1
|
Zheng L, Xu H, Zheng F, Lai Y, Li J, Lv W, Hu Z, Wang W. Intervention time decides the status of autophagy, NLRP3 activity and apoptosis in macrophages induced by ox-LDL. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:107. [PMID: 36284323 PMCID: PMC9594915 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been determined through extensive studies that autophagy, the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and apoptotic responses in macrophages jointly contribute to atherogenesis and its development in the presence of lipid abnormalities. Few studies have investigated in full-scale if the intervention time for lipids abnormality or NLRP3 activation have a significant effect on autophagy, NLRP3 or the apoptotic status in macrophages. Methods Human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages were established by challenging THP-1 monocytes with 80 µg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for specific durations. Foam cell formation was observed by Oil Red O (ORO) staining. Western blots were employed to determine protein expression. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and immunofluorescence microscopy were applied to observe the autophagic status of cells. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Results The cells were treated with ox-LDL for 12 h and 36 h, which were considered to represent early and advanced stages of atherogenesis for this study. The results showed that inhibition of ox-LDL phagocytosis by cytochalasin D in the early stage improved autophagic status, reduced NLRP3 activation and the apoptotic response significantly. In contrast, cytochalasin D had little effect on blocking the detrimental effect of ox-LDL at the advanced stage. Moreover, the changes in autophagy, apoptosis and NLRP3 expression after treatment with small interfering (si) RNA targeting NLRP3 in the early and advanced stages of atherogenesis were consistent with the above data. Conclusions Interventions against lipid disorders or inflammatory reactions in the early or advanced stages of atherogenesis may have different results depending on when they are applied during the process of atherosclerotic pathogenesis. These results may help improve therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis prevention. Furthermore, a healthy lifestyle should still be recommended as the most important and inexpensive measure to prevent atherogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01714-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbiao Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanhui Lai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Lv
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuojun Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scicali R, Mandraffino G, Scuruchi M, Lo Gullo A, Di Pino A, Ferrara V, Morace C, Aragona CO, Squadrito G, Purrello F, Piro S. Effects of Lipid Lowering Therapy Optimization by PCSK9 Inhibitors on Circulating CD34+ Cells and Pulse Wave Velocity in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Subjects without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Real-World Data from Two Lipid Units. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071715. [PMID: 35885020 PMCID: PMC9312801 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating CD34+ progenitor cells (CD34+CPCs) are characterized by pronounced tissue regeneration activity. Dyslipidemic subjects seemed to have reduced CD34+CPCs, and statin therapy appeared to restore their levels. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9-i) on CD34+CPCs and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a cohort of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) subjects. Methods: We determined CD34+ cell count and its change after PCSK9-i in 30 selected HeFH subjects and 30 healthy controls. Lipid profile and PWV were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 months after intensive lipid lowering strategy (statin plus ezetimibe, T1), and after 6 months of optimized therapy with PCSK9-i (T2); CD34+ cell count was reported at T1 and T2. Results: At T1, the median value of CD34+ cells was not significantly different between HeFH subjects and controls, and the same result was obtained at T2. PWV was significantly reduced at T1 (ΔPWV − 14.8%, p < 0.001 vs. T0) and T2 (ΔPWV − 10.96%, p < 0.001 vs. T1). Dividing HeFH subjects into two groups of high- and low-CD34+ cell count, CD34+CPCs appeared to be polarized with a significant difference between the two groups (1.2 (0.46) vs. 4.74 (1.92), p < 0.001), also with respect to controls (both p < 0.001). This polarization was no longer observed at T2, and neither with respect to controls. ΔCD34+ was +67.4% in the low-CD34+ group and −39.24% in the high-CD34+ group (p < 0.001). Lastly, we found a significant correlation between ΔCD34+ cell number and ΔPWV in HeFH subjects (rho = −0.365, p < 0.05), particularly in the low-CD34+ group (rho = −0.681, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PCSK9-i exhibited favorable effects on CD34 + CPCs as was on PWV values in a cohort of FH subjects. Our preliminary findings suggest a possible positive role of this novel lipid-lowering strategy on vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0957598401 (R.S.); +39-0902212359 (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0957598401 (R.S.); +39-0902212359 (G.M.)
