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Zhao Y, Tang H, Xu J, Sun F, Zhao Y, Li Y. HNF4A-Bridging the Gap Between Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Cancer. Evol Bioinform Online 2024; 20:11769343241249017. [PMID: 38680615 PMCID: PMC11047246 DOI: 10.1177/11769343241249017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal metaplasia (IM) of gastric epithelium has traditionally been regarded as an irreversible stage in the process of the Correa cascade. Exploring the potential molecular mechanism of IM is significant for effective gastric cancer prevention. Methods The GSE78523 dataset, obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, was analyzed using RStudio software to identify the differently expressed genes (DEGs) between IM tissues and normal gastric epithelial tissues. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GESA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were used to find potential genes. Additionally, the screened genes were analyzed for clinical, immunological, and genetic correlation aspects using single gene clinical correlation analysis (UALCAN), Tumor-Immune System Interactions Database (TISIDB), and validated through western blot experiments. Results Enrichment analysis showed that the lipid metabolic pathway was significantly associated with IM tissues and the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene was identified in the subsequent analysis. Experiment results and correlation analysis showed that the expression of APOB was higher in IM tissues than in normal tissues. This elevated expression of APOB was also found to be associated with the expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) gene. HNF4A was also found to be associated with immune cell infiltration to gastric cancer and was linked to the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, HNF4A was also highly expressed in both IM tissues and gastric cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings indicate that HNF4A regulates the microenvironment of lipid metabolism in IM tissues by targeting APOB. Higher expression of HNF4A tends to lead to a worse prognosis in gastric cancer patients implying it may serve as a predictive indicator for the progression from IM to gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Schlegel A. Diagnostic challenge of an APOB variant of uncertain significance resolved by transheterozygosity with a pathological LDLR variant and clinical response to therapy. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117460. [PMID: 38290940 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Schlegel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Arshad M, Iqbal R, Raza M, Bashir R, Ahmed T, Parveen A. Association of APO B gene polymorphisms with the development of myocardial infarction in Pakistani population. Gene 2024; 896:148052. [PMID: 38042210 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is when a blood clot in the coronary artery obstructs blood flow to a specific part of the heart, leading to the death of myocardium in that area. The development of MI is influenced by various environmental factors, genetic components, and their interactions, even though the exact cause has not been fully established. This is the first case-control study examining the possible association between the human Apo B gene and MI in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The study included 100 patients and 50 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples using manual extraction methods. Subsequently, primers were optimized, and genotyping was performed using PCR, followed by DNA sequencing and RFLP analysis. The research focused on two specific APO B gene SNPs, codon 4154 G/A (rs1801701) and codon 2488 G/A (rs1042031). Both SNPs involved the substitution of guanine with adenine. It was found that individuals carrying the minor allele A of SNP rs1801701 (p < 0.001) and the minor allele A of rs1042031 (p < 0.001) had a significantly higher risk of developing MI. Additionally, haplotype analysis revealed that the AA haplotype (comprising both rs1801701 and rs1042031 SNPs) was associated with a substantially increased risk of MI (OR = 3.845). In conclusion, the study provides evidence supporting the association between specific mutations in the APOB gene and the risk of myocardial infarction in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muzammal Raza
- Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Razia Bashir
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Tanveer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Asia Parveen
- Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Pakistan.
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Tada H, Kojima N, Nomura A, Takamura M. A Family with Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia Caused by a c.1468C>T in APOB. Intern Med 2024:3033-23. [PMID: 38369355 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3033-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We herein report the first family of Japanese individuals with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia caused by the c.1468C>T mutation in apolipoprotein B (APOB). A 13-year-old boy with extremely low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (24 mg/dL) was referred to our hospital. The patient had no secondary causes of hypobetalipoproteinemia. His father and grandmother also exhibited low LDL cholesterol levels. A genetic analysis confirmed that they all had this variant in APOB (c.1468C>T). None of the patients exhibited atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases or any other complications associated with low LDL cholesterol levels, including fatty liver, neurocognitive disorders, and cerebral hemorrhaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuko Kojima
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Lin Z, Ji X, Tian N, Gan Y, Ke L. APOB is a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:28. [PMID: 38310202 PMCID: PMC10838261 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is significantly associated with adverse prognostic outcomes. The development and progression of different types of human tumors are significantly influenced by APOB. Nevertheless, the significance and pathomechanisms of APOB in HCC have not been conclusively determined. We assessed APOB expression levels in HCC using three publicly available databases of TIMER2.0, UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas. To identify the biological function of APOB, we conducted enrichment analysis via LinkedOmics. Moreover, UALCAN was employed to assess the relationship between APOB expression and clinicopathological features among HCC patients. Additionally, the Kaplan-Meier plotter was utilized to investigate the prognostic relevance of APOB in HCC. To explore potential regulatory ncRNAs that could bind to APOB, we utilized StarBase and GEPIA. Furthermore, the correlation between APOB expression and immune cell infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint genes, was investigated using Spearman's correlation analysis in TISIDB, GEPIA, and TIMER2.0. The findings of our investigation showed a notable decrease in the expression levels of APOB among individuals diagnosed with HCC. Moreover, a noteworthy correlation was observed between the expression of APOB and immune checkpoint genes, alongside the occurrence of immune cell infiltration. The levels of APOB expression in HCC tissues also showed correlations with various clinicopathological features. According to Cox regression analysis, decreased APOB expression emerged as a potential autonomous predictor for OS, RFS, DSS, and PFS among HCC patients. Furthermore, we identified six potential pathways associated with non-coding RNA (ncRNA) as the most promising pathway for APOB in HCC. Our results illuminate the possible involvement of APOB in HCC and offer understanding into its governing mechanisms and medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Medical Record; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Tian
- Department of Medical Record, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Medical Record, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ke
- Department of Medical Record; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bai X, Zhang W, Yu T. Integrative bioinformatics analysis identifies APOB as a critical biomarker in coronary in-stent restenosis. Biomark Med 2023; 17:983-998. [PMID: 38223945 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor to the worldwide prevalence of cardiovascular disease. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a common complication which can lead to stent implantation failure, necessitating repeated intervention and presenting a significant obstacle for CAD management. Methods: To accurately assess and determine the hub genes associated with ISR, CAD databases from the Gene Expression Omnibus were utilized and weighted gene coexpression network analysis was employed to identify key genes in blood samples. Results: APOB was identified as a risk gene for ISR occurrence. Subsequent correlation analysis of APOB demonstrated a positive association with ISR. Clinical validation further confirmed the predictive value of APOB in ISR detection. Conclusion: We have identified APOB as a critical predictive biomarker for ISR in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, 311100, PR China
| | - Weizong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, 311100, PR China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, 311100, PR China
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Larrea-Sebal A, Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-Garcia U, Jose-Urteaga AS, Uribe KB, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Predictive Modeling and Structure Analysis of Genetic Variants in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Implications for Diagnosis and Protein Interaction Studies. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:839-859. [PMID: 37847331 PMCID: PMC10618353 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a hereditary condition characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease if left untreated. This review aims to discuss the role of bioinformatics tools in evaluating the pathogenicity of missense variants associated with FH. Specifically, it highlights the use of predictive models based on protein sequence, structure, evolutionary conservation, and other relevant features in identifying genetic variants within LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes that contribute to FH. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, various bioinformatics tools have emerged as valuable resources for analyzing missense variants in FH-related genes. Tools such as REVEL, Varity, and CADD use diverse computational approaches to predict the impact of genetic variants on protein function. These tools consider factors such as sequence conservation, structural alterations, and receptor binding to aid in interpreting the pathogenicity of identified missense variants. While these predictive models offer valuable insights, the accuracy of predictions can vary, especially for proteins with unique characteristics that might not be well represented in the databases used for training. This review emphasizes the significance of utilizing bioinformatics tools for assessing the pathogenicity of FH-associated missense variants. Despite their contributions, a definitive diagnosis of a genetic variant necessitates functional validation through in vitro characterization or cascade screening. This step ensures the precise identification of FH-related variants, leading to more accurate diagnoses. Integrating genetic data with reliable bioinformatics predictions and functional validation can enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of FH, enabling improved diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized treatment for affected individuals. The comprehensive approach outlined in this review promises to advance the management of this inherited disorder, potentially leading to better health outcomes for those affected by FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Unai Galicia-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ane San Jose-Urteaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kepa B Uribe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Lv X, Wang C, Liu L, Yin G, Zhang W, Abdu FA, Shi T, Zhang Q, Che W. Screening and verifying the mutations in the LDLR and APOB genes in a Chinese family with familial hypercholesterolemia. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:175. [PMID: 37853441 PMCID: PMC10585857 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. The primary objective of this study was to identify the major pathogenic mutations in a Chinese family with FH. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify variants of FH-related genes, including low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). Bioinformatics software was used to predict signal peptides, transmembrane structures, and spatial construction information of the mutated sequences. Western blotting was performed on the mutant protein to determine the presence of the major structural domains of the LDLR. The PCSK9 and APOB genes were screened and analyzed. Moreover, the proband and his brother were treated with a PCSK9 inhibitor for 1 year, and the effect of the treatment on lipid levels was assessed. RESULTS WGS revealed two potentially pathogenic mutations in the LDLR gene. One was a novel mutation, c.497delinsGGATCCCCCAGCTGCATCCCCCAG (p. Ala166fs), and the other was a known pathogenic mutation, c.2054C>T (p. Pro685Leu). Bioinformatics prediction and in vitro experiments revealed that the novel mutation could not be expressed on the cell membrane. Numerous gene variants were identified in the APOB gene that may have a significant impact on the family members with FH. Thus, it is suggested that the severe manifestation of FH in the proband primarily resulted from the cumulative genetic effects of variants in both LDLR and APOB. However, a subsequent study indicated that treatment with a PCSK9 inhibitor (Evolocumab) did not significantly reduce the blood lipid levels in the proband or his brother. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative effect of LDLR and APOB variants was the primary cause of elevated blood lipid levels in this family. However, PCSK9 inhibitor therapy did not appear to be beneficial for the proband. This study emphasizes the importance of genetic testing in determining the most suitable treatment options for patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Fuad A Abdu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wenliang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Chongming Branch, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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McHenry S, Awad A, Kozlitina J, Stitziel NO, Davidson NO. Low LDL Cholesterol Is Not an Independent Risk Factor for Hepatic Steatosis. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3451-3457. [PMID: 37291473 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic mutations causing defective VLDL secretion and low LDL cholesterol are associated with hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIMS Determine if low LDL cholesterol (< 5th percentile) was an independent predictor of hepatic steatosis. METHODS Secondary data analysis of the Dallas Heart study (an urban, multiethnic, probability-based sample), we defined hepatic steatosis utilizing intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) analyzed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction and available demographic, serological and genetic information. We exclude patients on lipid lowering medications. RESULTS Of the 2094 subjects that met our exclusion criteria, 86 had a low LDL cholesterol, of whom 19 (22%) exhibited hepatic steatosis. After matching for age, sex, BMI, and alcohol consumption, low LDL cholesterol was not a risk factor for hepatic steatosis compared to those with normal (50-180 mg/dL) or high (> 180 mg/dL) LDL. When analyzed as a continuous variable, we observed lower IHTG in the low LDL group compared to the normal or high LDL groups (2.2%, 3.5%, 4.6%; all pairwise comparisons p < 0.001). Subjects with both hepatic steatosis and low LDL cholesterol exhibited a more favorable lipid profile but similar insulin resistance and hepatic fibrosis risk compared to other subjects with hepatic steatosis. The distribution of variant alleles associated with NAFLD, including PNPLA3, GCKR, and MTTP was indistinguishable between subjects with hepatic steatosis and low versus high LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that low serum LDL levels are not a useful predictor of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD. Moreover, subjects with low LDL exhibit a more favorable lipid profile and lower IHTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott McHenry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 53110, USA.
