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Li S, Gao Z, Li H, Xu C, Chen B, Zha Q, Yang K, Wang W. Hif-1α/Slit2 Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Changes in Restenosis of Bypass Grafts. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1021-1031. [PMID: 37097589 PMCID: PMC10615989 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in restenosis of bypass grafts and cause artery graft occlusion. This study aimed to explore the role of Slit2 in phenotypic switching of VSMCs and its effect on restenosis of vascular conduits. An animal model of vascular graft restenosis (VGR) was produced in SD rats and assessed by echocardiography. The expression of Slit2 and Hif-1α was measured in vivo and in vitro. After Slit2 overexpression, the migration and proliferation of VSMCs were detected in vitro, and the restenosis rates and phenotype of VSMCs were tested in vivo. The arteries of the VGR model presented significant stenosis, and Slit2 was decreased in VSMCs of the VGR model. In vitro, Slit2 overexpression inhibited the migration and proliferation of VSMCs, but Slit2 knockdown promoted migration and proliferation. Hypoxia induced Hif-1α but reduced Slit2, and Hif-1α negatively regulated Slit2 expression. Moreover, Slit2 overexpression weakened the rate of VGR and maintained the patency of artery bypass grafts, which suppressed the phenotypic switching of VSMCs. Slit2 inhibited the synthetic phenotype transformation to inhibit the migration and proliferation of VSMCs and delayed the VGR via Hif-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Qing Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Meyer-Lindemann U, Moggio A, Dutsch A, Kessler T, Sager HB. The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3394. [PMID: 36834808 PMCID: PMC9967592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy beneficially modifying the course of multiple diseases. The protective mechanisms of exercise are manifold; primarily, they are elicited by alterations in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Exercise intensity and duration strongly influence the provoked response. This narrative review aims to provide comprehensive up-to-date insights into the beneficial effects of physical exercise by illustrating the impact of moderate and vigorous exercise on innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we describe qualitative and quantitative changes in different leukocyte subsets while distinguishing between acute and chronic exercise effects. Further, we elaborate on how exercise modifies the progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, representing a prime example of a disease triggered by metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Here, we describe how exercise counteracts causal contributors and thereby improves outcomes. In addition, we identify gaps that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Meyer-Lindemann
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dutsch
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Hypoxia signaling in human health and diseases: implications and prospects for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:218. [PMID: 35798726 PMCID: PMC9261907 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is linked to several biological processes, including pathogenic microbe infection, metabolic adaptation, cancer, acute and chronic diseases, and other stress responses. The mechanism underlying cells respond to oxygen changes to mediate subsequent signal response is the central question during hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) sense hypoxia to regulate the expressions of a series of downstream genes expression, which participate in multiple processes including cell metabolism, cell growth/death, cell proliferation, glycolysis, immune response, microbe infection, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Importantly, hypoxia signaling also interacts with other cellular pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of hypoxia signaling activation, the control of HIF signaling, and the function of HIF signaling in human health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic targets involved in HIF signaling to balance health and diseases are summarized and highlighted, which would provide novel strategies for the design and development of therapeutic drugs.
