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Shen K, Xia L, Gao X, Li C, Sun P, Liu Y, Fan H, Li X, Han L, Lu C, Jiao K, Xia C, Wang Z, Deng B, Pan F, Sun T. Tobacco as bioenergy and medical plant for biofuels and bioproduction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33920. [PMID: 39055830 PMCID: PMC11269859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco, a widely cultivated crop, has been extensively utilized by humans for an extended period. However, the tobacco industry generates a significant amount of organic waste, and the effective utilization of this tobacco waste has been limited. Currently, most tobacco waste is either recycled as reconstituted tobacco sheets or disposed of in landfills. However, tobacco possesses far more potential value than just these applications. This article provides an overview of the diverse uses of tobacco waste in agriculture, medicine, chemical engineering, and energy sectors. In the realm of agriculture, tobacco waste finds primary application as fertilizers and pesticides. In medical applications, the bioactive compounds present in tobacco are fully harnessed, resulting in the production of phenols, solanesol, polysaccharides, proteins, and even alkaloids. These bioactive compounds exhibit beneficial effects on human health. Additionally, the applications of tobacco waste in chemical engineering and energy sectors are centered around the utilization of lignocellulosic compounds and certain fuels. Chemical platform compounds derived from tobacco waste, as well as selected fuel sources, play a significant role in these areas. The rational utilization of tobacco waste represents a promising prospect, particularly in the present era when sustainable development is widely advocated. Moreover, this approach holds significant importance for enhancing energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liwei Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiyu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yikuan Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Fan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leyuan Han
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengfei Lu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaixuan Jiao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Xia
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanda Pan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tulai Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
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Nyariki JN, Kimani NM, Kibet PS, Kinuthia GK, Isaac AO. Coenzyme Q10 exhibits anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory thereby decelerating the occurrence of experimental cerebral malaria. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 255:111579. [PMID: 37385350 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Malaria (CM) is associated with the complex neurological syndrome, whose pathology is mediated by severe inflammatory processes following infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Coenzyme-Q10 (Co-Q10) is a potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic agent with numerous clinical applications. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of oral administration of Co-Q10 on the initiation or regulation of inflammatory immune response during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). For this purpose, the pre-clinical effect of Co-Q10 was evaluated in C57BL/6 J mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). Treatment with Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltrating parasite load, greatly improved the survival rate of PbA-infected mice that occurred independent of parasitaemia and prevented PbA-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in the reduction of infiltration of effector CD8 + T cells in the brain and secretion of cytolytic Granzyme B molecules. Notably, Co-Q10-treated mice had reduced levels of CD8 +T cell chemokines CXCR3, CCR2, and CCR5 in the brain following PbA-infection. Brain tissue analysis showed a reduction in the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF- α, CCL3, and RANTES in Co-Q10 administered mice. In addition, Co-Q10 modulated the differentiation and maturation of both splenic and brain dendritic cells and cross-presentation (CD8α+DCs) during ECM. Remarkably, Co-Q10 was very effective in decreasing levels of CD86, MHC-II, and CD40 in macrophages associated with ECM pathology. Exposure to Co-Q10 resulted in increased expression levels of Arginase-1 and Ym1/chitinase 3-like 3, which is linked to ECM protection. Furthermore, Co-Q10 supplementation prevented PbA-induced depletion of Arginase and CD206 mannose receptor levels. Co-Q10 abrogated PbA-driven elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6 levels. In conclusion, the oral supplementation with Co-Q10 decelerates the occurrence of ECM by preventing lethal inflammatory immune responses and dampening genes associated with inflammation and immune-pathology during ECM, and offers an inimitable opening for developing an anti-inflammatory agent against cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical of University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Njogu M Kimani
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, P.O Box 6-60100 Embu, Kenya
| | - Peter Shikuku Kibet
