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Danielak D, Pawlak K, Główka F, Karaźniewicz-Łada M. Influence of Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of P2Y 12 Receptor on the Safety and Efficacy of Antiplatelet Drugs. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:621-636. [PMID: 35943672 PMCID: PMC11101369 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE P2Y12 receptor inhibitors are drugs that decrease the risk of stent thrombosis and lower the long-term risk of non-stent-related myocardial infarction and stroke. They inhibit the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the P2Y12 receptor and effectively reduce platelet reactivity. However, considerable variability in the pharmacodynamics response contributes to a failure of antiplatelet therapy; this phenomenon is especially notorious for older drugs, such as clopidogrel. Some genetic polymorphisms associated with these drugs' metabolic pathway, especially in the CYP2C19 gene, can significantly decrease antiplatelet efficacy. There are few reports on the variability stemming from the target of this drug class that is the P2Y12 receptor itself. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This review summarizes the results of research that focus on the influence of P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacodynamics and the efficacy of P2Y12 inhibitors. We found that the conclusions of the studies are unequivocal, and despite several strong candidates, such as G52T (rs6809699) or T744C (rs2046934), they may not be independent predictors of the inadequate response to the drug. Most probably, P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms contribute to the effect exerted by other gene variants (such as CYP2C19*2/*3/*17), drug interactions, or patient habits, such as smoking. Also, epigenetic modifications, such as methylation or miRNA levels, may play a role in the efficacy of antiplatelet treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Danielak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Kornel Pawlak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Franciszek Główka
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
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Su C, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tian M, Wu C, Zhang T. Association between P2Y1 and P2Y12 polymorphisms and acute myocardial infarction and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:41. [PMID: 36681816 PMCID: PMC9867862 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between P2Y1 and P2Y12 genotypes and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Quanzhou population and to determine associations between P2Y1 and P2Y12 genotypes and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in this population. METHODS All subjects were screened for P2Y1 (c.1622A > G) and P2Y12 (H1/H2, c.34C > T) polymorphisms by direct DNA sequencing. The maximal platelet aggregation rate (MAR) in AMI patients (n = 61) and healthy control subjects (n = 50) was measured by a PL-12 platelet function analyzer, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (5 μmol/L) was used as an agonist. RESULTS The haploid H2 allele in the P2Y12 gene was more frequent in patients with AMI than in control subjects (OR 1.887, P = 0.005). The P2Y12 H2 haplotype was significantly associated with AMI in the codominant (P = 0.008), dominant (OR 2.103, P = 0.003), and overdominant models (OR 2.133, P = 0.003). After adjusting for potential confounders, H2 haplotype carriers had a 2.132-fold increased risk for AMI (OR 2.132, P = 0.012) compared with noncarriers. Moreover, we observed that the ADP-induced MAR in the carriers of the H2 haplotype from the control group was somewhat higher than that in noncarriers of this group (P = 0.020). However, we failed to demonstrate that the P2Y1 H1/H2 polymorphism affected ADP-induced MAR in AMI patients. Additionally, P2Y1 c.1622A > and P2Y12 c.34C > T polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of AMI or ADP-induced MAR in either group. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our results suggest that the P2Y12 H2 haplotype was associated with a higher risk of AMI, while its effect on increased ADP-induced platelet aggregation remains to be investigated. Thus, the P2Y12 H2 haplotype may be a potential marker for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhishan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362002, Fujian, China
| | - Jintu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362002, Fujian, China
| | - Mengcha Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362002, Fujian, China
| | - Conglian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 248 East Street, Quanzhou, 362002, Fujian, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Fu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Lu Z, Xu Y, Fu L, Tan Y, Che D, Huang P, Pi L, Zhou H, Liang X, Zhang L, Gu X. P2RY12:rs7637803 TT variant genotype increases coronary artery aneurysm risk in Kawasaki disease in a southern Chinese population. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3066. [PMID: 30576025 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated-platelet increases the risk of thrombosis in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). The ADP pathway is one of the platelet activation and aggregation pathways. The P2RY12 gene encodes the ADP receptor that is highly concentrated on platelets. However, few studies have reported on P2RY12 in relation to KD susceptibility with or without CAA. METHODS We recruited 1335 healthy controls and 776 KD patients, including 103 with CAA, and selected five P2RY12 polymorphisms: rs9859538, rs1491974, rs7637803, rs6809699 and rs2046934. The present study focused on the relationship between the P2RY12 polymorphisms and KD with or without CAA. RESULTS Among all of the selected polymorphisms, single-locus analysis showed no significant association between the P2RY12 polymorphism and KD susceptibility. However, we found a significant relationship between rs7637803 and CAA risk in KD patients [CT versus CC: odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-0.75; p = 0.0041; TT versus CC: OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.12-7.46; p = 0.0276]. Stratification analysis by age in KD patients indicated that the rs7637803 TT genotype increased CAA formation risk among children aged (OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.42-10.69; p = 0.0081) and increased the onset risk of CAA in males (OR = 6.28, 95% CI = 2.01-19.65; p = 0.0016). The combined effect of the five selected P2RY12 risk genotypes with the KD patients compared to non-mutated P2RY12 genotypes (score: 0) showed that patients with P2RY12 genotype polymorphisms (score: 1-5) had a significantly increased CAA risk (p = 0.0086). Stratification analysis for the severity of CAA found that the rs7637803 TT genotype reduced giant CAA (GCAA) risk (OR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.70-12.41; p = 0.0026). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the P2RY12 rs7637803 genotype might be used as a biomarker to predict the occurrence of GCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Lu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufen Xu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqian Tan
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Pi
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Hernandez-Suarez DF, Tomassini-Fernandini JC, Cuevas A, Rosario-Berrios AN, Nuñez-Medina HJ, Padilla-Arroyo D, Rivera N, Liriano J, Vega-Roman RK, Renta JY, Melin K, Duconge J. Clinical Relevant Polymorphisms Affecting Clopidogrel Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Insights from the Puerto Rico Newborn Screening Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1115. [PMID: 29848980 PMCID: PMC6025039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Variations in several clopidogrel-pharmacogenes have been linked to clopidogrel response variability and clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine the frequency distribution of major polymorphisms on CYP2C19, PON1, ABCB1 and P2RY12 pharmacogenes in Puerto Ricans. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 200 unrelated "Guthrie" cards specimens from newborns registered in the Puerto Rican newborn screening program (PRNSP) between 2004 and 2014. Taqman® SNP assay techniques were used for genotyping. Results: Minor allele frequencies (MAF) were 46% for PON1 (rs662), 41% for ABCB1 (rs1045642), 14% for CYP2C19*17, 13% for CYP2C19*2, 12% for P2RY12-H2 and 0.3% for CYP2C19*4. No carriers of the CYP2C19*3 variants were detected. All alleles and genotype proportions were found to be in Hardy⁻Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Overall, there were no significant differences between MAFs of these variants in Puerto Ricans and the general population (n = 453) of the 1000 Genome project, except when comparisons to each individual parental group were performed (i.e., Africans, Europeans and East-Asians; p < 0.05). As expected, the prevalence of these markers in Puerto Ricans most resembled those in the 181 subjects from reference populations of the Americas. Conclusions: These prevalence data provide a necessary groundwork for future clinical studies of clopidogrel pharmacogenetics in Caribbean Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar F Hernandez-Suarez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medicine Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA.
