1
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Shapira M, Roguin A, Fayad I, Medlij L, khateeb A, Egbaria D, Amsalem N, Abu Fanne R. Predictive value of baseline alpha defensin level in patients with stable coronary artery disease: A retrospective single center study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 53:101465. [PMID: 39091435 PMCID: PMC11292519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a central role in atherogenesis. The major neutrophilic peptide alpha-defensin is a promising evolving risk factor for atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of alpha-defensin in predicting future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurrence in fully revascularized patients with stable CAD under optimal medical therapy. Methods and results We retrospectively examined the prognostic value of baseline plasma alpha-defensin levels in predicting MACE occurrence in 174 fully revascularized patients for stable CAD between March 2016 and January 2017. Alpha-defensin levels were found 20 % higher among demised patients (10,859 pg/ml, IQR [6,920 to 23,320] vs. 9,020 pg/ml, IQR [5,540 to 16,180] pg/ml, P = 0.15). The absolute increase in mortality risk in patients with alpha-defensin levels greater than the median values was 72.5 % (P = 0.33). Log-rank analysis proved both recurrent PCI for de novo lesions (14.9 % and 2.3 %) and the composite of mortality and recurrent PCI for de novo lesions (27.6 % vs. 9.2 %) were significantly related to alpha-defensin values greater than the median (>9200 pg/ml). Conclusion Baseline plasma alpha-defensin is an independent predictor of mortality and recurrent PCI among patients with stable CAD. Alpha-defensin may evolve as a promising factor in cardiovascular risk assessment beyond traditional risk factors. Targeting alpha-defensin to ameliorate MACE occurrence should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maanit Shapira
- Division of laboratories, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Ariel Roguin
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ibraheem Fayad
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Lina Medlij
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Aysha khateeb
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Dema Egbaria
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Naama Amsalem
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Rami Abu Fanne
- Faculty of Medicine - Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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2
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Higazi AAR, Maraga E, Baraghithy S, Udi S, Azar S, Saada A, Glaser B, Avrahami D, Abdeen S, Hamdan Z, Tam J, Fanne RA. Characterization of metabolic alterations in the lean metabolically unhealthy alpha defensin transgenic mice. iScience 2024; 27:108802. [PMID: 38318380 PMCID: PMC10839648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is consistently linked to dysmetabolism. In transgenic mice (Def+/+) model the neutrophilic peptide, alpha defensin, proved atherogenic. This phenotype occurred despite favorable cholesterol and glucose levels, and lower body weight and blood pressure. In this study, integration of metabolic&behavioral phenotyping system, endocrine, biochemical and mitochondrial assessment, pathological and immunohistochemical tests, and multiple challenge tests was established to explore the metabolic impact of alpha defensin. Compared to the control group, Def+/+ mice exhibited lower total energy expenditure and carbohydrate utilization, and higher fat oxidation. Their ACTH-cortisol and thyroid profiles were intact. Intriguingly, they had low levels of glucagon, with high ammonia, uric acid, triglyceride, and lactate. Mitochondrial evaluations were normal. Overall, defensin-induced hypoglucagonemia is associated with lipolysis, restricted glucose oxidation, and enhanced wasting. Def+/+ mice may be a useful model for studying the category of lean, apparently metabolically healthy, and atherosclerotic phenotype, with insight into a potential inflammatory-metabolic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Al-Roof Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Saja Baraghithy
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Isarel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Isarel
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Isarel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Suhair Abdeen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Zenab Hamdan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Rami Abu Fanne
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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3
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Zhang X, Kang Z, Yin D, Gao J. Role of neutrophils in different stages of atherosclerosis. Innate Immun 2023; 29:97-109. [PMID: 37491844 PMCID: PMC10468622 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231189195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of defense in human immunity and can be attracted to inflamed and infected sites by various chemokines. As essential players in immune processes, neutrophils theoretically play integral roles in the course of chronic inflammation-induced atherosclerosis. However, because neutrophils are rarely found in atherosclerotic lesions, their involvement in the pathophysiological progression of atherosclerosis has been largely underestimated or ignored. Recent research has revealed convincing evidence showing the presence of neutrophils in atherosclerotic lesions and has revealed neutrophil contributions to different atherosclerosis stages in mice and humans. This review describes the underlying mechanisms of neutrophils in different stages of atherosclerosis and highlights potential neutrophil-targeted therapeutic strategies relevant to atherosclerosis. An in-depth understanding of neutrophils' roles in atherosclerosis pathology will promote exploration of new methods for the prevention and treatment of atherogenesis and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanfang Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dazhong Yin
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
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4
