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Watson SR, Cooper KM, Liu P, Gharraee N, Du L, Han SM, Peña EA, Sutton MA, Eberth JF, Lessner SM. Diet alters age-related remodeling of aortic collagen in mice susceptible to atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H52-H65. [PMID: 33373275 PMCID: PMC7847077 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00420.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cells restructure extracellular matrix in response to aging or changes in mechanical loading. Here, we characterized collagen architecture during age-related aortic remodeling in atherosclerosis-prone mice. We hypothesized that changes in collagen fiber orientation reflect an altered balance between passive and active forces acting on the arterial wall. We examined two factors that can alter this balance, endothelial dysfunction and reduced smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility. Collagen fiber organization was visualized by second-harmonic generation microscopy in aortic adventitia of apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice at 6 wk and 6 mo of age on a chow diet and at 7.5 mo of age on a Western diet (WD), using image analysis to yield mean fiber orientation. Adventitial collagen fibers became significantly more longitudinally oriented with aging in apoE knockout mice on chow diet. Conversely, fibers became more circumferentially oriented with aging in mice on WD. Total collagen content increased significantly with age in mice fed WD. We compared expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholine-mediated nitric oxide release but found no evidence of endothelial dysfunction in older mice. Time-averaged volumetric blood flow in all groups showed no significant changes. Wire myography of aortic rings revealed decreases in active stress generation with age that were significantly exacerbated in WD mice. We conclude that the aorta displays a distinct remodeling response to atherogenic stimuli, indicated by altered collagen organization. Collagen reorganization can occur in the absence of altered hemodynamics and may represent an adaptive response to reduced active stress generation by vascular SMCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The following major observations were made in this study: 1) aortic adventitial collagen fibers become more longitudinally oriented with aging in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a chow diet; 2) conversely, adventitial collagen fibers become more circumferentially oriented with aging in apoE knockout mice fed a high-fat diet; 3) adventitial collagen content increases significantly with age in mice on a high-fat diet; 4) these alterations in collagen organization occur largely in the absence of hemodynamic changes; and 5) circumferential reorientation of collagen is associated with decreased active force generation (contractility) in aged mice on a high-fat diet.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/physiopathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Diet, Western
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Vascular Remodeling
- Vasoconstriction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana R Watson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kara M Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Piaomu Liu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Nazli Gharraee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Liya Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Savannah M Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edsel A Peña
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael A Sutton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - John F Eberth
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
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2
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Stoka KV, Maedeker JA, Bennett L, Bhayani SA, Gardner WS, Procknow JD, Cocciolone AJ, Walji TA, Craft CS, Wagenseil JE. Effects of Increased Arterial Stiffness on Atherosclerotic Plaque Amounts. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2672193. [PMID: 29392300 DOI: 10.1115/1.4039175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is associated with atherosclerosis in humans, but there have been limited animal studies investigating the relationship between these factors. We bred elastin wildtype (Eln+/+) and heterozygous (Eln+/-) mice to apolipoprotein E wildtype (Apoe+/+) and knockout (Apoe-/-) mice and fed them normal diet (ND) or Western diet (WD) for 12 weeks. Eln+/- mice have increased arterial stiffness. Apoe-/- mice develop atherosclerosis on ND that is accelerated by WD. It has been reported that Apoe-/- mice have increased arterial stiffness and that the increased stiffness may play a role in atherosclerotic plaque progression. We found that Eln+/+Apoe-/- arterial stiffness is similar to Eln+/+Apoe+/+ mice at physiologic pressures, suggesting that changes in stiffness do not play a role in atherosclerotic plaque progression in Apoe-/- mice. We found that Eln+/-Apoe-/- mice have increased structural arterial stiffness compared to Eln+/+Apoe-/- mice, but they only have increased amounts of ascending aortic plaque on ND, not WD. The results suggest a change in atherosclerosis progression but not end stage disease in Eln+/-Apoe-/- mice due to increased arterial stiffness. Possible contributing factors include increased blood pressure and changes in circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) that are also associated with Eln+/- genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie V Stoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Justine A Maedeker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Lisa Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Siddharth A Bhayani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - William S Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jesse D Procknow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Tezin A Walji