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Harki O, Bouyon S, Sallé M, Arco-Hierves A, Lemarié E, Demory A, Chirica C, Vilgrain I, Pépin JL, Faury G, Briançon-Marjollet A. Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Cleavage Prevents Elastic Fiber Alterations and Atherosclerosis Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in the Mouse Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137012. [PMID: 35806017 PMCID: PMC9266969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH), the major feature of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), induces atherosclerosis and elastic fiber alterations. VE-cadherin cleavage is increased in OSAS patients and in an IH-cellular model. It is mediated by HIF-1 and Src-tyr-kinases pathways and results in endothelial hyperpermeability. Our aim was to determine whether blocking VE-cadherin cleavage in vivo could be an efficient strategy to inhibit deleterious IH-induced vascular remodeling, elastic fiber defects and atherogenesis. VE-cadherin regulation, aortic remodeling and atherosclerosis were studied in IH-exposed C57Bl/6J or ApoE-/-mice treated or not with Src-tyr-kinases inhibitors (Saracatinib/Pazopanib) or a HIF-1 inhibitor (Acriflavine). Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to IH and treated with the same inhibitors. LDL and the monocytes transendothelium passage were measured. In vitro, IH increased transendothelium LDL and monocytes passage, and the tested inhibitors prevented these effects. In mice, IH decreased VE-cadherin expression and increased plasmatic sVE level, intima-media thickness, elastic fiber alterations and atherosclerosis, while the inhibitors prevented these in vivo effects. In vivo inhibition of HIF-1 and Src tyr kinase pathways were associated with the prevention of IH-induced elastic fiber/lamella degradation and atherogenesis, which suggests that VE-cadherin could be an important target to limit atherogenesis and progression of arterial stiffness in OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Harki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Marine Sallé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Arco-Hierves
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Emeline Lemarié
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alexandra Demory
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Carole Chirica
- Unité Biochimie Immunoanalyse, Service de Biochimie SB2TE, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1292, CEA, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Gilles Faury
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
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Christoph M, Pflücke C, Mensch M, Augstein A, Jellinghaus S, Ende G, Mierke J, Franke K, Wielockx B, Ibrahim K, Poitz DM. Myeloid PHD2 deficiency accelerates neointima formation via Hif-1α. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:48-58. [PMID: 35724581 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The key players of the hypoxic response are the hypoxia-inducible factors (Hif), whose α-subunits are tightly regulated by Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHD), predominantly by PHD2. Monocytes/Macrophages are involved in atherosclerosis but also restenosis and were found at hypoxic and sites of the lesion. Little is known about the role of the myeloid PHD2 in atherosclerosis and neointima formation. The study aimed to investigate the consequences of a myeloid deficiency of PHD2 in the process of neointima formation using an arterial denudation model. LysM-cre mice were crossed with PHD2fl/fl, PHD2fl/fl/Hif1αfl/fl and PHD2fl/fl/Hif2αfl/fl to get myeloid specific knockout of PHD2 and the Hif-α subunits. Denudation of the femoral artery was performed and animals were fed a western type diet afterwards with analysis of neointima formation 5 and 35 days after denudation. Increased neointima formation in myeloid PHD2 knockouts was observed, which was blunted by double-knockout of PHD2 and Hif1α whereas double knockout of PHD2 and Hif-2α showed comparable lesions to the PHD2 knockouts. Macrophage infiltration was comparable to the neointima formation, suggesting a more inflammatory reaction, and was accompanied by increased intimal VEGF-A expression. Collagen-content inversely correlated to the extent of neointima formation suggesting a destabilization of the plaque. This effect might be triggered by macrophage polarization. Therefore, in vitro results showed a distinct expression pattern in differentially polarized macrophages with high expression of Hif-1α, VEGF and MMP-1 in proinflammatory M1 macrophages. In conclusion, the results show that myeloid Hif-1α is involved in neointima hyperplasia. Our in vivo and in vitro data reveal a central role for this transcription factor in driving plaque-vascularization accompanied by matrix-degradation leading to plaque destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Christoph
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität, Dresden Campus, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christian Pflücke
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Mensch
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Augstein
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jellinghaus
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Ende
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Mierke
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karim Ibrahim
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität, Dresden Campus, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, University Hospital at the Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Functional Phenotypes of Intraplaque Macrophages and Their Distinct Roles in Atherosclerosis Development and Atheroinflammation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020452. [PMID: 35203661 PMCID: PMC8962399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the key inflammatory cell type involved in all stages of atherosclerosis development and progression, as demonstrated by numerous studies. Correspondingly, macrophages are currently regarded as a promising therapeutic target for the development of new treatment approaches. The macrophage population is heterogeneous and dynamic, as these cells can switch between a number of distinct functional states with pro- and anti-atherogenic activity in response to various stimuli. An atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment defined by cytokine levels, cell-to-cell interactions, lipid accumulation, hypoxia, neoangiogenesis, and intraplaque haemorrhage may guide local macrophage polarization processes within the lesion. In this review, we discuss known functional phenotypes of intraplaque macrophages and their distinct contribution to ahteroinflammation.
