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Porras CP, Teraa M, Damen JAA, Hazenberg CEVB, Bots ML, Verhaar MC, Vernooij RWM. Prognostic Factors and Models to Predict Mortality Outcomes in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2024:S1078-5884(24)00456-8. [PMID: 38795905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2024.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Predicting adverse outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a complex task owing to the heterogeneity in patient and disease characteristics. This systematic review aimed to identify prognostic factors and prognostic models to predict mortality outcomes in patients with PAD Fontaine stage I - III or Rutherford category 0 - 4. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify studies examining individual prognostic factors or studies aiming to develop or validate a prognostic model for mortality outcomes in patients with PAD. REVIEW METHODS Information on study design, patient population, prognostic factors, and prognostic model characteristics was extracted, and risk of bias was evaluated. RESULTS Sixty nine studies investigated prognostic factors for mortality outcomes in PAD. Over 80 single prognostic factors were identified, with age as a predictor of death in most of the studies. Other common factors included sex, diabetes, and smoking status. Six studies had low risk of bias in all domains, and the remainder had an unclear or high risk of bias in at least one domain. Eight studies developed or validated a prognostic model. All models included age in their primary model, but not sex. All studies had similar discrimination levels of > 70%. Five of the studies on prognostic models had an overall high risk of bias, whereas two studies had an overall unclear risk of bias. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that a large number of prognostic studies have been published, with heterogeneity in patient populations, outcomes, and risk of bias. Factors such as sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are significant in predicting mortality risk among patients with PAD Fontaine stage I - III or Rutherford category 0 - 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy P Porras
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Teraa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna A A Damen
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin W M Vernooij
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Jakubiak GK. Cardiac Troponin Serum Concentration Measurement Is Useful Not Only in the Diagnosis of Acute Cardiovascular Events. J Pers Med 2024; 14:230. [PMID: 38540973 PMCID: PMC10971222 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponin serum concentration is the primary marker used for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Moreover, the measurement of cardiac troponin concentration is important for risk stratification in patients with pulmonary embolism. The cardiac troponin level is also a general marker of myocardial damage, regardless of etiology. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review and present the most important information regarding the current state of knowledge on the cardiac troponin serum concentration in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as on the relationships between cardiac troponin serum concentration and features of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction. According to research conducted to date, patients with CVDs, such as chronic coronary syndrome, chronic lower extremities' ischemia, and cerebrovascular disease, are characterized by higher cardiac troponin concentrations than people without a CVD. Moreover, the literature data indicate that the concentration of cardiac troponin is correlated with markers of subclinical dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, such as the intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, coronary artery calcium index (the Agatston score), and flow-mediated dilation. However, further research is needed in various patient subpopulations and in different clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz K Jakubiak
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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3
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Vrsalovic M, Vrsalovic Presecki A, Aboyans V. Cardiac troponins predict mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of adjusted observational studies. Clin Cardiol 2022; 45:198-204. [PMID: 35132665 PMCID: PMC8860477 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A significant proportion of patients (pts) with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have concomitant coronary artery disease and polyvascular involvement contributes to increased risk of death and unfavorable cardiovascular events. Hypothesis Cardiac troponins are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in PAD pts. Methods We systematically searched Medline and Scopus to identify all observational cohort studies published before June 2021 (combining terms “troponin,” “peripheral artery disease,” “peripheral arterial disease,” “intermittent claudication,” and “critical limb ischemia”) that evaluated the prognostic impact of troponin rise on admission on all‐cause mortality and/or major cardiovascular events (MACEs; composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death) in PAD pts followed up at least 6 months. A meta‐analysis was conducted using the generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using Cochrane's Q test and I2 statistic. Results Eight studies were included in the final analysis (5313 pts) with a median follow‐up of 27 months (interquartile range: 12–59 months). The prevalence of troponin positivity was 5.3% (range: 4.4%–8.7%) in pts with intermittent claudication, and 62.6% (range: 33.6%–85%) in critical limb ischemia. Elevated troponins were significantly associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28–3.57; I2 = 50.97%), and MACE (HR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.04–3.26; I2 = 4.00%) without publication bias (p = .24 and p = .10, respectively). Conclusion Troponin rise on admission is associated with adverse long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in symptomatic PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mislav Vrsalovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Cardiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Vrsalovic Presecki