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, , St. Louis, MO 63130 e-mail:
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3
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Latorre M, Bersi MR, Humphrey JD. Computational Modeling Predicts Immuno-Mechanical Mechanisms of Maladaptive Aortic Remodeling in Hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2019; 141:35-46. [PMID: 32831391 PMCID: PMC7437922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for myriad cardiovascular diseases. Among its many effects, hypertension increases central artery stiffness which in turn is both an initiator and indicator of disease. Despite extensive clinical, animal, and basic science studies, the biochemomechanical mechanisms by which hypertension drives aortic stiffening remain unclear. In this paper, we show that a new computational model of aortic growth and remodeling can capture differential effects of induced hypertension on the thoracic and abdominal aorta in a common mouse model of disease. Because the simulations treat the aortic wall as a constrained mixture of different constituents having different material properties and rates of turnover, one can gain increased insight into underlying constituent-level mechanisms of aortic remodeling. Model results suggest that the aorta can mechano-adapt locally to blood pressure elevation in the absence of marked inflammation, but large increases in inflammation drive a persistent maladaptive phenotype characterized primarily by adventitial fibrosis. Moreover, this fibrosis appears to occur via a marked increase in the rate of deposition of collagen having different material properties in the absence of a compensatory increase in the rate of matrix degradation. Controlling inflammation thus appears to be key to reducing fibrosis, but therapeutic strategies should not compromise the proteolytic activity of the wall that is essential to mechanical homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Latorre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew R. Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Corresponding author: (Jay D. Humphrey)
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4
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B Ramachandra A, Humphrey JD. Biomechanical characterization of murine pulmonary arteries. J Biomech 2019; 84:18-26. [PMID: 30598195 PMCID: PMC6361676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of the major pulmonary arteries play critical roles in normal physiology as well as in diverse pathophysiologies and clinical interventions. Importantly, advances in medical imaging enable simulations of pulmonary hemodynamics, but such models cannot reach their full potential until they are informed with region-specific material properties. In this paper, we present passive and active biaxial biomechanical data for the right and left main pulmonary arteries from wild-type mice. We also evaluate the suitability of a four-fiber family constitutive model as a descriptor of the passive behavior. Despite regional differences in size, the biaxial mechanical properties, including passive stiffness and elastic energy storage, the biaxial wall stresses at in vivo pressures, and the overall contractile capacity in response to smooth muscle cell stimulation under in vivo conditions are remarkably similar between the right and left branches. The proposed methods and results can serve as baseline protocols and measurements for future biaxial experiments on murine models of pulmonary pathologies, and the constitutive model can inform computational models of normal pulmonary growth and remodeling. Our use of consistent experimental protocols and data analyses can also facilitate comparative studies in health and disease across the systemic and pulmonary circulations as well as studies seeking to understand remodeling in surgeries such as the Fontan procedure, which involves different types of vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay B Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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5
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Waffenschmidt T, Cilla M, Sáez P, Pérez MM, Martínez MA, Menzel A, Peña E. Towards the modelling of ageing and atherosclerosis effects in ApoE(-/-) mice aortic tissue. J Biomech 2016; 49:2390-7. [PMID: 26924660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work consists in a quantitative analysis and constitutive modelling of ageing processes associated to plaque formation in mice arteries. Reliable information on the characteristic evolution of pressure-stretch curves due to the ageing effects is extracted from previous inflation test experiments. Furthermore, characteristic age-dependent material parameters are identified on the basis of a continuum-mechanics-based parameter optimisation technique. The results indicate that the aorta-stiffness of the healthy control mice remains basically constant irrespective of the diet-time and age. In contrast, significant differences exist within the material response and in consequence within the material parameters between the ApoE(-/-) and the control mice as well as for the different locations over the aorta which is underlined by our experimental observations. With regard to the temporal evolution of the material parameters, we observe that the material parameters for the ApoE(-/-) mice aortas exhibit a saturation-type increase with respect to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Waffenschmidt