| | | | - Angelica Cuevas
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
| | - Anyelis N Rosario-Berrios
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
| | - Héctor J Nuñez-Medina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medicine Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA.
| | - Dariana Padilla-Arroyo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Nannette Rivera
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
| | - Jennifer Liriano
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA.
| | - Rocio K Vega-Roman
- Department of Biology, Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Bayamon Campus, Bayamon, PR 00959, USA.
| | - Jessicca Y Renta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Kyle Melin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
| | - Jorge Duconge
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
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Association between P2RY12 gene polymorphisms and adverse clinical events in coronary artery disease patients treated with clopidogrel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gene 2018; 657:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lu SJ, Zhou XS, Zheng Q, Chen HL, Geng YL. Platelet membrane receptor P2Y12 H1/H2 polymorphism is highly associated with cerebral infarction: a case-control study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2225-2231. [PMID: 30214212 PMCID: PMC6121754 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s171213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the relationship between the polymorphisms of the H1/H2 gene of platelet membrane receptor P2Y12 and cerebral infarction (CI) in a Han population in North Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study, which involved 168 nonstoke subjects (contrast group) and 152 CI patients (CI group), was conducted. The state of subjects in the CI group was validated by computed tomography or MRI. The clinical data were categorized into two groups. The data included age, gender, smoking, drinking, shrinkage pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, serum uric acid, fibrinogen and homocysteine. The polymorphisms were genotyped with PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The distribution characteristics of nonstoke subjects and CI patients and the relationship between the polymorphisms of the H1/H2 gene of platelet membrane receptor P2Y12 and ischemic stroke were analyzed. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the contrast group and CI group (P>0.05) in terms of age, gender composition, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density protein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid and homocysteine. In contrast, significant differences were found between these two groups (P<0.01) in terms of SBP, DBP and plasma fibrinogen level. The genotyping revealed 112 carriers of the wild-type H1/H1 genotype and 40 carriers of the mutational H2 allele of P2Y12 H1/H2 in the CI group and 140 carriers of the wild-type H1/H1 genotype and 28 carriers of the mutational H2 allele of P2Y12 H1/H2 in the contrast group. Furthermore, the H1/H2 and H2/H2 gene frequencies (26.3%) were significantly higher in the CI group (χ2=4.440, P<0.05) than those in the contrast group (16.7%). Moreover, the frequencies of the H2 allele in the CI and contrast groups were 14.5% and 8.6%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.392, P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that factors associated with CI include systolic blood pressure and plasma fibrinogen level, which carry the -893T gene. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the H2 allele carriers had a 1.928-fold increased risk for CI (OR=1.928, 95% confidence interval: 1.137-3.188; P=0.038) when compared with noncarriers. CONCLUSION The present study found that hypertension and elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are significant risk factors for ischemic stroke and confirmed that the H1/H2 and H2/H2 genes of platelet membrane glycoprotein receptor P2Y12 are risk factors of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hong-Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan-Lei Geng
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People's Republic of China,
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Population-Specific Associations of Deleterious Rare Variants in Coding Region of P2RY1-P2RY12 Purinergic Receptor Genes in Large-Vessel Ischemic Stroke Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122678. [PMID: 29232918 PMCID: PMC5751280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of low-frequency and damaging genetic variants associated with platelet function to ischemic stroke (IS) susceptibility remains unknown. We employed a deep re-sequencing approach in Polish patients in order to investigate the contribution of rare variants (minor allele frequency, MAF < 1%) to the IS genetic susceptibility in this population. The genes selected for re-sequencing consisted of 26 genes coding for proteins associated with the surface membrane of platelets. Targeted pooled re-sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2500) was performed on genomic DNA of 500 cases (patients with history of clinically proven diagnosis of large-vessel IS) and 500 controls. After quality control and prioritization based on allele frequency and damaging probability, follow-up individual genotyping of deleterious rare variants was performed in patients from the original cohort. Gene-based analyses identified an association between IS and 6 rare functional and damaging variants in the purinergic genes (P2RY1 and P2RY12 locus). The predicted properties of the most damaging rare variants in P2RY1 and P2RY12 were confirmed by using mouse fibroblast cell cultures transfected with plasmid constructs containing cDNA of mutated variants (FLIPR on FlexStation3). This study identified a putative role for rare variants in P2RY1 and P2RY12 genes involved in platelet reactivity on large-vessel IS susceptibility in a Polish population.