- Department of Reaction Engineering and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France.,INSERM 1094, Limoges University, Limoges, France
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Cimaglia P, Dalla Paola L, Carone A, Scavone G, Manfrini M, Brogneri S, Tenti E, Pavasini R, Bernucci D, Passarini G, Vitali F, Gaudenzi E, Ferrari R, Campo G. High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Predicts Major Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia and Foot Lesions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:595701. [PMID: 34124184 PMCID: PMC8192711 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.595701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and foot lesions show a poor prognosis. Optimal risk stratification to guide tailored intervention is still uncertain. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic role of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT) in such a high-risk population. Methods and Results: Clinical, laboratory, and interventional data, as well as the SPINACH score, were collected. Hs-TnT was measured at hospital admission. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The primary endpoint was the cumulative occurrence of major cardiovascular events (MACEs, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke). The secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Overall, 618 patients were included and followed for a median of 981 (557-1,325) days. Diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) was established in 270 (43.7%) patients. Median hs-TnT at admission was 31 (20-59) ng/L, with 525 (85%) patients over the upper reference limit. Hs-TnT values were significantly higher in patients with established CAD (39 vs. 29 ng/L, p < 0.01). Hs-TnT was an independent predictor of MACE (HR 2.440, 95% CI 1.706-3.489, p < 0.001). The best cut-offs were 40 ng/L (AUC 0.711) for patients with established CAD and 25 ng/L (AUC 0.725) for those without. Hs-TnT emerged also as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. The addition of hs-TnT improved prognostic value of the SPINACH score. Conclusions: Hs-TnT is a powerful biomarker for prognostic stratification of diabetic CLI patients with foot lesions. This is confirmed independently to CAD diagnosis and permits the identification of higher risk patients requiring tailored intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cimaglia
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Luca Dalla Paola
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Anna Carone
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scavone
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Marco Manfrini
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Simona Brogneri
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Elena Tenti
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Bernucci
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy.,Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Department, GVM Care and Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy.,Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Bluro IM, Nardi MA, De Miguel R, Fernández M, Rolando JY, Abraham Fóscolo MM, Denaday LR, Candenas N, Cagide AM, Pizarro R, Furci A. Distribution and prognostic value of high-sensitive troponin T measurement in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:321-328. [PMID: 34556262 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this work was to define a value for the 99th percentile of high-sensitive troponin T and to evaluate the prognostic value of this biomarker in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes without a history of cardiovascular disease. METHODS In this prospective, observational and analytic study, 482 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. The patients were asymptomatic, with no history of cardiovascular events, renal insufficiency, or inflammatory or systemic disease. As events we considered a combined end point of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESULTS 94.9% of the patients had detectable troponin values, 20.7% of the patients had troponin values above the healthy population reference upper threshold (14pg/mL). The 99th percentile value for this patient population was 48pg/mL. Age, sex, the glomerular filtration rate and hypertension were associated with troponin values>14pg/mL. The incidence of MACE was 3.96 per 100 patients/year (p/y) between those with hs-TnT>14pg/mL and 1.07 per 100 p/y between those with hs-TnT≤14pg/mL (HR=3.78 CI95 1.49-9.58; p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS The 99th percentile value of troponin T in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes is 3-fold higher than the value proposed by the manufacturer for a healthy population. We also observed a significant difference in the distribution of troponin T values between men and women. This biomarker may be a valuable prognostic factor, since troponin T values above the reference upper threshold were associated with an increase in the risk of cardiovascular events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Bluro
- Servicio de Cardiología Médica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María A Nardi
