1
|
Papadea P, Kalaitzopoulou E, Skipitari M, Varemmenou A, Papasotiriou M, Papachristou E, Goumenos D, Grune T, Georgiou CD. Novel oxidized LDL-based clinical markers in peritoneal dialysis patients for atherosclerosis risk assessment. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102762. [PMID: 37302344 PMCID: PMC10363433 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) is commonly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), whose risk is assessed via LDL-C. Nonetheless, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), as being a key component of atherosclerotic lesions, could be also associated with atherosclerosis and related CVDs. However, its predictive value for CVDs risk assessment is subject of research studies due to the lack of specific methods to measure oxLDL status from its individual lipid/protein components. In the present study, six novel oxLDL markers, representative of certain oxidative modifications on the LDL protein and lipid components, are measured in atherosclerosis-prone PD patients (39) versus those in chronic kidney disease patients (61) under hemodialysis (HD) and healthy controls (40). LDL from serum of PD, HD and control subjects were isolated and fractionated into cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, free cholesterol, phospholipids and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100). Subsequently the oxLDL markers cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (-OOH), triglyceride-OOH, free cholesterol-OOH, phospholipid-OOH, apoB100 malondialdehyde and apoB100 dityrosines were measured. LDL carotenoid levels and LDL particle serum concentration were also measured. The levels of all oxLDL lipid-OOH markers were significantly elevated in PD patients versus control, while the levels of cholesteryl ester-/triglyceride-/free cholesterol-OOH were significantly elevated in PD versus HD patients, regardless of patients' underlying medical conditions, sex, age, PD type, clinical biochemical markers and medication. It should be noted that all fractionated lipid-OOH levels were inversely correlated with LDL-P concentration, while LDL-P concentration was not correlated with LDL-C in PD patients. Moreover, LDL carotenoids were significantly lower in PD patients versus control. The increased levels of oxLDL status specific markers in both PD and HD patients (compared to control), support a potential prognostic value of oxLDL regarding CVD risk assessment in both patient groups. Lastly, the study introduces the oxLDL peroxidation markers free cholesterol-OOH and cholesteryl ester-OOH as complementary to LDL-P number, and as possible alternatives to LDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papadea P, Skipitari M, Kalaitzopoulou E, Varemmenou A, Spiliopoulou M, Papasotiriou M, Papachristou E, Goumenos D, Onoufriou A, Rosmaraki E, Margiolaki I, Georgiou CD. Methods on LDL particle isolation, characterization, and component fractionation for the development of novel specific oxidized LDL status markers for atherosclerotic disease risk assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1078492. [PMID: 36687450 PMCID: PMC9851470 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1078492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study uses simple, innovative methods to isolate, characterize and fractionate LDL in its main components for the study of specific oxidations on them that characterize oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) status, as it causatively relates to atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. These methods are: (a) A simple, relatively time-short, low cost protocol for LDL isolation, to avoid shortcomings of the currently employed ultracentrifugation and affinity chromatography methodologies. (b) LDL purity verification by apoB100 SDS-PAGE analysis and by LDL particle size determination; the latter and its serum concentration are determined in the present study by a simple method more clinically feasible as marker of CVD risk assessment than nuclear magnetic resonance. (c) A protocol for LDL fractionation, for the first time, into its main protein/lipid components (apoB100, phospholipids, triglycerides, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters), as well as into LDL carotenoid/tocopherol content. (d) Protocols for the measurement, for the first time, of indicative specific LDL component oxidative modifications (cholesteryl ester-OOH, triglyceride-OOH, free cholesterol-OOH, phospholipid-OOH, apoB100-MDA, and apoB100-DiTyr) out of the many (known/unknown/under development) that collectively define oxLDL status, which contrasts with the current non-specific oxLDL status evaluation methods. The indicative oxLDL status markers, selected in the present study on the basis of expressing early oxidative stress-induced oxidative effects on LDL, are studied for the first time on patients with end stage kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis, selected as an indicative model for atherosclerosis associated diseases. Isolating LDL and fractionating its protein and main lipid components, as well as its antioxidant arsenal comprised of carotenoids and tocopherols, paves the way for future studies to investigate all possible oxidative modifications responsible for turning LDL to oxLDL in association to their possible escaping from LDL's internal antioxidant defense. This can lead to studies to identify those oxidative modifications of oxLDL (after their artificial generation on LDL), which are recognized by macrophages and convert them to foam cells, known to be responsible for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that lead to the various CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece,Marios Papasotiriou,
| | | | - Dimitrios Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anny Onoufriou
- Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Christos D. Georgiou