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Jakubiak GK, Pawlas N, Cieślar G, Stanek A. Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance of In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211970. [PMID: 34831726 PMCID: PMC8617716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In the population of people living with DM, PAD is characterised by multi-level atherosclerotic lesions as well as greater involvement of the arteries below the knee. DM is also a factor that significantly increases the risk of lower limb amputation. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty with or without stent implantation is an important method of the treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, but restenosis is a factor limiting its long-term effectiveness. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the course of DM differs slightly from that in the general population. In the population of people living with DM, more attention is drawn to such factors as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, blood rheological properties, hypercoagulability, and additional factors stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. DM is a risk factor for restenosis. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature and to present the most important information on the current state of knowledge on mechanisms and the clinical significance of restenosis and in-stent restenosis in patients with DM, especially in association with the endovascular treatment of PAD. The role of such processes as inflammation, neointimal hyperplasia and neoatherosclerosis, allergy, resistance to antimitotic drugs used for coating stents and balloons, genetic factors, and technical and mechanical factors are discussed. The information on restenosis collected in this publication may be helpful in planning further research in this field, which may contribute to the formulation of more and more precise recommendations for the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz K. Jakubiak
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (G.K.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38 St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (G.K.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (G.K.J.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Liang P, Mao L, Ma Y, Ren W, Yang S. A systematic review on Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms and clinical outcomes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114234. [PMID: 34044079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become a severe threat for human health worldwide, however, optimal therapeutic options are still developed. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule (ZL capsule) is mainly composed of Astragalus membranaceus, Leech, Earthworm, Cinnamomum cassia and Sargentodoxa cuneata, having functions of replenishing qi and activating blood, dispelling wind and reducing phlegm. It is an expanded application on the basis of traditional uses of above TCMs, acquiring a satisfactory curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases over twenty years. AIM OF THE STUDY To comprehensively summarize the main components of ZL capsule, understand the mechanisms of ZL capsule, and conclude clinical regimens of ZL capsule for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected network pharmacology technology to analyze main active compounds and predict underlying mechanism of ZL capsule against atherosclerosis. Molecular docking was performed to simulate the interaction pattern between the active components of ZL capsule and putative targets. Further, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Google Scholar were used to search literatures, with the key words of "Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule", "cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases", "atherosclerosis", "clinical study" and their combinations, mainly from 2000 to 2020. RESULTS Both network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking and animal experiments studies confirmed that mechanisms of ZL capsule plays the role of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by multi-components acting on multi-targets via multi-pathways. Over 1000 clinical cases were benefited from the treatment of ZL capsule, suggesting a holistic concept of "the same therapy for different myocardial and cerebral diseases". CONCLUSIONS For the first time, this systematic review may supply meaningful information for further studies to explore material basis and pharmacodynamics of ZL capsule and also provide a basis for sharing the "Chinese patent medicine" for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Ma
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Pathological Role of Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 in Balloon Angioplasty-Induced Neointima Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168822. [PMID: 34445528 PMCID: PMC8396187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is a common vascular complication after balloon angioplasty. Catheter balloon inflation-induced transient ischemia (hypoxia) of local arterial tissues plays a pathological role in neointima formation. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating glycolytic enzyme, has been reported to associate with cell survival and can be triggered under hypoxia. The purposes of this study were to investigate the possible role and regulation of PGK1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and balloon-injured arteries under hypoxia. Neointimal hyperplasia was induced by a rat carotid artery injury model. The cellular functions and regulatory mechanisms of PGK1 in VSMCs were investigated using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), chemical inhibitors, or anaerobic cultivation. Our data indicated that protein expression of PGK1 can be rapidly induced at a very early stage after balloon angioplasty, and the silencing PGK1-induced low cellular energy circumstance resulted in the suppressions of VSMC proliferation and migration. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that blockage of PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRB) or its downstream pathway, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, effectively reduced hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1α) and PGK1 expressions in VSMCs. In vivo study evidenced that PGK1 knockdown significantly reduced neointima hyperplasia. PGK1 was expressed at the early stage of neointimal formation, and suppressing PGK1 has a potential beneficial effect for preventing restenosis.
