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Szustkiewicz-Karoń A, Schönborn M, Patrycja Pasieka, Płotek A, Maga P, Gregorczyk-Maga I. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Review. Angiology 2023; 74:909-947. [PMID: 36268801 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the most serious problem in public health, there is a need for new and efficient methods for screening and early detection. In the recent literature, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been gaining recognition as sources of many potential biomarkers of various systemic diseases, mainly because of correlation between the level of some compounds in the blood and saliva and association between the composition of saliva and health status. In this review, we summarize published findings of patients with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stroke in the context of clinical utility of saliva and GCF in diagnosing and assessing CVD severity. We hypothesize that substances in saliva including inflammatory markers, enzymes, or hormones might become novel contributors to the diagnosis and screening of CVDs. In particular, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), and cortisol seem to be the most promising. However, further investigation is warranted to determine the most effective markers and methods for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Schönborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pasieka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Płotek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Demina EP, Smutova V, Pan X, Fougerat A, Guo T, Zou C, Chakraberty R, Snarr BD, Shiao TC, Roy R, Orekhov AN, Miyagi T, Laffargue M, Sheppard DC, Cairo CW, Pshezhetsky AV. Neuraminidases 1 and 3 Trigger Atherosclerosis by Desialylating Low-Density Lipoproteins and Increasing Their Uptake by Macrophages. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018756. [PMID: 33554615 PMCID: PMC7955353 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic vascular disease atherosclerosis starts with an uptake of atherogenic modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) by resident macrophages, resulting in formation of arterial fatty streaks and eventually atheromatous plaques. Increased plasma sialic acid levels, increased neuraminidase activity, and reduced sialic acid LDL content have been previously associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in human patients, but the mechanism underlying this association has not been explored. Methods and Results We tested the hypothesis that neuraminidases contribute to development of atherosclerosis by removing sialic acid residues from glycan chains of the LDL glycoprotein and glycolipids. Atherosclerosis progression was investigated in apolipoprotein E and LDL receptor knockout mice with genetic deficiency of neuraminidases 1, 3, and 4 or those treated with specific neuraminidase inhibitors. We show that desialylation of the LDL glycoprotein, apolipoprotein B 100, by human neuraminidases 1 and 3 increases the uptake of human LDL by human cultured macrophages and by macrophages in aortic root lesions in Apoe-/- mice via asialoglycoprotein receptor 1. Genetic inactivation or pharmacological inhibition of neuraminidases 1 and 3 significantly delays formation of fatty streaks in the aortic root without affecting the plasma cholesterol and LDL levels in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mouse models of atherosclerosis. Conclusions Together, our results suggest that neuraminidases 1 and 3 trigger the initial phase of atherosclerosis and formation of aortic fatty streaks by desialylating LDL and increasing their uptake by resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina P Demina
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Victoria Smutova
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Xuefang Pan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Chunxia Zou
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Brendan D Snarr
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Tze C Shiao
- Department of Chemistry Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Rene Roy
- Department of Chemistry Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Taeko Miyagi
- Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute Natori Miyagi Japan
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUMR 1048Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Toulouse France
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
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Poznyak AV, Zhang D, Grechko AV, Wu WK, Orekhov AN. The role of sialic acids in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Minerva Cardioangiol 2020; 68:359-364. [PMID: 32472985 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.20.05145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of disease-related mortality around the globe. The main characteristic of the disease is an accumulation of plaque on the arterial wall and subsequent erosion or rupture of some plaques. Atherosclerosis often leads to cardiovascular disease and such acute complications as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke due to thrombus formation. Most recent advances in atherosclerotic research state that the modifications of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are one of the most significant stages in the disease initiation, and among these modifications desialylation is of particular interest. Sialic acids are widely expressed on all types of cells of many organisms and participate in numerous biological processes. Regarding atherosclerosis, sialidases that are responsible for the regulation of the sialic component of different molecules, are probably one of the most crucial enzymatic families. Sufficient sialylation of vascular endothelium defines its susceptibility to an atherogenic plaque formation. Moreover, the desialylation of LDL provokes an accumulation of cholesterol and lipids in the arterial walls. According to the multiple involvements of sialic acids and related enzymes, sialidases, in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, the deeper understanding of their exact role, as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms, will allow creating more targeted and effective therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia - .,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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Chandler KB, Costello CE, Rahimi N. Glycosylation in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Cells 2019; 8:E544. [PMID: 31195728 PMCID: PMC6627046 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Just as oncogene activation and tumor suppressor loss are hallmarks of tumor development, emerging evidence indicates that tumor microenvironment-mediated changes in glycosylation play a crucial functional role in tumor progression and metastasis. Hypoxia and inflammatory events regulate protein glycosylation in tumor cells and associated stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, which facilitates tumor progression and also modulates a patient's response to anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the impact of altered glycosylation on angiogenic signaling and endothelial cell adhesion, and the critical consequences of these changes in tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brown Chandler