| | - Ameen Awad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 53110, USA
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 53110, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 53110, USA
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Zafar M, Malik IR, Mirza MR, Awan FR, Nawrocki A, Hussain M, Khan HN, Abbas S, Choudhary MI, Larsen MR. Mass-spectrometric analysis of APOB polymorphism rs1042031 (G/T) and its influence on serum proteome of coronary artery disease patients: genetic-derived proteomics consequences. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04797-x. [PMID: 37410210 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) may result into serum proteomic perturbance in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The current case-control cohort of Pakistani subjects was designed to analyze the genetic influence of APOB rs1042031, (G/T) genotype on serum proteome. Subjects were categorized into two groups: CAD patients (n = 480) and healthy individuals (n = 220). For genotyping, tetra ARMS-PCR was carried out and validated through sequencing, whereas LC/MS-based proteomic analysis of serum samples was performed through label-free quantification. In initial step of genotyping, the frequencies of each genotype GG, GT, and TT were 70%, 27%, and 30% in CAD patients, while in control group, the subjects were 52%, 43%, and 5%, respectively, in CAD patients. The genotypic frequencies in patients vs. control groups found significantly different (p = 0.004), and a strong association of dominant alleles GG with the CAD was observed in both dominant (OR: 2.4 (1.71-3.34), p = 0.001) and allelic genetic models (OR: 2.0 (1.45-2.86), p = 0.001). In second step of label-free quantitation, a total of 40 significant proteins were found with altered expression in CAD patients. The enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms of molecular functions and pathways of these protein showed upregulated pathways as follows: chylomicron remodeling and assembly, complement cascade activation, plasma lipoprotein assembly, apolipoprotein-A receptor binding, and metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins in G allele carrier of rs1042031 (G > T) vs. mutant T-allele carriers. This study provides better understanding of CAD pathobiology by proteogenomics of APOB. It evidences the influence of APOB rs1042031-dominant (GG) genotype with CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeza Zafar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), NIBGE-College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Misbah Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Molk N, Bitenc M, Urlep D, Zerjav Tansek M, Bertok S, Trebusak Podkrajsek K, Sustar U, Kovac J, Battelino T, Debeljak M, Groselj U. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a pediatric patient with heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia due to a novel APOB variant: a case report and systematic literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1106441. [PMID: 37384046 PMCID: PMC10293746 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is an autosomal semi-dominant disorder usually caused by variants in the APOB gene that frequently interferes with protein length. Clinical manifestations include malabsorption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, low levels of lipid-soluble vitamins, and neurological, endocrine, and hematological dysfunction. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood samples of the pediatric patient with hypocholesterolemia and his parents and brother. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed, and an expanded dyslipidemia panel was employed for genetic analysis. In addition, a systematic review of the literature on FHBL heterozygous patients was performed. Case report Genetic investigation revealed the presence of a heterozygous variant in the APOB (NM_000384.3) gene c.6624dup[=], which changes the open reading frame and leads to early termination of translation into the p.Leu2209IlefsTer5 protein (NP_000375.3). The identified variant was not previously reported. Familial segregation analysis confirmed the variant in the mother of the subject, who also has a low level of low-density lipoprotein and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We have introduced therapy that includes limiting fats in the diet and adding lipid-soluble vitamins E, A, K, and D and calcium carbonate. We reported 35 individuals with APOB gene variations linked to FHBL in the systematic review. Conclusion We have identified a novel pathogenic variant in the APOB gene causing FHBL in pediatric patients with hypocholesterolemia and fatty liver disease. This case illustrates the importance of genetic testing for dyslipidemias in patients with significant decreases in plasma cholesterol as we can avoid damaging neurological and ophthalmological effects by sufficient vitamin supplementation and regular follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neza Molk
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center-University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Bitenc
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center-University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Urlep
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Zerjav Tansek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center-University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Bertok
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center-University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebusak Podkrajsek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ursa Sustar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center-University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center-University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marusa Debeljak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urh Groselj
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Medical Center-University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Despite its important risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is still largely underdiagnosed worldwide. It is one of the most frequently inherited diseases due to mutations, for autosomal dominant forms, in either of the LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes or possibly a few mutations in the APOE gene and, for the rare autosomal forms, in the LDLRAP1 gene. The discovery of the genes implicated in the disease has largely helped to improve the diagnosis and treatment of FH from the LDLR by Brown and Goldstein, as well as the introduction of statins, to PCSK9 discovery in FH by Abifadel et al., and the very rapid availability of PCSK9 inhibitors. In the last two decades, major progress has been made in clinical and genetic diagnostic tools and the therapeutic arsenal against FH. Improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and making them more accessible to all patients will help reduce the lifelong burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Abifadel
- UMR1148, Inserm, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Therapeutics (LBTM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Pôle Technologie-Santé, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Catherine Boileau
- UMR1148, Inserm, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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13
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Jang SJ, Tuan WL, Hsu LA, Er LK, Teng MS, Wu S, Ko YL. Pleiotropic Effects of APOB Variants on Lipid Profiles, Metabolic Syndrome, and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) plays a crucial role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The effects of APOB locus variants on lipid profiles, metabolic syndrome, and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Asian populations are unclear. We included 1478 Taiwan Biobank participants with whole-genome sequence (WGS) data and 115,088 TWB participants with Axiom genome-wide CHB array data and subjected them to genotype-phenotype analyses using APOB locus variants. Five APOB nonsynonymous mutations, including Asian-specific rs144467873 and rs13306194 variants, were selected from participants with the WGS data. Using a combination of regional association studies, a linkage disequilibrium map, and multivariate analysis, we revealed that the APOB locus variants rs144467873, rs13306194, and rs1367117 were independently associated with total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels; rs1318006 was associated with HDL cholesterol levels; rs13306194 and rs35131127 were associated with serum triglyceride levels; rs144467873, rs13306194, rs56213756, and rs679899 were associated with remnant cholesterol levels; and rs144467873 and rs4665709 were associated with metabolic syndrome. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses conducted using weighted genetic risk scores from three or two LDL-cholesterol-level-associated APOB variants revealed significant association with prevalent DM (p = 0.0029 and 8.2 × 10-5, respectively), which became insignificant after adjustment for LDL-C levels. In conclusion, these results indicate that common and rare APOB variants are independently associated with various lipid levels and metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese individuals. MR analyses supported APOB variants associated with the risk of DM through their associations with LDL cholesterol levels.
