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Zhao W, Yao M, Zhang Y, Xiong D, Dai G, Zhang J, Cao Y, Li H. Endothelial cyclin I reduces vulnerability to angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and abdominal aortic aneurysm risk. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104348. [PMID: 35245516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) supports vasoprotective E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2f1)/Dihydrofolate Reductase (Dhfr) pathway activity in endothelial cells. Cyclin I (Ccni) promotes Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-5 (Cdk5)-mediated Rb phosphorylation. Therefore, we hypothesized that endothelial Ccni may regulate cardiovascular homeostasis, vessel remodeling, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. METHODS Aortic CCNI mRNA expression was analyzed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE57691 cohort consisting of AAA patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 10). We employed wild-type (WT) mice and endothelial Ccni knockout (Ccnifl/flTie2-Cre) mice to conduct in vivo and ex vivo experimentation using an Angiotensin (Ang) II hypertension model and a CaCl2 AAA model. Mice were assessed for Rb/E2f1/Dhfr signaling, biopterin (i.e., biopterin [B], dihydrobiopterin [BH2], and tetrahydrobiopterin [BH4]) production, cardiovascular homeostasis, vessel remodeling, and AAA formation. RESULTS Aortic CCNI mRNA expression was downregulated in AAA patients. Both Ang II- and CaCl2-induced WT mice showed aortic Ccni upregulation coupled with vasculoprotective upregulation of Rb/E2f1/Dhfr signaling and biopterins. Endothelial Ccni knockout downregulated medial Rb/E2f1/Dhfr signaling and biopterins in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, which exacerbated eNos uncoupling and H2O2 production. Endothelial Ccni knockout impaired in vivo hemodynamic responses and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in ex vivo mesenteric arteries in response to Ang II. Endothelial Ccni knockout exacerbated mesenteric artery remodeling and AAA risk in response to Ang II and CaCl2. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Ccni acts as a critical negative regulator of eNos uncoupling-mediated ROS generation and thereby reduces vulnerability to hypertension-induced vascular remodeling and AAA development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Da Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guolin Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinpin Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hongrong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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2
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Zhou J, Singh N, Monnier C, Marszalec W, Gao L, Jin J, Frisk M, Louch WE, Verma S, Krishnamurthy P, Nico E, Mulla M, Aistrup GL, Kishore R, Wasserstrom JA. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate Binding to Amphiphysin-II Modulates T-Tubule Remodeling: Implications for Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2022; 12:782767. [PMID: 35002765 PMCID: PMC8733645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.782767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BIN1 (amphyphysin-II) is a structural protein involved in T-tubule (TT) formation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is responsible for localization of BIN1 to sarcolemma. The goal of this study was to determine if PIP2-mediated targeting of BIN1 to sarcolemma is compromised during the development of heart failure (HF) and is responsible for TT remodeling. Immunohistochemistry showed co-localization of BIN1, Cav1.2, PIP2, and phospholipase-Cβ1 (PLCβ1) in TTs in normal rat and human ventricular myocytes. PIP2 levels were reduced in spontaneously hypertensive rats during HF progression compared to age-matched controls. A PIP Strip assay of two native mouse cardiac-specific isoforms of BIN1 including the longest (cardiac BIN1 #4) and shortest (cardiac BIN1 #1) isoforms as well human skeletal BIN1 showed that all bound PIP2. In addition, overexpression of all three BIN1 isoforms caused tubule formation in HL-1 cells. A triple-lysine motif in a short loop segment between two helices was mutated and replaced by negative charges which abolished tubule formation, suggesting a possible location for PIP2 interaction aside from known consensus binding sites. Pharmacological PIP2 depletion in rat ventricular myocytes caused TT loss and was associated with changes in Ca2+ release typically found in myocytes during HF, including a higher variability in release along the cell length and a slowing in rise time, time to peak, and decay time in treated myocytes. These results demonstrate that depletion of PIP2 can lead to TT disruption and suggest that PIP2 interaction with cardiac BIN1 is required for TT maintenance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhou
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chloe Monnier
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - William Marszalec
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (IEMR), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (IEMR), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suresh Verma
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elsa Nico
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maaz Mulla
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gary L Aistrup
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Raj Kishore
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - J Andrew Wasserstrom
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Lipoprotein modulation of proteinuric renal injury. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1107-1116. [PMID: 31019291 PMCID: PMC6658349 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its main protein, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), have established benefits in various cells, but whether these cytoprotective effects of HDL pertain to renal cells is unclear. We investigated the in vitro consequences of exposing damaged podocytes to normal apoAI, HDL, and apoAI mimetic (L-4F), and the in vivo effects of L-4F on kidney and atherosclerotic injury in a podocyte-specific injury model of proteinuria. In vitro, primary mouse podocytes were injured by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). Cellular viability, migration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and the underlying signaling pathway were assessed. In vivo, we used a proteinuric model, Nphs1-hCD25 transgenic (NEP25+) mice, which express human CD25 on podocytes. Podocyte injury was induced by using immunotoxin (LMB2) and generated a proteinuric atherosclerosis model, NEP25+:apoE-/- mice, was generated by mating apoE-deficient (apoE-/-) mice with NEP25+ mice. Animals received L-4F or control vehicle. Renal function, podocyte injury, and atherosclerosis were assessed. PAN reduced podocyte viability, migration, and increased ROS production, all significantly lessened by apoAI, HDL, and L-4F. L-4F attenuated podocyte apoptosis and diminished PAN-induced inactivation of Janus family protein kinase-2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3. In NEP25+ mice, L-4F significantly lessened overall proteinuria, and preserved podocyte expression of synaptopodin and cell density. Proteinuric NEP25+:apoE-/- mice had more atherosclerosis than non-proteinuric apoE-/- mice, and these lesions were significantly decreased by L-4F. Normal human apoAI, HDL, and apoAI mimetic protect against podocyte damage. ApoAI mimetic provides in vivo beneficial effects on podocytes that culminate in reduced albuminuria and atherosclerosis. The results suggest supplemental apoAI/apoAI mimetic may be a novel candidate to lessen podocyte damage and its complications.