- Department of Pathology, Hematology and Blood Transfusion thematic unit, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey K Kinuthia
- Department of Science & Public Health, Daystar University, PO Box 44400-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, School Health Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O Box 52428-00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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Abstract
Significance: Aging is a natural process that affects most living organisms, resulting in increased mortality. As the world population ages, the prevalence of age-associated diseases, and their associated health care costs, has increased sharply. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to cellular dysfunction may provide important targets for interventions to prevent or treat these diseases. Recent Advances: Although the mitochondrial theory of aging had been proposed more than 40 years ago, recent new data have given stronger support for a central role for mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathways that are deregulated during normal aging and age-associated disease. Critical Issues: Several of the experimental evidence linking mitochondrial alterations to age-associated loss of function are correlative and mechanistic insights are still elusive. Here, we review how mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in many of the known hallmarks of aging, and how these pathways interact in an intricate net of molecular relationships. Future Directions: As it has become clear that mitochondrial dysfunction plays causative roles in normal aging and age-associated diseases, it is necessary to better define the molecular interactions and the temporal and causal relationship between these changes and the relevant phenotypes seen during the aging process. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 824-843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio M P F Batalha
- Lab. Genética Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anibal Eugênio Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nadja C Souza-Pinto
- Lab. Genética Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cirilli I, Damiani E, Dludla PV, Hargreaves I, Marcheggiani F, Millichap LE, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L. Role of Coenzyme Q 10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010-2020). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081325. [PMID: 34439573 PMCID: PMC8389239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10's role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10, although novel applications, in particular in relation to topical application, are gaining considerable interest. In this respect, bioavailability represents a major challenge and the innovation in formulation aspects is gaining critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cirilli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa;
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Lauren Elizabeth Millichap
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-4394
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Comparing the Effect of Combining Exercise with Rosuvastatin versus Atorvastatin on Lipid Profile and Functional Capacity: A Retrospective Cohort Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7026530. [PMID: 32420363 PMCID: PMC7210511 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7026530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Statins and exercise are recommended for managing hypercholesterolemia. However, statin types may vary in their interaction with exercise. We compared rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin combination with exercise on lipid profile and functional capacity. Methods A retrospective cohort study using data from a 12-week cardiovascular rehabilitation program between 2014 and 2016. Statin use was determined through prescriptions, and the average exercise minutes/week were computed from exercise logs. The outcomes were changes in total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), triglycerides, and functional capacity (6-minute walk test (6MWT)). Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify potential confounders, accounted for using multiple linear regression modeling. Results The cohort included 282 patients from 106 atorvastatin and 176 rosuvastatin users. The average exercise minutes/week was 109.4 ± 66.1 among atorvastatin and 106.7 ± 49.1 among rosuvastatin users. Interaction models suggested that a higher number of exercise minutes/week were more favorable among atorvastatin users on total cholesterol and LDL (0.004, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.008 and 0.004, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.007, respectively) but did not reach significance for HDL and triglycerides. Rosuvastatin use was associated with greater increases in 6MWT; however, we observed no between-group differences in interaction estimates by the type of statin used. Conclusion Rosuvastatin use could blunt the beneficial effect of exercise on LDL and total cholesterol compared to atorvastatin. No significant differences were observed in triglycerides, HDL, and functional capacity levels. Additional studies are warranted with randomized treatments and larger samples. Healthcare providers should continue prescribing statins alongside recommending exercise modalities, with a careful follow-up for rosuvastatin users.