- Institute of Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Germany; 3M Deutschland GmbH, Carl-Schurz-Str. 1, D-41453 Neuss, Germany
| | - Myriam Cilla
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Sáez
- Laboratori de Calcul Numeric (LaCaN), Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta M Pérez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Andreas Menzel
- Institute of Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Germany; Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Estefanía Peña
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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6
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Apostolakis IZ, Nandlall SD, Konofagou EE. Piecewise Pulse Wave Imaging (pPWI) for Detection and Monitoring of Focal Vascular Disease in Murine Aortas and Carotids In Vivo. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:13-28. [PMID: 26168432 PMCID: PMC4703464 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2453194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are two common vascular diseases associated with mechanical changes in the arterial wall. Pulse Wave Imaging (PWI), a technique developed by our group to assess and quantify the mechanical properties of the aortic wall in vivo, may provide valuable diagnostic information. This work implements piecewise PWI (pPWI), an enhanced version of PWI designed for focal vascular diseases. Localized, sub-regional PWVs and PWI moduli ( EPWI ) were estimated within 2-4 mm wall segments of murine normal, atherosclerotic and aneurysmal arteries. Overall, stiffness was found to increase in the atherosclerotic cases. The mean sub-regional PWV was found to be 2.57±0.18 m/s for the normal aortas (n = 7) with a corresponding mean EPWI of 43.82±5.86 kPa. A significant increase ( (p ≤ 0.001)) in the group means of the sub-regional PWVs was found between the normal aortas and the aortas of mice on high-fat diet for 20 ( 3.30±0.36 m/s) and 30 weeks ( 3.56±0.29 m/s). The mean of the sub-regional PWVs ( 1.57±0.78 m/s) and EPWI values ( 19.23±15.47 kPa) decreased significantly in the aneurysmal aortas (p ≤ 0.05) . Furthermore, the mean coefficient of determination (r(2)) of the normal aortas was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than those of the aneurysmal and atherosclerotic cases. These findings demonstrated that pPWI may be able to provide useful biomarkers for monitoring focal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sacha D. Nandlall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA ()
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7
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Effect of Diet and Age on Arterial Stiffening Due to Atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) Mice. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:2202-17. [PMID: 26502169 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work analyzes the progressive stiffening of the aorta due to atherosclerosis development of both ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6J mice fed on a Western (n = 5) and a normal (n = 5) chow diet for the ApoE(-/-) group and on a normal chow diet (n = 5) for the C57BL/6J group. Sets of 5 animals from the three groups were killed after 10, 20, 30 and 40 weeks on their respective diets (corresponding to 17, 27, 37 and 47 weeks of age). Mechanical properties (inflation test and axial residual stress measurements) and histological properties were compared for both strains, ApoE(-/-) on the hyper-lipidic diet and both ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6J on the normal diet, after the same period and after different periods of diet. The results indicated that the aorta stiffness in the ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6J mice under normal diet remained approximately constant irrespective of their age. However, the arterial stiffness in the ApoE(-/-) on the hyper-lipidic diet increased over time. Statistical differences were found between the group after 10 weeks and the groups after 30 and 40 weeks of a hyper-lipidic diet. Comparing the hyper-lipidic and normal diet mice, statistical differences were also found between both diets in all cases after 40 weeks of diet, frequently after 30 weeks, and in some cases after 20 weeks. The early stages of lesion corresponded to the first 2 weeks of diet. Advanced lesions were found at 30 weeks and, finally, the aorta was completely damaged after 40 weeks of diet. In conclusion, we found substantial changes in the mechanical properties of the aorta walls of the ApoE(-/-) mice fed with the hyper-lipidic diet compared to the normal chow diet groups for both the ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6J groups. These findings could serve as a reference for the study of changes in the arterial wall properties in cases of atherosclerosis.