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14
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Sandholm N, Hotakainen R, Haukka JK, Jansson Sigfrids F, Dahlström EH, Antikainen AA, Valo E, Syreeni A, Kilpeläinen E, Kytölä A, Palotie A, Harjutsalo V, Forsblom C, Groop PH. Whole-exome sequencing identifies novel protein-altering variants associated with serum apolipoprotein and lipid concentrations. Genome Med 2022; 14:132. [PMID: 36419110 PMCID: PMC9685920 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and diabetes impacts the lipid metabolism through multiple pathways. In addition to the standard lipid measurements, apolipoprotein concentrations provide added awareness of the burden of circulating lipoproteins. While common genetic variants modestly affect the serum lipid concentrations, rare genetic mutations can cause monogenic forms of hypercholesterolemia and other genetic disorders of lipid metabolism. We aimed to identify low-frequency protein-altering variants (PAVs) affecting lipoprotein and lipid traits. METHODS We analyzed whole-exome (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 481 and 474 individuals with type 1 diabetes, respectively. The phenotypic data consisted of 79 serum lipid and apolipoprotein phenotypes obtained with clinical laboratory measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The single-variant analysis identified an association between the LIPC p.Thr405Met (rs113298164) and serum apolipoprotein A1 concentrations (p=7.8×10-8). The burden of PAVs was significantly associated with lipid phenotypes in LIPC, RBM47, TRMT5, GTF3C5, MARCHF10, and RYR3 (p<2.9×10-6). The RBM47 gene is required for apolipoprotein B post-translational modifications, and in our data, the association between RBM47 and apolipoprotein C-III concentrations was due to a rare 21 base pair p.Ala496-Ala502 deletion; in replication, the burden of rare deleterious variants in RBM47 was associated with lower triglyceride concentrations in WES of >170,000 individuals from multiple ancestries (p=0.0013). Two PAVs in GTF3C5 were highly enriched in the Finnish population and associated with cardiovascular phenotypes in the general population. In the previously known APOB gene, we identified novel associations at two protein-truncating variants resulting in lower serum non-HDL cholesterol (p=4.8×10-4), apolipoprotein B (p=5.6×10-4), and LDL cholesterol (p=9.5×10-4) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We identified lipid and apolipoprotein-associated variants in the previously known LIPC and APOB genes, as well as PAVs in GTF3C5 associated with LDLC, and in RBM47 associated with apolipoprotein C-III concentrations, implicated as an independent CVD risk factor. Identification of rare loss-of-function variants has previously revealed genes that can be targeted to prevent CVD, such as the LDL cholesterol-lowering loss-of-function variants in the PCSK9 gene. Thus, this study suggests novel putative therapeutic targets for the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Sandholm
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronja Hotakainen
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani K. Haukka
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fanny Jansson Sigfrids
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma H. Dahlström
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni A. Antikainen
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkka Valo
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Syreeni
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Kilpeläinen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasia Kytölä
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- grid.428673.c0000 0004 0409 6302Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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Mindikoglu AL, Park J, Opekun AR, Abdulsada MM, Wilhelm ZR, Jalal PK, Devaraj S, Jung SY. Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting induces anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic proteome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Metabol Open 2022; 16:100214. [PMID: 36506940 PMCID: PMC9731888 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome characterized by abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose and triglyceride levels and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is associated with pro-inflammatory state, increased risk for atherosclerosis, and multiple cancers. Our previous results on subjects with metabolic syndrome showed that 4-week dawn-to-dusk (sunset) dry fasting resulted in significant changes in the serum proteome and improvement in several metabolic risk factors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proteomics is a powerful tool that can provide mechanistic insights into how dawn-to-dusk dry fasting affects protein expression in metabolic pathways at cellular level. In this study, we determined whether dawn-to-dusk dry fasting would induce favorable changes in PBMC proteome in subjects with metabolic syndrome, similar to the changes induced by dawn-to-dusk dry fasting in the same subjects' serum proteome. Methods We conducted a prospective study on subjects with metabolic syndrome and collected blood specimens before 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting, at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting, and one week after 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting. We performed untargeted proteomics using nano ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess the impact of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting on PBMC proteome. Results There were 14 subjects with metabolic syndrome with a mean age of 59 who fasted from dawn to dusk (strict dry fasting without any liquid or food intake) for more than 14 h daily for 29 days. The quantitative proteome analysis showed that apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene protein products (GP) levels were downregulated and had the most statistical significance of the observed difference at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting (P = 0.008) and one week after 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting (P = 0.0004) compared with the levels before 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting. The comparison between GP levels before and at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting showed an alteration in the expression of genes associated with lipid and atherosclerosis pathway (P = 6.014e-4) and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway (P = 1.064e-5). The genes that were differentially expressed in the lipid and atherosclerosis pathway were APOB (P = 0.008), CD36 (P = 0.040), CALM1, CALM2, CALM3 (P = 0.015), and HSPA8 (P = 0.047). One of the differentially expressed genes in the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway was lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), which showed an average of 19-fold increase at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting compared with the GP levels before fasting (P = 0.004). Several GPs associated with tumor-suppressor effect (TUBB4B, LSP1, ACTR3B) were upregulated, and GPs associated with tumor-promoter effect (CD36, CALM1, CALM2, CALM3, FLOT2, PPIF) were downregulated at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting or one week after 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting compared with the GP levels before 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting. Conclusion Based on our results, we conclude that in subjects with metabolic syndrome, 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting induced anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic PMBC proteome. Randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effect of dawn-to-dusk dry fasting on subjects with chronic metabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse L. Mindikoglu
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Corresponding author. Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jihwan Park
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antone R. Opekun
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mustafa M. Abdulsada
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zoe R. Wilhelm
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasun K. Jalal
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Yi X, Wu P, Gong Y, Liu J, Xiong J, Che X, Xu X. Candidate genes responsible for lipid droplets formation during adipogenesis simultaneously affect osteoblastogenesis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2022; 60:89-100. [PMID: 35212388 DOI: 10.5603/fhc.a2022.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With cellular lipid storage varying, the balance between lipid intake and lipid degradation was a must to keep healthy and determined the level of lipid droplets. Although lipid droplets accumulation had been well demonstrated in adipocytes, gene expression profiling and gene function during adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis remain unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, this work profiled gene transcriptional landscapes of lipid droplets formation during adipogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using RNA-Seq technique. By using RNA interference (RNAi) we investigated the function of candidate genes during adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis using Oil Red/Alizarin Red/alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) staining and qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR). RESULTS Eleven differentially up-regulated genes associated with lipid droplets formation were identified at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days during adipogenesis. Unexpectedly, APOB per se inhibiting adipogenesis weakened osteoblastogenesis and METTL7A facilitating adipogenesis negligibly inhibited osteoblastogenesis according to the phenotypic characterization of adipocytes and osteoblasts and transcriptional condition of biomarkers through lentivirus transfection assays. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of the gene transcriptional profiling of lipid droplets formation would provide the molecular switches of hMSCs cell fate determination and the study targets for fat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang 332000, China.
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Jianjun Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Xiangxin Che
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang 332000, China
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Shakhtshneider E, Ivanoshchuk D, Timoshchenko O, Orlov P, Semaev S, Valeev E, Goonko A, Ladygina N, Voevoda M. Analysis of Rare Variants in Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Western Siberia (Russia). J Pers Med 2021; 11:1232. [PMID: 34834584 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify genetic variants potentially involved in familial hypercholesterolemia in 43 genes associated with lipid metabolism disorders. Targeted high-throughput sequencing of lipid metabolism genes was performed (80 subjects with a familial-hypercholesterolemia phenotype). For patients without functionally significant substitutions in the above genes, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was conducted to determine bigger mutations (deletions and/or duplications) in the LDLR promoter and exons. A clinically significant variant in some gene associated with familial hypercholesterolemia was identified in 47.5% of the subjects. Clinically significant variants in the LDLR gene were identified in 19 probands (73.1% of all variants identified in probands); in three probands (11.5%), pathogenic variants were found in the APOB gene; and in four probands (15.4%), rare, clinically significant variants were identified in genes LPL, SREBF1, APOC3, and ABCG5. In 12 (85.7%) of 14 children of the probands, clinically significant variants were detectable in genes associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. The use of clinical criteria, targeted sequencing, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification makes it possible to identify carriers of rare clinically significant variants in a wide range of lipid metabolism genes and to investigate their influence on phenotypic manifestations of familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Jakubowski B, Shao Y, McNeal C, Xing C, Ahmad Z. Monogenic and polygenic causes of low and extremely low LDL-C levels in patients referred to specialty lipid clinics: Genetics of low LDL-C. J Clin Lipidol 2021:S1933-2874(21)00117-3. [PMID: 34340953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical setting, current standard-of-care does not include genetic testing for patients with low (<50 mg/dL) and extremely low (<20 mg/dL) levels of serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). OBJECTIVE We aimed identify the underlying molecular cause - both monogenic and polygenic - of low and extremely low LDL-C levels in a cohort of patients presenting to specialty lipid clinics. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was done in patients with low or extremely low LDL-C not due to any secondary causes. RESULTS Nine patients (4 women), ranging in age from 25 to 63 years old, with low or extremely low LDL-C levels were evaluated. Median LDL-C was 16 mg/dL (range undetectable - 43), total cholesterol 82 mg/dL (42 - 101), triglycerides 35 mg/dL (19-239), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol 45 mg/dL (24-81). Of nine patients, two carried known pathogenic variants in APOB (one stop-gain, one deletion; LDL-C range undetectable -10 mg/dL); three patients had novel APOB heterozygous mutations (two frameshift deletions and one splice site; LDL-C range undectable-13 mg/dL); two had heterozygous APOB frameshift deletions previously reported as variants of unknown significance (LDL-C 18 mg/dL in both patients); one (LDL-C 43 mg/dL) had two heterozygous mutations in PCSK9, both previously reported to be benign; and one patient (LDL-C 16 mg/dL) had the APO E2/E2 genotype along with several variants of unknown significance in genes associated with triglycerides. No patients had an LDL-C polygenic risk score below the 5th percentile (range 26th percentile to 93rd percentile). CONCLUSION We found APOB mutations to be the most common molecular defect in patients presenting to lipid clinics with low or extremely low LDL-C . Whether clinical genetic testing and LDL-C polygenic risk scores have any utility - other than diagnostic purposes - for such patients remains unclear. In addition, further efforts may be needed to better reclassify pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance.
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Park S, Kang S. A Western-style diet interacts with genetic variants of the LDL receptor to hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in Korean adults. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2964-74. [PMID: 32698935 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of genetic risk scores (GRS) of LDLR, APOB and proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) SNP and plasma LDL concentrations and to identify lifestyle interactions with the GRS in Korean middle-aged adults. DESIGN Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) was conducted to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013. SETTINGS Hospitals in Korea. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 40-77 years (n 28 445) without serious diseases. RESULTS Subjects with the major alleles (risk allele) of LDLR rs1433099 and rs11557092, APOB rs13306194 and PCSK9 rs11583723 had higher plasma LDL concentration by 1·20-folds than those with the minor alleles. Subjects with High-GRS (major alleles) of the four SNP had higher adjusted OR for plasma total and LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations by 1·24-, 1·203- and 1·167-folds, respectively, but not HDL-cholesterol, than those with Low-GRS. Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, but not balanced Korean-style and rice-based dietary patterns, had interactions with GRS to increase plasma LDL concentrations. Daily energy intake also interacted with GRS. In the high intake of Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than the Low-GRS. With high energy intake, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than those with Low-GRS. CONCLUSIONS Adults with major alleles of four SNP are recommended to have low-energy intakes with a balanced Korean diet need to avoid high-energy intakes especially with Western-style flour-rich diet patterns.
