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Ling P, Zheng X, Luo S, Ge J, Xu S, Weng J. Targeting angiopoietin-like 3 in atherosclerosis: From bench to bedside. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2020-2034. [PMID: 34047441 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the largest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lipid-lowering therapies are the current major cornerstone of ASCVD management. Statins, ezetimibe, fibrates and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors effectively reduce the plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level in most individuals at risk of atherosclerosis. Still, some patients (such as those with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia), who do not respond to standard therapies, and other patients who cannot take these agents, remain at a high risk of ASCVD. In recent years there has been tremendous progress in understanding the mechanism and efficacy of lipid-lowering strategies. Apart from the recently approved PCSK9 and ATP citrate lyase inhibitors, angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) is another potential target for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and its clinical sequalae of atherosclerosis. ANGPTL3 is a pivotal modulator of plasma triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, achieved by inhibiting the activities of lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase. Familial combined hypolipidaemia is derived from the Angptl3 loss-of-function mutations, which leads to low levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and TG, and has a 34% decreased risk of ASCVD compared with non-carriers. To date, monoclonal antibodies (evinacumab) and antisense oligonucleotides against ANGPTL3 have been investigated in clinical trials for dyslipidaemia therapy. Herein, we review the biology and function of ANGPTL3, as well as the latest developments of ANGPTL3-targeted therapies. We also summarize evidence from basic research to clinical trials, with the aim of providing novel insights into the biological functions of ANGPTL3 and related targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Biterova E, Esmaeeli M, Alanen HI, Saaranen M, Ruddock LW. Structures of Angptl3 and Angptl4, modulators of triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6752. [PMID: 29713054 PMCID: PMC5928061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death globally and is linked to a number of risk factors including serum low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a). Recently two proteins, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4, have emerged from genetic studies as being factors that significantly modulate plasma triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease. The exact function and mechanism of action of both proteins remains to be elucidated, however, mutations in these proteins results in up to 34% reduction in coronary artery disease and inhibition of function results in reduced plasma triglyceride levels. Here we report the crystal structures of the fibrinogen-like domains of both proteins. These structures offer new insights into the reported loss of function mutations, the mechanisms of action of the proteins and open up the possibility for the rational design of low molecular weight inhibitors for intervention in coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Biterova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Mariam Esmaeeli
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90220, Finland
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heli I Alanen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Mirva Saaranen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Lloyd W Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90220, Finland.
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Marmontel O, Charrière S, Simonet T, Bonnet V, Dumont S, Mahl M, Jacobs C, Nony S, Chabane K, Bozon D, Janin A, Peretti N, Lachaux A, Bardel C, Millat G, Moulin P, Marçais C, Di Filippo M. Single, short in-del, and copy number variations detection in monogenic dyslipidemia using a next-generation sequencing strategy. Clin Genet 2018; 94:132-140. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Marmontel
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire Grand Est, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon; Villeurbanne France
| | - S. Charrière
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon; Villeurbanne France
- Fédération d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques, diabète et nutrition, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - T. Simonet
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Lyon France
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558; Villeurbanne France
| | - V. Bonnet
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire Grand Est, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - S. Dumont
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire Grand Est, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - M. Mahl
- Centre de Biologie Sud, Laboratoire de Biochimie moléculaire et métabolique, GHS; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Pierre-Benite France
| | - C. Jacobs
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire Grand Est, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - S. Nony
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire Grand Est, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - K. Chabane
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Biologie Moléculaire; Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Pierre-Benite France
| | - D. Bozon
- Plateforme NGS CHU Lyon, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - A. Janin
- Plateforme NGS CHU Lyon, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - N. Peretti
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon; Villeurbanne France
- Service de Gastroentérologie Hépatologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - A. Lachaux
- Service de Gastroentérologie Hépatologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
- INSERM U 1111, Faculté de médecine Lyon Est; Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | - C. Bardel
- Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Lyon France
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558; Villeurbanne France
| | - G. Millat
- Plateforme NGS CHU Lyon, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - P. Moulin
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon; Villeurbanne France
- Fédération d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques, diabète et nutrition, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
| | - C. Marçais
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon; Villeurbanne France
- Centre de Biologie Sud, Laboratoire de Biochimie moléculaire et métabolique, GHS; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Pierre-Benite France
- CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes; Oullins France
| | - M. Di Filippo
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire Grand Est, GHE; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Bron France
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRA U1397; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon; Villeurbanne France
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Noto D, Arca M, Tarugi P, Cefalù AB, Barbagallo CM, Averna MR. Association between familial hypobetalipoproteinemia and the risk of diabetes. Is this the other side of the cholesterol-diabetes connection? A systematic review of literature. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:111-122. [PMID: 27804036 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Statin therapy is beneficial in reducing LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and cardiovascular events, but it is associated with the risk of incident diabetes mellitus (DM). Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by genetically determined high levels of plasma LDL-C and a low prevalence of DM. LDL-C levels seem then inversely correlated with prevalence of DM. Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) represents the genetic mirror of FH in terms of LDL-C levels, very low in subjects carrying mutations of APOB, PCSK9 (FHBL1) or ANGPTL3 (FHBL2). This review explores the hypothesis that FHBL might represent also the genetic mirror of FH in terms of prevalence of DM and that it is expected to be increased in FHBL in comparison with the general population. A systematic review of published literature on FHBL was made by searching PubMed (1980-2016) for articles presenting clinical data on FHBL probands and relatives. The standardized prevalence rates of DM in FHBL1 were similar to those of the reference population, with a prevalence rate of 8.2 and 9.2%, respectively, while FHBL2 showed a 4.9% prevalence of DM. In conclusion, low LDL-C levels of FHBL do not seem connected to DM as it happens in subjects undergoing statin therapy and the diabetogenic effect of statins has to be explained by mechanisms that do not rely exclusively on the reduced levels of LDL-C. The review also summarizes the published data on the effects of FHBL on insulin sensitivity and the relationships between FH, statin therapy, FHBL1 and intracellular cholesterol metabolism, evaluating possible diabetogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Noto
- Department of Biomedicine, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Via del Vespro 141, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Unit of Atherosclerosis and Lipid Disorders, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Tarugi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena-Reggio, Modena, Italy
| | - Angelo B Cefalù
- Department of Biomedicine, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo M Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio R Averna
- Department of Biomedicine, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Via del Vespro 141, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Rimbert A, Pichelin M, Lecointe S, Marrec M, Le Scouarnec S, Barrak E, Croyal M, Krempf M, Le Marec H, Redon R, Schott JJ, Magré J, Cariou B. Identification of novel APOB mutations by targeted next-generation sequencing for the molecular diagnosis of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:52-6. [PMID: 27179706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is a co-dominant disorder characterized by decreased plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Currently, genetic diagnosis in FHBL relies largely on Sanger sequencing to identify APOB and PCSK9 gene mutations and on western blotting to detect truncated ApoB species. METHODS Here, we applied targeted enrichment and next-generation sequencing (NGS) on a panel of three FHBL genes and two abetalipoproteinemia genes (APOB, PCSK9, ANGPTL3, MTTP and SAR1B). RESULTS In this study, we identified five likely pathogenic heterozygous rare variants. These include four novel nonsense mutations in APOB (p.Gln845*, p.Gln2571*, p.Cys2933* and p.Ser3718*) and a rare variant in PCSK9 (Minor Allele Frequency <0.1%). The affected family members tested were shown to be carriers, suggesting co-segregation with low LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our study further demonstrates that NGS is a reliable and practical approach for the molecular screening of FHBL-causative genes that may provide a mean for deciphering the genetic basis in FHBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Rimbert
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Matthieu Pichelin
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CIC Thorax, CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Simon Lecointe
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Marie Marrec
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CIC Thorax, CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Solena Le Scouarnec
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Elias Barrak
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de l'Ouest (CRNHO, INRA UMR1280), Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de l'Ouest (CRNHO, INRA UMR1280), Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Richard Redon
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CIC Thorax, CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.
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