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Yi X, Lin J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhou Q. Interaction among CYP2C8, GPIIIa and P2Y12 variants increase susceptibility to ischemic stroke in Chinese population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70811-70820. [PMID: 29050321 PMCID: PMC5642596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants in cytochrome P450 (CYP), platelet membrane receptor (P2Y12, P2Y1), and glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) genes are associated with the efficacy of clopidogrel and adverse clinical events on ischemic stroke (IS) patients. However, few studies have assessed whether gene-gene interactions among these genes influence the risk of IS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of fifteen variants with IS and to determine whether these gene-gene interactions increase the risk of IS. METHODS Fifteen variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, P2Y12, P2Y1 and GPIIIa genes were examined using mass spectrometry methods in 396 patients with IS and 378 controls. Gene-gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods. RESULTS Single-gene variant analysis showed no significant differences in the genotype distributions of the fifteen variants between IS patients and controls using the single-locus analytical approach. However, GMDR analysis showed a significant gene-gene interaction among rs17110453A>C, rs2317676A>G, and rs16863323C>T, which scored 10 for cross-validation consistency and 9 for the sign test (P = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis showed that high-risk interactions among rs17110453A>C, rs2317676A>G, and rs16863323C>T were independent risk factor for IS after adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hemoglobin A1C (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.17-5.62, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS The rs17110453A>C, rs2317676A>G, and rs16863323C>T three-loci interaction may confer a higher risk for IS. The combinatorial analysis used in this study may be helpful to elucidate complex genetic risk factors for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ju Zhou
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang, China
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Nie XY, Li JL, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yang XL, Fu Y, Liang GK, Lu Y, Liu J, Shi LW. Haplotype of platelet receptor P2RY12 gene is associated with residual clopidogrel on-treatment platelet reactivity. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:37-47. [PMID: 28070995 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a possible association between common variations of the P2RY12 and the residual clopidogrel on-treatment platelet reactivity after adjusting for the influence of CYP2C19 tested by thromboelastography (TEG). METHODS One hundred and eighty patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with clopidogrel and aspirin were included and platelet function was assessed by TEG. Five selected P2RY12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs6798347, rs6787801, rs6801273, rs6785930, and rs2046934), which cover the common variations in the P2RY12 gene and its regulatory regions, and three CYP2C19 SNPs (*2,*3,*17) were genotyped and possible haplotypes were analyzed. RESULTS The high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) prevalence defined by a platelet inhibition rate <30% by TEG in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-channel was 69 (38.33%). Six common haplotypes were inferred from four of the selected P2RY12 SNPs (denoted H0 to H5) according to the linkage disequilibrium R square (except for rs2046934). Haplotype H1 showed a significantly lower incidence of HTPR than the reference haplotype (H0) in the total study population while haplotypes H1 and H2 showed significantly lower incidences of HTPR than H0 in the nonsmoker subgroup after adjusting for CYP2C19 effects and demographic characteristics. rs2046934 (T744C) did not show any significant association with HTPR. CONCLUSIONS The combination of common P2RY12 variations including regulatory regions rather than rs2046934 (T744C) that related to pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in patients with ACS was independently associated with residual on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity. This is apart from the established association of the CYP2C19. This association seemed more important in the subgroup defined by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun-Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue-Li Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang-Kai Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lu-Wen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Priyadharsini R, Umamaheswaran G, Raja TAR, Arun Kumar AS, Subraja K, Dkhar SA, Satheesh S, Adithan C, Shewade DG. Frequency of single nucleotide platelet receptor gene polymorphism (P2Y12-i744T>C) in coronary artery disease patients among Tamilian population. J Community Genet 2017; 8:127-132. [PMID: 28255814 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activated P2Y12 receptor also plays a key role in platelet activation and aggregation. It has been found that common variation in the P2Y12 gene was associated with increased platelet aggregation resulting in adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Thus, polymorphisms in the ADP receptor P2Y12 may contribute to the development of CAD. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution of platelet receptor polymorphism P2Y12 (i744T>C) in Tamilian population and to predict its possible role in CAD. Three hundred seventy-one subjects were recruited comprising of 221 healthy volunteers and 150 patients with CAD belonging to either sex, aged 18-60 years of Tamilian origin. Genomic DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform method. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). The C allele frequency of P2Y12 polymorphism in controls and cases was 8.4% and 17.7%, respectively. The TT, TC, and CC genotype frequencies in controls and cases were 83.7%, 15.8%, 0.5% and 66.7%, 31.3%, 2%, respectively. The genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between the mutant genotypes of P2Y12 (i744T>C) polymorphism and risk of CAD. The odds ratio was found to be 2.6. The variant allele frequency of P2Y12-i744T>C was significantly different from other populations. There was a significant association between the mutant genotypes of P2Y12 (i744T>C) polymorphism and risk of developing CAD. Thus, the present study will emphasize on the relevance of pharmacogenetic testing of P2Y12 (i744T>C) receptor gene polymorphism in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Priyadharsini
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (IGMCRI), Puducherry, 605009, India.