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,*Correspondence: Christos D. Georgiou,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nunez CEC, Oliveira JB, de Barros-Mazon S, Zago VHS, Kaplan DB, Nakamura RT, Gidlund MA, Gomes EIL, Cazita PM, Nakandakare E, Carmo HR, Sposito AC, de Faria EC. Positive Association between Autoantibodies Against Oxidized LDL and HDL-C: A Novel Mechanism for HDL Cardioprotection? Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:S0066-782X2022005013403. [PMID: 36074481 PMCID: PMC9750204 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment, oxidized phospholipids expressed in the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) surface bind to scavenger receptors of macrophages eliciting foam cell formation and plaque progression. Auto-antibodies against oxLDL (oxLDL-Ab) interact with oxidative epitopes leading to the formation of immune complexes that are unable to interact with macrophage receptors, thus abrogating atherogenesis. Release of oxLDL-Ab by B cells involves interleukin 5 and Th2 response, which in turn are potentiated by HDL. Thereby, we hypothesized that individuals with higher levels of HDL-C may plausibly display elevated titers of oxLDL-Ab. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between HDL-C and oxLDL-Ab levels. METHODS Asymptomatic individuals (n = 193) were grouped according to their HDL-C concentration to one of three categories: low (< 68 mg/dL), intermediate (68 to 80 mg/dL) or high (> 80 mg/dL). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Our analysis included 193 individuals (mean age: 47 years; male: 26.3%). Compared to individuals in the lowest HDL-C tertile, those in the highest tertile were older (36 versus 53 years; p = 0.001) and less frequently male (42.6% versus 20.9%; p = 0.001). Mean values of oxLDL-Ab increased as the HDL-C group escalated (0.31, 0.33 and 0.43 units, respectively; p = 0.001 for trend). Simple linear regression found a significant, positive relationship between the independent variable, HDL-C, and the dependent variable, oxLDL-Ab (R = 0.293; p = 0.009). This relation remained significant (R = 0.30; p = 0.044), after adjustment by covariates. Apolipoprotein AI levels were also related to oxLDL-Ab in both simple and adjusted linear regression models. CONCLUSION HDL-C and oxLDL-Ab are independently related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Evelyn Coimbra Nunez
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Joaquim Barreto Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasLaboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia VascularCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Laboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia Vascular (Atherolab), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Silvia de Barros-Mazon
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Vanessa H. S. Zago
- Pontifícia Universidade CatólicaCampinasSPBrasil Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC-Campinas), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Denise Beheregaray Kaplan
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Ruy T. Nakamura
- Diagnostic Image LaboratoryCampinasSPBrasil Diagnostic Image Laboratory , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Magnus Ake Gidlund
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP – Brasil
| | - Erica I. L. Gomes
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Patricia Miralda Cazita
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP – Brasil
| | - Edna Nakandakare
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP – Brasil
| | - Helison R. Carmo
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasLaboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia VascularCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Laboratório de Aterosclerose e Biologia Vascular (Atherolab), Campinas , SP – Brasil
| | - Eliana Cotta de Faria
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasDepartamento de PatologiaCampinasSPBrasil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) – Departamento de Patologia , Campinas , SP – Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Analysis of Oxidized 1-Palmitoyl-2-Arachidonoyl-Sn-Glycero-3 Phosphocholine Products in Uremic Patients by LC-ESI/MS. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) method has been developed to analyze oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ox-PAPC) products on the lipoproteins of uremic patients. The native PAPC standard was in vitro oxidized by the Fenton reaction, and the ox-PAPC products were analyzed by LC- ESI/MS. For LC, a C8 column and a mobile phase (acetonitrile-isopropanol containing 0.1% formic acid (70:30, v/v)) were selected. For ESI/MS, the optimal conditions included sheath gas pressure (10 psi), capillary temperature (270 °C), and injection time (1000 ms). The identification of ox-PAPC products on human lipoproteins was based on the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) and the ESI-MS spectra of the in vitro oxidation products of PAPC standard. The EICs and ESI-MS spectra showed good repeatability and sensitivity. A total of 21 ox-PAPC products was determined. Linear analysis has been performed for the phospholipid standard, 1, 2-Di-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC(O-16:0/O-16:0)). The linear range was 5.0–100.0 µg/mL, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.989. The concentration limit of detection (LOD) was 1.50 µg/mL, and the concentration limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 4.54 µg/mL. The selected 21 ox-PAPC products have been identified and quantified in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of uremic and healthy subjects. Interestingly, the results showed that the levels of 18 products in VLDL, one product in LDL, and 19 products in HDL were significantly higher for uremic patients than healthy controls. This simple LC-ESI/MS method might accelerate the searching for biomarkers of uremia in the future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Noels H, Lehrke M, Vanholder R, Jankowski J. Lipoproteins and fatty acids in chronic kidney disease: molecular and metabolic alterations. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:528-542. [PMID: 33972752 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and homeostasis. These modifications can promote, modulate and/or accelerate CKD and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities - involving triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, LDL and/or HDL - not only involve changes in concentration but also changes in molecular structure, including protein composition, incorporation of small molecules and post-translational modifications. These alterations modify the function of lipoproteins and can trigger pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic processes, as well as oxidative stress. Serum fatty acid levels are also often altered in patients with CKD and lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism - a key process in intracellular energy production - that induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular damage. These fatty acid changes might not only have a negative impact on the heart, but also contribute to the progression of kidney damage. The presence of these lipoprotein alterations within a biological environment characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the competing risk of non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular death as kidney function declines, has important therapeutic implications. Additional research is needed to clarify the pathophysiological link between lipid and lipoprotein modifications, and kidney dysfunction, as well as the genesis and/or progression of CVD in patients with kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hasan A, Aldhahi W. Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 is Directly Correlated with Glycated Hemoglobin in Individuals with an Average glycemia in the Normal/Prediabetes Range. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2711-2718. [PMID: 32801817 PMCID: PMC7413703 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s251135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease can be detected in individuals with prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), which is elevated in cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes, is correlated with glycated haemoglobin in individuals with glycemia in the normal/prediabetes range. PATIENTS AND METHODS The anthropometric, biochemical and metabolic parameters were measured in 30 adults, and the plasma levels of sST2 were quantified. RESULTS sST2 was directly correlated with glycated hemoglobin in individuals with glycemia in the normal/prediabetes range. Participants who were at the higher end of glycated hemoglobin (5.8-6.4%) had significantly higher sST2 compared to those at the lower end (≤5.5%). Moreover, sST2 was directly correlated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), alkaline phosphatase, and waist circumference. However, the correlation between sST2 and HOMA-IR or waist circumference was lost after adjusting for age, gender or body mass index. CONCLUSION Circulating sST2 may be used to establish a cut-off value for cardiometabolic risk/disease in individuals with glycemia in the normal/prediabetes range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hasan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Correspondence: Amal Hasan Email
| | - Waleed Aldhahi
- Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaminski TW, Pawlak K, Karbowska M, Znorko B, Mor AL, Mysliwiec M, Pawlak D. The impact of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy on interplay between protein-bound uremic toxin (indoxyl sulfate) and markers of inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:491-502. [PMID: 30617956 PMCID: PMC6424951 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-02064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of the most potent uremic toxins involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, induction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases occurrence. It is proved that hypertension is a common CVD complication and a major death risk factor as well as contributes for decline in a renal function. The aim of our study was to investigate how implementing of antihypertensive therapy impact IS concentrations and the associations between IS and markers of renal function, inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS Study was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with CKD and hypertension, divided into three groups: without hypotensive therapy (CKD-NONE), hypotensive monotherapy (CKD-MONO), and hypotensive polypharmacotherapy (CKD-POLI), and 18 healthy volunteers. The markers of inflammation [interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neopterin, ferritin], oxidative status [superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL-abs)], and selectins were determinate using immunoenzymatic methods. IS levels were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography and other parameters were analysed using routine laboratory techniques. Then cross-sectional analysis was performed. RESULTS Elevated levels of IS, indicators of kidney function, markers of inflammation and blood pressure values were observed in each CKD subgroups. There was no effect of antihypertensive therapy on IS levels between studied groups, as well as there was no clear relationship between IS and blood pressure values in each studied group. The positive associations between IS and Cu/Zn SOD, neopterin, hs-CRP, creatinine and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio were observed in CKD-NONE and CKD-POLI subgroups. Additionally, in CKD-POLI group IS positively correlated with TNF-α, ferritin and neutrophils. In CKD-MONO group, IS was positively related to oxLDL-abs, neopterin, E-selectin and creatinine, whereas it was inversely associated with hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed for the first time that the antihypertensive therapy has no impact on IS levels in CKD patients with hypertension. However, the introduction of the antihypertensive therapy modified the dependencies between IS and the studied markers of kidney function, inflammation, oxidative stress and hematological parameters that are crucial for mortality and morbidity amongst the CKD patients with hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz W Kaminski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Karbowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Beata Znorko
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian L Mor
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Michal Mysliwiec
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saji S, Asha S, Svenia PJ, Ratheesh M, Sheethal S, Sandya S, Krishnakumar IM. Curcumin-galactomannoside complex inhibits pathogenesis in Ox-LDL-challenged human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1273-1282. [PMID: 29633105 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a pro-atherogenic molecule, which induces inflammatory response and contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction to atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of a novel bioavailable formulation of curcumin as 'curcumagalactomannosides' (CGM) against ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Curcumagalactomannosides was made from natural curcumin using the soluble dietary fibre (galactomannans) derived from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenumgracum) and the hPBMCs were isolated from healthy human volunteers. The cells were cultured in collagen-coated plates at 37 °C and grouped as Group I (Control), Group II (ox-LDL treated) and Group III (ox-LDL + CGM treated). Further analysis of inflammatory markers, reactive oxygen species and mRNA expression levels indicated significantly increased expressions of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 in ox-LDL-treated group along with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Other inflammatory markers such as LOX, PGE2, total COX and lipid peroxidation level were also found to be significantly (p < 0.05) increased upon ox-LDL treatment. The treatment with CGM on the other hand was found to down-regulate and reverse the ox-LDL-induced alterations indicating its potential anti-inflammatory effect on hPBMCs via. NF-κB signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Saji