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Alberto Lo Gullo
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Viviana Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Carmela Morace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Caterina Oriana Aragona
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asare Y, Koehncke J, Selle J, Simsekyilmaz S, Jankowski J, Shagdarsuren G, Gessner JE, Bernhagen J, Shagdarsuren E. Differential Role for Activating FcγRIII in Neointima Formation After Arterial Injury and Diet-Induced Chronic Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:673. [PMID: 32625118 PMCID: PMC7313534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherogenesis and arterial remodeling following mechanical injury are driven by inflammation and mononuclear cell infiltration. The binding of immune complexes (ICs) to immunoglobulin (Ig)-Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on most innate and adaptive immune cells induces a variety of inflammatory responses that promote atherogenesis. Here, we studied the role of FcγRIII in neointima formation after arterial injury in atherosclerosis-prone mice and compared the outcome and mechanism to that of FcγRIII in diet-induced “chronic” atherosclerosis. FcγrIII–/–/Apoe–/– and control Apoe–/– mice were subjected to wire-induced endothelial denudation of the carotid artery while on high-fat diet (HFD). FcγrIII deficiency mitigated neointimal plaque formation and lesional macrophage accumulation, and enhanced neointimal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) numbers. This went along with a reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the neointimal lesions. Interestingly, in a chronic model of diet-induced atherosclerosis, we unraveled a dichotomic role of FcγRIII in an early versus advanced stage of the disease. While FcγrIII deficiency conferred atheroprotection in the early stage, it promoted atherosclerosis in advanced stages. To this end, FcγrIII deficiency attenuated pro-inflammatory responses in early atherosclerosis but promoted these events in advanced stages. Analysis of the mechanism(s) underlying the athero-promoting effect of FcγrIII deficiency in late-stage atherosclerosis revealed increased serum levels of anti-oxidized-LDL immunoglobulins IgG2c and IgG2b. This was paralleled by enhanced lesional accumulation of IgGs without affecting levels of complement-activated products C5a or C5ar1, FcγRII, and FcγRIV. Moreover, FcγrIII-deficient macrophages expressed more FcγrII, Tnf-α, and Il-1β mRNA when exposed to IgG1 or oxLDL-IgG1 ICs in vitro, and peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell levels were altered. Collectively, our data suggest that deficiency of activating FcγRIII limits neointima formation after arterial injury in atherosclerosis-prone mice as well as early stage chronic atherosclerosis, but augments late-stage atherosclerosis suggesting a dual role of FcγRIII in atherogenic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Janine Koehncke
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jaco Selle
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Translational Experimental Pediatrics - Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Experimental Vascular Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gansuvd Shagdarsuren
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Johannes E Gessner
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Clinical Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic lesions develop preferentially at certain sites in the human arterial system, such as the inner wall of curved segments and the outer wall of bifurcations. Local wall shear stress (WSS) and concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) have been identified as two important factors contributing to these lesions. OBJECTIVE To determine if a connection exists between arterial curvature and the formation of atherosclerosis. METHODS A set of 3-D vessel models with different bend angles was constructed. By comparing blood flow, WSS, and LDL aggregation, the influence of bend curvature on atherosclerotic lesions was assessed. RESULTS Upon increasing arterial bending, low WSS regions were formed at the outer wall of the junction between straight and curved segments, as well as the inner wall of curved segments. However, high LDL concentrations only appeared at the inner wall of the bend region. A connection between secondary flow and LDL concentration was observed; high LDL concentration regions had stronger secondary flow. Higher water infiltration velocity could enhance LDL aggregation, while blood non-Newtonian properties, by easing secondary flow, diminished its aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Under the same flow rate, a larger bend angle increased flow resistance, lowered WSS, and increased LDL surface concentrations, thus indicating an increased risk of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lu
- Institute of Thermal Science of Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Institute of Thermal Science of Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burke AC, Sutherland BG, Telford DE, Morrow MR, Sawyez CG, Edwards JY, Huff MW. Naringenin enhances the regression of atherosclerosis induced by a chow diet in Ldlr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 286:60-70. [PMID: 31102954 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid with lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects leading to athero-protection in Ldlr-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. However, the ability of naringenin to promote atherosclerosis regression is unknown. In the present study, we assessed the capacity of naringenin to enhance regression in Ldlr-/- mice with diet-induced intermediate atherosclerosis intervened with a chow diet. METHODS Male Ldlr-/- mice were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-containing (HFHC) diet for 12 weeks to induce intermediate atherosclerosis and metabolic dysfunction. Subsequently, a group of these mice were sacrificed for baseline analyses and the remainder either 1) continued on the HFHC diet, 2) switched to a chow diet or 3) switched to chow diet supplemented with naringenin. RESULTS After 12 weeks induction, intermediate lesions developed in the aortic sinus. Intervention with chow alone slowed lesion growth, while intervention with naringenin-supplemented chow completely halted lesion growth. Lesions were characterized by features of improved morphology. Compared to chow alone, naringenin reduced plaque macrophages and modestly increased smooth muscle cells. Investigating processes that contributed to improved plaque morphology, we showed naringenin further reduced plasma triglycerides and cholesterol compared to chow alone. Furthermore, elevated monocytosis and myelopoiesis were further corrected by intervention with naringenin compared to chow alone. Metabolically, naringenin enhanced the correction of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and obesity compared to chow alone, potentially contributing to enhanced regression. CONCLUSIONS Naringenin supplementation to chow enhances atherosclerosis regression in male Ldlr-/- mice. These studies further underscore the potential therapeutic utility of naringenin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Burke