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Laboratorio Central, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl De Miguel
- Servicio de Laboratorio Central, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Fernández
- Servicio de Cardiología Médica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Y Rolando
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Laboratorio Central, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria M Abraham Fóscolo
- Servicio de Cardiología Médica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisandro R Denaday
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Laboratorio Central, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nereo Candenas
- Área de Ingeniería de Software, Departamento de Informática en Salud, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo M Cagide
- Servicio de Cardiología Médica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Pizarro
- Servicio de Cardiología Médica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aida Furci
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Laboratorio Central, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Bluro IM, Nardi MA, De Miguel R, Fernández M, Rolando JY, Abraham Fóscolo MM, Denaday LR, Candenas N, Cagide AM, Pizarro R, Furci A. Distribution and prognostic value of high-sensitive troponin T measurement in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:321-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Saenz-Pipaon G, Martinez-Aguilar E, Orbe J, González Miqueo A, Fernandez-Alonso L, Paramo JA, Roncal C. The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073601. [PMID: 33808453 PMCID: PMC8036489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a chronic illness predominantly of atherosclerotic aetiology, associated to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. It is one of the most prevalent CV conditions worldwide in subjects >65 years, estimated to increase greatly with the aging of the population, becoming a severe socioeconomic problem in the future. The narrowing and thrombotic occlusion of the lower limb arteries impairs the walking function as the disease progresses, increasing the risk of CV events (myocardial infarction and stroke), amputation and death. Despite its poor prognosis, PAD patients are scarcely identified until the disease is advanced, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers for PAD patient stratification, that might also contribute to define more personalized medical treatments. In this review, we will discuss the usefulness of inflammatory molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cardiac damage markers, as well as novel components of the liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and non-coding RNAs for lower limb PAD identification, stratification, and outcome assessment. We will also explore the potential of machine learning methods to build prediction models to refine PAD assessment. In this line, the usefulness of multimarker approaches to evaluate this complex multifactorial disease will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goren Saenz-Pipaon
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.S.-P.); (J.O.); (J.A.P.)
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.-A.); (A.G.M.); (L.F.-A.)
| | - Esther Martinez-Aguilar
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.-A.); (A.G.M.); (L.F.-A.)
- Departamento de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.S.-P.); (J.O.); (J.A.P.)
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.-A.); (A.G.M.); (L.F.-A.)
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa González Miqueo
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.-A.); (A.G.M.); (L.F.-A.)
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Heart Failure, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Fernandez-Alonso
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.-A.); (A.G.M.); (L.F.-A.)
- Departamento de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Paramo
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.S.-P.); (J.O.); (J.A.P.)
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.-A.); (A.G.M.); (L.F.-A.)
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Roncal
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.S.-P.); (J.O.); (J.A.P.)
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (E.M.-A.); (A.G.M.); (L.F.-A.)
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948194700
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8
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Kremers B, Wübbeke L, Mees B, Ten Cate H, Spronk H, Ten Cate-Hoek A. Plasma Biomarkers to Predict Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2018-2032. [PMID: 32640905 PMCID: PMC7447177 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Numerous plasma biomarkers have been investigated in lower extremity PAD, but none are used for clinical risk assessment. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of biomarker testing in PAD as a first step to improve risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Kremers
- From the Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (B.K., H.t.C., H.S., A.t.C.-H.)
| | - Lina Wübbeke
- Department of Vascular Surgery (L.W., B.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery (L.W., B.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- From the Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (B.K., H.t.C., H.S., A.t.C.-H.).,Department of Internal Medicine (H.t.C.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.t.C., A.t.C.-H.)
| | - Henri Spronk
- From the Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (B.K., H.t.C., H.S., A.t.C.-H.)
| | - Arina Ten Cate-Hoek
- From the Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (B.K., H.t.C., H.S., A.t.C.-H.).,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands (H.t.C., A.t.C.-H.)