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Nyariki JN, Ochola LA, Jillani NE, Nyamweya NO, Amwayi PE, Yole DS, Azonvide L, Isaac AO. Oral administration of Coenzyme Q 10 protects mice against oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation during experimental cerebral malaria. Parasitol Int 2019; 71:106-120. [PMID: 30981893 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In animal model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), the genesis of neuropathology is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. There is limited progress in the development of new approaches to the treatment of cerebral malaria. Here, we tested whether oral supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) would offer protection against oxidative stress and brain associated inflammation following Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in C57BL/6 J mouse model. For this purpose, one group of C57BL/6 mice was used as control; second group of mice were orally supplemented with 200 mg/kg CoQ10 and then infected with PbA and the third group was PbA infected alone. Clinical, biochemical, immunoblot and immunological features of ECM was monitored. We observed that oral administration of CoQ10 for 1 month and after PbA infection was able to improve survival, significantly reduced oedema, TNF-α and MIP-1β gene expression in brain samples in PbA infected mice. The result also shows the ability of CoQ10 to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides lipids, levels of matrix metalloproteinases-9, angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin-1 in the brain. In addition, CoQ10 was very effective in decreasing NF-κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, CoQ10 supplementation abrogated Malondialdehyde, and 8-OHDG and restored cellular glutathione. These results constitute the first demonstration that oral supplementation of CoQ10 can protect mice against PbA induced oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation usually observed in ECM. Thus, the need to study CoQ10 as a candidate of antioxidant and immunomodulatory molecule in ECM and testing it in clinical studies either alone or in combination with antimalaria regimens to provide insight into a potential translatable therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Lucy A Ochola
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box, 24481, 00502 Karen, Kenya
| | - Ngalla E Jillani
- Department of Non-communicable diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box, 24481, 00502 Karen, Kenya
| | - Nemwel O Nyamweya
- Departmwent of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Peris E Amwayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorcas S Yole
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laurent Azonvide
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- School of Health Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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Chen K, Chen X, Xue H, Zhang P, Fang W, Chen X, Ling W. Coenzyme Q10 attenuates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through activation of the AMPK pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:814-823. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 regulates lipid metabolism to ameliorate the progression of NAFLD by activating the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Xue
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wanjun Fang
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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8
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Coenzyme Q10 Prevents Senescence and Dysfunction Caused by Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3181759. [PMID: 30116476 PMCID: PMC6079399 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3181759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage in endothelial cells is proposed to play an important role in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. We previously reported that the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10H2) effectively inhibits oxidative stress and decelerates senescence in senescence-accelerated mice. Here, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with H2O2 and investigated the protective effect of CoQ10H2 against senescence, oxidative damage, and reduction in cellular functions. We found that CoQ10H2 markedly reduced the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive cells and suppressed the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype-associated genes in H2O2-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, CoQ10H2 suppressed the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) but promoted NO production that was accompanied by increased eNOS expression. CoQ10H2 prevented apoptosis and reductions in mitochondrial function and reduced migration and tube formation activity of H2O2-treated cells. The present study indicated that CoQ10H2 protects endothelial cells against senescence by promoting mitochondrial function and thus could delay vascular aging.
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Xu Z, Huo J, Ding X, Yang M, Li L, Dai J, Hosoe K, Kubo H, Mori M, Higuchi K, Sawashita J. Coenzyme Q10 Improves Lipid Metabolism and Ameliorates Obesity by Regulating CaMKII-Mediated PDE4 Inhibition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8253. [PMID: 28811612 PMCID: PMC5557856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies revealed that supplementation with the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10H2) inhibits oxidative stress and slows the process of aging in senescence-accelerated mice. CoQ10H2 inhibits adipocyte differentiation and regulates lipid metabolism. In the present study, we show that dietary supplementation with CoQ10H2 significantly reduced white adipose tissue content and improved the function of brown adipose tissue by regulating expression of lipid metabolism-related factors in KKAy mice, a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the liver, CoQ10H2 reduced cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and consequently inhibited the phosphorylation of CaMKII. CoQ10H2 also regulated the activity of the transcription factor C-FOS and inhibited gene expression of PDE4, a cAMP-degrading enzyme, via the CaMKII-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, thereby increasing intracellular cAMP. This increased cAMP activated AMPK, enhanced oxidative decomposition of lipids, and inhibited de novo synthesis of fatty acids, inhibiting the development and progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that CoQ10H2 supplementation may be useful as a treatment for metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hosoe