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Asha
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - M Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - S Sheethal
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - I M Krishnakumar
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Duni A, Liakopoulos V, Rapsomanikis KP, Dounousi E. Chronic Kidney Disease and Disproportionally Increased Cardiovascular Damage: Does Oxidative Stress Explain the Burden? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9036450. [PMID: 29333213 PMCID: PMC5733207 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9036450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are among the groups at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease and significantly shortened remaining lifespan. CKD enhances oxidative stress in the organism with ensuing cardiovascular damage. Oxidative stress in uremia is the consequence of higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas attenuated clearance of pro-oxidant substances and impaired antioxidant defenses play a complementary role. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the increased ROS production in CKD is at least partly mediated by upregulation of the intrarenal angiotensin system. Enhanced oxidative stress in the setting of the uremic milieu promotes enzymatic modification of circulating lipids and lipoproteins, protein carbamylation, endothelial dysfunction via disruption of nitric oxide (NO) pathways, and activation of inflammation, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure are hallmarks of CKD. NADPH oxidase activation, xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and NO-ROS are the main oxidative pathways leading to LVH and the cardiorenal syndrome. Finally, a subset of antioxidant enzymes, the paraoxonases (PON), deserves special attention due to abundant clinical evidence accumulated regarding reduced serum PON1 activity in CKD as a contributor to the increased burden of cardiovascular disease. Future, meticulously designed studies are needed to assess the effects of antioxidant therapy on patients with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anila Duni
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Winklhofer-Roob BM, Faustmann G, Roob JM. Low-density lipoprotein oxidation biomarkers in human health and disease and effects of bioactive compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:38-86. [PMID: 28456641 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the significance of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in health and disease, this review focuses on human studies addressing oxidation of LDL, including three lines of biomarkers, (i) ex vivo LDL resistance to oxidation, a "challenge test" model, (ii) circulating oxidized LDL, indicating the "current in vivo status", and (iii) autoantibodies against oxidized LDL as fingerprints of an immune response to oxidized LDL, along with circulating oxysterols and 4-hydroxynonenal as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation and oxidized LDL are hallmarks in the development of various metabolic, cardiovascular and other diseases. Changes further occur across life stages from infancy to older age as well as in athletes and smokers. Given their responsiveness to targeted nutritional interventions, markers of LDL oxidation have been employed in a rapidly growing number of human studies for more than 2 decades. There is growing interest in foods, which, besides providing energy and nutrients, exert beneficial effects on human health, such as protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage. Any health claim, however, needs to be substantiated by supportive evidence derived from human studies, using reliable biomarkers to demonstrate such beneficial effects. A large body of evidence has accumulated, demonstrating protection of LDL from oxidation by bioactive food compounds, including vitamins, other micronutrients and secondary plant ingredients, which will facilitate the selection of oxidation biomarkers for future human intervention studies and health claim support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Gernot Faustmann
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria; Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Du C, Cao H, Sun H, Zhao G, Lv H. Protective Effect of Baicalein on oxLDL-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Injury in Endothelial Cell. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.280.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Cao J, Ye B, Lin L, Tian L, Yang H, Wang C, Huang W, Huang Z. Curcumin Alleviates oxLDL Induced MMP-9 and EMMPRIN Expression through the Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:62. [PMID: 28261097 PMCID: PMC5306337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is the leading cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina pectoris (UA). However, it still lacks an effective therapy to stabilize the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Numerous reports have shown that upregulation of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) in macrophages is involved in the progression and development of vulnerable plaques. Here we evaluated the impact of curcumin on the expression of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN in macrophages. Macrophages were pretreated with curcumin or specific inhibitors (p38 MAPK inhibitor, NF-κB p65 inhibitor) for 1 h, then cells were cultured with oxLDL for indicated time. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the expression of mRNA and proteins. Translocation of NF-κB p65 was detected by using laser confocal microscopy. Here we showed that curcumin attenuated the MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression in oxLDL stimulated macrophages. Further studies revealed that curcumin inhibited oxLDL induced NF-κB activation and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These findings illustrated that curcumin can inhibit the expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 in oxLDL stimulated macrophages through down regulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which might be the molecular mechanism for the anti-atherosclerotic effect of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University WenZhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wagner S, Apetrii M, Massy ZA, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Scharnagel H, März W, Metzger M, Rossignol P, Jardine A, Holdaas H, Fellström B, Schmieder R, Stengel B, Zannad F. Oxidized LDL, statin use, morbidity, and mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:14-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1241878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wagner
- Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Mugurel Apetrii
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E. Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hubert Scharnagel
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marie Metzger
- Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques - Plurithématique 14-33, and Inserm U1116, CHU de Nancy, and Université de Lorraine, France and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
- Association Lorraine de Traitement de l’Insuffisance Rénale (ALTIR), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alan Jardine
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bénédicte Stengel
- Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques - Plurithématique 14-33, and Inserm U1116, CHU de Nancy, and Université de Lorraine, France and F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Florens N, Calzada C, Lyasko E, Juillard L, Soulage CO. Modified Lipids and Lipoproteins in Chronic Kidney Disease: A New Class of Uremic Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E376. [PMID: 27999257 PMCID: PMC5198570 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an enhanced oxidative stress and deep modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. First, many oxidized lipids accumulate in CKD and were shown to exert toxic effects on cells and tissues. These lipids are known to interfere with many cell functions and to be pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory, especially in the cardiovascular system. Some, like F2-isoprostanes, are directly correlated with CKD progression. Their accumulation, added to their noxious effects, rendered their nomination as uremic toxins credible. Similarly, lipoproteins are deeply altered by CKD modifications, either in their metabolism or composition. These impairments lead to impaired effects of HDL on their normal effectors and may strongly participate in accelerated atherosclerosis and failure of statins in end-stage renal disease patients. This review describes the impact of oxidized lipids and other modifications in the natural history of CKD and its complications. Moreover, this review focuses on the modifications of lipoproteins and their impact on the emergence of cardiovascular diseases in CKD as well as the appropriateness of considering them as actual mediators of uremic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nans Florens
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Catherine Calzada
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Egor Lyasko
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Juillard
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The association between oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies and hematological diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:190. [PMID: 27825356 PMCID: PMC5101799 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study is to compare the profiles of antibodies (IgM and IgG) against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) of hematological diseases. Methods The serum antibodies of oxLDL-IgM and oxLDL-IgG for 446 cases with hematological diseases and 90 patients with primary hypertension and 90 healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cross-section survey. The association of serum oxLDL-LgM and oxLDL-IgG with hematological diseases was analyzed by multiple linear regression model. Results Comparing with the hypertension or normal groups, the levels of TCH, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, oxLDL, and oxLDL-IgG were lower and the levels of ADP and oxLDL-IgM were higher in the hematological diseases group. The levels of oxLDL-IgG antibodies titer were different among hematological diseases group. The results of correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that the seven hematological disease subgroups were positively related to the oxLDL-IgM antibody titer but negatively related to the oxLDL-IgG antibody titer, having been adjusted for potential confounding factors such as age, SBP, DBP, BMI, TCH, TG, ADP, oxLDL, HDL-c, LDL-C. Conclusions Here we show that oxLDL-IgG antibodies titer were lower and of oxLDL-IgM titer were higher than hypertension and healthy individuals. Also oxLDL-IgG titer were different among hematological diseases group.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ampuero J, Ranchal I, Gallego-Durán R, Pareja MJ, Del Campo JA, Pastor-Ramírez H, Rico MC, Picón R, Pastor L, García-Monzón C, Andrade R, Romero-Gómez M. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is linked to advanced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease lean patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1611-8. [PMID: 26946071 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A small but significant proportion of patients with normal body mass index show non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a powerful immunogenic molecule, which causes oxidative stress and produces antibodies (oxLDL-ab). We aimed to analyze the role of oxLDL-ab on histological features in lean-NAFLD patients. METHODS Seventy-two biopsy-proven NAFLD patients were included. Lean patients showed body index mass of <30 kg/m(2) . Liver biopsies were assessed by one pathologist blinded to clinical data. Histological features were non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and liver fibrosis. Metabolic and hepatic profiles were analyzed, and lipid-lowering medication was recorded. OxLDL-ab levels were measured by ELISA. OxLDL-ab-based lipid indexes analyzed: oxLDL-ab/total cholesterol ratio; oxLDL-ab/LDL-c ratio; oxLDL-ab/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio; and oxLDL-ab/oxLDL ratio. RESULTS Lean-NAFLD patients presented 26.5% (9/34) of NASH. OxLDL-ab/HDL-c ratio (r = 0.570; n = 34; P = 0.001) correlated with NAS score and was the only variable associated with NASH in the multivariate analysis [odds ratio, OR, 1.10 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01-1.21); P = 0.039]. Severe steatosis was present in 41.2% (14/34) of lean-NAFLD patients. OxLDL-ab/HDL-c ratio was higher in patients with grade-III steatosis (54.9 (37.3-124.6)) than those with grade II (37.1 (20.2-71.1)) and grade I (17.7 (13.1-22.8)) (P = 0.018). Hepatocellular ballooning was present in 20.6% (7/34) of lean-NAFLD patients, and OxLDL-ab/HDL-c ratio (OR 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01-1.05]; P = 0.050) was independently associated with histological features. OxLDL-ab/HDL-c ratio was higher in patients with advanced fibrosis (39.8 (22.9-121.6) vs 17.7 (13.9-30.9); P = 0.025), increasing gradually with the fibrosis stage (P = 0.042) and remained in the final multivariate model [OR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00-1.11); P = 0.05]. However, in obese-NAFLD patients, oxLDL/HDL-c ratio was not associated with histological features. CONCLUSIONS Oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio could represent an interesting biomarker associated with NASH, hepatocellular ballooning, and liver fibrosis, in lean patients. OxLDL-ab/HDL-c could play an important role for distinguishing patients with and without NAFLD complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ampuero