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Deng X, Chen L, Yang X, Yu C. ST6GAL1 negatively regulates monocyte transendothelial migration and atherosclerosis development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:249-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deng X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen L, Yu C. TNF-α regulates the proteolytic degradation of ST6Gal-1 and endothelial cell-cell junctions through upregulating expression of BACE1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40256. [PMID: 28091531 PMCID: PMC5238365 DOI: 10.1038/srep40256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells are two critical steps in atherosclerosis development, and emerging evidence suggests that protein sialylation is involved in these processes. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α disrupted vascular endothelial cell-cell tight junctions and promoted monocyte endothelial cell adhesion. Western blotting and Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA) blotting analyses revealed that TNF-α treatment decreased α-2, 6-sialic acid transferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) levels and downregulated VE-Cadherin α-2, 6 sialylation. Further analysis demonstrated that TNF-α treatment upregulated β-site amyloid precursor protein enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, thus resulting in sequential ST6Gal-I proteolytic degradation. Furthermore, our results revealed that PKC signaling cascades were involved in TNF-α-induced BACE1 upregulation. Together, these results indicated that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α impairs endothelial tight junctions and promotes monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by upregulating BACE1 expression through activating PKC signaling and sequentially cleaving ST6Gal-I. Thus, inhibition of BACE1 expression may be a new approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Deng
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
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Medeiros LDB, Vitor-de-Lima SM, Lira Benevides RDD, do Egypto Queiroga RDCR, Araújo Guedes RC. Neonatal administration of goat whey modulates memory and cortical spreading depression in rats previously suckled under different litter sizes: Possible role of sialic acid. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:108-115. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1227762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yida Z, Imam MU, Ismail M, Wong W, Abdullah MA, Ideris A, Ismail N. N-Acetylneuraminic acid attenuates hypercoagulation on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:29046. [PMID: 26642300 PMCID: PMC4671315 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.29046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a type of sialic acid, has close links with cholesterol metabolism and is often used as a biomarker in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, most studies on the health implications of Neu5Ac have focused on its effects on the nervous system, while its effects on cardiovascular risk factors have largely been unreported. Thus, the effects of Neu5Ac on coagulation status in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats were evaluated in this study. Methods Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into five different groups and fed with HFD alone, HFD low-dose Neu5Ac, HFD high-dose Neu5Ac, HFD simvastatin (10 mg/kg day), and normal pellet alone. Food was given ad libitum while body weight of rats was measured weekly. After 12 weeks of intervention, rats were sacrificed and serum and tissue samples were collected for biochemistry and gene expression analysis, respectively. Results The results showed that Neu5Ac could improve lipid metabolism and hyperlipidemia-associated coagulation. Neu5Ac exerted comparable or sometimes better physiological effects than simvastatin, at biochemical and gene expression levels. Conclusions The data indicated that Neu5Ac prevented HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and associated hypercoagulation in rats through regulation of lipid-related and coagulation-related genes and, by extension, induced metabolite and protein changes. The implications of the present findings are that Neu5Ac may be used to prevent coagulation-related cardiovascular events in hyperlipidemic conditions. These findings are worth studying further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia;
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia;
| | - WaiTeng Wong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:602313. [PMID: 26688813 PMCID: PMC4673348 DOI: 10.1155/2015/602313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is a biomarker of cardiometabolic diseases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary Neu5Ac may improve cardiometabolic indices. A high fat diet (HFD) + Neu5Ac (50 or 400 mg/kg BW/day) was fed to rats and compared with HFD + simvastatin (10 mg/kg BW/day) or HFD alone for 12 weeks. Weights and serum biochemicals (lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin) were measured, and mRNA levels of insulin signaling genes were determined. The results indicated that low and high doses of sialic acid (SA) improved metabolic indices, although only the oral glucose tolerance test, serum triglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin were significantly better than those in the HFD and HFD + simvastatin groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that only high-dose SA significantly affected the transcription of hepatic and adipose tissue insulin signaling genes. The data suggested that SA prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance in rats after 12 weeks of administration through nontranscriptionally mediated biochemical changes that may have differentially sialylated glycoprotein structures at a low dose. At higher doses, SA induced transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling genes. These effects suggest that low and high doses of SA may produce similar metabolic outcomes in relation to insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms. These findings are worth studying further.