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Devaux CA, Camoin-Jau L. An update on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 structure/functions, polymorphism, and duplicitous nature in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019: Implications for vascular and coagulation disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042200. [PMID: 36519165 PMCID: PMC9742611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for many years that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cell surface enzyme involved in the regulation of blood pressure. More recently, it was proven that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) interacts with ACE2 to enter susceptible human cells. This functional duality of ACE2 tends to explain why this molecule plays such an important role in the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the very start of the pandemic, a publication from our Institute (entitled "ACE2 receptor polymorphism: susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome"), was one of the first reviews linking COVID-19 to the duplicitous nature of ACE2. However, even given that COVID-19 pathophysiology may be driven by an imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), we were still far from understanding the complexity of the mechanisms which are controlled by ACE2 in different cell types. To gain insight into the physiopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is essential to consider the polymorphism and expression levels of the ACE2 gene (including its alternative isoforms). Over the past 2 years, an impressive amount of new results have come to shed light on the role of ACE2 in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, requiring us to update our analysis. Genetic linkage studies have been reported that highlight a relationship between ACE2 genetic variants and the risk of developing hypertension. Currently, many research efforts are being undertaken to understand the links between ACE2 polymorphism and the severity of COVID-19. In this review, we update the state of knowledge on the polymorphism of ACE2 and its consequences on the susceptibility of individuals to SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the link between the increase of angiotensin II levels among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and the development of a cytokine storm associated microvascular injury and obstructive thrombo-inflammatory syndrome, which represent the primary causes of severe forms of COVID-19 and lethality. Finally, we summarize the therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the severe forms of COVID-19 that target ACE2. Changing paradigms may help improve patients' therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Devaux
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU–Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital de La Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, Marseille, France
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5
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Abu Fanne R, Arbel Y, Chorin E, Maraga E, Groisman GM, Higazi AA, Banai S. Association between tissue human neutrophil peptide 1-3 levels and cardiovascular phenotype: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221127099. [PMID: 36268757 PMCID: PMC9597035 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation is associated with atherogenesis. Although a higher neutrophil
count is associated with the plaque burden, the role of neutrophil
activation is unclear. Human neutrophil peptides 1–3 (HNP1–3) are a risk
factor for atherogenesis in bench models and are elevated in human
atheromas. This study aimed to examine the association between skin HNP1–3
deposition and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), including
long-term outcomes. Methods HNP1–3 levels were immunohistochemically quantified in skin biopsies, which
were prospectively taken from 599 consecutive patients before clinically
indicated coronary angiography. Established cardiovascular risk factors and
blood markers for atheroinflammation were obtained. CAD severity and the
incidence of repeat revascularization and mortality at 48 months of
follow-up were assessed in relation to HNP1–3 levels. Results The risk of CAD was independently associated with age and HNP1–3 in the
entire cohort (F = 0.71 and F = 7.4, respectively). Additionally, HNP1–3
levels were significantly associated with myocardial necrosis (R = 0.26). At
the follow-up, high HNP1–3 levels negatively affected mortality (19.54%) and
recurrent revascularization (8.05%). Conclusion HNP1–3 tissue deposition is positively associated with the severity of CAD,
myonecrosis, and long-term sequelae. HNP1–3 levels may be suppressed using
colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abu Fanne
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera,
Israel,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah University
Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel,Rami Abu Fanne, Hillel Yaffe Medical
Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, POB 169, Hashalom Street,
Hadera 38100, Israel.
| | - Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated to
the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Chorin
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated to
the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emad Maraga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah University
Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Abd Alroof Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah University
Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated to
the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Shaat RM, El Meadawy S, Rizk EM, Elgawad MSA, Elsaid TO. The significance of α-defensins 1-3 in Behcet’s disease: a case-control study among Egyptian patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43166-020-00026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Behcet’s disease (BD) is associated with uveitis, oral ulcers, genital ulcers and arthritis. Enhanced activity of innate immunity components, such as neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells and endothelial cells, is a prominent feature of BD. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of α-defensins 1-3 in BD and detect their correlation with disease activity, severity and oral ulcer activity.