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - G Umamaheswaran
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - T A R Raja
- Department of Pharmacology, Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences (MAPIMS), Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Arun Kumar
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
| | | | - S A Dkhar
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - S Satheesh
- Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - C Adithan
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMC&RI), Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, 607403, India
| | - D G Shewade
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India
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Pérez-Sen R, Gómez-Villafuertes R, Ortega F, Gualix J, Delicado EG, Miras-Portugal MT. An Update on P2Y 13 Receptor Signalling and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1051:139-168. [PMID: 28815513 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of nucleotide P2Y receptors across different tissues suggests that they fulfil key roles in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. P2Y13 is one of the latest P2Y receptors identified, a novel member of the Gi-coupled P2Y receptor subfamily that responds to ADP, together with P2Y12 and P2Y14. Pharmacological studies drew attention to this new ADP receptor, with a pharmacology that overlaps that of P2Y12 receptors but with unique features and roles. The P2RY12-14 genes all reside on human chromosome 3 at 3q25.1 and their strong sequence homology supports their evolutionary origin through gene duplication. Polymorphisms of P2Y13 receptors have been reported in different human populations, yet their consequences remain unknown. The P2Y13 receptor is versatile in its signalling, extending beyond the canonical signalling of a Gi-coupled receptor. Not only can it couple to different G proteins (Gs/Gq) but the P2Y13 receptor can also trigger several intracellular pathways related to the activation of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 axis. Moreover, the availability of P2Y13 receptor knockout mice has highlighted the specific functions in which it is involved, mainly in the regulation of cholesterol and glucose metabolism, bone homeostasis and aspects of central nervous system function like pain transmission and neuroprotection. This review summarizes our current understanding of this elusive receptor, not only at the pharmacological and molecular level but also, in terms of its signalling properties and specific functions, helping to clarify the involvement of P2Y13 receptors in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pérez-Sen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gualix
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Liu R, Zhou ZY, Chen YB, Li JL, Yu WB, Chen XM, Zhao M, Zhao YQ, Cai YF, Jin J, Huang M. Associations of CYP3A4, NR1I2, CYP2C19 and P2RY12 polymorphisms with clopidogrel resistance in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:882-8. [PMID: 27133299 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM There is a high incidence of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel resistance (CR) in Asian populations. Because clopidogrel is a prodrug, polymorphisms of genes encoding the enzymes involved in its biotransformation may be the primary influential factors. The goal of this study was to investigate the associations of polymorphisms of CYP3A4, NR1I2, CYP2C19 and P2RY12 genes with CR in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 191 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled. The patients were treated with clopidogrel for at least 5 days. Platelet function was measured by light transmission aggregometry. The SNPs NR1I2 (rs13059232), CYP3A4(*)1G (rs2242480), CYP2C19(*)2 (rs4244285) and P2RY12 (rs2046934) were genotyped. RESULTS The CR rate in this population was 36%. The CYP2C19(*)2 variant was a risk factor for CR ((*)2/(*)2+wt/(*)2 vs wt/wt, OR: 2.366, 95% CI: 1.180-4.741, P=0.014), whereas the CYP3A4(*)1G variant had a protective effect on CR ((*)1/(*)1 vs (*)1G/(*)1G+(*)1/(*)1G, OR: 2.360, 95% CI: 1.247-4.468, P=0.008). The NR1I2 (rs13059232) polymorphism was moderately associated with CR (CC vs TT+TC, OR: 0.533, 95% CI: 0.286-0.991, P=0.046). The C allele in P2RY12 (rs2046934) was predicted to be a protective factor for CR (CC+TC vs TT, OR 0.407, 95% CI: 0.191-0.867, P=0.018). In addition, an association was found between hypertension and CR (P=0.022). CONCLUSION The individuals with both the CYP2C19(*)2 allele and hypertension are at high risk of CR during anti-thrombosis therapy. The CYP3A4(*)1G allele, P2RY12 (rs2046934) C allele and NR1I2 (rs13059232) CC genotype may be protective factors for CR. The associated SNPs studied may be useful to predict clopidogrel resistance in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.
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Du G, Lin Q, Wang J. A brief review on the mechanisms of aspirin resistance. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:21-6. [PMID: 27372038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin is the most widely prescribed drug for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, a large number of patients continue to experience thromboembolic events despite aspirin therapy, a phenomenon referred to as aspirin resistance or treatment failure. Aspirin resistance is often observed along with a high incidence of unstable plaque, cardiovascular events and cerebrovascular accident. Studies have shown that aspirin reduces the production of TXA2, but not totally inhibits the activation of platelets. In this review, we analyze current and past research on aspirin resistance, presenting important summaries of results regarding the potential contributive roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms, inflammation, metabolic syndrome and miRNAs. The aim of this article is to provide a brief review on aspirin resistance and platelet function, which will provide important insights into the research of aspirin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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15
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Milanowski L, Pordzik J, Janicki PK, Postula M. Common genetic variants in platelet surface receptors and its association with ischemic stroke. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:953-71. [PMID: 27269246 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.16.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has been named one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Whereas numerous biological mechanisms and molecules were found to be associated with stroke, platelets are particularly contributive to its pathogenesis. Recent data indicate considerable variability in platelet phenotype which accounts for differences in platelet surface receptor function, count and reactivity. These features collectively influence both the events leading to a disease and effectiveness of antiplatelet therapies. Consequently, genetic variants predisposing to cerebrovascular diseases can be sequenced using a wide array of techniques and become a useful tool in clinical setting. In this review, we provide an outline of common platelet polymorphisms that impose risk on ischemic stroke development and should be evaluated as targets to improve treatment. As study results are often inconsistent, partly due to differences in demographic characteristics between study populations and the fact that the functional impact of these variants has been relatively small, we conclude that both rare, low-frequency and common variants might account for genetic contribution on abnormal platelet response to antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Milanowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Pordzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr K Janicki
- Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland.,Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Effect of genetic variation in P2Y12 on TRAP-stimulated platelet response in healthy subjects. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2015; 38:372-9. [PMID: 24510678 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-014-1058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In platelets, thrombin receptor signaling depends upon the release of adenosine diphosphate and subsequent activation at purinergic subtype Y (P2Y) receptors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of specific P2Y12 polymorphisms on platelet reactivity in healthy subjects mediated by thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP). We recruited a total of 29 healthy volunteers who had been previously genotyped for two polymorphisms of the P2Y12 receptor: the H2 haplotype (rs2046934) and 34C>T (rs6785930). Flow cytometry and the VerifyNow assay were used to assess platelet activation and aggregation stimulated by TRAP in the presence and absence of specific receptor antagonists for the P2Y1, P2Y12, and thromboxane A2 receptors. We identified a significant recessive effect of the P2Y12-receptor H2 haplotype on TRAP-induced flow cytometry. Specifically, H2/H2 carriers (n = 5) demonstrated a significant reduction in both glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor activation (p < 0.001) and CD62P expression (p = 0.035). While the VerifyNow assay did not reveal any effect of haplotype on TRAP-mediated platelet aggregation (p = 0.72), the H2/H2 subjects demonstrated greater platelet inhibition in the presence of cangrelor, a specific receptor antagonist for the P2Y12 receptor (p = 0.023). No consistent effects of the separate 34C>T genotype (rs6785930) were demonstrated under the conditions evaluated. The findings of this study suggest a potential association between P2Y12-receptor H2/H2 carriers and reduced platelet function mediated by TRAP in healthy volunteers.