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Ullah K, Wu R. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Regulates Endothelial Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:670653. [PMID: 34290616 PMCID: PMC8287728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.670653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form a physical barrier between the lumens and vascular walls of arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymph vessels; thus, they regulate the extravasation of nutrients and oxygen from the circulation into the perivascular space and participate in mechanisms that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis and promote tissue growth and repair. Notably, their role in tissue repair is facilitated, at least in part, by their dependence on glycolysis for energy production, which enables them to resist hypoxic damage and promote angiogenesis in ischemic regions. ECs are also equipped with a network of oxygen-sensitive molecules that collectively activate the response to hypoxic injury, and the master regulators of the hypoxia response pathway are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs reinforce the glycolytic dependence of ECs under hypoxic conditions, but whether HIF activity attenuates or exacerbates the progression and severity of cardiovascular dysfunction varies depending on the disease setting. This review summarizes how HIF regulates the metabolic and angiogenic activity of ECs under both normal and hypoxic conditions and in a variety of diseases that are associated with cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ullah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Kim GD, Ng HP, Chan ER, Mahabeleshwar GH. Macrophage-Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Signaling in Carotid Artery Stenosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1118-1134. [PMID: 33753024 PMCID: PMC8176143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial and diverse roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory vascular diseases. Macrophages are the principal innate immune cells recruited to arterial walls to govern vascular homeostasis by modulating the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, the reorganization of extracellular matrix components, the elimination of dead cells, and the restoration of normal blood flow. However, chronic sterile inflammation within the arterial walls draws inflammatory macrophages into intimal/neointimal regions that may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this context, the accumulation and aberrant activation of macrophages in the neointimal regions govern the progression of inflammatory arterial wall diseases. Herein, we report that myeloid-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) deficiency attenuates vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophage abundance in stenotic arteries and abrogates carotid neointima formation in vivo. The integrated transcriptomics, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, metabolomics, and target gene evaluation showed that HIF1α represses oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and c-MYC signaling pathways while promoting inflammatory, glycolytic, hypoxia response gene expression in stenotic artery macrophages. At the molecular level, proinflammatory agents utilized STAT3 signaling pathways to elevate HIF1α expression in macrophages. Collectively, this study uncovers that macrophage-HIF1α deficiency restrains the pathogenesis of carotid artery stenosis by rewiring inflammatory and metabolic signaling pathways in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Dong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hang Pong Ng
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - E Ricky Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Demandt JAF, van Kuijk K, Theelen TL, Marsch E, Heffron SP, Fisher EA, Carmeliet P, Biessen EAL, Sluimer JC. Whole-Body Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain (PHD) 3 Deficiency Increased Plasma Lipids and Hematocrit Without Impacting Plaque Size in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664258. [PMID: 34055796 PMCID: PMC8160238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Atherosclerosis is an important cause of clinical cardiovascular events. Atherosclerotic plaques are hypoxic, and reoxygenation improves plaque phenotype. Central players in hypoxia are hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and their regulators, HIF-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) isoforms 1, 2, and 3. PHD inhibitors, targeting all three isoforms, are used to alleviate anemia in chronic kidney disease. Likewise, whole-body PHD1 and PHD2ko ameliorate hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis. As the effect of whole-body PHD3 is unknown, we investigated the effects of germline whole-body PHD3ko on atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: To initiate hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLrko) and PHD3/LDLr double knockout (PHD3dko), mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet. Atherosclerosis and hypoxia marker pimonidazole were analyzed in aortic roots and brachiocephalic arteries. In contrast to earlier reports on PHD1- and PHD2-deficient mice, a small elevation in the body weight and an increase in the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed after 10 weeks of diet. Dyslipidemia might be explained by an increase in hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp7a1 and fatty acid synthase, while lipid efflux of PHD3dko macrophages was comparable to controls. Despite dyslipidemia, plaque size, hypoxia, and phenotype were not altered in the aortic root or in the brachiocephalic artery of PHD3dko mice. Additionally, PHD3dko mice showed enhanced blood hematocrit levels, but no changes in circulating, splenic or lymphoid immune cell subsets. Conclusion: Here, we report that whole-body PHD3dko instigated an unfavorable lipid profile and increased hematocrit, in contrast to other PHD isoforms, yet without altering atherosclerotic plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A. F. Demandt