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Yarlioglues M, Yalcinkaya D, Oksuz F, Celik IE, Duran M, Murat SN. Possible Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Aortic Dilatation by Inducing Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Angiology 2019; 70:978-979. [PMID: 31216859 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719857381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikail Yarlioglues
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Yalcinkaya
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oksuz
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Etem Celik
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Duran
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sani Namik Murat
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Chuaiphichai S, Rashbrook VS, Hale AB, Trelfa L, Patel J, McNeill E, Lygate CA, Channon KM, Douglas G. Endothelial Cell Tetrahydrobiopterin Modulates Sensitivity to Ang (Angiotensin) II-Induced Vascular Remodeling, Blood Pressure, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Hypertension 2018; 72:128-138. [PMID: 29844152 PMCID: PMC6012043 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
GTPCH (GTP cyclohydrolase 1, encoded by Gch1) is required for the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin; a critical regulator of endothelial NO synthase function. We have previously shown that mice with selective loss of Gch1 in endothelial cells have mild vascular dysfunction, but the consequences of endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in vascular disease pathogenesis are unknown. We investigated the pathological consequence of Ang (angiotensin) II infusion in endothelial cell Gch1 deficient (Gch1fl/fl Tie2cre) mice. Ang II (0.4 mg/kg per day, delivered by osmotic minipump) caused a significant decrease in circulating tetrahydrobiopterin levels in Gch1fl/fl Tie2cre mice and a significant increase in the Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhabitable production of H2O2 in the aorta. Chronic treatment with this subpressor dose of Ang II resulted in a significant increase in blood pressure only in Gch1fl/fl Tie2cre mice. This finding was mirrored with acute administration of Ang II, where increased sensitivity to Ang II was observed at both pressor and subpressor doses. Chronic Ang II infusion in Gch1fl/fl Tie2ce mice resulted in vascular dysfunction in resistance mesenteric arteries with an enhanced constrictor and decreased dilator response and medial hypertrophy. Altered vascular remodeling was also observed in the aorta with an increase in the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in Gch1fl/fl Tie2ce mice. These findings indicate a specific requirement for endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin in modulating the hemodynamic and structural changes induced by Ang II, through modulation of blood pressure, structural changes in resistance vessels, and aneurysm formation in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surawee Chuaiphichai
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria S Rashbrook
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley B Hale
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Trelfa
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti Patel
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen McNeill
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Lygate
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M Channon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Gillian Douglas
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Dinh QN, Chrissobolis S, Diep H, Chan CT, Ferens D, Drummond GR, Sobey CG. Advanced atherosclerosis is associated with inflammation, vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress, but not hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2016; 116:70-76. [PMID: 28017665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although hypertension may involve underlying inflammation, it is unknown whether advanced atherosclerosis - a chronic inflammatory condition - can by itself promote hypertension. We thus tested if advanced atherosclerosis in chronically hypercholesterolemic mice is associated with systemic and end-organ inflammation, vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress, and whether blood pressure is higher than in control mice. Male ApoE-/- and wild-type (C57Bl6J) mice were placed on a high fat or chow diet, respectively, from 5 to 61 weeks of age. Expression of several cytokines (including IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and/or IL-1β) was elevated in plasma, brain, and aorta of ApoE-/- mice. Aortic superoxide production was ∼3.5-fold greater, and endothelium-dependent relaxation was markedly reduced in aorta and mesenteric artery of ApoE-/- versus wild-type mice. There was no difference in blood pressure of aged ApoE-/- (104±3mmHg, n=13) and wild-type mice (113±1mmHg, n=18). To clarify any effects of aging alone, findings from 61 week-old wild-type mice were compared with those from young (8-12 weeks old) chow-fed wild-type mice. The data indicate that aging alone increased renal and aortic expression of numerous cytokines (including CCL2, CCL7 and IL-1β). Aging had no effect on blood pressure, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress or endothelial function. Despite systemic and end-organ inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, advanced atherosclerosis does not necessarily result in elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh N Dinh
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Sophocles Chrissobolis
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Henry Diep
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Dorota Ferens
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Australia.
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7
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Yu H, Moran CS, Trollope AF, Woodward L, Kinobe R, Rush CM, Golledge J. Angiopoietin-2 attenuates angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35190. [PMID: 27767064 PMCID: PMC5073347 DOI: 10.1038/srep35190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and inflammation are implicated in aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis and regulated by angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2). The effect of Angpt2 administration on experimental aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis was examined. Six-month-old male apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were infused with angiotensin II (AngII) and administered subcutaneous human Fc-protein (control) or recombinant Angpt2 (rAngpt2) over 14 days. Administration of rAngpt2 significantly inhibited AngII-induced aortic dilatation and rupture of the suprarenal aorta (SRA), and development of atherosclerosis within the aortic arch. These effects were blood pressure and plasma lipoprotein independent and associated with Tie2 activation and down-regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) within the SRA. Plasma concentrations of MCP-1 and interleukin-6 were significantly lower in mice receiving rAngpt2. Immunostaining for the monocyte/macrophage marker MOMA-2 and the angiogenesis marker CD31 within the SRA were less in mice receiving rAngpt2 than controls. The percentage of inflammatory (Ly6Chi) monocytes within the bone marrow was increased while that in peripheral blood was decreased by rAngpt2 administration. In conclusion, administration of rAngpt2 attenuated angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice associated with reduced aortic inflammation and angiogenesis. Up-regulation of Angpt2 may have potential therapeutic value in patients with aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Yu
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Alexandra F Trollope
- Discipline of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Lynn Woodward
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Robert Kinobe
- Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Catherine M Rush
- Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, 4814, Australia
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8
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 prevented abdominal aortic aneurysm development in rats. Surg Today 2015; 46:1099-107. [PMID: 26658813 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-015-1287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) signaling on the cardiovascular system, we conducted this study to show that the GLP-1 receptor analog (lixisenatide) could inhibit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development in rats. METHODS Lixisenatide was injected subcutaneously 7 days after aneurysm preparation. We evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression by dihydroethidium staining and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; the oxidation product of DNA) by immunohistochemical staining. We also analyzed the effect of GLP-1 signaling on the inflammatory response. Histopathological examination was done on day 28, and the AAA dilatation ratio was calculated. RESULTS On day 14, ROS expression and 8-OHdG-positive cells in the aneurysm walls were seen to have been significantly decreased by lixisenatide treatment. Western blot analysis showed decreased ERK expression. There was significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in the aneurysm walls and CD68-positive cell infiltration in the aneurysm walls. On day 28, it was evident that the lixisenatide had dramatically reduced aneurysm development in the rats. CONCLUSION GLP-1 elevation inhibits AAA development in rats through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, GLP-1 could be a potent pharmacological target for AAA treatment.
