). Using a threshold value of SI 7 SD above the average SI of the myocardium, T2-STIR detected edema in the vessel wall (i.e. enhancement) with a sensitivity of 100 and a specificity of 71. Twelve out of the 14 (86%) T2-STIR images displaying coronary artery wall enhancement also showed Evans blue uptake in the corresponding histology. The relative signal intensity showed a linear correlation with the amount of fibrinogen detected on the corresponding histopathology (ρ = 0.750, p = 0.05). The conventional T2W images did not show significant changes in SI post injury. CONCLUSION T2-STIR CMR enabled detection of coronary artery wall edema and could therefore be a non-invasive diagnostic tool for evaluation of inflammatory coronary artery wall activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Fjord Pedersen
- Dept. of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Samuel A Thrysøe
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - William P Paaske
- Dept. of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Troels Thim
- Dept. of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Erling Falk
- Dept. of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Won Yong Kim
- Dept. of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Pedersen SF, Thrysøe SA, Paaske WP, Thim T, Falk E, Ringgaard S, Kim WY. CMR assessment of endothelial damage and angiogenesis in porcine coronary arteries using gadofosveset. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011; 13:10. [PMID: 21269470 PMCID: PMC3036628 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial damage and angiogenesis are essential for atherosclerotic plaque development and destabilization. We sought to examine whether contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) using gadofosveset could show endothelial damage and neovessel formation in balloon injured porcine coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were obtained from seven pigs that all underwent balloon injury of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to induce endothelial damage and angiogenesis. Between one - 12 days (average four) after balloon injury, in vivo and ex vivo T1-weighted coronary CMR was performed after intravenous injection of gadofosveset. Post contrast, CMR showed contrast enhancement of the coronary arteries with a selective and time-dependent average expansion of the injured LAD segment area of 45% (p = 0.04; CI95 = [15%-75%]), indicating local extravasation of gadofosveset. Vascular and perivascular extravasation of albumin (marker of endothelial leakiness) and gadofosveset was demonstrated with agreement between Evans blue staining and ex vivo CMR contrast enhancement (p = 0.026). Coronary MRI contrast enhancement and local microvessel density determined by microscopic examination correlated (ρ = 0.82, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Contrast enhanced coronary CMR with gadofosveset can detect experimentally induced endothelial damage and angiogenesis in the porcine coronary artery wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen F Pedersen
- Dept. of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Samuel A Thrysøe
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - William P Paaske
- Dept. of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Troels Thim
- Dept. of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Erling Falk
- Dept. of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Won Y Kim
- Dept. of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- MR-center, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Brendstrupsgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Flow interactions with cells and tissues: cardiovascular flows and fluid-structure interactions. Sixth International Bio-Fluid Mechanics Symposium and Workshop, March 28-30, 2008, Pasadena, California. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:1178-87. [PMID: 20336826 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-9900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between flow and biological cells and tissues are intrinsic to the circulatory, respiratory, digestive and genitourinary systems. In the circulatory system, an understanding of the complex interaction between the arterial wall (a living multi-component organ with anisotropic, nonlinear material properties) and blood (a shear-thinning fluid with 45% by volume consisting of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells) is vital to our understanding of the physiology of the human circulation and the etiology and development of arterial diseases, and to the design and development of prosthetic implants and tissue-engineered substitutes. Similarly, an understanding of the complex dynamics of flow past native human heart valves and the effect of that flow on the valvular tissue is necessary to elucidate the etiology of valvular diseases and in the design and development of valve replacements. In this paper we address the influence of biomechanical factors on the arterial circulation. The first part presents our current understanding of the impact of blood flow on the arterial wall at the cellular level and the relationship between flow-induced stresses and the etiology of atherosclerosis. The second part describes recent advances in the application of fluid-structure interaction analysis to arterial flows and the dynamics of heart valves.
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Altered functional development of the blood–brain barrier after early life stress in the rat. Brain Res Bull 2009; 79:376-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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LaMack JA, Himburg HA, Friedman MH. Distinct profiles of endothelial gene expression in hyperpermeable regions of the porcine aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:e35-41. [PMID: 17588585 PMCID: PMC2683674 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the early events associated with atherosclerotic lesion development are increased macromolecular permeability of the endothelium and expression of genes that affect inflammation and oxidative state. The purpose of this study was to measure the expression of several atherosclerosis-related genes in endothelial cells scraped from arch and thoracic regions of the porcine aorta exhibiting elevated permeability. Aortae were collected from six swine that were exposed to circulating Evans blue dye (EBD), a marker of transendothelial albumin permeability. Endothelial cells were scraped from (1) white regions in the thoracic aorta, (2) light blue streaks and blue regions near ostia in the thoracic aorta, and (3) dark blue regions in the aortic arch. Expression levels of several genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. There were modest differences between the expression levels of several genes in cells from the light blue regions relative to those from white regions. In the dark blue regions, eNOS was drastically downregulated and MCP-1 was upregulated relative to their expression in both the white and light blue regions. The distinct levels of permeability and differences in gene expression profiles exhibited by cells from these different regions of the aorta may reflect corresponding differences in their hemodynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A LaMack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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