Results
Significant differences were found between Behcet’s patients and controls as regards serum α-defensins 1-3 (median 10.1, IQR 4–45 μg/ml versus median 7.4, IQR 0.6–13.2 μg/ml, p = 0.001) and salivary α-defensins 1-3 (median 17.4, IQR 5.7–44 μg/ml versus median 8.6, IQR 3.3–11 μg/ml, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) showed a fair area under curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.743), with sensitivity of 40% and specificity 100% at cutoff value of 17.3 μg/ml for serum α-defensins 1-3, while salivary α-defensins 1-3 showed excellent AUC (AUC = 0.936), with sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 86.7% at cutoff value of 9.8 μg/ml. The levels of serum and salivary α-defensins 1-3 > cutoff value were significantly higher in active severe Behcet’s patients with active oral ulcers (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
α-Defensins 1-3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of BD and could be valuable markers in the determination of disease activity, severity and oral ulcer activity.
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7
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Higazi M, Abdeen S, Abu-Fanne R, Heyman SN, Masarwy A, Bdeir K, Maraga E, Cines DB, Higazi AAR. Opposing effects of HNP1 (α-defensin-1) on plasma cholesterol and atherogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231582. [PMID: 32302327 PMCID: PMC7164655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the predominant cause of death in well-resourced countries, may develop in the presence of plasma lipid levels within the normal range. Inflammation may contribute to lesion development in these individuals, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Transgenic mice expressing α-def-1 released from activated neutrophils develop larger lipid and macrophage-rich lesions in the proximal aortae notwithstanding hypocholesterolemia caused by accelerated clearance of α-def-1/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) complexes from the plasma. The phenotype does not develop when the release of α-def-1 is prevented with colchicine. However, ApoE-/- mice crossed with α-def-1 mice or given exogenous α-def-1 develop smaller aortic lesions associated with reduced plasma cholesterol, suggesting a protective effect of accelerated LDL clearance. Experiments were performed to address this seeming paradox and to determine if α-def-1 might provide a means to lower cholesterol and thereby attenuate atherogenesis. We confirmed that exposing ApoE-/- mice to α-def-1 lowers total plasma cholesterol and decreases lesion size. However, lesion size was larger than in mice with total plasma cholesterol lowered to the same extent by inhibiting its adsorption or by ingesting a low-fat diet. Furthermore, α-def-1 levels correlated independently with lesion size in ApoE-/- mice. These studies show that α-def-1 has competing effects on atherogenesis. Although α-def-1 accelerates LDL clearance from plasma, it also stimulates deposition and retention of LDL in the vasculature, which may contribute to development of atherosclerosis in individuals with normal or even low plasma levels of cholesterol. Inhibiting α-def-1 may attenuate the impact of chronic inflammation on atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suhair Abdeen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami Abu-Fanne
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samuel N. Heyman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aseel Masarwy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Khalil Bdeir
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emad Maraga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Douglas B. Cines
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Abd Al-Roof Higazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Bei Y, Pan LL, Zhou Q, Zhao C, Xie Y, Wu C, Meng X, Gu H, Xu J, Zhou L, Sluijter JPG, Das S, Agerberth B, Sun J, Xiao J. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. BMC Med 2019; 17:42. [PMID: 30782145 PMCID: PMC6381635 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidins are a major group of natural antimicrobial peptides which play essential roles in regulating host defense and immunity. In addition to the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, recent studies have reported the involvement of cathelicidins in cardiovascular diseases by regulating inflammatory response and microvascular dysfunction. However, the role of cathelicidins in myocardial apoptosis upon cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains largely unknown. METHODS CRAMP (cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide) levels were measured in the heart and serum from I/R mice and in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes treated with oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGDR). Human serum cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (LL-37) levels were measured in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. The role of CRAMP in myocardial apoptosis upon I/R injury was investigated in mice injected with the CRAMP peptide and in CRAMP knockout (KO) mice, as well as in OGDR-treated cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We observed reduced CRAMP level in both heart and serum samples from I/R mice and in OGDR-treated cardiomyocytes, as well as reduced LL-37 level in MI patients. Knockdown of CRAMP enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and CRAMP KO mice displayed increased infarct size and myocardial apoptosis. In contrast, the CRAMP peptide reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and I/R injury. The CRAMP peptide inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activation of Akt and ERK1/2 and phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO3a. c-Jun was identified as a negative regulator of the CRAMP gene. Moreover, lower level of serum LL-37/neutrophil ratio was associated with readmission and/or death in MI patients during 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS CRAMP protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac I/R injury via activation of Akt and ERK and phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO3a. Increasing LL-37 might be a novel therapy for cardiac ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Cuimei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Chengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangmin Meng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Huanyu Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, F68, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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9