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9
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Trachet B, Fraga-Silva RA, Jacquet PA, Stergiopulos N, Segers P. Incidence, severity, mortality, and confounding factors for dissecting AAA detection in angiotensin II-infused mice: a meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:159-70. [PMID: 26307626 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS While angiotensin II-infused mice are the most popular model for preclinical aneurysm research, representative data on incidence, severity, and mortality of dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have never been established, and the influence of confounding factors is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a meta-analysis including 194 manuscripts representing 1679 saline-infused, 4729 non-treated angiotensin II-infused, and 4057 treated angiotensin II-infused mice. Incidence (60%) and mortality (20%) rates are reported overall as well as for grade I (22%), grade II (26%), grade III (29%), and grade IV (24%) aneurysms. Dissecting AAA incidence was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by sex, age, genetic background, infusion time, and dose of angiotensin II. Mortality was influenced by sex, genetic background, and dose, but not by age or infusion time. Surprisingly, both incidence and mortality were significantly different (P < 0.05) when comparing angiotensin II-infused mice in descriptive studies (56% incidence and 19% mortality) with angiotensin II-infused mice that served as control animals in treatment studies designed to either enhance (35% incidence and 13% mortality) or reduce (73% incidence and 25% mortality) dissecting AAA formation. After stratification to account for confounding factors (selection bias), the observed effect was still present for incidence, but not for mortality. Possible underlying causes are detection bias (non-uniform definition for detection and quantification of dissecting AAA in mice) or publication bias (studies with negative results, related to incidence in the control group, not being published). CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a new meta-analysis-based reference for incidence and mortality of dissecting AAA in angiotensin II-infused mice, and indicate that treatment studies using this mouse model should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Trachet
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A Jacquet
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Ghent University-iMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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van Thiel BS, van der Pluijm I, te Riet L, Essers J, Danser AHJ. The renin-angiotensin system and its involvement in vascular disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:3-14. [PMID: 25987425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many types of cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, aneurysms, stroke, coronary artery disease and vascular injury. Besides the classical regulatory effects on blood pressure and sodium homoeostasis, the RAS is involved in the regulation of contractility and remodelling of the vessel wall. Numerous studies have shown beneficial effect of inhibition of this system in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. However, dysregulation and overexpression of the RAS, through different molecular mechanisms, also induces, the initiation of vascular damage. The key effector peptide of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes cell proliferation, apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, processes known to contribute to remodelling of the vasculature. In this review, we focus on the components that are under the influence of the RAS and contribute to the development and progression of vascular disease; extracellular matrix defects, atherosclerosis and ageing. Furthermore, the beneficial therapeutic effects of inhibition of the RAS on the vasculature are discussed, as well as the need for additive effects on top of RAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi S van Thiel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk te Riet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Krishna SM, Seto SW, Jose RJ, Biros E, Moran CS, Wang Y, Clancy P, Golledge J. A peptide antagonist of thrombospondin-1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in the angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:389-98. [PMID: 25524772 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interaction of the activating sequence in thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) with the conserved sequence (leucine-serine-lysine-leucine [LSKL]) in the latency-associated peptide region of latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β complex is important in regulating TGF-β1 activity. We aimed to assess the effect of blocking peptide LSKL on the progression of pre-established abdominal aortic aneurysm in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Abdominal aortic aneurysm was established in 3-month-old male ApoE(-/-) mice with subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II for 28 days. After this, mice received LSKL peptide or control SLLK (serine-leucine-leucine-lysine) peptide (4 mg/kg) via daily intraperitoneal injection for an additional 2 weeks. Administration of LSKL peptide promoted larger suprarenal aortic diameter, as determined by ultrasound and morphometric analysis, and stimulated more severe atherosclerosis within the aortic arch. In addition, mice receiving LSKL peptide exhibited elevated circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels and greater inflammatory cells within the suprarenal aorta compared with controls. Mice receiving LSKL peptide showed low plasma TGF-β1 activity and low levels of aortic tissue phosphorylated to total Smad2/3. Aortic gene expression of TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFBRI) and receptor 2 (TGFBRII), but not TGF-β1 and thrombospondin-1, were lower in mice receiving LSKL peptide than controls. LSKL peptide administration was associated with greater aortic elastin fragmentation and lower expression and activity of the TGF-β1-target gene lysyl oxidase like 1 (LOXL1). CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of thrombospondin-1-directed activation of TGF-β1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis progression in the angiotensin II-infused ApoE(-/-) mouse model.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/blood
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Elastin/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/toxicity
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Thrombospondin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti M Krishna
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Roby J Jose
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Erik Biros
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Corey S Moran
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Yutang Wang
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Paula Clancy
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.).
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12
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Qi J, Yang P, Yi B, Huo Y, Chen M, Zhang J, Sun J. Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DMAG attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H841-52. [PMID: 25637544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00470.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common degenerative vascular disease whose pathogenesis is associated with activation of multiple signaling pathways including Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) and NF-κB. It is now well recognized that these pathways are chaperoned by the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), suggesting that inhibition of Hsp90 may be a novel strategy for inhibiting AAAs. The aim of this study is to investigate whether inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-DMAG (17-dimethyl-aminothylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin) attenuates ANG II-induced AAA formation in mice, and, if so, to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Apolipoprotein E-null mice were infused with ANG II to induce AAA formation and simultaneously treated by intraperitoneal injection with either vehicle or 17-DMAG for 4 wk. ANG II infusion induced AAA formation in 80% of mice, which was accompanied by increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, enhanced tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, and neovascularization. Importantly, these effects were inhibited by 17-DMAG treatment. Mechanistically, we showed that 17-DMAG prevented the formation and progression of AAA through its inhibitory effects on diverse biological pathways including 1) by blocking ANG II-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK that are critically involved in the regulation of MMPs in vascular smooth muscle cells, 2) by inhibiting IκB kinase expression and expression of MCP-1, and 3) by attenuating ANG II-stimulated angiogenic processes critical to AAA formation. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-DMAG effectively attenuates ANG II-induced AAA formation by simultaneously inhibiting vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and angiogenesis, which are critical in the formation and progression of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Huo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Aliskiren limits abdominal aortic aneurysm, ventricular hypertrophy and atherosclerosis in an apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse model. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:123-34. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20130382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the efficacy of aliskiren in limiting the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm, ventricular hypertrophy and atherosclerosis were examined in a mouse model. Aliskiren limited the progression of these pathologies, suggesting the potential of this medication for cardiovascular-protective protection.
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14