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Zhang JH, Wang J, Tang XF, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Ma YL, Xu B, Gao RL, Song L, Gao Z, Chen J, Wu Y, Yang YJ, Meng XM, Yuan JQ. Effect of platelet receptor gene polymorphisms on outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. Platelets 2015; 27:75-9. [PMID: 25901734 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1034096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in platelet receptor genes may influence platelet function. This study aimed to assess the impact of five polymorphisms of genes encoding platelet receptors on the risk of ischemic and bleeding events in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). 503 consecutive Chinese patients with STEMI after an uneventful PCI and exposed to standard dual antiplatelet therapy for 12 months were enrolled. Polymorphisms of platelet receptors, GPIa (ITGA2, 807C > T, rs1126643), GPVI (GP6, 13254T > C, rs1613662), PAR-1 (F2R, IVS-14A > T, rs168753) and P2Y12 (P2RY12, 34C > T, rs6785930 and H1/H2 haplotype, 52G > T, rs6809699) were detected by the ligase detection reaction. The follow-up period was 12 months. Overall, 34 (6.8%) ischemic events occurred and 46 (9.1%) major bleedings occurred. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the carriage of F2R rs168753 minor allele was an independent predictor of the composite ischemic events (HR 0.387, 95% CI 0.193-0.778, p = 0.008) after adjusted for established risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression model identified that carriage of P2RY12 rs6809699 minor allele (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.298-5.659, p = 0.008) was an independent predictor of major bleedings. The associations were then validated in a second cohort of 483 STEMI patients. In STEMI patients after PCI, F2R rs168753 minor allele could significantly contribute to the risk of ischemic events, and P2RY12 rs6809699 minor allele could predict bleedings. The genetic testing of platelet receptors can be valuable in predicting adverse events in STEMI patients after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Tang
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yao
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Liang Ma
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Lin Gao
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Gao
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Chen
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Min Meng
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Qing Yuan
- a Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease , Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Ye H, Zhou A, Hong Q, Chen X, Xin Y, Tang L, Dai D, Ji H, Xu M, Wang DW, Duan S. Association of seven thrombotic pathway gene CpG-SNPs with coronary heart disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 72:98-102. [PMID: 26054681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been considered a thromboembolic arterial diseases. The aim of this case-control study was to explore whether the CpG-SNPs of the thrombotic pathway genes contributed to the risk of CHD. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 784 CHD patients and 738 healthy controls were recruited in the current association study, which evaluated 7 CpG-SNPs of the thrombotic pathway genes. The CpG-SNPs included THBS4 rs17878919, CYP2C19 rs12773342, P2RY12 rs1491974, ITGA2 rs26680, FGB rs2227389, F7 rs510317 and F5 rs2269648. SNP genotyping was performed with a Sequenom Mass Spectrometry Genetic Analyzer. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that CYP2C19 rs12773342 polymorphism was significantly associated with CHD in the recessive model (χ(2)=5.41, df=1, P=0.020, OR=1.455, 95% CI=1.060-1.996). A breakdown analysis by age showed that the association of CYP2C19 rs12773342 with CHD was mainly found in individuals aged 55-65 (genotype: χ(2)=7.93, df=2, P=0.019; allele: χ(2)=4.45, df=1, P=0.035). In addition, we also observed a significant association between F7 rs510317 polymorphism and CHD in males (genotype: χ(2)=7.24, df=2, P=0.027). There was no significant association with CHD for the remaining CpG-SNPs. CONCLUSION Our results supported that the CYP2C19 rs12773342 and F7 rs510317 polymorphisms were associated with CHD in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadan Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Annan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxiao Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfei Xin
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongjun Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Jones ML, Norman JE, Morgan NV, Mundell SJ, Lordkipanidzé M, Lowe GC, Daly ME, Simpson MA, Drake S, Watson SP, Mumford AD. Diversity and impact of rare variants in genes encoding the platelet G protein-coupled receptors. Thromb Haemost 2015; 113:826-37. [PMID: 25567036 PMCID: PMC4510585 DOI: 10.1160/th14-08-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelet responses to activating agonists are influenced by common population variants within or near G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes that affect receptor activity. However, the impact of rare GPCR gene variants is unknown. We describe the rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the coding and splice regions of 18 GPCR genes in 7,595 exomes from the 1,000-genomes and Exome Sequencing Project databases and in 31 cases with inherited platelet function disorders (IPFDs). In the population databases, the GPCR gene target regions contained 740 SNVs (318 synonymous, 410 missense, 7 stop gain and 6 splice region) of which 70 % had global minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.05 %. Functional annotation using six computational algorithms, experimental evidence and structural data identified 156/740 (21 %) SNVs as potentially damaging to GPCR function, most commonly in regions encoding the transmembrane and C-terminal intracellular receptor domains. In 31 index cases with IPFDs (Gi-pathway defect n=15; secretion defect n=11; thromboxane pathway defect n=3 and complex defect n=2) there were 256 SNVs in the target regions of 15 stimulatory platelet GPCRs (34 unique; 12 with MAF< 1 % and 22 with MAF≥ 1 %). These included rare variants predicting R122H, P258T and V207A substitutions in the P2Y12 receptor that were annotated as potentially damaging, but only partially explained the platelet function defects in each case. Our data highlight that potentially damaging variants in platelet GPCR genes have low individual frequencies, but are collectively abundant in the population. Potentially damaging variants are also present in pedigrees with IPFDs and may contribute to complex laboratory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew D Mumford