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Theelen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elke Marsch
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sean P. Heffron
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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Jain T, Nikolopoulou EA, Xu Q, Qu A. Hypoxia inducible factor as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 183:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Cytoprotective effects of transgenic neuroglobin overexpression in an acute and chronic mouse model of ischemic heart disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:80-88. [PMID: 29098407 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is an oxygen-binding protein that is mainly expressed in nervous tissues where it is considered to be neuroprotective during ischemic brain injury. Interestingly, transgenic mice overexpressing NGB reveal cytoprotective effects on tissues lacking endogenous NGB, which might indicate a therapeutic role for NGB in a broad range of ischemic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NGB overexpression on survival as well as on the size and occurrence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in a mouse model of acute MI (AMI) and a model of advanced atherosclerosis (ApoE -/- Fbn1 C1039G+/- mice), in which coronary plaques and MI develop in mice being fed a Western-type diet. Overexpression of NGB significantly enhanced post-AMI survival and reduced MI size by 14% 1 week after AMI. Gene expression analysis of the infarction border showed reduction of tissue hypoxia and attenuation of hypoxia-induced inflammatory pathways, which might be responsible for these beneficial effects. In contrast, NGB overexpression did not affect survival or occurrence of MI in the atherosclerotic mice although the incidence of coronary plaques was significantly reduced. In conclusion, NGB proved to act cytoprotectively during MI in the acute setting while this effect was less pronounced in the atherosclerosis model.
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de Jager SCA, Meeuwsen JAL, van Pijpen FM, Zoet GA, Barendrecht AD, Franx A, Pasterkamp G, van Rijn BB, Goumans MJ, den Ruijter HM. Preeclampsia and coronary plaque erosion: Manifestations of endothelial dysfunction resulting in cardiovascular events in women. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:129-137. [PMID: 28899695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk for CVD is increased in women with a history of preeclampsia. Multiple studies have indicated that accelerated atherosclerosis underlies this increased CVD risk. Furthermore, it has been suggested that endothelial dysfunction and inflammation play an important role in the increased CVD risk of women with preeclampsia. Rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques can induce the formation of thrombi that underlie the onset of acute clinical CVD such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In relatively young women, cardiovascular events are mainly due to plaque erosions. Eroded plaques have a distinct morphology compared to ruptured plaques, but have been understudied as a substrate for CVD. The currently available evidence points towards lesions with features of stability such as high collagen content and smooth muscle cells and with distinct mechanisms that further promote the pro-thrombotic environment such as Toll Like Receptor (TLR) signaling and endothelial apoptosis. These suggested mechanisms, that point to endothelial dysfunction and intimal thickening, may also play a role in preeclampsia. Pregnancy is considered a stress test for the cardiovascular system with preeclampsia as an additional pathological substrate for earlier manifestation of vascular disease. This review provides a summary of the possible common mechanisms involved in preeclampsia and accelerated atherosclerosis in young females and highlights plaque erosion as a likely substrate for CVD events in women with a history of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - John A L Meeuwsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freeke M van Pijpen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbrand A Zoet
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Barendrecht