- Supplemental Nutrition Division, Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, 530-8288, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Supplemental Nutrition Division, Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, 530-8288, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Heath Promotion, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences for Intractable Neurological Diseases, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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Toyama K, Sugiyama S, Oka H, Hamada M, Iwasaki Y, Horio E, Rokutanda T, Nakamura S, Spin JM, Tsao PS, Ogawa H. A Pilot Study: The Beneficial Effects of Combined Statin-exercise Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Mild Cognitive Decline. Intern Med 2017; 56:641-649. [PMID: 28321063 PMCID: PMC5410473 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypercholesterolemia, a risk factor in cognitive impairment, can be treated with statins. However, cognitive decline associated with "statins" (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) is a clinical concern. This pilot study investigated the effects of combining statins and regular exercise on cognitive function in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with prior mild cognitive decline. Methods We recruited 43 consecutive CAD patients with mild cognitive decline. These patients were treated with a statin and weekly in-hospital aerobic exercise for 5 months. We measured serum lipids, exercise capacity, and cognitive function using the mini mental state examination (MMSE). Results Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased, and maximum exercise capacity (workload) was significantly increased in patients with CAD and mild cognitive decline after treatment compared with before. Combined statin-exercise therapy significantly increased the median (range) MMSE score from 24 (22-25) to 25 (23-27) across the cohort (p<0.01). Changes in body mass index (BMI) were significantly and negatively correlated with changes in the MMSE. After treatment, MMSE scores in the subgroup of patients that showed a decrease in BMI were significantly improved, but not in the BMI-increased subgroup. Furthermore, the patients already on a statin at the beginning of the trial displayed a more significant improvement in MMSE score than statin-naïve patients, implying that exercise might be the beneficial aspect of this intervention as regards cognition. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age >65 years, sex, and presence of diabetes mellitus, a decrease in BMI during statin-exercise therapy was significantly correlated with an increase in the MMSE score (odds ratio: 4.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-20.0; p<0.05). Conclusion Statin-exercise therapy may help improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with CAD and pre-existing mild cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Combined Effects of Rosuvastatin and Exercise on Gene Expression of Key Molecules Involved in Cholesterol Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159550. [PMID: 27442011 PMCID: PMC4956224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three weeks of rosuvastatin (Ros) treatment alone and in combination with voluntary training (Tr) on expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism (LDLR, PCSK9, LRP-1, SREBP-2, IDOL, ACAT-2 and HMGCR) in the liver of eight week-old ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Sprague Dawley rats were Ovx or sham-operated (Sham) and kept sedentary for 8 weeks under a standard diet. Thereafter, rats were transferred for three weeks in running wheel cages for Tr or kept sedentary (Sed) with or without Ros treatment (5mg/kg/day). Six groups were formed: Sham-Sed treated with saline (Sal) or Ros (Sham-Sed-Sal; Sham-Sed-Ros), Ovx-Sed treated with Sal or Ros (Ovx-Sed-Sal; Ovx-Sed-Ros), Ovx trained treated with Sal or Ros (Ovx-Tr-Sal; Ovx-Tr-Ros). Ovx-Sed-Sal rats depicted higher (P < 0.05) body weight, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C, and liver TC content compared to Sham-Sed-Sal rats. In contrast, mRNA levels of liver PCSK9, LDLR, LRP-1 as well as plasma PCSK9 concentrations and protein levels of LRP-1 were reduced (P < 0.01) in Ovx-Sed-Sal compared to Sham-Sed-Sal rats. However, protein levels of LDLR increased (P < 0.05) in Ovx-Sed-Sal compared to Sham-Sed-Sal rats. Treatment of Ovx rats with Ros increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and protein levels of LRP-1 and PCSK9 but not mRNA levels of LDLR, while its protein abundance was reduced at the level of Sham rats. As a result, plasma LDL-C was not reduced. Exercise alone did not affect the expression of any of these markers in Ovx rats. Overall, Ros treatment corrected Ovx-induced decrease in gene expression of markers of cholesterol metabolism in liver of Ovx rats, but without reducing plasma LDL-C concentrations. Increased plasma PCSK9 levels could be responsible for the reduction of liver LDLR protein abundance and the absence of reduction of plasma LDL-C after Ros treatment.