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20
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Meshkov AN, Ershova AI, Kiseleva AV, Shalnova SA, Drapkina OM, Boytsov SA. The Prevalence of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Selected Regions of the Russian Federation: The FH-ESSE-RF Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:464. [PMID: 34074024 PMCID: PMC8225162 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is one of the most common genetic conditions but remains substantially underdiagnosed. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of HeFH in the population of 11 different regions of Russia. Individuals were selected from the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases in Regions of the Russian Federation Study. All participants who had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) higher than 4.9 mmol/L, or LDL-C lower than 4.9 mmol/L, but had statin therapy, were additionally examined by FH experts. FH was diagnosed using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, incorporating genetic testing. HeFH prevalence was assessed for 18,142 participants. The prevalence of patients with definite or probable HeFH combined was 0.58% (1 in 173). A total of 16.1% of patients with definite or probable HeFH had tendon xanthomas; 36.2% had mutations in one of the three genes; 45.6% of FH patients had coronary artery disease; 63% of HeFH patients received statins; one patient received an additional PCSK9 inhibitor; no patients received ezetimibe. Only 3% of patients reached the LDL-C goal based on 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines. Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of FH in Russia underline the need for the intensification of FH detection with early and aggressive cholesterol-lowering treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Meshkov
- Federal State Institution, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Min-istry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.E.); (A.V.K.); (S.A.S.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Alexandra I. Ershova
- Federal State Institution, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Min-istry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.E.); (A.V.K.); (S.A.S.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Anna V. Kiseleva
- Federal State Institution, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Min-istry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.E.); (A.V.K.); (S.A.S.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Svetlana A. Shalnova
- Federal State Institution, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Min-istry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.E.); (A.V.K.); (S.A.S.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Oxana M. Drapkina
- Federal State Institution, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Min-istry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.E.); (A.V.K.); (S.A.S.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Sergey A. Boytsov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
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21
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Takahashi M, Ozaki N, Nagashima S, Wakabayashi T, Iwamoto S, Ishibashi S. Normal plasma apoB48 despite the virtual absence of apoB100 in a compound heterozygote with novel mutations in the MTTP gene. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:569-573. [PMID: 34052173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
"Normotriglyceridemic abetalipoproteinemia (ABL)" was originally described as a clinical entity distinct from either ABL or hypobetalipoproteinemia. Subsequent studies identified mutations in APOB gene which encoded truncated apoB longer than apoB48. Therefore, "Normotriglyceridemic ABL" can be a subtype of homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia 1. Here, we report an atypical female case of ABL who was initially diagnosed with "normotriglyceridemic ABL", because she had normal plasma apoB48 despite the virtual absence of apoB100 and low plasma TG level. Next generation sequencing revealed that she was a compound heterozygote of two novel MTTP mutations: nonsense (p.Q272X) and missense (p.G709R). We speculate that p.G709R might confer residual triglyceride transfer activity of MTTP preferentially in the intestinal epithelium to the hepatocytes, allowing production of apoB48. Together, "normotriglyceridemic ABL" may be a heterogenous disorder which is caused by specific mutations in either APOB or MTTP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Ozaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya 453-8511, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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22
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Coto E, Lorca R, Rodríguez-Reguero J, Martín M, Pascual I, Avanzas P, Cuesta-Llavona E, Vázquez-Coto D, Díaz-Corte C, Tranche S, Alonso B, Iglesias S, Morís C, Gómez J. The APOB polymorphism rs1801701 A/G (p.R3638Q) is an independent risk factor for early-onset coronary artery disease: Data from a Spanish cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1564-1568. [PMID: 33810965 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apoliprotein B (ApoB) has been associated with hypercholesterolemia and ischemic coronary disease. This study was aimed to determine the effect of two APOB gene variants in the risk of developing early-onset coronary artery disease (EO-CAD) in a Spanish population. The association of these polymorphisms with hypercholesterolemia was also analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS The study involved a total of 889 healthy population controls (397 male) and 790 EO-CAD cases (636 male; EO-CAD was defined as male <60 years and women <65 years). All the patients had at least one vessel with angiography documented atherosclerotic lesion. Patients and controls were genotyped for the APOB variants rs1801701 A/G (p.R3638Q) and rs1367117 C/T (p.T98I). Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups (patients vs. controls, hyper-vs. normo-cholesterolemia) by logistic regression. The rs1801701 was significantly associated with EO-CAD in male (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05-1.99) and female (OR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.58-3.14). This SNP was significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia in female, with a trend in male. The association with EO-CAD was independent of hypercholesterolemia (multiple logistic regression). CONCLUSION A common APOB polymorphism (rs1801701) was an independent risk factor for EO-CAD in our population. The risk-effect was more significant in female than in male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Lorca
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julián Rodríguez-Reguero
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isaac Pascual
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Díaz-Corte
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain; Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Belén Alonso
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Iglesias
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Morís
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Kamar A, Khalil A, Nemer G. The Digenic Causality in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Revising the Genotype-Phenotype Correlations of the Disease. Front Genet 2021; 11:572045. [PMID: 33519890 PMCID: PMC7844333 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically inherited defects in lipoprotein metabolism affect more than 10 million individuals around the globe with preponderance in some parts where consanguinity played a major role in establishing founder mutations. Mutations in four genes have been so far linked to the dominant and recessive form of the disease. Those players encode major proteins implicated in cholesterol regulation, namely, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and its associate protein 1 (LDLRAP1), the proprotein convertase substilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and the apolipoprotein B (APOB). Single mutations or compound mutations in one of these genes are enough to account for a spectrum of mild to severe phenotypes. However, recently several reports have identified digenic mutations in familial cases that do not necessarily reflect a much severe phenotype. Yet, data in the literature supporting this notion are still lacking. Herein, we review all the reported cases of digenic mutations focusing on the biological impact of gene dosage and the potential protective effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked to hypolipidemia. We also highlight the difficulty of establishing phenotype-genotype correlations in digenic familial hypercholesterolemia cases due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the phenotypes and the still faulty in silico pathogenicity scoring system. We finally emphasize the importance of having a whole exome/genome sequencing approach for all familial cases of familial hyperlipidemia to better understand the genetic and clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kamar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athar Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Genomics and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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24
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Meshkov A, Ershova A, Kiseleva A, Zotova E, Sotnikova E, Petukhova A, Zharikova A, Malyshev P, Rozhkova T, Blokhina A, Limonova A, Ramensky V, Divashuk M, Khasanova Z, Bukaeva A, Kurilova O, Skirko O, Pokrovskaya M, Mikova V, Snigir E, Akinshina A, Mitrofanov S, Kashtanova D, Makarov V, Kukharchuk V, Boytsov S, Yudin S, Drapkina O. The LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 Variants of Index Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Russia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:66. [PMID: 33418990 PMCID: PMC7825309 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal codominant disorder, characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels causing premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. About 2900 variants of LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes potentially associated with FH have been described earlier. Nevertheless, the genetics of FH in a Russian population is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to present data on the spectrum of LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 gene variants in a cohort of 595 index Russian patients with FH, as well as an additional systematic analysis of the literature for the period of 1995-2020 on LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 gene variants described in Russian patients with FH. We used targeted and whole genome sequencing to search for variants. Accordingly, when combining our novel data and the data of a systematic literature review, we described 224 variants: 187 variants in LDLR, 14 variants in APOB, and 23 variants in PCSK9. A significant proportion of variants, 81 of 224 (36.1%), were not described earlier in FH patients in other populations and may be specific for Russia. Thus, this study significantly supplements knowledge about the spectrum of variants causing FH in Russia and may contribute to a wider implementation of genetic diagnostics in FH patients in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Meshkov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Alexandra Ershova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Anna Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Evgenia Zotova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Evgeniia Sotnikova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Anna Petukhova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Anastasia Zharikova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Malyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Tatyana Rozhkova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Anastasia Blokhina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Alena Limonova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Divashuk
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Zukhra Khasanova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Anna Bukaeva
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Olga Kurilova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Olga Skirko
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Maria Pokrovskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Valeriya Mikova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Ekaterina Snigir
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Alexsandra Akinshina
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sergey Mitrofanov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Daria Kashtanova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Valentin Makarov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Valeriy Kukharchuk
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergey Boytsov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergey Yudin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Oxana Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
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Reeskamp LF, Tromp TR, Defesche JC, Grefhorst A, Stroes ESG, Hovingh GK, Zuurbier L. Next-generation sequencing to confirm clinical familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:875-883. [PMID: 34298557 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterised by high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and is caused by a pathogenic variant in LDLR, APOB or PCSK9. We investigated which proportion of suspected familial hypercholesterolemia patients was genetically confirmed, and whether this has changed over the past 20 years in The Netherlands. METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing of 27 genes involved in lipid metabolism was performed in patients with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels greater than 5 mmol/L who were referred to our centre between May 2016 and July 2018. The proportion of patients carrying likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB or PCSK9, or the minor familial hypercholesterolemia genes LDLRAP1, ABCG5, ABCG8, LIPA and APOE were investigated. This was compared with the yield of Sanger sequencing between 1999 and 2016. RESULTS A total of 227 out of the 1528 referred patients (14.9%) were heterozygous carriers of a pathogenic variant in LDLR (80.2%), APOB (14.5%) or PCSK9 (5.3%). More than 50% of patients with a Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score of 'probable' or 'definite' familial hypercholesterolemia were familial hypercholesterolemia mutation-positive; 4.8% of the familial hypercholesterolemia mutation-negative patients carried a variant in one of the minor familial hypercholesterolemia genes. The mutation detection rate has decreased over the past two decades, especially in younger patients in which it dropped from 45% in 1999 to 30% in 2018. CONCLUSIONS A rare pathogenic variant in LDLR, APOB or PCSK9 was identified in 14.9% of suspected familial hypercholesterolemia patients and this rate has decreased in the past two decades. Stringent use of clinical criteria algorithms is warranted to increase this yield. Variants in the minor familial hypercholesterolemia genes provide a possible explanation for the familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype in a minority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens F Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho R Tromp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep C Defesche
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Zuurbier
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Reeskamp LF, Tromp TR, Defesche JC, Grefhorst A, Stroes ES, Hovingh GK, Zuurbier L. Next-generation sequencing to confirm clinical familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020:2047487320942996. [PMID: 32718233 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320942996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterised by high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and is caused by a pathogenic variant in LDLR, APOB or PCSK9. We investigated which proportion of suspected familial hypercholesterolemia patients was genetically confirmed, and whether this has changed over the past 20 years in The Netherlands. METHODS Targeted next-generation sequencing of 27 genes involved in lipid metabolism was performed in patients with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels greater than 5 mmol/L who were referred to our centre between May 2016 and July 2018. The proportion of patients carrying likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB or PCSK9, or the minor familial hypercholesterolemia genes LDLRAP1, ABCG5, ABCG8, LIPA and APOE were investigated. This was compared with the yield of Sanger sequencing between 1999 and 2016. RESULTS A total of 227 out of the 1528 referred patients (14.9%) were heterozygous carriers of a pathogenic variant in LDLR (80.2%), APOB (14.5%) or PCSK9 (5.3%). More than 50% of patients with a Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score of 'probable' or 'definite' familial hypercholesterolemia were familial hypercholesterolemia mutation-positive; 4.8% of the familial hypercholesterolemia mutation-negative patients carried a variant in one of the minor familial hypercholesterolemia genes. The mutation detection rate has decreased over the past two decades, especially in younger patients in which it dropped from 45% in 1999 to 30% in 2018. CONCLUSIONS A rare pathogenic variant in LDLR, APOB or PCSK9 was identified in 14.9% of suspected familial hypercholesterolemia patients and this rate has decreased in the past two decades. Stringent use of clinical criteria algorithms is warranted to increase this yield. Variants in the minor familial hypercholesterolemia genes provide a possible explanation for the familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype in a minority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens F Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho R Tromp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep C Defesche