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9
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Fatemi S, Acosta S, Gottsäter A, Melander O, Engström G, Dakhel A, Zarrouk M. Copeptin, B-type natriuretic peptide and cystatin C are associated with incident symptomatic PAD. Biomarkers 2019; 24:615-621. [PMID: 31215249 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1631886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate plasma biomarkers as predictors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Materials and methods: Prospective longitudinal cohort study of middle-aged individuals from the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (MDCS) (n = 5550; 1991-94). Cystatin C, copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (N-BNP), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and conventional risk factors were measured at baseline. The diagnosis of symptomatic PAD was validated in 97% of the cases. Results: Cumulative incidence of PAD during median follow up of 23.4 years was 4.4% (men 5.9%, women 3.3%). Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and total cholesterol, copeptin (hazard ratio [HR] 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.80), N-BNP (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.11-1.48), and cystatin C (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10-1.29) were independently associated with incident PAD. Subjects with the three biomarkers copeptin, N-BNP, and cystatin C in the highest quartiles, ran a high risk of incident PAD (HR 3.29; 95% CI 1.76-6.17) compared to those with no biomarker in the highest quartile. Conclusion: Copeptin, N-BNP, and cystatin C were associated with incident symptomatic PAD, implying that these biomarkers are sensitive indicators of early subclinical PAD. Clinical significance First prospective longitudinal cohort study evaluating Cystatin C, copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (N-BNP), midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) as predictors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Copeptin, N-BNP, and Cystatin C where independently associated with incident symptomatic PAD after adjustment for conventional risk factors. Copeptin, N-BNP, and Cystatin C seem to be sensitive indicators of early subclinical PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Fatemi
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden.,b Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Vascular Centre , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Stefan Acosta
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden.,c Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Vascular Centre , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Anders Gottsäter
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden.,c Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Vascular Centre , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden.,b Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Vascular Centre , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Ardwan Dakhel
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden.,c Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Vascular Centre , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Moncef Zarrouk
- a Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden.,c Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Vascular Centre , Malmö , Sweden
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10
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Clemens RK, Annema W, Baumann F, Roth-Zetzsche S, Seifert B, von Eckardstein A, Amann-Vesti BR. Cardiac biomarkers but not measures of vascular atherosclerosis predict mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:215-220. [PMID: 30981846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral artery disease (PAD) becomes more prevalent with advancing age and is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular events and shortened life expectancy. We investigated the prognostic performance of cardiac and vascular biomarkers in a cohort of PAD patients. METHODS A total of 95 PAD patients were enrolled (mean age 68 years, range 47 to 86 years, 73 males). Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), ankle brachial index (ABI), high sensitive cardiac troponin T, and N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 9.5 years, 44 patients died and 51 patients survived. Upon Kaplan-Meier survival analysis hs-TnT (P < .001) or NT-proBNP levels (P < .001) above the median but not cIMT above the median (P = .488) or ABI below the median (P < .436)were associated with reduced survival rate. Upon univariate cox regression and after adjustment for age, gender, prior cerebral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus only the association between hs-cTnT and mortality remained significant (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.33-2.79, P < .001). In receiver operating curve analysis hs-cTnT (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.87, P < .001) NT-proBNP (AUC: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64-0.84, P < .001) as well as hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP combined (AUC: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88, P < .001) were superior to cIMT (AUC: 0.64, 95%, CI: 0.53-0.76, P = .022) and ABI (AUC: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.68, P = .313) in discriminating risk for mortality. CONCLUSION hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP should be taken into account for prognosis of patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Clemens
- Clinic for Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wijtske Annema
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Baumann