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8
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Du B, Ouyang A, Eng JS, Fleenor BS. Aortic perivascular adipose-derived interleukin-6 contributes to arterial stiffness in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1382-90. [PMID: 25840831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00712.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that aortic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from young low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr(-/-)) mice promotes aortic stiffness and remodeling, which would be mediated by greater PVAT-derived IL-6 secretion. Arterial stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity and with ex vivo intrinsic mechanical properties testing in young (4-6 mo old) wild-type (WT) and LDLr(-/-) chow-fed mice. Compared with WT mice, LDLr(-/-) mice had increased aortic pulse wave velocity (407 ± 18 vs. 353 ± 13 cm/s) and intrinsic mechanical stiffness (5,308 ± 623 vs. 3,355 ± 330 kPa) that was associated with greater aortic protein expression of collagen type I and advanced glycation end products (all P < 0.05 vs. WT mice). Aortic segments from LDLr(-/-) compared with WT mice cultured in the presence of PVAT had greater intrinsic mechanical stiffness (6,092 ± 480 vs. 3,710 ± 316 kPa), and this was reversed in LDLr(-/-) mouse arteries cultured without PVAT (3,473 ± 577 kPa, both P < 0.05). Collagen type I and advanced glycation end products were increased in LDLr(-/-) mouse arteries cultured with PVAT (P < 0.05 vs. WT mouse arteries), which was attenuated when arteries were cultured in the absence of PVAT (P < 0.05). PVAT from LDLr(-/-) mice secreted larger amounts of IL-6 (3.4 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 ng/ml, P < 0.05), and IL-6 neutralizing antibody decreased intrinsic mechanical stiffness in LDLr(-/-) aortic segments cultured with PVAT (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data provide evidence for a role of PVAT-derived IL-6 in the pathogenesis of aortic stiffness and remodeling in chow-fed LDLr(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - An Ouyang
- Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jason S Eng
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Bradley S Fleenor
- Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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9
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Structural, mechanical and myogenic properties of small mesenteric arteries from ApoE KO mice: Characterization and effects of virgin olive oil diets. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Riou LM, Broisat A, Ghezzi C, Finet G, Rioufol G, Gharib AM, Pettigrew RI, Ohayon J. Effects of mechanical properties and atherosclerotic artery size on biomechanical plaque disruption - mouse vs. human. J Biomech 2014; 47:765-72. [PMID: 24491495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of atherosclerosis are extensively being used to study the mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque development and the results are frequently extrapolated to humans. However, major differences have been described between murine and human atherosclerotic lesions and the determination of similarities and differences between these species has been largely addressed recently. This study takes over and extends previous studies performed by our group and related to the biomechanical characterization of both mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions. Its main objective was to determine the distribution and amplitude of mechanical stresses including peak cap stress (PCS) in aortic vessels from atherosclerotic apoE(-/-) mice, in order to evaluate whether such biomechanical data would be in accordance with the previously suggested lack of plaque rupture in this model. Successful finite element analysis was performed from the zero-stress configuration of aortic arch sections and mainly indicated (1) the modest role of atherosclerotic lesions in the observed increase in residual parietal stresses in apoE(-/-) mouse vessels and (2) the low amplitude of murine PCS as compared to humans. Overall, the results from the present study support the hypothesis that murine biomechanical properties and artery size confer less propensity to rupture for mouse lesions in comparison with those of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Riou
- INSERM, UMR_S 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- INSERM, UMR_S 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- INSERM, UMR_S 1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Faculté de Médecine de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Gérard Finet
- Department of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Claude Bernard University Lyon1, INSERM Unit 886, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Rioufol
- Department of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Claude Bernard University Lyon1, INSERM Unit 886, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmed M Gharib
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Science, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roderic I Pettigrew
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Science, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jacques Ohayon
- Laboratory TIMC-IMAG/DyCTiM, UJF, CNRS UMR 5525, In(3)S, Grenoble, France; Polytech Annecy-Chambéry, University of Savoie, Le Bourget du Lac, France.