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Morrison JT, Longenecker CT, Mittelsteadt A, Jiang Y, Debanne SM, McComsey GA. Effect of rosuvastatin on plasma coenzyme Q10 in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2016; 17:140-6. [PMID: 27294339 PMCID: PMC4980145 DOI: 10.1080/15284336.2016.1184863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been associated with statin-induced myopathy, and supplementation with CoQ10 may reduce inflammation markers. The effects of statins on CoQ10 and its anti-inflammatory properties have not been investigated in HIV-positive patients. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of rosuvastatin on CoQ10 and CoQ10/LDL ratio over 24-week SATURN-HIV trial, explore the associations between CoQ10 levels and markers of vascular disease, inflammation, and immune activation, and assess whether changes in CoQ10 affected the anti-inflammatory effects of statin therapy or were associated with myalgia symptoms. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of the SATURN-HIV trial, a 96-week randomized clinical trial of 10 mg daily rosuvastatin vs. placebo in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. We assessed the statin treatment effect on CoQ10 levels and CoQ10/LDL ratios and whether changes in these markers were related to myalgias. Relationships between CoQ10, subclinical vascular disease, and biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation were explored using Spearman correlations and multivariable regression models. RESULTS Overall, 147 patients were included. Median age was 46 years; 78% were male and 68% African American. At baseline, CoQ10 levels and CoQ10/LDL ratio were modestly correlated with markers of HIV disease, immune activation, and carotid distensibility. After 24 weeks of statin therapy, CoQ10 levels decreased (p = 0.002 for between group difference) and CoQ10/LDL ratio increased (p = 0.036). In the statin treatment arm, we did not find evidence of a relationship between changes in CoQ10 or CoQ10/LDL ration and changes in markers of inflammation or immune activation. There was a borderline statistically significant association between changes in CoQ10 and myalgia symptoms [OR 4.0 per 0.1 mg/L decrease in CoQ10, p = 0.07]. CONCLUSION Twenty-four weeks of 10 mg daily rosuvastatin decreases CoQ10 concentration and increases CoQ10/LDL ratio in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Morrison
- a University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Chris T Longenecker
- a University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | | | - Ying Jiang
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Sara M Debanne
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Grace A McComsey
- a University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA
- b Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Apostolopoulou M, Corsini A, Roden M. The role of mitochondria in statin-induced myopathy. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:745-54. [PMID: 25991405 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. They can also exert adverse effects, mostly affecting skeletal muscle, ranging from mild myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on a PubMed search until December 2014, this review summarizes studies on statin effects on muscle mitochondrial morphology and function in the context of myopathy. RESULTS Possible mechanisms of statin-induced myopathy include lower cholesterol synthesis and production of prenylated proteins, reduced dolichols and increased atrogin-1 expression. Statin-treated patients frequently feature decreased muscle coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) contents, suggesting that statins might impair mitochondrial function. In cell cultures, statins diminish muscle oxygen consumption, promote mitochondrial permeability transient pore opening and generate apoptotic proteins. Animal models confirm the statin-induced decrease in muscle CoQ10, but reveal no changes in mitochondrial enzyme activities. Human studies yield contradictory results, with decreased CoQ10, elevated lipids, decreased enzyme activities in muscle and impaired maximal oxygen uptake in several but not all studies. Some patients are susceptible to statin-induced myopathy due to variations in genes encoding proteins involved in statin uptake and biotransformation such as the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) or cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5). Carriers for carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency and McArdle disease also present with higher prevalence of statin-induced myopathy. CONCLUSIONS Despite the widespread use of statins, the pathogenesis of statin-induced myopathy remains unclear, requiring prospective randomized controlled trials with intensive phenotyping also for identifying strategies for its risk assessment, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apostolopoulou