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Prins PA, Hill MF, Airey D, Nwosu S, Perati PR, Tavori H, F. Linton M, Kon V, Fazio S, Sampson UK. Angiotensin-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in hypercholesterolemic mice: role of serum cholesterol and temporal effects of exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84517. [PMID: 24465413 PMCID: PMC3900396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Understanding variations in size and pattern of development of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) may inform translational research strategies. Thus, we sought insight into the temporal evolution of AAA in apolipoprotein (apo)E−/− mice. Approach A cohort of mice underwent a 4-week pump-mediated infusion of saline (n = 23) or 1500 ng/kg/min of Ang II (n = 85) and AAA development was tracked via in vivo ultrasound imaging. We adjusted for hemodynamic covariates in the regression models for AAA occurrence in relation to time. Results The overall effect of time was statistically significant (p<0.001). Compared to day 7 of AngII infusion, there was no decrease in the log odds of AAA occurrence by day 14 (−0.234, p = 0.65), but compared to day 21 and 28, the log odds decreased by 9.07 (p<0.001) and 2.35 (p = 0.04), respectively. Hemodynamic parameters were not predictive of change in aortic diameter (Δ) (SBP, p = 0.66; DBP, p = 0.66). Mean total cholesterol (TC) was higher among mice with large versus small AAA (601 vs. 422 mg/ml, p<0.0001), and the difference was due to LDL. AngII exposure was associated with 0.43 mm (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.61, p<0.0001) increase in aortic diameter; and a 100 mg/dl increase in mean final cholesterol level was associated with a 12% (95% CI, 5.68 to 18.23, p<0.0001) increase in aortic diameter. Baseline cholesterol was not associated with change in aortic diameter (p = 0.86). Conclusions These are the first formal estimates of a consistent pattern of Ang II-induced AAA development. The odds of AAA occurrence diminish after the second week of Ang II infusion, and TC is independently associated with AAA size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A. Prins
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Hill
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Airey
- Department of Biostatistics, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sam Nwosu
- Department of Biostatistics, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Hagai Tavori
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Uchechukwu K. Sampson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Trivedi DB, Loftin CD, Clark J, Myers P, DeGraff LM, Cheng J, Zeldin DC, Langenbach R. β-Arrestin-2 deficiency attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Circ Res 2013; 112:1219-29. [PMID: 23524589 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.280399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a chronic inflammatory vascular disease for which pharmacological treatments are not available. A mouse model of AAA formation involves chronic infusion of angiotensin II (AngII), and previous studies indicated a primary role for the AngII type 1a receptor in AAA formation. β-arrestin (βarr)-2 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that binds G-protein-coupled receptors such as AngII type 1a and regulates numerous signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes. However, a role for βarr2 in AngII-induced AAA formation is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether βarr2 played a role in AngII-induced AAA formation in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of βarr2(+/+) and βarr2(-/-) mice on the hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) background or on normolipidemic C57BL/6 background with AngII for 28 days indicated that βarr2 deficiency significantly attenuated AAA formation. βarr2 deficiency attenuated AngII-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and macrophage infiltration. AngII also increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(+/+) aortas, whereas βarr2 deficiency diminished this increase. Furthermore, inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation with CI1040 (100 mg/kg per day) reduced the level of AngII-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(+/+) mice to the level observed in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(-/-) mice. AngII treatment also increased matrix metalloproteinase expression and disruption of the elastic layer in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(+/+) aortas, and βarr2 deficiency reduced these effects. CONCLUSIONS βarr2 contributes to AngII-induced AAA formation in mice by phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 induction and increased inflammation. These studies suggest that for the AngII type 1a receptor, G-protein-independent, βarr2-dependent signaling plays a major role in AngII-induced AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshini B Trivedi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Comparative Medicine Branch, and Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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16
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Takai S, Jin D, Yamamoto D, Li ZL, Otsuki Y, Miyazaki M. Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Inhibition by Imidapril for Prevention of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor–Knockout Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:185-94. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13040fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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17
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Rosiglitazone inhibits angiotensin II-induced C-reactive protein production in human aortic endothelial cells through regulating AT1–ROS–MAPK signal pathway. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1031-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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18
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Prins PA, Perati PR, Kon V, Guo Z, Ramesh A, Linton MF, Fazio S, Sampson UK. Benzo[a]pyrene potentiates the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:121-30. [PMID: 22415081 DOI: 10.1159/000337593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), an abundant environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, on the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Earlier studies have shown that BaP promotes vasculopathy, including atherosclerosis, a predisposing factor for AAA development. In two experimental arms, 203 apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were evaluated in 4 groups: BaP, angiotensin II (AngII), BaP+AngII and control. Mice in the first arm were exposed to 5mg/kg/week of BaP for 42 days, and in the second arm to 0.71mg/kg daily for 60 days. In arm one, AAA incidence was higher in the BaP+AngII (14/28) versus AngII (8/27) group (p < 0.05), rupture (n=3) was observed only in BaP+AngII treated mice (p < 0.05). In the second arm, AAA incidence did not differ between AngII (17/30) and BaP+AngII (16/29) groups. However, intact AAA diameter was larger in the BaP+AngII (2.3 ± 0.1mm) versus AngII (1.9 ± 0.1mm) group (p < 0.05), but AAA rupture did not differ (p=NS). In both experimental arms, BaP+AngII mice showed increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclophilin A (Cyp A), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) (p < 0.05). No AAA occurred in control or BaP groups. These findings suggest the role of BaP exposure in potentiating AAA pathogenesis, which may have potential public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A Prins
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA
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19
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Vasquez EC, Peotta VA, Gava AL, Pereira TM, Meyrelles SS. Cardiac and vascular phenotypes in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:22. [PMID: 22330242 PMCID: PMC3306747 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular death is frequently associated with atherosclerosis, a chronic multifactorial disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Genetically engineered mouse models have proven useful for the study of the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases. The apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse has been the most widely used animal model of atherosclerosis because it rapidly develops severe hypercholesterolemia and spontaneous atherosclerotic lesions similar to those observed in humans. In this review, we provide an overview of the cardiac and vascular phenotypes and discuss the interplay among nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, aging and diet in the impairment of cardiovascular function in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisardo C Vasquez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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20
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Daugherty A, Cassis LA, Lu H. Complex pathologies of angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2011; 12:624-8. [PMID: 21796801 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is the primary bioactive peptide of the renin angiotensin system that plays a critical role in many cardiovascular diseases. Subcutaneous infusion of AngII into mice induces the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Like human AAAs, AngII-induced AAA tissues exhibit progressive changes and considerable heterogeneity. This complex pathology provides an impediment to the quantification of aneurysmal tissue composition by biochemical and immunostaining techniques. Therefore, while the mouse model of AngII-induced AAAs provides a salutary approach to studying the mechanisms of the evolution of AAAs in humans, meaningful interpretation of mechanisms requires consideration of the heterogeneous nature of the diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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21