- Clinic for Angiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Szczeklik W, Krzanowski M, Maga P, Partyka Ł, Kościelniak J, Kaczmarczyk P, Maga M, Pieczka P, Suska A, Wachsmann A, Górka J, Biccard B, Devereaux PJ. Myocardial injury after endovascular revascularization in critical limb ischemia predicts 1-year mortality: a prospective observational cohort study. Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 107:319-328. [PMID: 29177795 PMCID: PMC5869892 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-017-1185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. To determine (1) incidence of myocardial injury following endovascular revascularization, and (2) relationship between myocardial injury with 1-year mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; i.e., composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death). METHODS AND RESULTS Single-center, prospective cohort study of CLI patients ≥ 45 years of age, who underwent endovascular revascularization with overnight hospitalization. High-sensitive troponins T (hsTnTs) were measured on admission, 3-6 h after endovascular revascularization and the subsequent morning. Myocardial injury after endovascular revascularization was defined as an hsTnT ≥ 14 ng/L with a relative increase ≥ 30% from the baseline value. We also evaluated other myocardial injury hsTnT thresholds (i.e., ≥ 30, ≥ 40, ≥ 60, and ≥ 80 ng/L). 239 consecutive patients (56% male, mean age 71.5 ± 10.1 years) were included; one patient was lost to follow-up. At 1 year, there were 34 deaths (14.2%), and 48 MACE (20.5%). Myocardial injury with the hsTnT threshold of 14 ng/L and relative increase by ≥ 30% from the baseline level occurred in 61 patients (25.5%). Myocardial injury was independently associated with 1-year mortality ([aHR], 2.44; 95% CI 1.18-5.06, for hsTnT ≥ 14 ng/L to aHR, 3.34; 95% CI 1.29-8.65 for hsTnT ≥ 80 ng/L). Myocardial injury was also independently associated with 1-year MACE ([AOR] 2.89; 95% CI 1.41-5.92 for hsTnT ≥ 14 ng/L to AOR, 6.69; 95% CI 2.17-20.68 for hsTnT ≥ 80 ng/L). 85.2% patients who had myocardial injury did not have ischemic clinical symptoms or electrocardiography changes. In sensitive analysis with exclusion of symptomatic patients that developed myocardial injury for the hsTnT ≥ 14 ng/L threshold, both the 1-year mortality (aHR: 2.19; CI 1.02-4.68; p = 0.04), and 1-year MACE (OR 2.25; CI 1.06-4.77; p = 0.036) remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial injury is common following endovascular revascularization for CLI and associated with the risk of 1-year mortality and MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szczeklik
- Department of Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marek Krzanowski
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Maga
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Partyka
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kościelniak
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Maga
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pieczka
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Suska
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wachsmann
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Górka
- Department of Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skawińska 8, 31-066, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bruce Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P J Devereaux
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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The fate of patients with intermittent claudication in the 21st century revisited - results from the CAVASIC Study. Sci Rep 2017; 8:45833. [PMID: 28367968 PMCID: PMC5377933 DOI: 10.1038/srep45833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with intermittent claudication carry a high risk for cardiovascular complications. The TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) Group estimated a five-year overall mortality of 30% for these patients, the majority dying from cardiovascular causes. We investigated whether this evaluation is still applicable in nowadays patients. We therefore prospectively followed 255 male patients with intermittent claudication from the CAVASIC Study during 7 years for overall mortality, vascular morbidity and mortality and local PAD outcomes. Overall mortality reached 16.1% (n = 41). Most patients died from cancer (n = 20). Half of patients (n = 22; 8.6%) died within the first five years. Incident cardiovascular events were observed among 70 patients (27.5%), 54 (21.2%) during the first five years. Vascular mortality was low with 5.1% (n = 13) for the entire and 3.1% for the first five years of follow-up. Prevalent coronary artery disease did not increase the risk to die from all or vascular causes. PAD symptoms remained stable or improved in the majority of patients (67%). In summary, compared to TASC, the proportion of cardiovascular events did not markedly decrease over the last two decades. Vascular mortality, however, was low among our population. This indicates that nowadays patients more often survive cardiovascular events and a major number dies from cancer.
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Hoff J, Wehner W, Nambi V. Troponin in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Updates and Future Direction. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2016; 18:12. [PMID: 26879078 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-016-0566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin has been well described as the preferred biomarker for diagnosis of myocardial infarction due to the high sensitivity and specificity for myocardial injury. Numerous other conditions apart from acute coronary syndrome can also lead to small elevations in troponin levels. However, the use of cTn as prognostic biomarker for the primary assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic patient has only recently been described. And with the development of newer generations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays that can detect 10-fold lower concentrations of troponin, the potential value cTn in the prevention and management of asymptomatic cardiovascular disease has come to the fore. This review provides an overview of the transition of cardiac troponin as a marker of acute myocardial injury to one that detects sub-clinical injury. Evidence continues to show that high-sensitivity troponin is emerging as one of the most powerful prognostic biomarkers for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hoff
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Wehner
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Aboyans V, Brodmann M, De Carlo M, Clement D, Mazzolai L, van Bortel L, van Sambeek MRH, Vlachopoulos C. The year in cardiology 2014: peripheral circulation. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:591-7. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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