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mierke J, Christoph M, Pfluecke C, Jellinghaus S, Wunderlich C, Strasser RH, Ibrahim K, Poitz DM. Atheroprotective role of Caveolin-1 and eNOS in an innovative transplantation model is mainly mediated by local effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:529-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Camaré C, Pucelle M, Nègre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R. Angiogenesis in the atherosclerotic plaque. Redox Biol 2017; 12:18-34. [PMID: 28212521 PMCID: PMC5312547 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifocal alteration of the vascular wall of medium and large arteries characterized by a local accumulation of cholesterol and non-resolving inflammation. Atherothrombotic complications are the leading cause of disability and mortality in western countries. Neovascularization in atherosclerotic lesions plays a major role in plaque growth and instability. The angiogenic process is mediated by classical angiogenic factors and by additional factors specific to atherosclerotic angiogenesis. In addition to its role in plaque progression, neovascularization may take part in plaque destabilization and thromboembolic events. Anti-angiogenic agents are effective to reduce atherosclerosis progression in various animal models. However, clinical trials with anti-angiogenic drugs, mainly anti-VEGF/VEGFR, used in anti-cancer therapy show cardiovascular adverse effects, and require additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Camaré
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Departement, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Mélanie Pucelle
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Robert Salvayre
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Departement, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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Abstract
The anoxemia theory proposes that an imbalance between the demand for and supply of oxygen in the arterial wall is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis. There is now substantial evidence that there are regions within the atherosclerotic plaque in which profound hypoxia exists; this may fundamentally change the function, metabolism, and responses of many of the cell types found within the developing plaque and whether the plaque will evolve into a stable or unstable phenotype. Hypoxia is characterized in molecular terms by the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, a subunit of the heterodimeric nuclear transcriptional factor HIF-1 and a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. The expression of HIF-1 is localized to perivascular tissues, inflammatory macrophages, and smooth muscle cells adjacent to the necrotic core of atherosclerotic lesions and regulates several genes that are important to vascular function including vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide synthase, endothelin-1, and erythropoietin. This review summarizes the effects of hypoxia on the functions of cells involved in atherogenesis and the evidence for its potential importance from experimental models and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A A Ferns
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Heikal
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
Injury of arterial endothelium by abnormal shear stress and other insults induces migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which in turn leads to intimal thickening, hypoxia, and vasa vasorum angiogenesis. The resultant new blood vessels extend from the tunica media into the outer intima, allowing blood-borne oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles to accumulate in outer intimal tissues by extravasation through local capillaries. In response to oxLDL accumulation, monocytes infiltrate into arterial wall tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages and subsequently evolve into foam cells by uptaking large quantities of oxLDL particles, the latter process being stimulated by hypoxia. Increased oxygen demand due to expanding macrophage and foam cell populations contributes to persistent hypoxia in plaque lesions, whereas hypoxia further promotes plaque growth by stimulating angiogenesis, monocyte infiltration, and oxLDL uptake into macrophages. Molecularly, the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and the expression of its target genes mediate many of the hypoxia-induced processes during plaque initiation and growth. It is hoped that further understanding of the underlying mechanisms may lead to novel therapies for effective intervention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA,
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20
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Jantsch J, Schödel J. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in myeloid cell-driven host defense and tissue homeostasis. Immunobiology 2014; 220:305-14. [PMID: 25439732 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of tissue oxygenation and hypoxia on immune cells has been recognized as a major determinant of host defense and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize the available data on tissue oxygenation in inflamed and infected tissue and the effect of low tissue oxygenation on myeloid cell function. Furthermore, we will highlight effects of the master regulators of the cellular hypoxic response, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF), in myeloid cells in antimicrobial defense and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jantsch
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany; Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Medizinische Klinik 4, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Translational Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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