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Yamamoto S, Yancey PG, Zuo Y, Ma LJ, Kaseda R, Fogo AB, Ichikawa I, Linton MF, Fazio S, Kon V. Macrophage polarization by angiotensin II-type 1 receptor aggravates renal injury-acceleration of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2856-64. [PMID: 21979434 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.237198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II is a major determinant of atherosclerosis. Although macrophages are the most abundant cells in atherosclerotic plaques and express angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), the pathophysiologic role of macrophage AT1 in atherogenesis remains uncertain. We examined the contribution of macrophage AT1 to accelerated atherosclerosis in an angiotensin II-responsive setting induced by uninephrectomy (UNx). METHODS AND RESULTS AT1(-/-) or AT1(+/+) marrow from apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice was transplanted into recipient apoE(-/-) mice with subsequent UNx or sham operation: apoE(-/-)/AT1(+/+)→apoE(-/-)+sham; apoE(-/-)/AT1(+/+) →apoE(-/-)+UNx; apoE(-/-)/AT1(-/-)→apoE(-/-)+sham; apoE(-/-)/AT1(-/-)→apoE(-/-)+UNx. No differences in body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, and serum creatinine were observed between the 2 UNx groups. ApoE(-/-)/AT1(+/+) →apoE(-/-)+UNx had significantly more atherosclerosis (16907±21473 versus 116071±8180 μm(2), P<0.05). By contrast, loss of macrophage AT1 which reduced local AT1 expression, prevented any effect of UNx on atherosclerosis (77174±9947 versus 75714±11333 μm(2), P=NS). Although UNx did not affect total macrophage content in the atheroma, lesions in apoE(-/-)/AT1(-/-)→apoE(-/-)+UNx had fewer classically activated macrophage phenotype (M1) and more alternatively activated phenotype (M2). Further, UNx did not affect plaque necrosis or apoptosis in apoE(-/-)/AT1(-/-)→apoE(-/-) whereas it significantly increased both (by 2- and 6-fold, respectively) in apoE(-/-)/AT1(+/+) →apoE(-/-) mice. Instead, apoE(-/-)/AT1(-/-)→apoE(-/-) had 5-fold-increase in macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies, indicating enhanced efferocytosis. In vitro studies confirmed blunted susceptibility to apoptosis, especially in M2 macrophages, and a more efficient phagocytic function of AT1(-/-) macrophages versus AT1(+/+). CONCLUSIONS AT1 receptor of bone marrow-derived macrophages worsens the extent and complexity of renal injury-induced atherosclerosis by shifting the macrophage phenotype to more M1 and less M2 through mechanisms that include increased apoptosis and impaired efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, C-4204 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232-2584, USA
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22
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Rateri DL, Howatt DA, Moorleghen JJ, Charnigo R, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Prolonged infusion of angiotensin II in apoE(-/-) mice promotes macrophage recruitment with continued expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysm. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1542-8. [PMID: 21763672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) infusion initiates abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development due to medial disruption and results in luminal dilation and thrombus formation. The objective of this study was to determine whether AAA progressed during protracted AngII infusion. Male apoE(-/-) mice were infused with AngII using miniosmotic pumps. On day 27, suprarenal aortic luminal diameters were ultrasonically measured to identify mice exhibiting AAAs. Mice were designated to three groups with similar mean luminal dilation. Group 1 mice were sacrificed on day 28. Group 2 and 3 mice were subsequently infused with saline or AngII, respectively, for an additional 56 days. In Group 2, saline infusion-after the initial 28 days of AngII infusion-led to an immediate decrease in systolic blood pressure. Over the subsequent 56 days of saline infusion, there were no aneurysm-related deaths or significant changes in luminal diameter. In contrast, continuous AngII infusion in Group 3 maintained persistently increased systolic blood pressure, with aneurysmal rupture-associated deaths, increased luminal diameters, and tissue remodeling. Aortic aneurysmal segments that expanded during continuous AngII infusion exhibited macrophage accumulation in regions of medial disruption, predominantly on the adventitial aspect. Macrophages immunostained for CD206 more than for iNOS, consistent with an M2 phenotype. In conclusion, prolonged AngII infusion promotes AAA expansion, and is associated with enhanced rupture rates and increased macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Rateri
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Suen RS, Rampersad SN, Stewart DJ, Courtman DW. Differential roles of endothelin-1 in angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E-null mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1549-59. [PMID: 21718678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because both endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (AngII) are independent mediators of arterial remodeling, we sought to determine the role of ET receptor inhibition in AngII-accelerated atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation. We administered saline or AngII and/or bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) for 7, 14, or 28 days to 6-week- and 6-month-old apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. AngII treatment increased aortic atherosclerosis, which was reduced by ERA. ET-1 immunostaining was localized to macrophage-rich regions in aneurysmal vessels. ERA did not prevent AngII-induced aneurysm formation but instead may have increased aneurysm incidence. In AngII-treated animals with aneurysms, ERA had a profound effect on the non-aneurysmal thoracic aorta via increasing wall thickness, collagen/elastin ratio, wall stiffness, and viscous responses. These observations were confirmed in acute in vitro collagen sheet production models in which ERA inhibited AngII's dose-dependent effect on collagen type 1 α 1 (COL1A1) gene transcription. However, chronic treatment reduced matrix metalloproteinase 2 mRNA expression but enhanced COL3A1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2 mRNA expressions. These data confirm a role for the ET system in AngII-accelerated atherosclerosis but suggest that ERA therapy is not protective against the formation of AngII-induced aneurysms and can paradoxically stimulate a chronic arterial matrix remodeling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée S Suen
- Terrence Donnelly Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sampson UK, Perati PR, Prins PA, Pham W, Liu Z, Harrell FE, Linton MF, Gore JC, Kon V, Fazio S. Quantitative estimates of the variability of in vivo sonographic measurements of the mouse aorta for studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms and related arterial diseases. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2011; 30:773-784. [PMID: 21632991 PMCID: PMC3810347 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2011.30.6.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burgeoning interest in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has led to experimental strategies to elucidate the disease process and attain pharmacologic regression using the apolipoprotein E(-/-) (ApoE(-/-)) mouse model of angiotensin-induced AAAs and in vivo sonography. However, the variability of in vivo sonographic measurements of the mouse aorta has not been established. Thus, our purpose was to determine quantitative estimates of the variability of in vivo sonographic measurements of the mouse aorta as a guide for the design and assessment of studies focused on regression of AAAs and related arterial diseases. METHODS We used Bland-Altman, locally weighted scatterplot-smoothing regression, and resampling (bootstrapping) methods for variability analyses of multiple in vivo short- and long-axis sonographic measurements of ApoE(-/-) mouse aortas. We measured distinct aortic sites in vivo at the baseline and after angiotensin-induced AAAs and ex vivo using digital calipers. RESULTS We analyzed 236 data points from 10 male mice (14 weeks old; mean weight ± SD, 29.7 ± 1.6 g). Overall intramouse differences between short- and long-axis and in vivo and ex vivo measurements were 0.038 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.031-0.046) and 0.085 (95% CI, 0.062-0.109) mm, respectively. Intermouse differences in short-axis measurements were 0.047 (95% CI, 0.042-0.053), 0.049 (95% CI, 0.044-0.055), and 0.039 (95% CI, 0.036-0.042) mm for infrarenal, suprarenal, and thoracic measurements, respectively; differences in long-axis measurements were 0.054 (95% CI, 0.044-0.064), 0.029 (95% CI, 0.024-0.034), and 0.046 (95% CI, 0.037-0.054) mm. Bland-Altman and locally weighted scatterplot-smoothing analyses showed excellent agreement between measures with no variation in discrepancies vis-à-vis the target measurement. CONCLUSIONS These data establish previously undefined estimates of measurement variability relevant for in vivo sonographic studies of AAA regression in a commonly studied mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu K Sampson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Kaneko H, Anzai T, Morisawa M, Kohno T, Nagai T, Anzai A, Takahashi T, Shimoda M, Sasaki A, Maekawa Y, Yoshimura K, Aoki H, Tsubota K, Yoshikawa T, Okada Y, Ogawa S, Fukuda K. Resveratrol prevents the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm through attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neovascularization. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:350-7. [PMID: 21530968 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effect of resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a plant-derived polyphenolic compound, on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHODS AAA was induced in mice by periaortic application of CaCl(2). NaCl (0.9%)-applied mice were used as a sham group. Mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of PBS (Sham/CON, AAA/CON, n=30 for each) or resveratrol (100 mg/kg/day) (AAA/RSVT, n=30). Six weeks after the operation, aortic tissue was excised for further examinations. RESULTS Aortic diameter was enlarged in AAA/CON compared with Sham/CON. Resveratrol treatment reduced the aneurysm size and inflammatory cell infiltration in the aortic wall compared with AAA/CON. Elastica Van Gieson staining showed destruction of the wavy morphology of the elastic lamellae in AAA/CON, while it was preserved in AAA/RSVT. The increased mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, CD68, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, p47, glutathione peroxidase (GPX)1 and GPX3 were attenuated by resveratrol treatment (all p<0.05). Administration of resveratrol decreased protein expression of phospho-p65 in AAA. The increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine-positive cell count and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-positive cell count in AAA were also reduced by resveratrol treatment. Zymographic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 was lower in AAA/RSVT compared with AAA/CON (both p<0.05). Compared with AAA/CON, Mac-2(+) macrophages and CD31(+) vessels in the aortic wall were decreased in AAA/RSVT (both p<0.05). CONCLUSION Treatment with resveratrol in mice prevented the development of CaCl(2)-induced AAA, in association with reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, neoangiogenesis, and extracellular matrix disruption. These findings suggest therapeutic potential of resveratrol for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Kaneko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto S, Zuo Y, Ma J, Yancey PG, Hunley TE, Motojima M, Fogo AB, Linton MF, Fazio S, Ichikawa I, Kon V. Oral activated charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) ameliorates extent and instability of atherosclerosis accelerated by kidney disease in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:2491-7. [PMID: 21245127 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular events are not only more common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but are more resistant to therapeutic interventions effective in the general population. The oral charcoal adsorbent, AST-120, currently used to delay start of dialysis, reduces circulating and tissue uremic toxins, which may contribute to vasculopathy, including atherosclerosis. We, therefore, investigated whether AST-120 affects CKD-induced atherosclerosis. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, a model of atherosclerosis, underwent uninephrectomy, subtotal nephrectomy or sham operation at 8 weeks of age and were treated with AST-120 after renal ablation. Atherosclerosis and its characteristics were assessed at 25 weeks of age. RESULTS Uninephrectomy and subtotal nephrectomised mice had significantly increased acceleration of atherosclerosis. AST-120 treatment dramatically reduced the atherosclerotic burden in mice with kidney damage, while there was no beneficial effect in sham-operated mice. The benefit was independent of blood pressure, serum total cholesterol or creatinine clearance. AST-120 significantly decreased necrotic areas and lessened aortic deposition of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate without affecting lesional macrophage or collagen content. Furthermore, AST-120 lessened aortic expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β messenger RNA. CONCLUSIONS AST-120 lessens the extent of atherosclerosis induced by kidney injury and alters lesion characteristics in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, resulting in plaques with a more stable phenotype with less necrosis and reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and loss of renal parenchyma accelerates atherosclerosis in animal models. Macrophages are central to atherogenesis because they regulate cholesterol traffic and inflammation in the arterial wall. CKD influences macrophage behavior at multiple levels, rendering them proatherogenic. Even at normal creatinine levels, macrophages from uninephrectomized Apoe(-/-) mice are enriched in cholesterol owing to downregulation of cholesterol transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 levels and activation of nuclear factor κB, which leads to impaired cholesterol efflux. Interestingly, treatment with an angiotensin-II-receptor blocker (ARB) improves these effects. Moreover, atherosclerotic aortas from Apoe(-/-) mice transplanted into renal-ablated normocholesterolemic recipients show plaque progression and increased macrophage content instead of the substantial regression seen in recipient mice with intact kidneys. ARBs reduce atherosclerosis development in mice with partial renal ablation. These results, combined with the clinical benefits of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and ARBs in patients with CKD, suggest an important role for the angiotensin system in the enhanced susceptibility to atherosclerosis seen across the spectrum of CKD. The role of macrophages could explain why these therapies may be effective in end-stage renal disease, one of the few conditions in which statins show no clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 383 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37332-6300, USA
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Yang LX, Ye JS, Guo RW, Liu H, Wang XM, Qi F, Guo C. The effect of the expression of angiotensin II on extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in macrophages is mediated via the AT1/COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:1033-40. [PMID: 20563831 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in THP-1 macrophages induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and the mechanism of EMMPRIN expression. METHODS THP-1 cells were cultured and induced into macrophages, then stimulated with 10(-6) mol/L Ang II. Levels of EMMPRIN gene and its protein were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) expression was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antagonists of the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT(1)R) and angiotensin type-2 receptor (AT(2)R) were used to inhibit the effect of Ang II, and PGE(2) added to detail the mechanism of Ang II-induced EMMPRIN expression. RESULTS Ang II clearly induced the expression of EMMPRIN mRNA and protein in macrophages; this expression peaked at 12 h and declined after 24 h. The tendency of enhancement of the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PGE(2) was coincident with EMMPRIN expression. AT(1)-receptor antagonists and COX-2 inhibitors inhibited the effect of Ang II, but AT(2)-receptor antagonists did not. CONCLUSION Ang II can up-regulate EMMPRIN expression in THP-1 macrophages via the AT(1)/COX-2/PGE(2) signal transduction pathway, and the effect can be inhibited by losartan and NS-398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-xia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area, Yunnan, 650032, China.
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Angiotensin II induces C-reactive protein expression through ERK1/2 and JNK signaling in human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:206-12. [PMID: 20538278 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in the vessel. As an inflammatory cytokine, C-reactive protein (CRP) participates in atherogenesis. Although angiotensin II (AngII) is known to evoke inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells (VECs), there is no direct evidence to demonstrate the proinflammatory effect of AngII on VECs through CRP. The present study focused on effect of AngII on CRP expression and the signal pathway in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS mRNA and protein expression was identified by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed by a fluorescence microscope. The results showed that AngII significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of CRP in HAECs in time- and concentration-dependent ways. Anti-IL-1beta and anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies did not affect AngII-induced CRP expression. Losartan reduced AngII-induced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in HAECs. Losartan and TIFA decreased AngII-stimulated ROS generation, and antioxidant NAC completely abolished AngII-induced CRP expression in HAECs. The further study indicated that losartan, NAC, PD98059, SP600125 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation, and PD98059, SP600125, PDTC completely antagonized AngII-induced CRP expression in HAECs. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that AngII has ability to induce CRP expression in HAECs through AT(1)-ROS-ERK1/2 and JNK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which strengthens understanding of the proinflammatory and proathroscerotic actions of AngII.
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Angiotensin II infusion promotes ascending aortic aneurysms: attenuation by CCR2 deficiency in apoE-/- mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 118:681-9. [PMID: 20088827 PMCID: PMC2841499 DOI: 10.1042/cs20090372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AngII (angiotensin II) induces atherosclerosis and AAAs (abdominal aortic aneurysms) through multiple proposed mechanisms, including chemotaxis. Therefore, we determined the effects of whole-body deficiency of the chemokine receptor CCR2 (CC chemokine receptor 2) on these diseases. To meet this objective, apoE (apolipoprotein E)−/− mice that were either CCR2+/+ or CCR2−/−, were infused with either saline or AngII (1000 ng·kg−1 of body weight·min−1) for 28 days via mini-osmotic pumps. Deficiency of CCR2 markedly attenuated both atherosclerosis and AAAs, unrelated to systolic blood pressure or plasma cholesterol concentrations. During the course of the present study, we also observed that AngII infusion led to large dilatations that were restricted to the ascending aortic region of apoE−/− mice. The aortic media in most of the dilated area was thickened. In regions of medial thickening, distinct elastin layers were discernable. There was an expansion of the distance between elastin layers in a gradient from the intimal to the adventitial aspect of the media. This pathology differed in a circumscribed area of the anterior region of ascending aortas in which elastin breaks were focal and almost transmural. All regions of the ascending aorta of AngII-infused mice had diffuse medial macrophage accumulation. Deficiency of CCR2 greatly attenuated the AngII-induced lumen dilatation in the ascending aorta. This new model of ascending aortic aneurysms has pathology that differs markedly from AngII-induced atherosclerosis or AAAs, but all vascular pathologies were attenuated by CCR2 deficiency.