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DISFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Arya N, Kharjul MD, Shishoo CJ, Thakare VN, Jain KS. Some molecular targets for antihyperlipidemic drug research. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:535-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chitose T, Sugiyama S, Sakamoto K, Shimomura H, Yamashita T, Hokamaki J, Tsunoda R, Shiraishi S, Yamashita Y, Ogawa H. Effect of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic statin on cardiac salvage after ST-elevated acute myocardial infarction - a pilot study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:251-8. [PMID: 25262434 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early statin therapy after acute coronary syndrome reduces atherothrombotic vascular events. This study aimed to compare the effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic statins on myocardial salvage and left ventricular (LV) function in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS Seventy-five STEMI patients who had received emergency reperfusion therapy were enrolled and randomized into the hydrophilic statin group (rosuvastatin; 5 mg/day, n = 38) and hydrophobic statin group (atorvastatin; 10 mg/day, n = 37) for 6 months. LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels were measured at baseline and the end of treatment. The myocardial salvage index was assessed by single photon emission computed tomography with (123-)I-β-methyl-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (ischemic area-at-risk at onset of STEMI: AAR) and (201-)thallium scintigraphy (area-at-infarction at 6 months: AAI) [myocardial salvage index = (AAR-AAI) × 100/AAR (%)]. RESULTS Onset-to-balloon time and maximum creatine phosphokinase levels were comparable between the groups. After 6 months, rosuvastatin (-37.6% ± 17.2%) and atorvastatin (-32.4% ± 22.4%) equally reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p = 0.28). However, rosuvastatin (+3.1% ± 5.9%, p < 0.05), but not atorvastatin (+1.6% ± 5.7%, p = 0.15), improved LVEF. Rosuvastatin reduced BNP levels compared with atorvastatin (-53.3% ± 48.8% versus -13.8% ± 82.9%, p < 0.05). The myocardial salvage index was significantly higher in the rosuvastatin group than the atorvastatin group (78.6% ± 29.1% versus 52.5% ± 38.0%, p < 0.05). CoQ10/LDL-C levels at 6 months were increased in the rosuvastatin group (+23.5%, p < 0.01) and percent changes in CoQ10/LDL-C were correlated with the myocardial salvage index (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin shows better beneficial effects on myocardial salvage than atorvastatin in STEMI patients, including long-term cardiac function, associated with increasing CoQ10/LDL-C. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm Unique Identifier: UMIN000003893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Chitose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan; Social Insurance Omuta-Tenryo Hospital, 1-100 Tenryo, Omuta City Fukuoka 836-8566, Japan.
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Diabetes Care Center, Jinnouchi Hospital, 6-2-3 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 862-0976, Japan.
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hideki Shimomura
- Division of Cardiology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, 4-5 Sukukita, Kasuga City Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan.
| | - Takuro Yamashita
- Social Insurance Omuta-Tenryo Hospital, 1-100 Tenryo, Omuta City Fukuoka 836-8566, Japan.
| | - Jun Hokamaki
- Kumamoto Red Cross Hospital, 2-1-1 Nagamineminami, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto City 861-8520, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Tsunoda
- Kumamoto Red Cross Hospital, 2-1-1 Nagamineminami, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto City 861-8520, Japan.
| | - Shinya Shiraishi
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Yamashita
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan.