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Sg Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Zuurbier
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Han C, He Y, Chen L, Wang J, Jiao S, Xia X, Li G, Yao S. Low Expression of APOB mRNA or Its Hypermethylation Predicts Favorable Overall Survival in Patients with Low-Grade Glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7243-7255. [PMID: 32801753 PMCID: PMC7394594 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was performed to explore the clinical and prognostic significance of APOB mRNA expression, DNA methylation and APOB mutation in patients with low-grade glioma (LGG). Methods Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using genomic, clinical and survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Serum APOB protein levels were measured via immunoturbidimetry in 150 patients with LGG and 100 healthy controls from Hubei General Hospital. Results There was a negative association between the levels of APOB mRNA and DNA methylation (r=−0.355, P<0.0001) in patients with LGG from the TCGA database. Additionally, LGG patients with low levels of APOB mRNA exhibited better overall survival (OS) than those with high levels of APOB mRNA (HR=0.637, P=0.0085). The survival time of LGG patients with APOB hypermethylation was markedly longer than that of patients with APOB hypomethylation (HR=0.423, P=0.0185). The prognostic significance of APOB mRNA and DNA methylation was also validated with the CGGA cohort, and a similar conclusion was reached. APOB gene mutations were observed in 3% of patients with LGG from the TCGA database, and no association was detected between APOB mutations and OS (P=0.164). Furthermore, the levels of APOB protein were much lower in patients with LGG than in normal individuals (P=0.0022), and the expression of APOB protein was markedly different among groups when stratified by histological type (P<0.0001) and histological-molecular classification (P<0.0001). Conclusion APOB mRNA expression is negatively regulated by DNA methylation in patients with LGG. Low expression or hypermethylation of APOB might predict relatively favorable survival in patients with LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Han
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Jiao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Xia
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Yao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
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Hori M, Takahashi A, Son C, Ogura M, Harada-Shiba M. The first Japanese cases of familial hypercholesterolemia due to a known pathogenic APOB gene variant, c.10580 G>A: p.(Arg3527Gln). J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:482-486. [PMID: 32591292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that patients without pathogenic variants in the LDLR and PCSK9 genes comprised approximately 40% of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) cases. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify novel causative variants in Japanese patients with FH. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 216 family members from 123 families without pathogenic variants in the LDLR and PCSK9 genes. Clinical and biochemical data were gathered from the family members. RESULTS The known p.(Arg3527Gln) variant in the APOB gene was identified in one Japanese family. The other pathogenic variants in the APOB gene were not identified. The p.(Arg3527Gln) variant was not identified in the other 113 index cases without pathogenic variants in the LDLR and PCSK9 genes. The allele frequency of the p.(Arg3527Gln) variant was 0.0001 in the general Japanese population. CONCLUSION This is the first report of Japanese cases of FH caused by a known pathogenic APOB variant, p.(Arg3527Gln).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hori
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cheol Son
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Luo K, Ma C, Xing S, An Y, Feng J, Dang H, Huang W, Qiao L, Cheng J, Xie L. White tea and its active polyphenols lower cholesterol through reduction of very-low-density lipoprotein production and induction of LDLR expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110146. [PMID: 32334376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging in vivo and vitro data suggest that white tea extract (WTE) is capable of favourably modulating metabolic syndrome, especially by ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism. Microarray-based gene expression profiling was performed in HepG2 cells to analyze the effects of WTE from a systematic perspective. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that WTE significantly affected pathways related to lipid metabolism. WTE significantly downregulated apolipoprotein B (APOB) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression and thereby reduced the production of very-low-density lipoprotein. In the meanwhile, WTE stimulated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) uptake through targeting low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), as a consequence of the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Furthermore, WTE significantly downregulated triglycerides synthetic genes and reduced intracellular triglycerides accumulation. Besides, we demonstrated that the tea catechins epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) are abundant in WTE and contribute to the regulation of cholesterol metabolism related genes, including LDLR, MTTP and APOB. Our findings suggest white tea plays important roles in ameliorating abnormal lipid metabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengmei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shaofang Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yannan An
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honglei Dang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Li B, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhang M, Liu C, Chen Z. Impact of genetic variants of ABCB1, APOB, CAV1, and NAMPT on susceptibility to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Chinese patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1226. [PMID: 32243098 PMCID: PMC7284033 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the different types of cancer, pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is the most lethal malignancy, with poor early detection rates and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential genetic effects of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCB1 (rs1045642, rs3789243, rs4148737), APOB (rs693, rs1042031), CAV1 (rs12672038, rs1997623, rs3807987, rs7804372), and NAMPT (rs9034, rs2505568, rs61330082) on PDAC. METHODS A total of 273 patients with PDAC and 263 healthy controls were genotyped using PCR and direct Sanger sequencing. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the potential effects of the genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes on the risk of developing PDAC. RESULTS Patients with PDAC possessed a considerably lower frequency of genotypes AG, GG, and allele G at ABCB1 rs4148737 compared with controls. Based on age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, diabetes, and family history of cancer, stratified analyses showed a significant correlation between SNPs at rs4148737 and PDAC. According to specific SNPs, eight haplotypes were constructed along with ABCB1 rs4148737, rs1045642, and rs3789243. Carriers with haplotypes ACC and ATC were more susceptible to developing PDAC, whereas haplotypes GCC and GTC were associated with a reduced likelihood of developing PDAC. The distributions of the other SNPs in each group were not significantly associated with PDAC risk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that genetic polymorphisms of ABCB1 rs4148737 may influence an individual's risk of developing PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ziping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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Setia N, Movva S, Balakrishnan P, Biji IK, Sawhney JPS, Puri R, Arora A, Puri RD, Saxena R, Mishra S, Apte S, Kulshrestha S, Ramprasad VL, Verma IC. Genetic analysis of familial hypercholesterolemia in Asian Indians: A single-center study. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:35-45. [PMID: 32044282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal codominant disorder characterized by very high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is strongly associated with premature coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVES Molecular landscape of FH in Asian Indians is not well studied, although this ethnic group comprises a large proportion of the world population. Knowledge of mutations in these groups is useful for identifying persons affected with FH, saving their lives, and cascade screening in their relatives. METHODS Potential cases of FH (n = 100) were identified by criteria adapted for the Indian population from Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Pathogenic variants were analyzed in LDLR, APOB 100 (exons 26 and 29), PCSK9, and APOE genes using Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique. Cases in whom there were no pathogenic variants were tested by next-generation sequencing using a targeted panel of genes. RESULTS Thirty-eight pathogenic variants were identified in 47 of 100 unrelated probands. Of these variants, 33 were identified in LDLR, 3 in APOB, and 2 in PCSK9 genes. Ten pathogenic variants were novel. Mutations were detected in 91.4% of those subjects classified as definite, 40% as probable, and in 18.8% as possible FH cases based on modified Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. A likely founder mutation in intron 10 (c.1587-1G>A) of LDLR gene was observed in 6 North Indian families. The conventional pathogenic variants in APOB and PCSK9 genes and those previously reported in LDLR gene among Asian Indians were not detected in this cohort. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates genetic heterogeneity of FH in India. The variants observed were different from those described in Western populations. Next-generation sequencing technology helped identify new mutations in APOB gene, suggesting that in less-studied populations, it is better to sequence the whole gene rather than test for specific mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Setia
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sireesha Movva
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Prahlad Balakrishnan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishpreet K Biji
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Raman Puri
- Department of Cardiology, Indrapratha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Arora
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna D Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Samarth Kulshrestha
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ishwar C Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Groselj U, Kovac J, Sustar U, Mlinaric M, Fras Z, Podkrajsek KT, Battelino T. Universal screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in children: The Slovenian model and literature review. Atherosclerosis 2019; 277:383-391. [PMID: 30270075 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is arguably the most common monogenic disorder in humans, but severely under-diagnosed. Individuals with untreated FH have an over 10-fold elevated risk of cardiovascular complications as compared to unaffected individuals; early diagnosis and timely management substantially reduce this risk. Slovenia has gradually implemented the program of universal FH screening in pre-school children, consisting of a two step approach: (1) universal hypercholesterolemia screening in pre-school children at the primary care level; (2) genetic FH screening in children referred to the tertiary care level according to clinical guidelines (with additional cascade screening of family members). The program is presented in detail. METHODS We analyzed retrospective data (2012-2016), to assess the efficiency of the universal FH screening program. In that period, 280 children (59.3% female) were referred to our center through the program for having TC > 6 mmol/L (231.7 mg/dL) or >5 mmol/L (193.1 mg/dL), with a positive family history of premature cardiovascular complications at the universal hypercholesterolemia screening. RESULTS 170 (57.1% female) of them were fully genotyped, 44.7% had an FH disease-causing variant (28.8% in LDLR gene, 15.9% in APOB, none in PCSK9), one patient was LIPA positive, and 40.9% of the remaining patients carried an ApoE4 isoform; genetic analysis is still ongoing for one-third of the referred patients. For almost every child with confirmed FH, one parent had highly probable FH. CONCLUSIONS FH was confirmed in almost half of the referred children, detected through the universal screening for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urh Groselj
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovac
- Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ursa Sustar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Mlinaric
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Department of Vascular Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebusak Podkrajsek
- Unit for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Barboza-Cerda MC, Barboza-Quintana O, Martínez-Aldape G, Garza-Guajardo R, Déctor MA. Phenotypic severity in a family with MEND syndrome is directly associated with the accumulation of potentially functional variants of cholesterol homeostasis genes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e931. [PMID: 31397093 PMCID: PMC6732292 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male EBP disorder with neurologic defects (MEND) syndrome is an X‐linked disease caused by hypomorphic mutations in the EBP (emopamil‐binding protein) gene. Modifier genes may explain the clinical variability among individuals who share a primary mutation. Methods We studied four males (Patient 1 to Patient 4) exhibiting a descending degree of phenotypic severity from a family with MEND syndrome. To identify candidate modifier genes that explain the phenotypic variability, variants of homeostasis cholesterol genes identified by whole‐exome sequencing (WES) were ranked according to the predicted magnitude of their effect through an in‐house scoring system. Results Twenty‐seven from 105 missense variants found in 45 genes of the four exomes were considered significant (−5 to −9 scores). We found a direct genotype–phenotype association based on the differential accumulation of potentially functional gene variants among males. Patient 1 exhibited 17 variants, both Patients 2 and 3 exhibited nine variants, and Patient 4 exhibited only five variants. Conclusion We conclude that APOA5 (rs3135506), ABCA1 (rs9282541), and APOB (rs679899 and rs12714225) are the most relevant candidate modifier genes in this family. Relative accumulation of the deficiencies associated with variants of these genes along with other lesser deficiencies in other genes appears to explain the variable expressivity in MEND syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Barboza-Cerda
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oralia Barboza-Quintana
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Martínez-Aldape
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Raquel Garza-Guajardo
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Déctor
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Karami F, Salahshourifar I, Houshmand M. The Study of rs693 and rs515135 in APOB in People with Familial Hypercholestrolemia. Cell J 2018; 21:86-91. [PMID: 30507093 PMCID: PMC6275425 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective APOB-related familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common hereditary hyperchlosterolemia with
an autosomal dominant pattern. A number of APOB variants are the most important risk factors for hyperchlosterolemia.