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Golledge J, Cullen B, Rush C, Moran CS, Secomb E, Wood F, Daugherty A, Campbell JH, Norman PE. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands reduce aortic dilatation in a mouse model of aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2009; 210:51-6. [PMID: 19926086 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN) is associated with human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and in vitro studies suggest that this cytokine is downregulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligation. We examined the effect of two PPAR ligands within a mouse model of aortic aneurysm. METHODS At 11 weeks of age apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice were given pioglitazone (n=27), fenofibrate (n=27) or vehicle (n=27) in their drinking water. From 13 weeks of age mice received angiotensin II (1 microg/kg/min) infusion via subcutaneous pumps until death or 17 weeks when the aortas were harvested and maximum aortic diameters were recorded. Suprarenal aortic segments were assessed for OPN concentration and macrophage accumulation. Saline infused mice served as negative controls (n=22). RESULTS Angiotensin II induced marked dilatation in the suprarenal aorta (>2-fold increase compared to controls) associated with upregulation of the cytokines OPN and macrophage infiltration. Suprarenal aortic expansion was significantly reduced by administration of pioglitazone (mean diameter 1.61+/-0.11 mm, p=0.011) and fenofibrate (mean diameter 1.51+/-0.13 mm, p=0.001) compared to the vehicle control group (mean diameter 2.10+/-0.14 mm). Immunostaining for macrophages was reduced in mice treated with pioglitazone (median staining area 6.2%, interquartile range 4.1-7.2, p<0.001) and fenofibrate (median staining area 4.0%, interquartile range 2.2-6.1, p<0.001) compared to mice receiving vehicle control (median staining area 13.2%, interquartile range 8.4-20.0). CONCLUSION These findings suggest the potential value of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligation as a therapy for human AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Naggar JC, Welzig CM, Beasley D, Moulton KS, Park HJ, Galper JB. Simvastatin inhibits angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice: possible role of ERK. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1764-71. [PMID: 19729613 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.192609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease affecting almost 10% of the population over age 65. Generation of AAAs by infusion of angiotensin (Ang) II in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice is an animal model which supports an imbalance of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of AAA. The effect of statins on AngII-mediated AAA formation and the associated neovascularization is not known. Here we determined the effect of simvastatin and the ERK inhibitor, CI1040, on AngII-stimulated AAA formation. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice infused for 28 days with AngII using osmotic minipumps were treated with placebo, 10 mg/kg/d simvastatin, or 100 mg/kg/d CI1040. 95% of AngII-treated mice developed AAA with neovascularization of the lesion, increased ERK phosphorylation, MCP-1 secretion, and MMP activity. These effects were markedly reversed by simvastatin and in part by CI1040. Furthermore, simvastatin and the ERK inhibitor U0126 reversed AngII-stimulated angiogenesis and MMP secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These data support the conclusion that simvastatin interferes with AAA formation induced by AngII in ApoE(-/-) mice at least in part via ERK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Losartan inhibits monocytic adhesion induced by ADMA via downregulation of chemokine receptors in monocytes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; 65:457-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-008-0607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Inoue N, Muramatsu M, Jin D, Takai S, Hayashi T, Katayama H, Kitaura Y, Tamai H, Miyazaki M. Involvement of Vascular Angiotensin II-Forming Enzymes in the Progression of Aortic Abdominal Aneurysms in Angiotensin II- Infused ApoE-Deficient Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:164-71. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.e611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Daugherty A, Lu H, Rateri DL, Cassis LA. Augmentation of the renin-angiotensin system by hypercholesterolemia promotes vascular diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 3:625-636. [PMID: 19802341 DOI: 10.2217/17460875.3.6.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and aberrant cholesterol metabolism have generally been considered as independent mechanisms in the development of several vascular diseases. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent in both human and animal studies that many aspects of the RAS may be augmented by hypercholesterolemia, resulting in enhancement of the severity and occurrence of several vascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Some potential hypercholesterolemia-induced mechanisms have been demonstrated to increase activity of specific components of the RAS. These include increased AT1-receptor expression, increased responsiveness to Ang II and increased synthesis of angiotensin peptides. Future studies need to validate mechanisms of hypercholesterolemia-induced RAS activation in different vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daugherty
- University of Kentucky, Wethington Building, Room 521, Lexington, KY 40536-40200, USA, Tel.: +1 859 323 4933 ext. 81389, ,
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Lu H, Rateri DL, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. The role of the renin-angiotensin system in aortic aneurysmal diseases. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 10:99-106. [PMID: 18474175 PMCID: PMC2846534 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-008-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system has been invoked in the development of both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms. This has been demonstrated experimentally by the chronic subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II, which consistently leads to development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in mice. Angiotensin II-induced AAAs have highly heterogenous cellular and extracellular matrix characteristics throughout the aorta that change markedly with infusion duration. The mechanistic basis for the reproducible location of AAA development has not been elucidated, but many insights have been provided, especially regarding receptor and inflammatory mechanisms. A recent clinical study provided limited evidence for extrapolating these results to mechanisms of human AAAs. Experimental evidence has also demonstrated that antagonism of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors prevents ascending aortic aneurysms in a murine model of Marfan's syndrome. A clinical study is currently ongoing to demonstrate the efficacy of AT1 receptor antagonism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Debra L. Rateri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Huang F, Thompson JC, Wilson PG, Aung HH, Rutledge JC, Tannock LR. Angiotensin II increases vascular proteoglycan content preceding and contributing to atherosclerosis development. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:521-30. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700329-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is increasing in prevalence and it is important to understand factors that regulate adipose tissue lipid metabolism. Recently, endogenous expression of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in adipose tissue has been shown to have important effects on adipocyte lipid flux and gene expression. Adipose tissue is also a physiological target of angiotensin II (AII). OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to evaluate a potential regulatory effect for AII on adipose tissue apoE expression. RESULTS Infusion of AII into mice for 3 d significantly reduced apoE expression in adipocytes from freshly isolated adipose tissue. ApoE expression was unchanged by the AII infusion in the stromovascular fraction. In isolated human adipocytes, treatment with AII significantly reduced cellular and secreted apoprotein E (by 20-60%). Suppression of apoE expression was observed in sc adipocytes obtained from nonobese (body mass index < 30 kg/m(2)) donors, and in sc and omental adipocytes obtained from obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m(2)) donors. Evaluation of the effect of AII in matched sets of sc and omental adipocytes from three separate donors showed lower overall apoE expression in omental adipocytes in two of the donors, and a concordant down-regulation of apoE expression in sc and omental adipocytes from all three subjects. The specific AT(1) receptor blocker, valsartan, eliminated the effect of AII on adipocyte apoE expression. CONCLUSION Both apoE and components of the renin-angiotensin system are expressed in adipose tissue, and each has important effects on adipocyte lipid metabolism and gene expression. The regulatory interaction we have identified between these two pathways has important implications for a complete understanding of adipose tissue lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Daugherty A, Rateri DL, Cassis LA. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms in animals and humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1085:82-91. [PMID: 17182925 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1383.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mediators for the initiation, progression, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have not been defined. Recent evidence has demonstrated that chronic infusion of angiotensin II via subcutaneously placed osmotic pumps can reproducibly form AAAs in mice. The evolution of AngII-induced AAAs in these mice is complex. Rapid medial macrophage accumulation precedes transmedial breaks and large lumen expansion, which are restricted to the suprarenal aorta. After this initial phase, there is a more gradual rate of lumen expansion that is progressive with continued AngII exposure. There is extensive aortic remodeling during this gradual expansion phase. An initial prominent thrombus gradually resolves and is replaced by fibrous tissue containing several types of inflammatory cells. At prolonged intervals of AngII infusion, internal aortic diameters of the suprarenal aorta can increase up to fourfold compared to the same region in saline-infused mice. The extrapolation of these data in mice to the development of human AAAs remains to be determined. However, there are a considerable number of drugs available to potentially test the efficacy of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system on the progression of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daugherty
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0200, USA.