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Toyama K, Sugiyama S, Oka H, Iwasaki Y, Sumida H, Tanaka T, Tayama S, Jinnouchi H, Ogawa H. Statins combined with exercise are associated with the increased renal function mediated by high-molecular-weight adiponectin in coronary artery disease patients. J Cardiol 2014; 64:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tian G, Sawashita J, Kubo H, Nishio SY, Hashimoto S, Suzuki N, Yoshimura H, Tsuruoka M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Luo H, Xu Z, Mori M, Kitano M, Hosoe K, Takeda T, Usami SI, Higuchi K. Ubiquinol-10 supplementation activates mitochondria functions to decelerate senescence in senescence-accelerated mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2606-20. [PMID: 24124769 PMCID: PMC4025630 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to define the relationship between the anti-aging effect of ubiquinol-10 supplementation and mitochondrial activation in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 (SAMP1) mice. RESULTS Here, we report that dietary supplementation with ubiquinol-10 prevents age-related decreases in the expression of sirtuin gene family members, which results in the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a major factor that controls mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, as well as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), which are major mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. Ubiquinol-10 supplementation can also increase mitochondrial complex I activity and decrease levels of oxidative stress markers, including protein carbonyls, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, malondialdehydes, and increase the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Furthermore, ubiquinol-10 may activate Sirt1 and PGC-1α by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels that, in turn, activate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These results show that ubiquinol-10 may enhance mitochondrial activity by increasing levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and SIRT3 that slow the rate of age-related hearing loss and protect against the progression of aging and symptoms of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Tian
- 1 Department of Aging Biology, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine , Matsumoto, Japan
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Pytel E, Olszewska-Banaszczyk M, Koter-Michalak M, Broncel M. Increased oxidative stress and decreased membrane fluidity in erythrocytes of CAD patients. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:315-8. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of many risk factors for cardiovascular disease appears to be oxidative stress. To estimate possible changes in redox balance, membrane fluidity, and cholesterol level in erythrocytes was collected erythrocytes from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). The study included 20 patients with previous myocardial infarction occurring more than 6 months prior to the time of screening with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >70 mg/dL and 21 healthy controls. The following parameters were studied: catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS), sulfhydryl (SH) groups in membrane protein, total cholesterol level, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Our study showed an increase in the level of lipid peroxidation (13%) and total cholesterol (19%), and a decrease in membrane fluidity (14%) in the subsurface layers and in the deeper layers of erythrocyte membrane (7%) isolated from patients with CAD in comparison to healthy controls. A significant decrease in catalase (10%) and SOD (17%) activities were also observed. No changes in GPx activity or the level of SH groups were observed. Our study indicates that there are disorders in the antioxidant system as well as changes in the membrane structure of erythrocytes obtained from CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Pytel
- Department of Environment Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Olszewska-Banaszczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, 1/5 Kniaziewicza St., 91-347 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Koter-Michalak
- Department of Environment Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, 1/5 Kniaziewicza St., 91-347 Łódź, Poland
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Vaughan RA, Garcia-Smith R, Bisoffi M, Conn CA, Trujillo KA. Ubiquinol rescues simvastatin-suppression of mitochondrial content, function and metabolism: implications for statin-induced rhabdomyolysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 711:1-9. [PMID: 23624330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Statin medications diminish cholesterol biosynthesis and are commonly prescribed to reduce cardiovascular disease. Statins also reduce production of ubiquinol, a vital component of mitochondrial energy production; ubiquinol reduction may contribute to rhabdomyolysis. Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells were treated with either ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control, or simvastatin at 5 µM or 10 µM, or simvastatin at 5 µM with ubiquinol at 0.5 µM or 1.0 µM for 24 h or 48 h. PGC-1α RNA levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mitochondrial content was determined using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Metabolism was determined by quantification of extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate. Treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells with simvastatin significantly reduced oxidative, total metabolism, and cellular ATP content in a time- and dose-dependent manner which was rescued by concurrent treatment with ubiquinol. Treatment with simvastatin significantly reduced mitochondrial content as well as cell viability which were both rescued by simultaneous treatment with ubiquinol. This work demonstrates that the addition of ubiquinol to current statin treatment regimens may protect muscle cells from myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Exercise perspective on common cardiac medications. Integr Med Res 2013; 2:49-55. [PMID: 28664054 PMCID: PMC5481675 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal tablets have been used for a long time to treat cardiovascular disease. However, mortality rate is steadily increasing partly because of the patients’ sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. By contrast, exercise has been systematically shown to have multiple benefits. Regular exercise training can prevent various diseases in healthy individuals. Combined exercise and cardiac medications may lead to the improvement of heart disease. Numerous exercise training pathways still need further investigations. How exercise can prevent, treat, or attenuate diseases remains somewhat elusive. Thus, this review will discuss cardiac medications in parallel with the mechanism of action of exercise.