APOB is a large glycoprotein that plays an important role in the metabolism of lipoproteins in the human body. Small
changes in the structure and function of APOB can cause major problems in lipid metabolism. Two forms of APOB are
produced by an editing process of gene replication. APOB48 is required for the production of chylomicrons in the small
intestine and APOB100 is essential in liver for the production of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and is also a ligand
for LDL receptor (LDLR) that mediates LDL endocytosis.
Materials and Methods In this case-control study, rs693 (in exon 26 of APOB) and rs515135 (5 'end of APOB) single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in 120 cases of familial hypercholesterolemia and 120 controls. Both
SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) where
PCR products were digested with specific restriction enzymes recognising each single nucleotide polymorphism.
Results This study was analyzed by odds-ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) to examine the association of
the two SNPs with familial hypercholostermia susceptibility. Statistical analysis showed that both SNPs were in Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium.
Conclusion We found no significant relationship between rs515135 and familiar hypercholesterolemia. However,
there was a significant association between the C allele of rs693 and high familial cholesterol levels. Furthermore, it
seems the dominant model of T allele occurrence has a protective role in emergence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshourifar
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Sun D, Zhou BY, Li S, Sun NL, Hua Q, Wu SL, Cao YS, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Zhu CG, Gao Y, Cui CJ, Liu G, Li JJ. Genetic basis of index patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in Chinese population: mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:252. [PMID: 30400955 PMCID: PMC6220500 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there have been many reports in the genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) worldwide, studies in regard of Chinese population are lacking. In this multi-center study, we aim to characterize the genetic spectrum of FH in Chinese population, and examine the genotype-phenotype correlations in detail. Methods A total of 285 unrelated index cases from China with clinical FH were consecutively recruited. Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics tools were used for mutation detection of LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes and genetic analysis. Results Overall, the detection rate is 51.9% (148/285) in the unrelated index cases with a total of 119 risk variants identified including 84 in the LDLR gene, 31 in APOB and 4 in PCSK9 gene. Twenty-eight variants were found in more than one individual and LDLR c.1448G > A (p. W483X) was most frequent one detected in 9 patients. Besides, we found 8 (7 LDLR and 1 APOB) novel variants referred as “pathogenic (or likely pathogenic) variants” according to in silico analysis. In the phenotype analysis, patients with LDLR null mutation had significantly higher LDL cholesterol level than LDLR defective and APOB/PCSK9 mutation carriers and those with no mutations (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 13 double heterozygotes, 16 compound heterozygotes and 5 true LDLR homozygotes were identified and the true LDLR homozygotes had the most severe phenotypes. Conclusions The present study confirmed the heterogeneity of FH genetics in the largest Chinese cohort, which could replenish the knowledge of mutation spectrum and contribute to early screening and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bing-Yang Zhou
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ning-Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qi Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shu-Lin Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun-Shan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chuan-Jue Cui
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Allen RM, Zhao S, Ramirez Solano MA, Zhu W, Michell DL, Wang Y, Shyr Y, Sethupathy P, Linton MF, Graf GA, Sheng Q, Vickers KC. Bioinformatic analysis of endogenous and exogenous small RNAs on lipoproteins. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1506198. [PMID: 30128086 PMCID: PMC6095027 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1506198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively study extracellular small RNAs (sRNA) by sequencing (sRNA-seq), we developed a novel pipeline to overcome current limitations in analysis entitled, “Tools for Integrative Genome analysis of Extracellular sRNAs (TIGER)”. To demonstrate the power of this tool, sRNA-seq was performed on mouse lipoproteins, bile, urine and livers. A key advance for the TIGER pipeline is the ability to analyse both host and non-host sRNAs at genomic, parent RNA and individual fragment levels. TIGER was able to identify approximately 60% of sRNAs on lipoproteins and >85% of sRNAs in liver, bile and urine, a significant advance compared to existing software. Moreover, TIGER facilitated the comparison of lipoprotein sRNA signatures to disparate sample types at each level using hierarchical clustering, correlations, beta-dispersions, principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. TIGER analysis was also used to quantify distinct features of exRNAs, including 5ʹ miRNA variants, 3ʹ miRNA non-templated additions and parent RNA positional coverage. Results suggest that the majority of sRNAs on lipoproteins are non-host sRNAs derived from bacterial sources in the microbiome and environment, specifically rRNA-derived sRNAs from Proteobacteria. Collectively, TIGER facilitated novel discoveries of lipoprotein and biofluid sRNAs and has tremendous applicability for the field of extracellular RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Wanying Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Pirillo A, Garlaschelli K, Arca M, Averna M, Bertolini S, Calandra S, Tarugi P, Catapano AL. Spectrum of mutations in Italian patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: New results from the LIPIGEN study. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018; 29:17-24. [PMID: 28965616 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elevated plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol that confers an increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Early identification and treatment of FH patients can improve prognosis and reduce the burden of cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this study was to perform the mutational analysis of FH patients identified through a collaboration of 20 Lipid Clinics in Italy (LIPIGEN Study). METHODS We recruited 1592 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of definite or probable FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. We performed a parallel sequencing of the major candidate genes for monogenic hypercholesterolemia (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, LDLRAP1, STAP1). RESULTS A total of 213 variants were detected in 1076 subjects. About 90% of them had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. More than 94% of patients carried pathogenic variants in LDLR gene, 27 of which were novel. Pathogenic variants in APOB and PCSK9 were exceedingly rare. We found 4 true homozygotes and 5 putative compound heterozygotes for pathogenic variants in LDLR gene, as well as 5 double heterozygotes for LDLR/APOB pathogenic variants. Two patients were homozygous for pathogenic variants in LDLRAP1 gene resulting in autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia. One patient was found to be heterozygous for the ApoE variant p.(Leu167del), known to confer an FH phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the molecular characteristics of the FH patients identified in Italy over the last two years. Full phenotypic characterization of these patients and cascade screening of family members is now in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.