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11
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Adhikari N, Billaud M, Carlson M, Lake SP, Montaniel KRC, Staggs R, Guan W, Walek D, Desir S, Isakson BE, Barocas VH, Hall JL. Vascular biomechanical properties in mice with smooth muscle specific deletion of Ndst1. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 385:225-38. [PMID: 24101444 PMCID: PMC4853023 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans act as co-receptors for many chemokines and growth factors. The sulfation pattern of the heparan sulfate chains is a critical regulatory step affecting the binding of chemokines and growth factors. N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase1 (Ndst1) is one of the first enzymes to catalyze sulfation. Previously published work has shown that HSPGs alter tangent moduli and stiffness of tissues and cells. We hypothesized that loss of Ndst1 in smooth muscle would lead to significant changes in heparan sulfate modification and the elastic properties of arteries. In line with this hypothesis, the axial tangent modulus was significantly decreased in aorta from mice lacking Ndst1 in smooth muscle (SM22αcre(+)Ndst1(-/-), p < 0.05, n = 5). The decrease in axial tangent modulus was associated with a significant switch in myosin and actin types and isoforms expressed in aorta and isolated aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. In contrast, no changes were found in the compliance of smaller thoracodorsal arteries of SM22αcre(+)Ndst1(-/-) mice. In summary, the major findings of this study were that targeted ablation of Ndst1 in smooth muscle cells results in altered biomechanical properties of aorta and differential expression of myosin and actin types and isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Adhikari
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marie Billaud
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Marjorie Carlson
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Spencer P. Lake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Kim Ramil C. Montaniel
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Rod Staggs
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Dinesha Walek
- Biomedical Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Snider Desir
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Victor H. Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Jennifer L. Hall
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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12
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Abstract
In cardiovascular research, translation of benchtop findings to the whole body environment is often critical in order to gain a more thorough and comprehensive clinical evaluation of the data with direct extrapolation to the human condition. In particular, developmental and/or pathophysiologic vascular growth studies often employ in vitro approaches such as cultured cells or tissue explant models in order to analyze specific cellular, molecular, genetic and/or biochemical signaling factors under pristine controlled conditions. However, validation of in vitro data in a whole body setting complete with neural, endocrine and other systemic contributions provides essential proof-of-concept from a clinical perspective. Several well-characterized experimental in vivo models exist that provide excellent proof-of-concept tools with which to examine vascular growth and remodeling in the whole body. This article will examine the rat carotid artery balloon injury model, the mouse carotid artery wire denudation injury model, and rat and mouse carotid artery ligation models with particular emphasis on minimally invasive surgical access to the site of intervention. Discussion will include key scientific and technical details as well as caveats, limitations, and considerations for practical use for each of these valuable experimental models.
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13
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Ferruzzi J, Bersi MR, Humphrey JD. Biomechanical phenotyping of central arteries in health and disease: advantages of and methods for murine models. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:1311-30. [PMID: 23549898 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The stiffness and structural integrity of the arterial wall depends primarily on the organization of the extracellular matrix and the cells that fashion and maintain this matrix. Fundamental to the latter is a delicate balance in the continuous production and removal of structural constituents and the mechanical state in which such turnover occurs. Perturbations in this balance due to genetic mutations, altered hemodynamics, or pathological processes result in diverse vascular phenotypes, many of which have yet to be well characterized biomechanically. In this paper, we emphasize the particular need to understand regional variations in the biaxial biomechanical properties of central arteries in health and disease and, in addition, the need for standardization in the associated biaxial testing and quantification. As an example of possible experimental methods, we summarize testing protocols that have evolved in our laboratory over the past 8 years. Moreover, we note advantages of a four fiber family stress-stretch relation for quantifying passive biaxial behaviors, the use of stored energy as a convenient scalar metric of the associated material stiffness, and the utility of appropriate linearizations of the nonlinear, anisotropic relations both for purposes of comparison across laboratories and to inform computational fluid-solid-interaction models. We conclude that, notwithstanding prior advances, there remain many opportunities to advance our understanding of arterial mechanics and mechanobiology, particularly via the diverse genetic, pharmacological, and surgical models that are, or soon will be, available in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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