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Toyama K, Sugiyama S, Oka H, Iwasaki Y, Sumida H, Tanaka T, Tayama S, Jinnouchi H, Ogawa H. Combination treatment of rosuvastatin or atorvastatin, with regular exercise improves arterial wall stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41369. [PMID: 22829944 PMCID: PMC3400658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statin- and exercise-therapy are both clinically beneficial by preventing cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is no information on the vascular effects of the combination of statins and exercise on arterial wall stiffness in CAD patients. METHODS The present study is a sub-analysis of PRESET study that determined the effects of 20-week treatment with statins (rosuvastatin, n=14, atorvastatin, n=14) combined with regular exercise on arterial wall stiffness assessed by measurement of brachial and ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in CAD patients. RESULTS The combination of statins and regular exercise significantly improved exercise capacity, lipid profile, including low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), baPWV (baseline: 1747 ± 355, at 20 weeks of treatment: 1627 ± 271 cm/s, p=0.008), and basophil count (baseline: 42 ± 32, 20 weeks: 26 ± 15 cells/µL, p=0.007), but had no effect on blood pressure (baseline: 125 ± 22, 20 weeks: 121 ± 16 mmHg). Changes in baPWV correlated significantly with changes in basophil count (r=0.488, p=0.008), but not with age, lipids profile, exercise capacity, or hs-CRP. CONCLUSION In CAD patients, the combination treatment with statins and exercise resulted in significant amelioration of arterial wall stiffness, at least in part, through reduction of circulating basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Toyama
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Research Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hideki Oka
- Division of Cardiology, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Iwasaki
- Clinical Research Center, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sumida
- Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto Central Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Tayama
- Division of Cardiology, Health Insurance Hitoyoshi General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Jinnouchi
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Slevin M, Ahmed N, Wang Q, McDowell G, Badimon L. Unique vascular protective properties of natural products: supplements or future main-line drugs with significant anti-atherosclerotic potential? Vasc Cell 2012; 4:9. [PMID: 22546170 PMCID: PMC3508621 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural health products (NHP) which include minerals, vitamins and herbal remedies are not generally considered by medical practitioners as conventional medicines and as such are not frequently prescribed by health centre's as either main-line or supplemental treatments. In the field of cardiovascular medicine, studies have shown that typically, less than half of patients suffering from coronary syndromes chose to take any form of NHP supplement and these products are rarely recommended by their medical practitioner. Vascular/endothelial cell damage is a key instigator of coronary arterial plaque development which often culminates in thrombosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Current treatment for patients known to be at risk of primary or secondary (MI) includes lipid lowering statins, anti-clotting agents (e.g. tissue plasminogen activator; tPA) and drugs for stabilization of blood pressure such as beta-blockers. However, evidence has been building which suggests that components of at least several NHP (e.g. aged garlic extract (AGExt), resveratrol and green tea extracts (GTE)) may have significant vascular protective effects through reduction of oxidative stress, lowering of blood pressure, reduction in platelet aggregation, vasodilation and inhibition of abnormal angiogenesis. Therefore, in this review we will discuss in detail the potential of these substances (chosen on the basis of their potency and complimentarity) as anti-atherosclerotic agents and the justification for their consideration as main-line additional supplements or prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slevin
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular CSIC-ICCC Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Pavelló del Convent Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nessar Ahmed
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- School of Healthcare Science, John Dalton Building, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Garry McDowell
- Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Lina Badimon
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular CSIC-ICCC Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Pavelló del Convent Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167 08025, Barcelona, Spain
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:156-63. [PMID: 22418573 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283521229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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