| | - Katia Garlaschelli
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Calandra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Tarugi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
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Pierson H, Muchenditsi A, Kim BE, Ralle M, Zachos N, Huster D, Lutsenko S. The Function of ATPase Copper Transporter ATP7B in Intestine. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:168-180.e5. [PMID: 28958857 PMCID: PMC5848507 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson disease is a disorder of copper (Cu) misbalance caused by mutations in ATP7B. ATP7B is highly expressed in the liver-the major site of Cu accumulation in patients with Wilson disease. The intestine also expresses ATP7B, but little is known about the contribution of intestinal ATP7B to normal intestinal copper homeostasis or to Wilson disease manifestations. We characterized the role of ATP7B in mouse intestinal organoids and tissues. METHODS We collected intestinal tissues from ATP7B-knockout (Atp7b-/-) and control mice, and established 3-dimensional enteroids. Immunohistochemistry and x-ray fluorescence were used to characterize the distribution of ATP7B and Cu in tissues. Electron microscopy, histologic analyses, and immunoblotting were used to determine the effects of ATP7B loss. Enteroids derived from control and ATP7B-knockout mice were incubated with excess Cu or with Cu-chelating reagents; effects on cell fat content and ATP7B levels and localization were determined by fluorescent confocal microscopy. RESULTS ATP7B maintains a Cu gradient along the duodenal crypt-villus axis and buffers Cu levels in the cytosol of enterocytes. These functions are mediated by rapid Cu-dependent enlargement of ATP7B-containing vesicles and increased levels of ATP7B. Intestines of Atp7b-/- mice had reduced Cu storage pools in intestine, Cu depletion, accumulation of triglyceride-filled vesicles in enterocytes, mislocalization of apolipoprotein B, and loss of chylomicrons. In primary 3-dimensional enteroids, administration of excess Cu or Cu chelators impaired assembly of chylomicrons. CONCLUSIONS ATP7B regulates vesicular storage of Cu in mouse intestine. ATP7B buffers Cu levels in enterocytes to maintain a range necessary for formation of chylomicrons. Misbalance of Cu and lipid in the intestine could account for gastrointestinal manifestations of Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pierson
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University – School of Medicine, USA
| | - Abigael Muchenditsi
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University – School of Medicine, USA
| | - Byung-Eun Kim
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Science University, USA
| | - Nicholas Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Dominik Huster
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Zhou F, Guo T, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Yu D. Variants in the APOB gene was associated with Ischemic Stroke susceptibility in Chinese Han male population. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2249-2254. [PMID: 29416768 PMCID: PMC5788636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is an extremely complicated disease caused by multiple factors. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke. There is still little research on the effect of ApoB gene on stroke in Chinese Han population. The purpose of our research was to explore the effect of ApoB gene polymorphism on the genetic susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Han male population. Materials and methods 7 polymorphisms in ApoB gene were selected and genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY in 325 ischemic stroke male patients and 399 healthy male controls in Chinese Han population. The association between ApoB gene and genetic susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke was performed by the χ2 test, genetic model analysis and haplotype analysis. Results In the allele model, ApoB rs1042034 “T” allele and rs673548 “G” allele increased the risk of the Ischemic Stroke (rs1042034: OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.02-1.63, p=0.030; rs673548: OR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.02-1.62, p=0.034). Logistic regression analysis found that ApoB rs1042034 and rs673548 increased the risk of Ischemic Stroke in the log-additive model, the odds of having Ischemic Stroke would be 1.28-fold and 1.27-fold with the variant allele, respectively. We also found that the risk of individuals carrying the ApoB rs693 “AA-AG” genotype had Ischemic Stroke risk of 1.52-fold of carrying “GG” genotype in the dominant model. The haplotype analysis shown that “TAG” haplotype raised the risk of Ischemic Stroke (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.02-2.27, p=0.0042). Conclusion The polymorphisms of the ApoB gene may affect Ischemic Stroke occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Tie Guo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Yanhui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital at Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
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Niu C, Luo Z, Yu L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Luo X, Lai F, Song Y. Associations of the APOB rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms with plasma APOB and lipid levels: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:166. [PMID: 28874158 PMCID: PMC5586014 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of the apolipoprotein B gene (APOB) rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms with plasma levels of APOB and lipids have been widely explored, but the results were inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the associations of the rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms with fasting APOB and lipid levels. METHODS Sixty-one studies (50,018 subjects) and 23 studies (8425 subjects) were respectively identified for the rs693 and rs17240441 polymorphisms by searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI databases. The following information was collected for each study: first author, age, gender, ethnicity, health condition, sample size, genotyping, lipid assay method, mean and standard deviation or standard error of APOB and lipid variables by genotypes. A dominant model was used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS The carriers of the rs693 variant allele (T) had higher levels of APOB [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16-0.36, P < 0.01], triglycerides (TG) (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05-0.20, P < 0.01), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.17-0.30, P < 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.14-0.30, P < 0.01), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.11-0.01, P = 0.01) than the non-carriers. The carriers of the rs17240441 deletion allele had higher levels of APOB (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.06-0.20, P < 0.01), TC (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07-0.26, P < 0.01) and LDL-C (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.07-0.23, P < 0.01) than the non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The rs693 polymorphism is significantly associated with higher levels of APOB, TG, TC and LDL-C, and lower levels of HDL-C. The rs17240441 polymorphism is significantly associated with higher levels of APOB, TC and LDL-C. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Niu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuqin Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiya Lai
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
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Au A, Griffiths LR, Irene L, Kooi CW, Wei LK. The impact of APOA5, APOB, APOC3 and ABCA1 gene polymorphisms on ischemic stroke: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:60-70. [PMID: 28865324 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic studies have been reported on the association between APOA5, APOB, APOC3 and ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke, but results remain controversial. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to infer the causal relationships of APOA5 (rs662799, rs3135506), APOB (rs693, rs1042031, rs1801701), APOC3 (rs4520, rs5128, rs2854116, rs2854117) and ABCA1 rs2230806 with ischemic stroke risk. METHODS A systematic review was performed for all the articles retrieved from multiple databases, up until March 2017. Data were extracted from all eligible studies, and meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 and R package 3.2.1. The strength of association between each studied polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk was measured as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), under fixed- and random-effect models. RESULTS A total of 79 studies reporting on the association between the studied polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk were identified. The pooled data indicated that all genetic models of APOA5 rs662799 (ORs = 1.23-1.43), allelic and over-dominant models of APOA5 rs3135506 (ORs = 1.77-1.97), APOB rs1801701 (ORs = 1.72-2.13) and APOB rs1042031 (ORs = 1.66-1.88) as well as dominant model of ABCA1 rs2230806 (OR = 1.31) were significantly associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke. However, no significant associations were observed between ischemic stroke and the other five polymorphisms, namely ApoB (rs693) and APOC3 (rs4520, rs5128, rs2854116 and rs2854117), under any genetic model. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis confirmed a significant association of APOA5 rs662799 CC, APOA5 rs3135506 CG, APOB rs1801701 GA, APOB rs1042031 GA and ABCA1 rs2230806 GG with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
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Snyder EM, McCarty C, Mehalow A, Svenson KL, Murray SA, Korstanje R, Braun RE. APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF) is dispensable for C-to-U RNA editing in vivo. RNA 2017; 23:457-465. [PMID: 28069890 PMCID: PMC5340909 DOI: 10.1261/rna.058818.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Editing of the human and murine ApoB mRNA by APOBEC1, the catalytic enzyme of the protein complex that catalyzes C-to-U RNA editing, creates an internal stop codon within the APOB coding sequence, generating two protein isoforms. It has been long held that APOBEC1-mediated editing activity is dependent on the RNA binding protein A1CF. The function of A1CF in adult tissues has not been reported because a previously reported null allele displays embryonic lethality. This work aimed to address the function of A1CF in adult mouse tissues using a conditional A1cf allele. Unexpectedly, A1cf-null mice were viable and fertile with modest defects in hematopoietic, immune, and metabolic parameters. C-to-U RNA editing was quantified for multiple targets, including ApoB, in the small intestine and liver. In all cases, no changes in RNA editing efficiency were observed. Blood plasma analysis demonstrated a male-specific increase in solute concentration and increased cellularity in the glomeruli of male A1cf-null mice. Urine analysis showed a reduction in solute concentration, suggesting abnormal water homeostasis and possible kidney abnormalities exclusive to the male. Computational identification of kidney C-to-U editing sites from polyadenylated RNA-sequencing identified a number of editing sites exclusive to the kidney. However, molecular analysis of kidney C-to-U editing showed no changes in editing efficiency with A1CF loss. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that A1CF does not act as the APOBEC1 complementation factor in vivo under normal physiological conditions and suggests new roles for A1CF, specifically within the male adult kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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Xiang R, Fan LL, Lin MJ, Li JJ, Shi XY, Jin JY, Liu YX, Chen YQ, Xia K, Zhao SP. The genetic spectrum of familial hypercholesterolemia in the central south region of China. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:84-88. [PMID: 28235710 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common and severe autosomal dominant lipid metabolism dysfunction, which causes xanthoma, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Earlier studies showed that mutations in LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 cause FH. Although more than 75% of the population in Europe has been scrutinized for FH-causing mutations, the genetic diagnosis proportion among Chinese people remains very low (less than 0.5%). The aim of this study was to perform a survey and mutation detection among the Chinese population. METHODS 219 FH patients from the central south region of China were enrolled. After extracting DNA from circulating lymphocytes, we used direct DNA sequencing to screen each exon of LDLR, APOB and PCSK9. All detected variants were predicted by Mutationtaster, Polyphen-2 and SIFT to assess their effects. RESULTS In total, 43 mutations were identified from 158 FH patients. Among them, 11 novel mutations were found, including seven LDLR mutations, two APOB mutations and two PCSK9 mutations. Moreover, five common mutations in LDLR were detected. We geographically marked their distributions on the map of China. CONCLUSIONS The spectrum of FH-causing mutations in the Chinese population is refined and expanded. Along with future studies, our study provides the necessary data as the foundation for the characterization of the allele frequency distribution in the Chinese population. The identification of more LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 novel mutations may expand the spectrum of FH-causing mutations and contribute to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Min-Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu-Xing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ya-Qin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Kun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Shui-Ping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Kodogo V, Zhou DT, Oektedalen O, Duri K, Stray-Pedersen B, Gomo E. Apolipoprotein B Gene Polymorphisms and Dyslipidemia in HIV Infected Adult Zimbabweans. Open AIDS J 2016; 10:190-198. [PMID: 27790293 PMCID: PMC5070423 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601610010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia does not occur in all HIV-infected or antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients suggesting role of host genetic factors but there is paucity of data on association between dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms in Zimbabwe. Objective: To determine association of lipoprotein levels and apolipoprotein B polymorphisms in HIV-infected adults. Method: Demographic data were collected from 103 consenting patients; lipoprotein levels were determined and blood samples were successfully genotyped for both apolipoprotein B 2488C>T Xba1 and apolipoprotein B 4154G>A p.Gln4154Lys EcoR1 polymorphisms by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Mean age of genotyped patients was 40.3 ± 10.1 years, 68% were female; prevalence of dyslipidemia was 67.4%. Of 103 samples genotyped for apolipoprotein B Xba1 polymorphism, 76 (74%) were homozygous C/C, 24 (23%) were heterozygous C/T and only three (3%) were homozygous T/T. Apolipoprotein B EcoR1 polymorphism showed little variability, one participant had rare genotype A/A, 68.3% had wild type genotype G/G. Conclusion: Observed frequencies of apolipoprotein B XbaI and EcoRI polymorphisms matched other African studies. In spite of low numbers of rare variants, there was positive association between both total cholestrol and high density lipoprotein with ECoR1 wild type G/G genotype, suggesting that ECoRI 4154 G allele could be more protective against coronary heart disease than EcoR1 4154 A allele. There is need for further research at population level to confirm whether apolipoprotein B ECoR1 genotyping is useful for predicting risk of dyslipidemia in HIV patients in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaris Kodogo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Danai Tavonga Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Oektedalen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerina Duri
- Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Babill Stray-Pedersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, and Womens Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Exnevia Gomo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Shahid SU, ᅟ S, Cooper JA, Beaney KE, Li K, Rehman A, Humphries SE. Effect of SORT1, APOB and APOE polymorphisms on LDL-C and coronary heart disease in Pakistani subjects and their comparison with Northwick Park Heart Study II. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:83. [PMID: 27112212 PMCID: PMC4845441 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many SNPs have been identified in genes regulating LDL-C metabolism, but whether their influence is similar in subjects from different ethnicities is unclear. Effect of 4 such SNPs on LDL-C and coronary heart disease (CHD) was examined in Pakistani subjects and was compared with middle aged UK men from Northwick Park Heart Study II (NPHSII). Methods One thousand nine hundred sixty-five (1770 non CHD, 195 CHD) UK and 623 (219 non CHD, 404 CHD) Pakistani subjects were enrolled in the study. The SNPs SORT1 rs646776, APOB rs1042031 and APOE rs429358, rs7412 were genotyped by TaqMan/KASPar technique and their gene score was calculated. LDL-C was calculated by Friedewald equation, results were analyzed using SPSS. Results Allele frequencies were significantly different (p = <0.05) between UK and Pakistani subjects. However, the SNPs were associated with LDL-C in both groups. In UK non CHD, UK CHD, Pakistani non CHD and Pakistani CHD respectively, for rs646776, per risk allele increase in LDL-C(mmol/l) was 0.18(0.04), 0.06(0.11), 0.15(0.04) and 0.27(0.06) respectively. For rs1042031, per risk allele increase in LDL-C in four groups was 0.11(0.04), 0.04(0.14), 0.15(0.06) and 0.25(0.09) respectively. For APOE genotypes, compared to Ɛ3, each Ɛ2 decreased LDL-C by 0.11(0.06), 0.07(0.15), 0.20(0.08) and 0.38(0.09), while each Ɛ4 increased LDL-C by 0.43(0.06), 0.39(0.21), 0.19(0.11) and 0.39(0.14) respectively. Overall gene score explained a considerable proportion of sample variance in four groups (3.8 %, 1.26 % 13.7 % and 12.3 %). Gene score in both non-CHD groups was significantly lower than CHD subjects. Conclusions The SNPs show a dose response association with LDL-C levels and risk of CHD in both populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0253-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana ᅟ
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jackie A Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Katherine E Beaney
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Kawah Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Stephen Eric Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, WC1E6JF, UK
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Rimbert A, Pichelin M, Lecointe S, Marrec M, Le Scouarnec S, Barrak E, Croyal M, Krempf M, Le Marec H, Redon R, Schott JJ, Magré J, Cariou B. Identification of novel APOB mutations by targeted next-generation sequencing for the molecular diagnosis of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:52-6. [PMID: 27179706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is a co-dominant disorder characterized by decreased plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Currently, genetic diagnosis in FHBL relies largely on Sanger sequencing to identify APOB and PCSK9 gene mutations and on western blotting to detect truncated ApoB species. METHODS Here, we applied targeted enrichment and next-generation sequencing (NGS) on a panel of three FHBL genes and two abetalipoproteinemia genes (APOB, PCSK9, ANGPTL3, MTTP and SAR1B). RESULTS In this study, we identified five likely pathogenic heterozygous rare variants. These include four novel nonsense mutations in APOB (p.Gln845*, p.Gln2571*, p.Cys2933* and p.Ser3718*) and a rare variant in PCSK9 (Minor Allele Frequency <0.1%). The affected family members tested were shown to be carriers, suggesting co-segregation with low LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our study further demonstrates that NGS is a reliable and practical approach for the molecular screening of FHBL-causative genes that may provide a mean for deciphering the genetic basis in FHBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Rimbert
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Matthieu Pichelin
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CIC Thorax, CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Simon Lecointe
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Marie Marrec
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CIC Thorax, CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Solena Le Scouarnec
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Elias Barrak
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de l'Ouest (CRNHO, INRA UMR1280), Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Michel Krempf
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine de l'Ouest (CRNHO, INRA UMR1280), Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Hervé Le Marec
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Richard Redon
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- INSERM, UMR1087, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CNRS, UMR 6291, Nantes, F-44000, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France; CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France; CIC Thorax, CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France.
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Heidari MM, Khatami M, Hadadzadeh M, Kazemi M, Mahamed S, Malekzadeh P, Mirjalili M. Polymorphisms in NOS3, MTHFR, APOB and TNF-α Genes and Risk of Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions in Iranian Patients. Res Cardiovasc Med 2015; 5:e29134. [PMID: 26878010 PMCID: PMC4749848 DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.29134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a complex multifocal arterial disease involving interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors. Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the possible association between NOS3 (rs1799983), MTHFR (rs1801133), APOB (rs5742904) and TNF-α (rs361525) polymorphisms and the risk of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in Iranian patients. Patients and Methods: In the case-control study, 108 patients with coronary atherosclerosis disease and 95 control subjects with no family history of cardiovascular disease were enrolled. Genotypes for NOS3, MTHFR, APOB and TNF-α polymorphisms were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: We specifically detected the NOS3 TT genotype in 12 patients (11.11%) and did not find the same genotype in any of the controls. The frequencies of T allele in patients and the controls were 24% and 17.8%, respectively. The prevalence of the MTHFR TT genotype was 16.7% in patients and 2.2% in control groups. The prevalence of the APOB-100 (R3500Q) mutation in this patient population was 0%. The frequency of the A allele in the TNF-α gene was 11.1% and 11% in patients and controls, respectively, and the AA genotype was undetected. Conclusions: Our results show a significant association of NOS3 and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, these variants might influence the risk of coronary artery disease, specifically in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Mehdi Heidari, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3531233381, Fax: +98-3518210644, E-mail:
| | - Mehri Khatami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Hadadzadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Sahar Mahamed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Pegah Malekzadeh
- Department of Biology, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, IR Iran
| | - Massomeh Mirjalili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, IR Iran
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Di Taranto MD, D'Agostino MN, Fortunato G. Functional characterization of mutant genes associated with autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia: integration and evolution of genetic diagnosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:979-987. [PMID: 26165249 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most frequent dyslipidemias, the autosomal dominant form of which is primarily caused by mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes, although in around 20% of patients the genetic cause remains unidentified. Genetic testing has notably improved the identification of patients suffering from FH, the most frequent cause of which is the presence of mutations in the LDLR gene. Although more than 1200 different mutations have been identified in this gene, about 80% are recognized to be pathogenic. We aim to overview the current methods used to perform the functional characterization of mutations causing FH and to highlight the conditions requiring a functional characterization of the variant in order to obtain a diagnostic report. DATA SYNTHESIS In the current review, we summarize the different types of functional assays - including their advantages and disadvantages - performed to characterize mutations in the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes helping to better define their pathogenic role. We describe the evaluation of splicing alterations and two major procedures for functional characterization: 1. ex vivo methods, using cells from FH patients; 2. in vitro methods using cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Functional characterization of the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 mutant genes associated with FH can be considered a necessary integration of its genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M N D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
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Ahmad Z, Li X, Wosik J, Mani P, Petr J, McLeod G, Murad S, Song L, Adams-Huet B, Garg A. Premature coronary heart disease and autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia: Increased risk in women with LDLR mutations. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 10:101-8.e1-3. [PMID: 26892126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH), it remains unclear whether differences exist in the risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD) between patients with confirmed mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) vs those without detectable mutations. OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess the risk of premature CHD in ADH patients with mutations in LDLR (referred to as familial hypercholesterolemia [FH]) vs those without detectable mutations (unexplained ADH), stratified by sex. METHODS Comparative study of premature CHD in a multiethnic cohort of 111 men and 165 women meeting adult Simon-Broome criteria for ADH. RESULTS Women with FH (n = 51) had an increased risk of premature CHD compared with unexplained ADH women (n = 111; hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-5.34; P = .003) even after adjustment for lipid levels and traditional CHD risk factors (HR, 2.53 [1.10-5.83]; P = .005). Men with FH (n = 42), in contrast, had a similar risk of premature CHD when compared with unexplained ADH men (n = 66; unadjusted: HR, 1.48 [0.84-2.63]; P = .18; adjusted: HR, 1.04 [0.46-2.37]; P = .72). To address whether mutation status provides additional information beyond LDL-cholesterol level, we analyzed premature CHD risk for FH vs unexplained ADH at various percentiles of LDL-cholesterol: the risk ratios were significant for women at 25th percentile (HR, 4.90 [1.69-14.19]) and 50th percentile (HR, 3.44 [1.42-8.32]) but not at 75th percentile (HR, 1.99 [0.95-4.17]), and were not significant for men at any percentile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that genetic confirmation of ADH may be important to identify patient's risk of CHD, especially for female LDLR mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ahmad
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jedrek Wosik
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Preethi Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joye Petr
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George McLeod
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shatha Murad
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Li Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Futema M, Kumari M, Boustred C, Kivimaki M, Humphries SE. Would raising the total cholesterol diagnostic cut-off from 7.5 mmol/L to 9.3 mmol/L improve detection rate of patients with monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia? Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:295-8. [PMID: 25682026 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A previous report suggested that 88% of individuals in the general population with total cholesterol (TC) > 9.3 mmol/L have familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). We tested this hypothesis in a cohort of 4896 UK civil servants, mean (SD) age 44 (±6) years, using next generation sequencing to achieve a comprehensive genetic diagnosis. 25 (0.5%) participants (mean age 49.2 years) had baseline TC > 9.3 mmol/L, and overall we found an FH-causing mutation in the LDLR gene in seven (28%) subjects. The detection rate increased to 39% by excluding eight participants with triglyceride levels over 2.3 mmol/L, and reached 75% in those with TC > 10.4 mmol/L. By extrapolation, the detection rate would be ∼25% by including all participants with TC > 8.6 mmol/L (2.5 standard deviations from the mean). Based on the 1/500 FH frequency, 30% of all FH-cases in this cohort would be missed using the 9.3 mmol/L cut-off. Given that an overall detection rate of 25% is considered economically acceptable, these data suggest that a diagnostic TC cut-off of 8.6 mmol/L, rather than 9.3 mmol/L would be clinically useful for FH in the general population. 28% of sequenced UK individuals with total cholesterol >9.3 mmol/L were found to have an FH mutation using NGS. Detection rate was higher (39%) in individuals with triglycerides lower than 2.3 mmol/L. By extrapolation, a 8.6 mmol/L (2.5 SD from the mean) cholesterol cut-off may be most economically sustainable.
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