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The correlation between plasma human neutrophil peptide 1-3 levels and severity of coronary artery disease. ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES 2017; 1:e133-e138. [PMID: 28905035 PMCID: PMC5421531 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2016.64164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis, and discovering new biomarkers of inflammation is becoming important in order to uncover the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent studies have focused on polymorphonuclear neutrophils. It has been suggested that human neutrophil peptide 1-3 (HNP1-3) is proatherogenic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between plasma HNP1-3 levels and the severity of atherosclerosis via a generally accepted scoring system. Material and methods This cross-sectional, observational study included 107 consecutive patients suffering from stable angina pectoris and undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). Patients were divided into two groups according to the Gensini scoring (GS) system evaluating disease severity. Group 1 was composed of mild CAD patients with GS < 20 and group 2 consisted of severe CAD patients with GS ≥ 20. Plasma HNP1-3 levels were assessed by the ELISA method. Results The mean HNP1-3 levels were found to be lower in group 1 than group 2 (134.7 ng/ml vs. 147.5 ng/ml). HNP1-3 levels were significantly higher in the severe CAD group than the mild CAD group according to GS (p < 0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only age > 62 years and HNP1-3 > 134 ng/ml were independent predictors of the severity of CAD after adjusting for gender, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, family history of CAD and white blood cell count. In predicting the severity of CAD, the sensitivity and specificity of HNP1-3 were 83.9% (p < 0.001) and 58.8% (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions This study revealed that the plasma levels of HNP1-3 were significantly higher in severe CAD than mild CAD.
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10
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Boteanu RM, Suica VI, Uyy E, Ivan L, Dima SO, Popescu I, Simionescu M, Antohe F. Alarmins in chronic noncommunicable diseases: Atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. J Proteomics 2017; 153:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Increased alpha-defensin expression is associated with risk of coronary heart disease: a feasible predictive inflammatory biomarker of coronary heart disease in hyperlipidemia patients. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:117. [PMID: 27430968 PMCID: PMC4949746 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder of the heart vessels that develops over decades, coupling inflammatory mechanisms and elevated total cholesterol levels under the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Without effective intervention, atherosclerosis consequently causes coronary heart disease (CHD), which leads to increased risk of sudden death. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils play a pivotal role in inflammation and atherogenesis. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) or alpha (α)-defensins are cysteine-rich cation polypeptides that are produced and released from activated polymorphonuclear neutrophil granules during septic inflammation and acute coronary vascular disorders. HNPs cause endothelial cell dysfunction during early atherogenesis. In this cross-sectional study, control, hyperlipidemia and CHD groups were representative as atherosclerosis development and CHD complications. We aimed to assess the correlation between α-defensin expression and the development of CHD, and whether it was a useful predictive indicator for CHD risk. Methods First, DNA microarray analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Thai control, hyperlipidemia and CHD male patients (n = 7). Gene expression profiling revealed eight up-regulated genes common between hyperlipidemia and CHD patients, but not controls. We sought to verify and compare α-defensin expression among the groups using: 1) real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine α-defensin mRNA expression (n = 10), and 2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine plasma HNP 1–3 levels (n = 17). Statistically significant differences and correlations between groups were determined by the Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Rho-Spearman correlation, respectively. Results We found that α-defensin mRNA expression increased (mean 2-fold change) in the hyperlipidemia (p = 0.043) and CHD patients (p = 0.05) compared with the controls. CHD development moderately correlated with α-defensin mRNA expression (r = 0.429, p = 0.023) and with plasma HNP 1–3 levels (r = 0.486, p = 0.000). Conclusions Increased α-defensin expression is a potential inflammatory marker that may predict the risk of CHD development in Thai hyperlipidemia patients.