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases & CIBERehd. Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases & CIBERehd. Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Jose Antonio Del Campo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Valme University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Helena Pastor-Ramírez
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases & CIBERehd. Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Carmen Rico
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases & CIBERehd. Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Picón
- Cardiology Unit, Valme University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Pastor
- Cardiology Unit, Valme University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Santa Cristina University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Andrade
- Unit for the Medical Management of Digestive Diseases & CIBERehd, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga - IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases & CIBERehd. Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ananthakrishnan S, Kaysen GA. Treatment of Hyperlipidemia Changes With Level of Kidney Function-Rationale. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2016; 23:247-54. [PMID: 27324678 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein abnormalities such as low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high triglycerides (TGs), associated with the metabolic syndrome, are also associated with subsequent decline in kidney function. Patients with end-stage kidney disease also exhibit low HDL and high TGs and a modest reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although the mechanisms responsible for these changes differ when patients with end-stage kidney disease are compared with those having metabolic syndrome with normal kidney function, as do lipoprotein structures. Among dialysis patients, oxidized LDL, levels of TG-rich intermediate-density lipoprotein, and low HDL are associated with aortic pulsewave velocity and other markers of atherosclerosis. Statins are effective in reducing LDL and do decrease risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD not requiring dialysis but have no significant effect on outcomes, including all-cause mortality among dialysis patients. Similarly gemfibrozil and other fibrates lower TGs, increase HDL, and reduce cardiovascular events, but not mortality, among patients with CKD not requiring dialysis but have no significant effect on cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. There is potential clinical benefit in treating elevated LDL, TGs, and low HDL in patients with CKD using statins or fibrates in those not yet requiring dialysis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Teixeira PC, Ferber P, Vuilleumier N, Cutler P. Biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment in autoimmune diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:48-57. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Camillo Teixeira
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel; Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine; Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ferber
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine; Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine; Geneva University Hospitals; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Paul Cutler
- Pharma Research and Early Development; Roche Innovation Center Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gu L, Faig A, Abdelhamid D, Uhrich K. Sugar-based amphiphilic polymers for biomedical applications: from nanocarriers to therapeutics. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2867-77. [PMID: 25141069 DOI: 10.1021/ar4003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Various therapeutics exhibit unfavorable physicochemical properties or stability issues that reduce their in vivo efficacy. Therefore, carriers able to overcome such challenges and deliver therapeutics to specific in vivo target sites are critically needed. For instance, anticancer drugs are hydrophobic and require carriers to solubilize them in aqueous environments, and gene-based therapies (e.g., siRNA or pDNA) require carriers to protect the anionic genes from enzymatic degradation during systemic circulation. Polymeric micelles, which are self-assemblies of amphiphilic polymers (APs), constitute one delivery vehicle class that has been investigated for many biomedical applications. Having a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell, polymeric micelles have been used as drug carriers. While traditional APs are typically comprised of nondegradable block copolymers, sugar-based amphiphilic polymers (SBAPs) synthesized by us are comprised of branched, sugar-based hydrophobic segments and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chain. Similar to many amphiphilic polymers, SBAPs self-assemble into polymeric micelles. These nanoscale micelles have extremely low critical micelle concentrations offering stability against dilution, which occurs with systemic administration. In this Account, we illustrate applications of SBAPs for anticancer drug delivery via physical encapsulation within SBAP micelles and chemical conjugation to form SBAP prodrugs capable of micellization. Additionally, we show that SBAPs are excellent at stabilizing liposomal delivery systems. These SBAP-lipid complexes were developed to deliver hydrophobic anticancer therapeutics, achieving preferential uptake in cancer cells over normal cells. Furthermore, these complexes can be designed to electrostatically complex with gene therapies capable of transfection. Aside from serving as a nanocarrier, SBAPs have also demonstrated unique bioactivity in managing atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular disease. The atherosclerotic cascade is usually triggered by the