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Yida Z, Imam MU, Ismail M, Ismail N, Ideris A, Abdullah MA. High fat diet-induced inflammation and oxidative stress are attenuated by N-acetylneuraminic acid in rats. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:96. [PMID: 26498218 PMCID: PMC4619312 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serum sialic acid levels are positively correlated with coronary artery disease and inflammation. Although sialic acid is a non-specific marker, it is considered sensitive likely due to its influence in sialylation of glycoprotein structures all over the body. Objectives We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a type of sialic acid, will have profound effects on high fat diet- (HFD-) induced inflammation and oxidative stress in view of the widespread incorporation of sialic acid into glycoprotein structures in the body. Methods HFD-fed rats with or without simvastatin or Neu5Ac (50 and 400 mg/kg/day) were followed up for 12 weeks. Lipid profiles, and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), insulin resistance (serum insulin and adiponectin, oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model of insulin resistance) and oxidative stress (total antioxidant status and thiobarbituric acid reactive species) in the serum and liver were determined, while mRNA levels of hepatic antioxidant and inflammation genes were also quantified. Serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine and uric acid were also assessed. Results HFD feeding caused hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, and worsened liver and kidney functions. HFD feeding also potentiated inflammation and oxidative stress, partly through modulation of hepatic gene expression, while Neu5Ac especially at higher doses and simvastatin attenuated HFD-induced changes, although Neu5Ac showed better outcomes. Conclusions Based on the present results, we surmised that Neu5Ac can prevent HFD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and may in fact be useful in the prevention of hyperlipidemia-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the translational implications of these findings can only be determined after long-term effects are established. Hence, the use of Neu5Ac on obesity-related diseases requires additional attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, 067000, Chengde, Hebei, China.
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Mutation in ST6GALNAC5 identified in family with coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3595. [PMID: 24399302 PMCID: PMC3884232 DOI: 10.1038/srep03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify the genetic cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) in an Iranian pedigree. Genetic linkage analysis identified three loci with an LOD score of 2.2. Twelve sequence variations identified by exome sequencing were tested for segregation with disease. A p.Val99Met causing mutation in ST6GALNAC5 was considered the likely cause of CAD. ST6GALNAC5 encodes sialyltransferase 7e. The variation affects a highly conserved amino acid, was absent in 800 controls, and was predicted to damage protein function. ST6GALNAC5 is positioned within loci previously linked to CAD-associated parameters. While hypercholesterolemia was a prominent feature in the family, clinical and genetic data suggest that this condition is not caused by the mutation in ST6GALNAC5. Sequencing of ST6GALNAC5 in 160 Iranian patients revealed a candidate causative stop-loss mutation in two other patients. The p.Val99Met and stop-loss mutations both caused increased sialyltransferase activity. Sequence data from combined Iranian and US controls and CAD affected individuals provided evidence consistent with potential role of ST6GALNAC5 in CAD. We conclude that ST6GALNAC5 mutations can cause CAD. There is substantial literature suggesting a relation between sialyltransferase and sialic acid levels and coronary disease. Our findings provide strong evidence for the existence of this relation.
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Oktay S, Basar I, Emekli-Alturfan E, Malali E, Elemek E, Ayan F, Koldas L, Noyan U, Emekli N. Serum and saliva sialic acid in periodontitis patients with and without cardiovascular disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HAEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS 2011; 37:67-71. [PMID: 21372547 DOI: 10.1159/000321377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serum total sialic acid (sTSA) has recently been shown to be a cardiovascular risk factor. However, there is little information about the role of sTSA and TSA in saliva in periodontitis, a chronic and inflammatory disease known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate the changes in sTSA and TSA levels in saliva in patients having both periodontitis and CVD versus periodontitis patients without diagnosed CVD. The study group consisted of 26 patients with proven periodontitis and 26 controls with no diagnosed systemic disease but periodontitis. sTSA and saliva TSA levels were determined by the thiobarbituric acid method, and C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated by the nephelometric method. The severity of periodontitis has been determined by the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). TSA in blood and saliva and CRP levels in blood were significantly increased in CVD patients compared with the control group. CPITN ranged from 2 to 4 in both groups. Significant and positive correlations were found between sTSA and saliva SA levels in patients and controls and between tooth loss and TSA both in blood and saliva. Therefore, TSA in saliva may be a useful marker similar to sTSA in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehkar Oktay
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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