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Aragonès G, Auguet T, Guiu-Jurado E, Berlanga A, Curriu M, Martinez S, Alibalic A, Aguilar C, Hernández E, Camara ML, Canela N, Herrero P, Ruyra X, Martín-Paredero V, Richart C. Proteomic Profile of Unstable Atheroma Plaque: Increased Neutrophil Defensin 1, Clusterin, and Apolipoprotein E Levels in Carotid Secretome. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:933-44. [PMID: 26795031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of the clinical significance of carotid atherosclerosis, the search for novel biomarkers has become a priority. The aim of the present study was to compare the protein secretion profile of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP, n = 12) and nonatherosclerotic mammary artery (MA, n = 10) secretomes. We used a nontargeted proteomic approach that incorporated tandem immunoaffinity depletion, iTRAQ labeling, and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 162 proteins were quantified, of which 25 showed statistically significant differences in secretome levels between carotid atherosclerotic plaque and nondiseased mammary artery. We found increased levels of neutrophil defensin 1, apolipoprotein E, clusterin, and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein in CAP secretomes. Results were validated by ELISA assays. Also, differentially secreted proteins are involved in pathways such as focal adhesion and leukocyte transendothelial migration. In conclusion, this study provides a subset of identified proteins that are differently expressed in secretomes of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aragonès
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Tarragona 43007, Spain.,Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII , Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Alba Berlanga
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Marta Curriu
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Salomé Martinez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII , Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ajla Alibalic
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII , Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Esteban Hernández
- Servei Angiologia i Cirurgia Vascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII , Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - María-Luisa Camara
- Servei de Cirurgia Cardíaca, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Group of Research on Omic Methodologies (GROM), Centre for Omic Sciences (COS) , Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Group of Research on Omic Methodologies (GROM), Centre for Omic Sciences (COS) , Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Xavier Ruyra
- Servei de Cirurgia Cardíaca, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Servei Angiologia i Cirurgia Vascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII , Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR - Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Tarragona 43007, Spain.,Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII , Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Abu-Fanne R, Maraga E, Abd-Elrahman I, Hankin A, Blum G, Abdeen S, Hijazi N, Cines DB, Higazi AAR. α-Defensins Induce a Post-translational Modification of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) That Promotes Atherosclerosis at Normal Levels of Plasma Cholesterol. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2777-86. [PMID: 26518877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-half of the patients who develop clinical atherosclerosis have normal or only modest elevations in plasma lipids, indicating that additional mechanisms contribute to pathogenesis. In view of increasing evidence that inflammation contributes to atherogenesis, we studied the effect of human neutrophil α-defensins on low density lipoprotein (LDL) trafficking, metabolism, vascular deposition, and atherogenesis using transgenic mice expressing human α-defensins in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Def(+/+)). Accelerated Def(+/+) mice developed α-defensin·LDL complexes that accelerate the clearance of LDL from the circulation accompanied by enhanced vascular deposition and retention of LDL, induction of endothelial cathepsins, increased endothelial permeability to LDL, and the development of lipid streaks in the aortic roots when fed a regular diet and at normal plasma levels of LDL. Transplantation of bone marrow from Def(+/+) to WT mice increased LDL clearance, increased vascular permeability, and increased vascular deposition of LDL, whereas transplantation of WT bone marrow to Def(+/+) mice prevented these outcomes. The same outcome was obtained by treating Def(+/+) mice with colchicine to inhibit the release of α-defensins. These studies identify a potential new link between inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emad Maraga
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and
| | - Ihab Abd-Elrahman
- the School of Pharmacy, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem IL-91120, Israel and
| | - Aviel Hankin
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and
| | - Galia Blum
- the School of Pharmacy, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem IL-91120, Israel and
| | | | - Nuha Hijazi
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and
| | - Douglas B Cines
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine-University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Abd Al-Roof Higazi
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine-University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Christensen HM, Frystyk J, Faber J, Schou M, Flyvbjerg A, Hildebrandt P, Raymond I, Klausen TW, Kistorp C. α-Defensins and outcome in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 14:387-94. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M. Christensen