- Dr. A. D. Mumford, University of Bristol, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom, Tel.: +44 117 3423152, Fax: +44 117 3424036, E-mail
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Freyburger G, Labrouche S, Hubert C, Bauduer F. Haemostaseome-associated SNPs: has the thrombotic phenotype a greater influence than ethnicity? GMT study from Aquitaine including Basque individuals. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:66-76. [PMID: 25374097 DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Genetic Markers for Thrombosis (GMT) study compared the relative influence of ethnicity and thrombotic phenotype regarding the distribution of SNPs implicated in haemostasis pathophysiology ("haemostaseome"). We assessed 384 SNPs in three groups, each of 480 subjects: 1) general population of Aquitaine region (Southwestern France) used as control; 2) patients with venous thromboembolism from the same area; and 3) autochthonous Basques, a genetic isolate, who demonstrate unusual characteristics regarding the coagulation system. This study sought to evaluate i) the value of looking for a large number of genes in order to identify new genetic markers of thrombosis, ii) the value of investigating low risk factors and potential preferential associations, iii) the impact of ethnicity on the characterisation of markers for thrombosis. We did not detect any previously unrecognised SNP significantly associated with thrombosis risk or any preferential associations of low-risk factors in patients with thrombosis. The sum of ϰ² values for our 110 significant SNPs demonstrated a smaller genetic distance between patients and controls (321 cumulated ϰ² value) than between Basques and controls (1,570 cumulated ϰ² value). Hence, our study confirms the genetic particularity of Basques especially regarding a significantly lower expression of the non-O blood group (p< 0.0004). This is mitigated by a higher prevalence of factor II Leiden (p< 0.02) while factor V Leiden prevalence does not differ. Numerous other differences covering a wide range of proteins of the haemostaseome may result in an overall different genetic risk for venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Freyburger
- Geneviève Freyburger, Laboratory for Hematology, CHU Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France, Tel.: +335 57 820 206, Fax: +335 56 79 60 20, E-mail:
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Burnstock G, Ralevic V. Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:102-92. [PMID: 24335194 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves to cause vasoconstriction via P2X1 receptors, whereas ATP released from endothelial cells in response to changes in blood flow (producing shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2X and P2Y receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which dilates vessels. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. In this review, we stress the differences in neural and endothelial factors in purinergic control of different blood vessels. The long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides in promoting migration and proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis and vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty are described. The pathophysiology of blood vessels and therapeutic potential of purinergic agents in diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia, thrombosis and stroke, diabetes, and migraine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Effect of P2Y1 and P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms on the ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a Korean population. Thromb Res 2013; 132:221-6. [PMID: 23849096 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors are expressed in platelet membranes and are involved in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Genetic polymorphisms of P2Y1 and P2Y12 play a major role in the variation of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and in response in antiplatelet therapy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the allele frequencies of P2Y1 and P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms in a Korean population and to assess their role in ADP (5 μmol/L)-induced maximal platelet aggregation. METHODS P2Y1 (c.1622A>G) and P2Y12 (i-139C>T, i-744T>C, i-ins801, c.52G>T, c.34C>T) polymorphisms were analyzed in 158 Korean healthy participants using pyrosequencing methods. Their ADP-induced maximal platelet aggregation was assessed by the turbidometric method. RESULTS The observed allele frequencies of P2Y1 and P2Y12 were as follows: 0.3101 for P2Y1 c.1622A>G; 0.1804 for P2Y12 i-139C>T, 0.1804 for i-744T>C, 0.1804 for i-801insA, 0.1266 for P2Y12 c.52G>T, and 0.2658 for P2Y12 c.34C>T. ADP-induced maximal platelet aggregation was not influenced by the P2Y1 c.1622A>G polymorphism and was also not affected by three intronic P2Y12 polymorphisms and the P2Y12 c.34C>T polymorphism. However, the P2Y12 c.52G>T polymorphism caused a substantial difference in ADP-induced maximal platelet aggregation (62.75% for c.52GG, 66.27% for c.52GT, and 80.60% for c.52TT; P=0.0092). CONCLUSIONS The P2Y1 and P2Y12 genes were very polymorphic in a Korean population. Three intronic P2Y12 polymorphisms (i-139C>T, i-744T>C, i-801insA) were in complete linkage disequilibrium but not with the c.52C>T polymorphism in this population. Maximal platelet aggregation in response to ADP is associated with the c.52C>T polymorphism but not with the three intronic polymorphisms or the P2Y1 c.1622A>T polymorphism.