unregulated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, a cholesterol carrier, in macrophages of the blood vessel wall; SBAPs can significantly inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake in macrophages and abrogate the atherosclerotic cascade. By modification of various functionalities (e.g., branching, stereochemistry, hydrophobicity, and charge) in the SBAP chemical structure, SBAP bioactivity was optimized, and influential structural components were identified. Despite the potential of SBAPs as atherosclerotic therapies, blood stability of the SBAP micelles was not ideal for in vivo applications, and means to stabilize them were pursued. Using kinetic entrapment via flash nanoprecipitation, SBAPs were formulated into nanoparticles with a hydrophobic solute core and SBAP shell. SBAP nanoparticles exhibited excellent physiological stability and enhanced bioactivity compared with SBAP micelles. Further, this method enables encapsulation of additional hydrophobic drugs (e.g., vitamin E) to yield a stable formulation that releases two bioactives. Both as nanoscale carriers and as polymer therapeutics, SBAPs are promising biomaterials for medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Allison Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Teixeira PC, Ducret A, Ferber P, Gaertner H, Hartley O, Pagano S, Butterfield M, Langen H, Vuilleumier N, Cutler P. Definition of human apolipoprotein A-I epitopes recognized by autoantibodies present in patients with cardiovascular diseases. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28249-59. [PMID: 25170076 PMCID: PMC4192480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies to apolipoprotein A-I (anti-apoA-I IgG) have been shown to be both markers and mediators of cardiovascular disease, promoting atherogenesis and unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Previous studies have shown that high levels of anti-apoA-I IgGs are independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction. Autoantibody responses to apoA-I can be polyclonal and it is likely that more than one epitope may exist. To identify the specific immunoreactive peptides in apoA-I, we have developed a set of methodologies and procedures to isolate, purify, and identify novel apoA-I endogenous epitopes. First, we generated high purity apoA-I from human plasma, using thiophilic interaction chromatography followed by enzymatic digestion specifically at lysine or arginine residues. Immunoreactivity to the different peptides generated was tested by ELISA using serum obtained from patients with acute myocardial infarction and high titers of autoantibodies to native apoA-I. The immunoreactive peptides were further sequenced by mass spectrometry. Our approach successfully identified two novel immunoreactive peptides, recognized by autoantibodies from patients suffering from myocardial infarction, who contain a high titer of anti-apoA-I IgG. The discovery of these epitopes may open innovative prognostic and therapeutic opportunities potentially suitable to improve current cardiovascular risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Camillo Teixeira
- From the Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, 4070 Basel, the Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 1205 Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, and
| | - Axel Ducret
- From the Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, 4070 Basel
| | - Philippe Ferber
- From the Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, 4070 Basel
| | - Hubert Gaertner
- the Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- the Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Pagano
- the Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 1205 Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, and
| | - Michelle Butterfield
- From the Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, 4070 Basel
| | - Hanno Langen
- From the Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, 4070 Basel
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- the Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 1205 Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, and
| | - Paul Cutler
- From the Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, 4070 Basel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hasan A, Al-Ghimlas F, Warsame S, Al-Hubail A, Ahmad R, Bennakhi A, Al-Arouj M, Behbehani K, Dehbi M, Dermime S. IL-33 is negatively associated with the BMI and confers a protective lipid/metabolic profile in non-diabetic but not diabetic subjects. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:19. [PMID: 24886535 PMCID: PMC4053278 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-15-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have demonstrated a protective role for IL-33 against obesity-associated inflammation, atherosclerosis and metabolic abnormalities. IL-33 promotes the production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, polarizes macrophages towards a protective alternatively activated phenotype, reduces lipid storage and decreases the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Our objective was to determine the level of serum IL-33 in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects, and to correlate these levels with clinical (BMI and body weight) and metabolic (serum lipids and HbA1c) parameters. Methods The level of IL-33 was measured in the serum of lean, overweight and obese non-diabetic and diabetic subjects, and then correlated with clinical and metabolic parameters. Results Non-lean subjects had significantly (P = 0.01) lower levels of IL-33 compared to lean controls. IL-33 was negatively correlated with the BMI and body weight in lean and overweight, but not obese (non-diabetic and diabetic), subjects. IL-33 is associated with protective lipid profiles, and is negatively correlated with HbA1c, in non-diabetic (lean, overweight and obese) but not diabetic subjects. Conclusions Our data support previous findings showing a protective role for IL-33 against adiposity and atherosclerosis, and further suggest that reduced levels of IL-33 may put certain individuals at increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Therefore, IL-33 may serve as a novel marker to predict those who may be at increased risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Said Dermime