- Herlev University Hospital; Departments of Cardiology and Endocrinology; Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute of Medicine, Aarhus University and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Denmark
| | - Jens Faber
- Herlev University Hospital; Department of Endocrinology; Denmark
| | - Morten Schou
- Hillerød University Hospital; Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology; Denmark
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute of Medicine, Aarhus University and Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Denmark
| | - Per Hildebrandt
- Glostrup University Hospital; Department of Cardiology; Denmark
| | - Ilan Raymond
- Frederiksberg Hospital, Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology; Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Kistorp
- Herlev University Hospital; Department of Endocrinology; Denmark
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Glenthøj A, Glenthøj AJ, Borregaard N. ProHNPs are the principal α-defensins of human plasma. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:836-43. [PMID: 23718714 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) were discovered as abundant antimicrobial peptides of azurophil granules. Later studies revealed that most HNPs were produced by myelocytes and metamyelocytes and secreted into the bone marrow plasma as the inert proforms, proHNPs. Despite the vast amounts of proHNPs released into bone marrow plasma, little has been done to characterize these. Numerous studies have investigated HNPs in plasma, linking them to a variety of diseases, but without distinguishing between HNPs and their proforms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an antibody with specificity against the propiece of proHNPs to investigate proHNPs in plasma and tissue. RESULTS In contrast to previous studies using HNP antibodies, we found proHNPs to be many-fold more abundant than HNPs in plasma with a mean concentration of 2 μg/mL. The concentration was substantially higher in bone marrow plasma in accordance with the bone marrow being the site of origin of plasma proHNPs. ProHNPs were not bound to high molecular weight plasma proteins. Accordingly, proHNPs were filtered in the kidneys and resorbed in the proximal tubules. CONCLUSIONS Most HNPs in plasma are in fact proHNPs, which is important given the differences in their origin and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Glenthøj
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Urbonaviciene G, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Urbonavicius S, Henneberg EW, Lindholt JS. Markers of inflammation in relation to long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease. Int J Cardiol 2012; 160:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Neuwirth A, Dobeš J, Oujezdská J, Ballek O, Benešová M, Sumník Z, Včeláková J, Koloušková S, Obermannová B, Kolář M, Stechová K, Filipp D. Eosinophils from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus express high level of myeloid alpha-defensins and myeloperoxidase. Cell Immunol 2012; 273:158-63. [PMID: 22248881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Recently, small cationic α-defensin molecules have been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the α-defensin expression in patients with T1D and elucidate the cellular source of their production. Our results show that 30% of patients exhibit increased levels of α-defensin mRNAs in their capillary blood. Quantitative RT-PCR performed on FACS-sorted granulocytes identified CD15(dull)/CD14(weak) population as the cellular source of α-defensins. Surprisingly, this granulocyte subpopulation displayed augmentation of α-defensin expression in all T1D patients tested. The determination of cell surface markers, expression of cell-specific genes and confocal microscopy identified CD15(dull)/CD14(weak) cells as eosinophils. The presence of transcriptionally active eosinophils in diabetic patients suggests that eosinophils could be a part of an intricate innate immune cellular network involved in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Neuwirth
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhao H, Yan H, Yamashita S, Li W, Liu C, Chen Y, Zhou P, Chi Y, Wang S, Zhao B, Song L. Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is associated with decreased human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and increased human neutrophil peptide-1 to 3 in plasma. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 19:357-68. [PMID: 22186100 DOI: 10.5551/jat.10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Increasing evidence indicates that antimicrobial peptides, human neutrophil peptide-1, -2, and -3 (HNP1-3) and human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 are involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis; however, little is known about their circulating protein levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We therefore investigated whether their plasma levels are associated with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS Systemic or local (culprit artery) blood samples were obtained from 112 consecutive male subjects including no CAD (n = 31) controls, stable CAD (n = 44) and STEMI (n = 47). Plasma HNP1-3 and LL-37 levels were measured by the ready-to-use solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the sandwich principle. RESULTS Systemic HNP1-3 in STEMI was increased compared with no CAD (p = 0.000) and stable CAD (p = 0.008), and systemic HNP1-3 in stable CAD was higher than in no CAD (p = 0.004). Systemic LL-37 in STEMI was decreased compared with no CAD (p = 0.009) and stable CAD (p =0.001) and restored within 1 day following STEMI (p = 0.000). Local LL-37 levels in STEMI were higher than systemic levels (p = 0.013). The areas under the ROC curve of systemic HNP1-3 and LL-37 for STEMI were 0.717 (95% CI: 0.624, 0.811; p = 0.000) and 0.702 (95% CI: 0.609, 0.795; p = 0.000), respectively. In addition, ischemia time in the STEMI group correlated with systemic and local levels of HNP1-3 (rs = -0.360, p = 0.013; rs = 0.608, p = 0.000, respectively), and was also associated with systemic and local levels of hs-CRP (rs = 0.408, p = 0.004; rs = 0.425, p = 0.003, respectively), but not with those of LL-37 (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION STEMI was associated with transiently decreased LL-37, but persistently increased HNP1-3 in the systemic circulation and the diagnostic accuracy for STEMI were moderate. Future studies should pay more attention to their prognostic values for myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cadiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, China