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Fitzgerald DJ, Fitzgerald GA. Historical lessons in translational medicine: cyclooxygenase inhibition and P2Y12 antagonism. Circ Res 2013; 112:174-94. [PMID: 23287454 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of drugs that inhibit platelets has been driven by a combination of clinical insights, fundamental science, and sheer luck. The process has evolved as the days of stumbling on therapeutic gems, such as aspirin, have long passed and have been replaced by an arduous process in which a drug is designed to target a specific protein implicated in a well-characterized pathophysiological process, or so we would like to believe. The development of antiplatelet therapy illustrates the importance of understanding the mechanisms of disease and the pharmacology of the compounds we develop, coupled with careful clinical experimentation and observation and, yes, still, a fair bit of luck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond J Fitzgerald
- UCD Conway Institute and Java Clinical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Bunyavanich S, Boyce JA, Raby BA, Weiss ST. Gene-by-environment effect of house dust mite on purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2RY12) and lung function in children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:229-37. [PMID: 22010907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinct receptors likely exist for leukotriene (LT)E(4), a potent mediator of airway inflammation. Purinergic receptor P2Y12 is needed for LTE(4)-induced airways inflammation, and P2Y12 antagonism attenuates house dust mite-induced pulmonary eosinophilia in mice. Although experimental data support a role for P2Y12 in airway inflammation, its role in human asthma has never been studied. OBJECTIVE To test for association between variants in the P2Y12 gene (P2RY12) and lung function in human subjects with asthma, and to examine for gene-by-environment interaction with house dust mite exposure. METHODS Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in P2RY12 were genotyped in 422 children with asthma and their parents (n = 1266). Using family based methods, we tested for associations between these SNPs and five lung function measures. We performed haplotype association analyses and tested for gene-by-environment interactions using house dust mite exposure. We used the false discovery rate to account for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Five SNPs in P2RY12 were associated with multiple lung function measures (P-values 0.006–0.025). Haplotypes in P2RY12 were also associated with lung function (P-values 0.0055–0.046). House dust mite exposure modulated associations between P2RY12 and lung function, with minor allele homozygotes exposed to house dust mite demonstrating worse lung function than those unexposed (significant interaction P-values 0.0028–0.040). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The P2RY12 variants were associated with lung function in a large family-based asthma cohort. House dust mite exposure caused significant gene-by-environment effects. Our findings add the first human evidence to experimental data supporting a role for P2Y12 in lung function. P2Y12 could represent a novel target for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bunyavanich
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Gachet C. P2Y(12) receptors in platelets and other hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:609-19. [PMID: 22528678 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2Y(12) receptor is a Gi-coupled ADP receptor first described in blood platelets where it plays a central role in the complex processes of activation and aggregation. Platelet granules store important amounts of ADP which are released upon stimulation by interaction of platelets with the damaged vessel wall. Therefore, the P2Y(12) receptor is a key player in primary hemostasis and in arterial thrombosis and is an established target of antithrombotic drugs like the thienopyridine compounds ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel or the direct, reversible antagonists ticagrelor and cangrelor. Beyond the platelet physiology and pharmacology, recent studies have revealed the expression of the P2Y(12) receptor in other hematopoietic cells including leukocyte subtypes and microglia in the central nervous system as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells. These studies indicate putative roles of the P2Y(12) receptor in inflammatory states and diseases of the brain, lung, and blood vessels. The selective role of P2Y(12) among other P2 receptors as well as the possible impact of P2Y(12) targeting drugs in these processes remain to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949 Inserm, Université de Strasbourg, EFS-Alsace 10, rue Spielmann, BP N°36, 67065, Strasbourg, France.
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Jang MJ, Jeon YJ, Min KT, Oh J, Chong SY, Park S, Yun-Choi HS, Oh D, Kim NK. Polymorphisms of platelet ADP receptor P2RY12 in the risk of venous thromboembolism in the Korean population. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2012; 18:416-20. [PMID: 22275393 DOI: 10.1177/1076029611426283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it was thought that platelets did not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), several studies demonstrated that a marked activation of platelets occurs in patients with VTE. We carried out a case-control study to investigate the effect of the T744C P2RY12 polymorphism on the risk of VTE in the Korean population. We enrolled 154 consecutive patients with VTE and 415 healthy controls. Genotype frequencies for patients with TT, TC, and CC were 71.4%, 24.7%, and 3.9% and in the controls, 68.2%, 30.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. T744C P2RY12 polymorphism did not significantly affect the risk of VTE. Our study shows that T744C P2RY12 polymorphism did not significantly affect the risk of VTE in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ju Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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28
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P2 receptors and platelet function. Purinergic Signal 2011; 7:293-303. [PMID: 21792575 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Following vessel wall injury, platelets adhere to the exposed subendothelium, become activated and release mediators such as TXA(2) and nucleotides stored at very high concentration in the so-called dense granules. Released nucleotides and other soluble agents act in a positive feedback mechanism to cause further platelet activation and amplify platelet responses induced by agents such as thrombin or collagen. Adenine nucleotides act on platelets through three distinct P2 receptors: two are G protein-coupled ADP receptors, namely the P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptor subtypes, while the P2X(1) receptor ligand-gated cation channel is activated by ATP. The P2Y(1) receptor initiates platelet aggregation but is not sufficient for a full platelet aggregation in response to ADP, while the P2Y(12) receptor is responsible for completion of the aggregation to ADP. The latter receptor, the molecular target of the antithrombotic drugs clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor, is responsible for most of the potentiating effects of ADP when platelets are stimulated by agents such as thrombin, collagen or immune complexes. The P2X(1) receptor is involved in platelet shape change and in activation by collagen under shear conditions. Each of these receptors is coupled to specific signal transduction pathways in response to ADP or ATP and is differentially involved in all the sequential events involved in platelet function and haemostasis. As such, they represent potential targets for antithrombotic drugs.
