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Li M, Wei P, Li K, Liu H, Alam N, Hou H, Deng J, Xu B, Liu E, Zhao S, Li Y. The incidence rate and histological characteristics of intimal hyperplasia in elastase-induced experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2023. [PMID: 38017222 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a negative vascular remodeling after arterial injury. IH occasionally occurs in elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mouse models. This study aims to clarify the incidence and histological characteristics of IH in aneurysmal mice. A retrospective study was conducted by including 42 male elastase-induced mouse AAA models. The IH incidence, aortic diameters with or without IH, and hyperplasia lesional features of mice were analyzed. Among 42 elastase-induced AAA mouse models, 10 mice developed mild IH (24%) and severe IH was found in only 2 mice (5%). The outer diameters of the AAA segments in mice with and without IH did not show significant difference. Both mild and severe IH lesions show strong smooth muscle cell positive staining, but endothelial cells were occasionally observed in severe IH lesions. There was obvious macrophage infiltration in the IH lesions of the AAA mouse models, especially in mice with severe IH. However, only a lower numbers of T cells and B cells were found in the IH lesion. Local cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 was highly expressed in all IH lesions, but MMP9 was only overexpressed in severe lesions. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence of aneurysmal IH and its histological characteristics in an elastase-induced mouse AAA model. This will help researchers better understand this model, and optimize it for use in AAA-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Panpan Wei
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haole Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Naqash Alam
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiwen Hou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yankui Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Niu F, Liu Z, Liu P, Pan H, Bi J, Li P, Luo G, Chen Y, Zhang X, Dai X. Identification of novel genetic biomarkers and treatment targets for arteriosclerosis-related abdominal aortic aneurysm using bioinformatic tools. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:9761-9774. [PMID: 34814367 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of epidemiological studies have confirmed that arteriosclerosis (AS) is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the relationship between AS and AAA remains controversial. The objective of this work is to better understand the association between the two diseases by identifying the co-differentially expressed genes under both pathological conditions, so as to identify potential genetic biomarkers and treatment targets for atherosclerosis-related aneurysms. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both AS and AAA patients were identified by bioinformatics analyses of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE100927 and GSE7084. These DEGs were then subjected to bioinformatic analyses of protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, the identified hub genes were further validated by qRT-PCR in AS (n = 4), AAA (n = 4), and healthy (n = 4) individuals. Differential expression analysis revealed a total of 169 and 37 genes that had increased and decreased expression levels, respectively, in both AS and AAA patients compared with healthy controls. The construction of a PPI network and key modules resulted in the identification of five hub genes (SPI1, TYROBP, TLR2, FCER1G, and MMP9) as candidate diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for patients with AS-related AAA. AS and AAA are indeed correlated; SPI1, TYROBP, TLR2, FCER1G and MMP9 genes are potential new genetic biomarkers for AS-related AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Niu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongrui Pan
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxue Bi
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangze Luo
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangchen Dai
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Dattani N, Sayers RD, Bown MJ. Diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysms: A review of the mechanisms underlying the negative relationship. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:367-374. [PMID: 29874945 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118780799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus appears to be negatively associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the currently understood biological pathways underlying this relationship. METHODS A review of the literature ('diabetes' OR 'hyperglycaemia' AND 'aneurysm') was performed and relevant studies grouped into biological pathways. RESULTS This review identified a number of biological pathways through which diabetes mellitus may limit the presence, growth and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. These include those influencing extracellular matrix volume, extracellular matrix glycation, the formation of advanced glycation end-products, inflammation, oxidative stress and intraluminal thrombus biology. In addition, there is an increasing evidence to suggest that the medications used to treat diabetes can also limit the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms. CONCLUSION The negative association between diabetes and abdominal aortic aneurysm is robust. Future studies should attempt to target the pathways identified in this review to develop novel therapeutic agents aimed at slowing or even halting aneurysm progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Dattani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert D Sayers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew J Bown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Busch A, Hartmann E, Grimm C, Ergün S, Kickuth R, Otto C, Kellersmann R, Lorenz U. Heterogeneous histomorphology, yet homogeneous vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation, characterize human aneurysm disease. J Vasc Surg 2017; 66:1553-1564.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Doderer SA, Gäbel G, Kokje VBC, Northoff BH, Holdt LM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Adventitial adipogenic degeneration is an unidentified contributor to aortic wall weakening in the abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2017; 67:1891-1900.e4. [PMID: 28912007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The processes driving human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression are not fully understood. Although antiinflammatory and proteolytic strategies effectively quench aneurysm progression in preclinical models, so far all clinical interventions failed. These observations hint at an incomplete understanding of the processes involved in AAA progression and rupture. Interestingly, strong clinical and molecular associations exist between popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) and AAAs; however, PAAs have an extremely low propensity to rupture. We thus reasoned that differences between these aneurysms may provide clues toward (auxiliary) processes involved in AAA-related wall debilitation. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic processes driving AAA growth can contribute to pharmaceutical treatments in the future. METHODS Aneurysmal wall samples were collected during open elective and emergency repair. Control perirenal aorta was obtained during kidney transplantation, and reference popliteal tissue obtained from the anatomy department. This study incorporates various techniques including (immuno)histochemistry, Western Blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarray, and cell culture. RESULTS Histologic evaluation of AAAs, PAAs, and control aorta shows extensive medial (PAA) and transmural fibrosis (AAA), and reveals abundant adventitial adipocytes aggregates as an exclusive phenomenon of AAAs (P < .001). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and microarray analysis showed enrichment of adipogenic mediators (C/EBP family P = .027; KLF5 P < .000; and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ, P = .032) in AAA tissue. In vitro differentiation tests indicated a sharply increased adipogenic potential of AAA adventitial mesenchymal cells (P < .0001). Observed enrichment of adipocyte-related genes and pathways in ruptured AAA (P < .0003) supports an association between the extent of fatty degeneration and rupture. CONCLUSIONS This translational study identifies extensive adventitial fatty degeneration as an ignored and distinctive feature of AAA disease. Enrichment of adipocyte genesis and adipocyte-related genes in ruptured AAA point to an association between the extent of fatty degeneration and rupture. This observation may (partly) explain the failure of medical therapy and could provide a lead for pharmaceutical alleviation of AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Doderer
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabor Gäbel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivianne B C Kokje
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd H Northoff
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaap F Hamming
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Verhoeven J, Lambrecht A, Verbrugghe P, Herijgers P, Fourneau I. Remnant Epitope Autoimmunity in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Pilot Study with Elastin Peptides. Ann Vasc Surg 2017; 44:408-413. [PMID: 28602894 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent disease affecting around 5% of the population aged more than 65 years. The exact etiology and physiopathology of AAA still raises questions, and elective surgery is currently the only treatment option for this often progressive disease. In this study, we hypothesized and tested a pathophysiological model that depicts AAA as an inflammation-triggered autoimmune disease with remnant vessel wall peptide fragments as the antigen. METHODS A pilot study with male AAA patients (n = 14) and male controls (n = 8) was conducted. In both study groups, peripheral blood monocytes and plasma were separated from whole blood by centrifugation. An ELISpot test was performed on cultured white blood cells for the presence of elastin-specific T-lymphocytes. An Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was performed on plasma for the presence of elastin-specific IgG molecules. RESULTS ELISpot interferon-gamma secretion in AAA (7.7 ± 9.5%) and control (4.6 ± 3.5%) and ELISA anti-elastin IgG titer in AAA (77.5 ± 17.8%) and control (78.2 ± 31.5%) were not significantly different (P = 0.94 and P = 0.55, respectively). Both results are expressed as a percentage relative to the respective positive and negative control. CONCLUSIONS The results of our pilot study did not indicate a clear and invariable autoimmune process directed against remnant elastin peptide fragments. Further research into the model mechanics and a possible antigen is still necessary. In the mean time, the model as presented here already offers a pathophysiological framework to further research into the possible remnant epitope-driven AAA etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Verhoeven
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Alix Lambrecht
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verbrugghe
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Herijgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Fourneau
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jones GT, Phillips LV, Williams MJA, van Rij AM, Kabir TD. Two C-C Family Chemokines, Eotaxin and RANTES, Are Novel Independent Plasma Biomarkers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002993. [PMID: 27126477 PMCID: PMC4889176 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation of the aortic wall is recognised as a key pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study was undertaken to determine whether inflammatory cytokines could be used as biomarkers for the presence of AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue profiles of 27 inflammatory cytokine were examined in AAA (n=14) and nonaneurysmal (n=14) aortic tissues. Three cytokines, regulated upon activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1b), had increased expression in AAA, particularly within the adventitial layer of the aortic wall. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) had reduced expression in all layers of the AAA wall. Examination of the circulating plasma profiles of AAA (n=442) and AAA-free controls (n=970) suggested a (risk factor adjusted) AAA-association with eotaxin, RANTES, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A plasma inflammatory cytokine score, calculated using these three markers, suggested a strong risk association with AAA (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.5-6.7; P<0.0001), independent of age, sex, history of ischemic heart disease, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to reports suggesting a distinct T helper 2-associated inflammatory profile in AAA, this current study suggests a more-generalized pattern of inflammation, albeit with some potentially distinct features, including elevated plasma eotaxin and decreased plasma RANTES. In combination with hsCRP, these markers may have potential utility as AAA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Andre M van Rij
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tasnuva D Kabir
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Rodella LF, Rezzani R, Bonomini F, Peroni M, Cocchi MA, Hirtler L, Bonardelli S. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and histological, clinical, radiological correlation. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:256-62. [PMID: 26858185 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) still remains unclear. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes of the aortic structure during AAA. We analysed the microscopic frame of vessels sections, starting from the primum movens leading to abnormal dilatation. AAA samples were collected and processed through various staining methods (Verhoeff-Van Gieson, Masson Goldner, Sirius Red). Subsequently, the vessel morphology and collagenic web of the tunica media and adventitia were determined and the amount of type I and type III collagen was measured. We also applied immune-histochemistry markers for CD34 and PGP 9.5 in order to identify vascular and nerve structures in the aorta. Immune-positivity quantification was used to calculate the percentage of the stained area. We found increasing deposition of type I collagen and reduced type III collagen in both tunica media and adventitia of AAA. The total amount of vasa vasorum, marked with CD34, and nerva vasorum, marked with PGP 9.5, was also higher in AAA samples. Cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking) and radiological data (maximum aneurism diameter, intra-luminal thrombus, aortic wall calcification) increased these changes. These results suggest that the tunica adventitia may have a central role in the pathogenesis of AAA as clearly there are major changes characterized by rooted inflammatory infiltration. The presence of immune components could explain these modifications within the framework of the aorta.