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Quinn KL, Henriques M, Tabuchi A, Han B, Yang H, Cheng WE, Tole S, Yu H, Luo A, Charbonney E, Tullis E, Lazarus A, Robinson LA, Ni H, Peterson BR, Kuebler WM, Slutsky AS, Zhang H. Human neutrophil peptides mediate endothelial-monocyte interaction, foam cell formation, and platelet activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2070-9. [PMID: 21817096 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.227116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophils are involved in the inflammatory responses during atherosclerosis. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) released from activated neutrophils exert immune modulating properties. We hypothesized that HNPs play an important role in neutrophil-mediated inflammatory cardiovascular responses in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the role of HNPs in endothelial-leukocyte interaction, platelet activation, and foam cell formation in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that stimulation of human coronary artery endothelial cells with clinically relevant concentrations of HNPs resulted in monocyte adhesion and transmigration; induction of oxidative stress in human macrophages, which accelerates foam cell formation; and activation and aggregation of human platelets. The administration of superoxide dismutase or anti-CD36 antibody reduced foam cell formation and cholesterol efflux. Mice deficient in double genes of low-density lipoprotein receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), and mice deficient in a single gene of LRP8, the only LRP phenotype expressed in platelets, showed reduced leukocyte rolling and decreased platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in response to HNP stimulation. CONCLUSIONS HNPs exert proatherosclerotic properties that appear to be mediated through LRP8 signaling pathways, suggesting an important role for HNPs in the development of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran L Quinn
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Brodde MF, Kehrel BE. Markers of Blood Cell Activation and Complement Activation in Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor Concentrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 37:175-184. [PMID: 20823998 DOI: 10.1159/000316908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preparations of commercially available clotting factor VIII are complex protein mixtures. Most of them contain either von Willebrand factor or human serum albumin as stabilizers. The aim of the study was to quantify further proteins in twelve concentrates either of recombinant origin or derived from human plasma. METHODS: Proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Some proteins were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: Recombinant clotting factor preparations showed fewer protein spots in the 2D-PAGE, than plasma-derived preparations. Proteins identified in some of the plasma-derived concentrates included up to 90 ng/IU of the anaphylatoxin C3a, up to 40 ng/IU of the platelet a-granule protein thrombospondin-1, up to 0.85 ng/IU of the platelet a-granule protein platelet factor 4, 3.5 ng/IU myeloperoxidase secreted by leukocytes and up to 0.05 ng/IU of the leukocyte-secreted protein a-defensin. The protein content differed between concentrates from different manufacturers. CONCLUSIONS: The origin of the plasma used to prepare the factor concentrates might influence the protein impurities in these products. It is unknown whether the impurities observed have long-term consequences for chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Brodde
- Experimental und Clinical Hemostasis, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
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The Decrease of Serum Levels of Human Neutrophil Alpha-Defensins Parallels with the Surgery-Induced Amelioration of NASH in Obesity. Obes Surg 2010; 20:1682-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-010-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Blood-brain barrier permeability and tPA-mediated neurotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58:972-80. [PMID: 20060006 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) can induce neuronal apoptosis, disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and promote dilation of the cerebral vasculature. The timing, sequence and contributions of these and other deleterious effects of tPA and their contribution to post-ischemic brain damage after stroke, have not been fully elucidated. To dissociate the effects of tPA on BBB permeability, cerebral vasodilation and protease-dependent pathways, we developed several tPA mutants and PAI-1 derived peptides constructed by computerized homology modeling of tPA. Our data show that intravenous administration of human tPA to rats increases BBB permeability through a non-catalytic process that is associated with reversible neurotoxicity, brain damage, mortality and contributes significantly to its brief therapeutic window. Furthermore, our data show that inhibiting the effect of tPA on BBB function without affecting its catalytic activity, improves outcome and significantly extends its therapeutic window in mechanical as well as in thromboembolic models of stroke.