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Sawyez
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jane Y Edwards
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Murray W Huff
- Molecular Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St N., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wong YS, Czarny B, Venkatraman SS. Precision nanomedicine in atherosclerosis therapy: how far are we from reality? PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.33218/prnano2(1).181114.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by build-up of lipids and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall, is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently available therapies are inadequate and warrant the demand for improved technologies for more effective treatment. Although primarily the domain of antitumor therapy, recent advances have shown the considerable potential of nanomedicine to advance atherosclerosis treatment. This Review details the arsenal of nanocarriers and molecules available for selective targeting in atherosclerosis, and emphasize the challenges in atherosclerosis treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Huang GQ, Ke ZP. Silence of long intergenic noncoding RNA HOTAIR ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation response in ox-LDL-treated human macrophages by upregulating miR-330-5p. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5134-5142. [PMID: 30187491 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in atherosclerosis is growing but still not well characterized. Here, we concentrated on the biological roles of lncRNA HOX transcription antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in atherosclerosis. In our study, we found that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced human macrophages THP-1 cells apoptosis dose dependently and time dependently. Meanwhile, HOTAIR was significantly increased in THP-1 cells treated with ox-LDL. Then, HOTAIR was modulated by infection of LV-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and LV-HOTAIR into THP-1 cells. As displayed, CD36, Oil Red O staining levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and dil-ox-LDL uptake rate were greatly repressed by the silence of HOTAIR while triggered by overexpression of HOTAIR. Moreover, knockdown of HOTAIR suppressed reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde levels, increased superoxide dismutase activity and cell apoptosis were also restrained. Reversely, overexpression of HOTAIR exhibited an opposite phenomenon. In addition, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, cyclo-oxygenase 2, and tumor necrosis factor α protein levels were significantly depressed by LV-shRNA) of HOTAIR while increased by upregulation of HOTAIR in THP-1 cells. By carrying out bioinformatics analysis, miR-330-5p was predicted as a target of HOTAIR and the correlation between them was validated in our current study. MiR-330-5p was greatly decreased in THP-1 cells incubated with ox-LDL and overexpression of miR-330-5p was able to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation process. Taken together, it was implied that HOTAIR contributed to atherosclerosis development by downregulating miR-330-5p in human macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Qing Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zun-Ping Ke
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kramer F, Just S, Zeller T. New perspectives: systems medicine in cardiovascular disease. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:57. [PMID: 29699591 PMCID: PMC5921396 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innovative approaches to increase the understanding of the underpinnings of CVD promise to enhance CVD risk assessment and might pave the way to tailored therapies. Within the last years, systems medicine has emerged as a novel tool to study the genetic, molecular and physiological interactions. Conclusion In this review, we provide an overview of the current molecular-experimental, epidemiological and bioinformatical tools applied in systems medicine in the cardiovascular field. We will discuss the status and challenges in implementing interdisciplinary systems medicine approaches in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kramer
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee, 32, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang H, Liu Q, Lin JL, Wang Y, Zhang RX, Hou JB, Yu B. Recombinant Human Thioredoxin-1 Protects Macrophages from Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Foam Cell Formation and Cell Apoptosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:121-129. [PMID: 28554199 PMCID: PMC5839490 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx) is an antioxidant that potently protects various cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. However, the protective effect of Trx on ox-LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and apoptosis has not been studied. This study aims to investigate the effect of recombinant human Trx (rhTrx) on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and elucidate the possible mechanisms. RhTrx significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced cholesterol accumulation and apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages. RhTrx also suppressed the ox-LDL-induced overproduction of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1), Bax and activated caspase-3, but it increased the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, rhTrx markedly inhibited the ox-LDL-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Furthermore, anisomycin (a p38 MAPK activator) abolished the protective effect of rhTrx on ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) exerted a similar effect as rhTrx. Collectively, these findings indicate that rhTrx suppresses ox-LDL-stimulated foam cell formation and macrophage apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation, p38 MAPK activation and LOX-1 expression. Therefore, we propose that rhTrx has therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jia-Le Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing-Bo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Cheng H, Yue Y, Li S, Zhang D, He R. TUG1 knockdown ameliorates atherosclerosis via up-regulating the expression of miR-133a target gene FGF1. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 33:6-15. [PMID: 29268138 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to participate in the pathological events associated with atherosclerosis. However, the exact role of lncRNA taurine-up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) and its possible molecular mechanism in atherosclerosis remain unidentified. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-treated ApoE-/- mice were used as an in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Ox-LDL-induced macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were employed as cell models of atherosclerosis. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of TUG1 and miR-133a. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed by commercially available enzyme kits. Oil red O and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were conducted to examine atherosclerotic lesion. Luciferase reporter assay combined with RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was applied to confirm the interaction between TUG1, miR-133a and FGF1. Cell proliferation ability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and trypan blue dye exclusion test. Cell apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL assay. Expression and production of inflammatory cytokines was measured with western blot and ELISA analysis. RESULTS TUG1 expression was up-regulated in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice, as well as in ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells. TUG1 knockdown inhibited hyperlipidemia, decreased inflammatory response, and attenuated atherosclerotic lesion in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice. TUG1 could function as a molecular sponge of miR-133a to suppress its expression. TUG1 overexpression accelerated cell growth, improved inflammatory factor expression, and inhibited apoptosis in ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells, while this effect was abated after transfection with miR-133 mimic. Moreover, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) was identified as a direct target of miR-133a. Restored expression of FGF1 overturned the effect of miR-133a on cell proliferation, inflammatory factor secretion and apoptosis in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells. Finally, TUG1 was revealed to up-regulate FGF1 expression by sponging miR-133a. CONCLUSION TUG1 knockdown ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating FGF1 via miR-133a, raising the possibility of targeting TUG1 as an atheroprotective therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yuxia Yue
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Shuangzhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Daping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Ruili He
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lähteenvuo J, Ylä-Herttuala S. Advances and Challenges in Cardiovascular Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:1024-1032. [PMID: 28810808 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many promising cardiovascular gene therapy approaches have failed to fulfill expectations in clinical trials. However, 20 years of research and method development has laid a solid groundwork for future therapies, and the need for new treatment options still exists. The safety of gene therapy has been established with various viral vectors, transgenes and delivery methods. Improving success in clinical settings requires careful consideration of the translational process. This requires both improving animal models and preclinical end points, and new approach in patient recruitment and selection of clinical end points. This review focuses on bidirectional translationality from bench to bedside and back and proposes ways to improve the process. Developing a highly complex new therapy has taken an enormous amount of work and resources, but perhaps now after the hard lessons cardiovascular gene therapy is ready become a clinical reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lähteenvuo
- 1 A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- 1 A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland .,2 Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia LR, Polegato BF, Zornoff LAM. Challenges of Translational Science. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:388-389. [PMID: 28591317 PMCID: PMC5444883 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Garcia
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Bertha F Polegato
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Leonardo A M Zornoff
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Förstermann U, Xia N, Li H. Roles of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2017; 120:713-735. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 692] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ROS at moderate concentrations have important signaling roles under physiological conditions. Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the roles of vascular oxidative stress and NO in atherosclerosis. All established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking enhance ROS generation and decrease endothelial NO production. Key molecular events in atherogenesis such as oxidative modification of lipoproteins and phospholipids, endothelial cell activation, and macrophage infiltration/activation are facilitated by vascular oxidative stress and inhibited by endothelial NO. Atherosclerosis develops preferentially in vascular regions with disturbed blood flow (arches, branches, and bifurcations). The fact that these sites are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and reduced endothelial NO production is a further indication for the roles of ROS and NO in atherosclerosis. Therefore, prevention of vascular oxidative stress and improvement of endothelial NO production represent reasonable therapeutic strategies in addition to the treatment of established risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Förstermann
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
| | - Ning Xia
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
| | - Huige Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (U.F., N.X., H.L.); Center for Translational Vascular Biology (CTVB), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (H.L.); and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khamis RY, Haskard DO, Serruys PW. Translational interventional cardiology: a new editorial priority for EuroIntervention. EUROINTERVENTION 2016; 12:11-3. [PMID: 27173855 DOI: 10.4244/eijv12i1a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Y Khamis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|