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9
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Yan YW, Fan J, Bai SL, Hou WJ, Li X, Tong H. Zinc Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation by Induction of A20-Mediated Suppression of NF-κB Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148536. [PMID: 26918963 PMCID: PMC4769024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and degradation of elastin are the main processes in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Recent studies show that zinc has an anti-inflammatory effect. Based on these, zinc may render effective therapy for the treatment of the AAA. Currently, we want to investigate the effects of zinc on AAA progression and its related molecular mechanism. Rat AAA models were induced by periaortic application of CaCl2. AAA rats were treated by daily intraperitoneal injection of ZnSO4 or vehicle alone. The aorta segments were collected at 4 weeks after surgery. The primary rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were stimulated with TNF-α alone or with ZnSO4 for 3 weeks. The results showed that zinc supplementation significantly suppressed the CaCl2-induced expansion of the abdominal aortic diameter, as well as a preservation of medial elastin fibers in the aortas. Zinc supplementation also obviously attenuated infiltration of the macrophages and lymphocytes in the aortas. In addition, zinc reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 production in the aortas. Most importantly, zinc treatment significantly induced A20 expression, along with inhibition of the NF-κB canonical signaling pathway in vitro in VSMCs and in vivo in rat AAA. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that zinc supplementation could prevent the development of rat experimental AAA by induction of A20-mediated inhibition of the NF-κB canonical signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elastin/metabolism
- I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism
- I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3
- Zinc Sulfate/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Yan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Ling Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei-Jian Hou
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Tong
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Biochanin A inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Life Sci 2015; 136:36-41. [PMID: 26141992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Biochanin A, an isoflavone isolated from red clover, cabbage or alfalfa, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effects of biochanin A on vascular inflammation have not been investigated. In this study, we investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of biochanin A on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC cells). MAIN METHODS The HUVEC cells were treated with biochanin A for 12h before exposure to LPS. The expression of ECAMs, including VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, NF-κB and PPAR-γ was detected by Western blotting. The expression of cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 was detected by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that biochanin A inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-8 production. Meanwhile, biochanin A also suppressed VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression induced by LPS. We also found that biochanin A inhibited NF-κB activation induced by LPS. Furthermore, biochanin A could activate PPAR-γ and the anti-inflammatory effects of biochanin A can be reversed by GW9662, a specific antagonist for PPAR-γ. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effect of biochanin A is associated with activating PPAR-γ, thereby attenuating NF-κB activation and LPS-induced inflammatory response. These findings suggest that biochanin A may be a therapeutic agent for inflammatory cardiovascular disease.
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Upadhyay RK. Emerging risk biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases and disorders. J Lipids 2015; 2015:971453. [PMID: 25949827 PMCID: PMC4407625 DOI: 10.1155/2015/971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Present review article highlights various cardiovascular risk prediction biomarkers by incorporating both traditional risk factors to be used as diagnostic markers and recent technologically generated diagnostic and therapeutic markers. This paper explains traditional biomarkers such as lipid profile, glucose, and hormone level and physiological biomarkers based on measurement of levels of important biomolecules such as serum ferritin, triglyceride to HDLp (high density lipoproteins) ratio, lipophorin-cholesterol ratio, lipid-lipophorin ratio, LDL cholesterol level, HDLp and apolipoprotein levels, lipophorins and LTPs ratio, sphingolipids, Omega-3 Index, and ST2 level. In addition, immunohistochemical, oxidative stress, inflammatory, anatomical, imaging, genetic, and therapeutic biomarkers have been explained in detail with their investigational specifications. Many of these biomarkers, alone or in combination, can play important role in prediction of risks, its types, and status of morbidity. As emerging risks are found to be affiliated with minor and microlevel factors and its diagnosis at an earlier stage could find CVD, hence, there is an urgent need of new more authentic, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic markers to confirm disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Present review aims to discuss new emerging biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of CVDs, HF (heart failures), and various lipid abnormalities and disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Upadhyay
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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12
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Hurks R, Kropman RH, Pennekamp CW, Hoefer IE, de Vries JPP, Pasterkamp G, Vink A, Moll FL. Popliteal artery aneurysms differ from abdominal aortic aneurysms in cellular topography and inflammatory markers. J Vasc Surg 2014; 60:1514-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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