- Immunology and Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brucker N, Charão MF, Moro AM, Ferrari P, Bubols G, Sauer E, Fracasso R, Durgante J, Thiesen FV, Duarte MM, Gioda A, Castro I, Saldiva PH, Garcia SC. Atherosclerotic process in taxi drivers occupationally exposed to air pollution and co-morbidities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 131:31-8. [PMID: 24637182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Consistent evidence has indicated that the exposure to environmental air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of occupational exposure to air pollution, especially to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the influence of co-morbidities on the atherosclerotic process and inflammation. For that, biomarkers of exposure such as 1-hydroxypyrene urinary, oxidative damage and markers of cardiovascular risk were determined in plasma, serum and blood. In addition, inflammation models such as carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in 58 taxi drivers with and without co-morbidity. The results demonstrated that considering only taxi drivers without co-morbidities, 15% presented carotid intima-media thickness above reference values. For the first time it has been demonstrated that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels were associated with carotid intima-media thickness and with serum homocysteine levels. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that several factors may contribute to the increased carotid intima-media thickness, among which age, interleukin-6, fibrinogen and exposure to PAHs stand out. In summary, our results suggest that chronic occupational exposure to atmospheric pollution could be an additional contributor to the atherogenesis process, leading to impaired vascular health. Moreover, carotid intima-media thickness, serum homocysteine levels, fibrinogen and the total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio could be suggested as preventive measures to monitor drivers' health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele F Charão
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela M Moro
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ferrari
- Toxicology Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bubols
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fracasso
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Durgante
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Thiesen
- Toxicology Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta M Duarte
- Department of Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iran Castro
- Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institute of Cardiology, University Cardiology Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
CHI LIYI, PENG LIJING, HU XIAOJING, PAN NA, ZHANG YANHAI. Berberine combined with atorvastatin downregulates LOX-1 expression through the ET-1 receptor in monocyte/macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:283-90. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
24
|
Masztalewicz M, Nowacki P, Kotlęga D, Bajer-Czajkowska A, Drechsler H. Anti-oxLDL antibodies are clinically insignificant for stroke patients. Neurol Res 2013; 36:86-91. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
25
|
Using oxidized low-density lipoprotein autoantibodies to predict restenosis after balloon angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74726. [PMID: 24098346 PMCID: PMC3789725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein autoantibodies (OLAB) have been detected in human plasma and atherosclerotic lesions. OLAB appear to play a role in the clearance of oxLDL from circulation. Higher levels of OLAB appear to be associated with a reduced risk of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the prognostic value of plasma oxLDL and OLAB in patients undergoing primary coronary balloon angioplasty for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods Plasma oxLDL and OLAB concentrations were measured in 56 patients with acute STEMI before primary angioplasty, and then 3 days, 7 days and 1 month after the acute event. Follow-up angiography was repeated 6 months later to detect the presence of restensosis (defined as >50% luminal diameter stenosis). The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk score was calculated to determine the relationship between OLAB/oxLDL ratio and TIMI risk scores. Results Of the 56 patients, 18 (31%) had angiographic evidence of restenosis. Plasma OLAB concentrations were significantly lower in the restenosis group before angioplasty (181±114 vs. 335±257 U/L, p = 0.003), and at day 3 (155±92 vs. 277±185 U/L, p<0.001) and day 7 (177±110 vs. 352±279 U/L, p<0.001) after the acute event. There was no difference in oxLDL concentration between the two groups. The ratio of OLAB/oxLDL positively correlated with TIMI risk scores before angioplasty (p for trend analysis, p = 0.004), at day 3 (p = 0.008) and day 7 (p<0.001) after STEMI. Significance A relative deficit of OLAB, and hence likely impaired clearance of oxLDL, is associated with the risk of arterial restenosis after primary angioplasty for acute STEMI.
Collapse
|
26
|
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plasma levels and oxLDL to LDL ratio - are they real oxidative stress markers in dialyzed patients? Life Sci 2013; 92:253-8. [PMID: 23295961 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are commonly present in patients during maintenance dialysis treatment. However, the significance of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) as a marker of oxidative stress in uremia is still unresolved. The aim of this study was to establish the role of oxLDL and oxLDL/LDL ratio as markers of lipoprotein abnormalities and oxidative stress in the dialyzed patients. MAIN METHODS Plasma oxLDL level was measured by ELISA, and oxLDL/LDL ratio was calculated in 106 dialyzed patients and 20 controls. The linkages between oxLDL, oxLDL/LDL ratio and lipid profile and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) levels were also analyzed. KEY FINDINGS OxLDL levels and oxLDL/LDL ratio were similar in hemodialyzed patients and controls, whereas these parameters were lower in peritoneally dialyzed patients when compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, both MDA and Cu/Zn SOD levels were significantly higher in uremics than in controls. oxLDL and oxLDL/LDL ratio positively correlated with lipid profile (except of HDL), whereas there were no positive associations between these parameters and both MDA and Cu/Zn SOD. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that increased oxLDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios and total cholesterol levels are the parameters which independently predicted oxLDL in dialyzed patients. In the case of oxLDL/LDL ratio, the independent variables were oxLDL/HDL ratio, total cholesterol and HDL levels. SIGNIFICANCE oxLDL levels and oxLDL/LDL ratio seem to be the markers of lipoprotein abnormalities rather than the markers of oxidative stress in the population of dialyzed patients.
Collapse
|