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Barisione C, Charnigo R, Howatt DA, Moorleghen JJ, Rateri DL, Daugherty A. Rapid dilation of the abdominal aorta during infusion of angiotensin II detected by noninvasive high-frequency ultrasonography. J Vasc Surg 2006; 44:372-6. [PMID: 16890871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) via subcutaneous osmotic pumps into mice promotes the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). These AngII-induced AAAs develop via a complex process in which there is a transmedial break, lumen dilation, thrombus formation, inflammation involving cells of both the innate and acquired immune systems, and remodeling. The recent development of a high-frequency ultrasound machine has permitted the noninvasive detection of murine abdominal aortas. We assessed the ability of a Visualsonics Vevo 660 high-resolution imaging system to detect AAAs and sequentially quantify the aortic luminal diameter. This system had 100% accuracy in detecting AngII-induced AAAs in vivo, with intrauser and interuser variation coefficients of less than 10% for quantification of the aortic lumen diameter. METHODS Male apolipoprotein E (apoE)(-/-) mice were infused subcutaneously with either saline or AngII and were monitored with this ultrasonic system to define the temporal changes in aortic lumen diameter. Aortic luminal diameters were measured in the aneurysm-susceptible region of the suprarenal aorta. For internal controls, abdominal aortic diameters were measured at the level of the left renal branch, because this landmark region did not dilate during AngII infusion. RESULTS Luminal diameters of the suprarenal aorta did not change significantly in saline-infused mice over 28 days of measurement (P = .71). In contrast, AngII infusion led to rapid dilation of suprarenal aortas during the initial 7 days of infusion (0.071 mm/d; P = .0037 for the change in the initial expansion rate). Further luminal diameter expansions occurred for the remaining 21 days of observation at a more modest rate (0.023 mm/d; P = .0001 for continued expansion after day 7). Within the initial 14 days of AngII infusion, some apoE(-/-) mice died as a result of rupture of the aorta in the suprarenal region. We had previously assumed that aortic dilation and rupture occurred simultaneously. However, in the AngII-infused mice that succumbed to aortic rupture, luminal diameters increased several days before death. CONCLUSIONS High-frequency ultrasonography demonstrated that suprarenal aortic expansion occurs rapidly after the initiation of AngII infusion into apoE(-/-) mice.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Rupture/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Rupture/etiology
- Aortic Rupture/pathology
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Dilatation, Pathologic/etiology
- Infusion Pumps, Implantable
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Reproducibility of Results
- Ultrasonography/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Barisione
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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41
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Thomas M, Gavrila D, McCormick ML, Miller FJ, Daugherty A, Cassis LA, Dellsperger KC, Weintraub NL. Deletion of p47phox attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 2006; 114:404-413. [PMID: 16864727 PMCID: PMC3974117 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.607168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vascular pathology in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase activity, leading to increased formation of superoxide (O2-). We reported that O2- levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and expression of the p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase are increased in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Here, we tested the hypothesis that deletion of p47phox will attenuate oxidative stress and AAA formation in Ang II-infused apoE-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Male apoE-/- and apoE-/-p47phox-/- mice received saline or Ang II (1000 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) infusion for 28 days, after which abdominal aortic weight and maximal diameter were determined. Aortic tissues and blood were examined for parameters of aneurysmal disease and oxidative stress. Ang II infusion induced AAAs in 90% of apoE-/- versus 16% of apo-/-p47phox-/- mice (P < 0.05). Abdominal aortic weight (14.1 +/- 3.2 versus 35.6 +/- 9.0 mg), maximal aortic diameter (1.5 +/- 0.2 versus 2.4 +/- 0.4 mm), aortic NADPH oxidase activity, and parameters of oxidative stress were reduced in apoE-/-p47phox-/- mice compared with apoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). In addition, aortic macrophage infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity were reduced in apoE-/-p47phox-/- mice compared with apoE-/- mice. Deletion of p47phox attenuated the pressor response to Ang II; however, coinfusion of phenylephrine with Ang II, which restored the Ang II pressor response, did not alter the protective effects of p47phox deletion on AAA formation. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of p47phox attenuates Ang II-induced AAA formation in apoE-/- mice, suggesting that NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in AAA formation in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manesh Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
| | - Dan Gavrila
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
| | - Kevin C Dellsperger
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T., M.L.M., D.G., F.J.M., N.L.W.) and Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology (M.L.M., F.J.M., N.L.W.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa (N.L.W.); Department of Internal Medicine (A.D.) and Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (K.C.D.)
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42
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Ferrario CM, Strawn WB. Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and proinflammatory mediators in cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:121-8. [PMID: 16784934 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mechanism in the initiation, progression, and clinical sequelae of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Angiotensin II, the major effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), plays a significant role in the advent and perpetuation of these inflammatory diseases, most notably in atherogenesis. Consequently, suppression of the influence of angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers may reduce or potentially reverse atherosclerosis and other inflammation-associated CVDs. Angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors exert anti-inflammatory actions and prevent or reduce the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Clinically, RAAS suppression reduces common carotid and femoral artery intima-media thickness, thus indicating moderation of the vascular disease process. These clinical benefits likely involve restraint of the deleterious effects of angiotensin II in addition to, or independent of, lowering blood pressure. Increasing evidence that the detection and monitoring of vascular inflammation are important tools in the management of atherosclerosis also implicates the RAAS in this pathogenic process. Inflammatory molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein have potential diagnostic and prognostic values in CVD and are modified by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Monitoring these markers may be crucial for determining which agents, or combinations of agents, will result in the most clinically beneficial outcomes for patients. Large-scale trials are still required to determine the effects of the long-term suppression of inflammation on CVDs through the use of RAAS modulating agents, as well as to determine how closely markers of inflammatory activity may correlate with CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ferrario
- Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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43
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Suganuma E, Zuo Y, Ayabe N, Ma J, Babaev VR, Linton MF, Fazio S, Ichikawa I, Fogo AB, Kon V. Antiatherogenic effects of angiotensin receptor antagonism in mild renal dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 17:433-41. [PMID: 16371432 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Renal damage that is characterized by activation of Ang II markedly potentiates the risk for atherosclerosis, even in the setting of subtle renal impairment. Therefore, whether antagonism of Ang II actions can modify atherosclerosis in a model of mild renal impairment was examined. Apolipoprotein E-deficient spontaneously hyperlipidemic mice underwent uninephrectomy (UNx) or sham operation (sham) followed by treatment with Ang II receptor antagonist losartan or hydralazine for 12 wk. While UNx did not increase the serum creatinine levels, BP and lipids were higher in UNx mice than in age-matched sham controls with intact kidneys. UNx caused a dramatic increase in the extent and the number of atherosclerotic lesions together with greater macrophage-positive area and more disruption in the elastin component of the extracellular matrix versus sham. Ang II antagonism dramatically decreased the UNx-induced acceleration in atherosclerosis in association with decreased macrophage content, linked to decreased macrophage migration in vitro with losartan but not with hydralazine. Aortae of mice treated with Ang II antagonism had fewer elastin breaks together with less immunostaining for the powerful elastolytic enzyme cathepsin S. None of these benefits was observed in the hydralazine-treated mice despite equivalent reduction in BP. These findings support an important role for endogenous Ang II in accelerated atherosclerosis in renal dysfunction and offer a therapeutic intervention with particular benefit in this setting through mechanisms that include reduced vascular macrophage infiltration and preservation of the elastin component of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Suganuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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