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Li Y. The role of antimicrobial peptides in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:525-35. [PMID: 18769235 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328312bffc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Quinn K, Henriques M, Parker T, Slutsky AS, Zhang H. Human neutrophil peptides: a novel potential mediator of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1817-24. [PMID: 18805897 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00472.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The traditional view of atherosclerosis has recently been expanded from a predominantly lipid retentive disease to a coupling of inflammatory mechanisms and dyslipidemia. Studies have suggested a novel role for polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-dominant inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs), also known as alpha-defensins, are secreted and released from PMN granules upon activation and are conventionally involved in microbial killing. Current evidence suggests an important immunomodulative role for these peptides. HNP levels are markedly increased in inflammatory diseases including sepsis and acute coronary syndromes. They have been found within the intima of human atherosclerotic arteries, and their deposition in the skin correlates with the severity of coronary artery diseases. HNPs form complexes with LDL in solution and increase LDL binding to the endothelial surface. HNPs have also been shown to contribute to endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism disorder, and the inhibition of fibrinolysis. Given the emerging relationship between PMN-dominant inflammation and atherosclerosis, HNPs may serve as a link between them and as a biological marker and potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery diseases and acute coronary syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Quinn
- The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Syeda F, Tullis E, Slutsky AS, Zhang H. Human neutrophil peptides upregulate expression of COX-2 and endothelin-1 by inducing oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294:H2769-74. [PMID: 18441204 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00211.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play an important role during inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) are released from PMN granules upon activation and are conventionally involved in microbial killing. Recent studies suggested that HNPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular abnormality by modulating inflammatory responses and vascular tone. Since HNPs directly interact with endothelium upon release from PMNs in the circulation, we tested the hypothesis that the stimulation with HNPs of endothelial cells modulates the expression of vasoactive by-products through altering cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated with purified HNPs, we observed a time- and dose-dependent increase in the expression of COX-2, whereas COX-1 levels remained unchanged. Despite an increased expression of COX-2 at the protein level, HNPs did not significantly enhance the COX-2 activity, thus the production of the prostaglandin PGI2. HNPs significantly induced the release of endothelin-1 (ET-1) as well as the formation of nitrotyrosine. The HNP-induced COX-2 and ET-1 production was attenuated by the treatment with the oxygen free radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine and the inhibitors of p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB, respectively. The angiontensin II pathway did not seem to be involved in the HNP-induced upregulation of COX-2 and ET-1 since the use of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril had no effect in this context. In conclusion, HNP may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases by activating endothelial cells to produce vasoactive by-products as a result of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farisa Syeda
- The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Canada
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Joseph G, Tarnow L, Astrup AS, Hansen TK, Parving HH, Flyvbjerg A, Frystyk J. Plasma alpha-defensin is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:1470-5. [PMID: 18211979 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT alpha-Defensins are antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system. In addition, experimental evidence suggests that alpha-defensins are proatherogenic. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the predictive value of plasma alpha-defensin as a clinical marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS In an observational, prospective design, 389 patients with long-lasting type 1 diabetes were examined for CVD at study start (1993; baseline) and followed up through the Danish National Register for a median of 10.1 yr (range 0.2-10.4 yr). Plasma was collected in 1993 and stored at -80 C until analysis of plasma alpha-defensin using an in-house RIA. RESULTS At baseline, plasma alpha-defensin was significantly higher in patients with than without nephropathy [median and interquartile ranges: 305 (205-321) vs. 223 (182-263) mug/liter; P < 0.0001]. During follow-up, 98 patients reached the primary end point (fatal and nonfatal events of CVD). Prospectively a baseline alpha-defensin within the upper vs. the lower tertile significantly increased the covariate-adjusted risk for CVD-related morbidity and mortality to a hazard ratio of 2.8 (1.3-5.9) (median and 95% confidence intervals, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION This study suggests that plasma alpha-defensin may serve as a clinical risk marker for CVD-related morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes. However, future studies are needed to clarify whether plasma alpha-defensin is causally linked to the development of CVD or an innocent bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowsini Joseph
- Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute and Medical Department M (Diabetes and Endocrinology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Genesis of plaque lesion as atherosclerosis is based on the involvement of endothelium and smooth muscle cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Agius
- Department of Pathology, St Luke's Hospital, Tal-Virtu, Rabat RBT09, Malta.
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