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de Lau LML, Leebeek FWG, de Maat MPM, Koudstaal PJ, Dippel DWJ. A review of hereditary and acquired coagulation disorders in the aetiology of ischaemic stroke. Int J Stroke 2011; 5:385-94. [PMID: 20854623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic workup in patients with ischaemic stroke often includes testing for prothrombotic conditions. However, the clinical relevance of coagulation abnormalities in ischaemic stroke is uncertain. Therefore, we reviewed what is presently known about the association between inherited and acquired coagulation disorders and ischaemic stroke, with a special emphasis on the methodological aspects. Good-quality data in this field are scarce, and most studies fall short on epidemiological criteria for causal inference. While inherited coagulation disorders are recognised risk factors for venous thrombosis, there is no substantial evidence for an association with arterial ischaemic stroke. Possible exceptions are the prothrombin G20210A mutation in adults and protein C deficiency in children. There is proof of an association between the antiphospholipid syndrome and ischaemic stroke, but the clinical significance of isolated mildly elevated antiphospholipid antibody titres is unclear. Evidence also suggests significant associations of increased homocysteine and fibrinogen concentrations with ischaemic stroke, but whether these associations are causal is still debated. Data on other acquired coagulation abnormalities are insufficient to allow conclusions regarding causality. For most coagulation disorders, a causal relation with ischaemic stroke has not been definitely established. Hence, at present, there is no valid indication for testing all patients with ischaemic stroke for these conditions. Large prospective population-based studies allowing the evaluation of interactive and subgroup effects are required to appreciate the role of coagulation disorders in the pathophysiology of arterial ischaemic stroke and to guide the management of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke M L de Lau
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Molecular pharmacology, physiology, and structure of the P2Y receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2011; 61:373-415. [PMID: 21586365 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385526-8.00012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The P2Y receptors are a widely expressed group of eight nucleotide-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The P2Y(1)(ADP), P2Y(2)(ATP/UTP), P2Y(4)(UTP), P2Y(6)(UDP), and P2Y(11)(ATP) receptors activate G(q) and therefore robustly promote inositol lipid signaling responses. The P2Y(12)(ADP), P2Y(13)(ADP), and P2Y(14)(UDP/UDP-glucose) receptors activate G(i) leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and to Gβγ-mediated activation of a range of effector proteins including phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ, inward rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels, phospholipase C-β2 and -β3, and G protein-receptor kinases 2 and 3. A broad range of physiological responses occur downstream of activation of these receptors ranging from Cl(-) secretion by epithelia to aggregation of platelets to neurotransmission. Useful structural models of the P2Y receptors have evolved from extensive genetic analyses coupled with molecular modeling based on three-dimensional structures obtained for rhodopsin and several other GPCRs. Selective ligands have been synthesized for most of the P2Y receptors with the most prominent successes attained with highly selective agonist and antagonist molecules for the ADP-activated P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors. The widely prescribed drug, clopidogrel, which results in irreversible blockade of the platelet P2Y(12) receptor, is the most important therapeutic agent that targets a P2Y receptor.
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The investigation of allele and genotype frequencies of CYP3A5 (1*/3*) and P2Y12 (T744C) in Iran. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4873-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cho YR, Jang HS, Kim W, Park SY, Sohn UD. P2X and P2Y Receptors Mediate Contraction Induced by Electrical Field Stimulation in Feline Esophageal Smooth Muscle. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 14:311-6. [PMID: 21165330 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.5.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contraction is mediated by a cholinergic mechanism and other neurotransmitters. NO, ATP, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P are released by EFS. To investigate the purinergic mechanism involved in the EFS-induced contraction, purinegic receptors antagonists were used. Suramine, a non-selective P2 receptor antagonist, reduced the contraction induced by EFS. NF023 (10(-7)~10(-4) M), a selective P2X antagonist, inhibited the contraction evoked by EFS. Reactive blue (10(-6)~10(-4) M), selective P2Y antagonist, also blocked the contraction in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, P2X agonist α,β-methylene 5'-adenosine triphosphate (αβMeATP, 10(-7)~10(-5) M) potentiated EFS-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner. P2Y agonist adenosine 5'-[β-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt (ADPβS, 10(-7)~10(-5) M) also potentiated EFS-induced contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Ecto-ATPase activator apyrase (5 and 10 U/ml) reduced EFS-induced contractions. Inversely, 6-N,N-diethyl-D-β,γ-dibromomethylene 5'-triphosphate triammonium (ARL 67156, 10(-4) M) increased EFS-induced contraction. These data suggest that endogenous ATP plays a role in EFS-induced contractions which are mediated through both P2X-receptors and P2Y-receptors stimulation in cat esophageal smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rae Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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Platelet gene polymorphisms related to atherothrombogenesis and their frequencies in the healthy middle-aged Czech population. COR ET VASA 2009. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2009.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ulrich S, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Huber LC, Speich R, Voelkel N. Peripheral blood B lymphocytes derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension express a different RNA pattern compared with healthy controls: a cross sectional study. Respir Res 2008; 9:20. [PMID: 18269757 PMCID: PMC2262076 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a progressive and still incurable disease. Research of IPAH-pathogenesis is complicated by the lack of a direct access to the involved tissue, the human pulmonary vasculature. Various auto-antibodies have been described in the blood of patients with IPAH. The purpose of the present work was therefore to comparatively analyze peripheral blood B lymphocyte RNA expression characteristics in IPAH and healthy controls. METHODS Patients were diagnosed having IPAH according to WHO (mean pulmonary arterial pressure > or = 25 mmHg, pulmonary capillary occlusion pressure < or = 15 mmHg, absence of another explaining disease). Peripheral blood B-lymphocytes of patients and controls were immediately separated by density gradient centrifugation and magnetic beads for CD19. RNA was thereafter extracted and analyzed by the use of a high sensitivity gene chip (Affymetrix HG-U133-Plus2) able to analyze 47000 transcripts and variants of human genes. The array data were analyzed by two different softwares, and up-and down-regulations were defined as at least 1.3 fold with standard deviations smaller than fold-changes. RESULTS Highly purified B-cells of 5 patients with IPAH (mean pulmonary artery pressure 51 +/- 13 mmHg) and 5 controls were analyzed. Using the two different analyzing methods we found 225 respectively 128 transcripts which were up-regulated (1.3-30.7 fold) in IPAH compared with healthy controls. Combining both methods, there were 33 overlapping up-regulated transcripts and no down-regulated B-cell transcripts. CONCLUSION Patients with IPAH have a distinct RNA expression profile of their peripheral blood B-lymphocytes compared to healthy controls with some clearly up-regulated genes. Our finding suggests that in IPAH patients B cells are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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