1
|
Zhou ZX, Ma XF, Xiong WH, Ren Z, Jiang M, Deng NH, Zhou BB, Liu HT, Zhou K, Hu HJ, Tang HF, Zheng H, Jiang ZS. TRIM65 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling during atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117430. [PMID: 38301602 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tripartite motif (TRIM65) is an important member of the TRIM protein family, which is a newly discovered E3 ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates various substrates and is involved in diverse pathological processes. However, the function of TRIM65 in atherosclerosis remains unarticulated. In this study, we investigated the role of TRIM65 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, specifically in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype transformation, which plays a crucial role in formation of atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS Both non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic lesions during autopsy were collected singly or pairwise from each individual (n = 16) to investigate the relationship between TRIM65 and the development of atherosclerosis. In vivo, Western diet-fed ApoE-/- mice overexpressing or lacking TRIM65 were used to assess the physiological function of TRIM65 on VSMCs phenotype, proliferation and atherosclerotic lesion formation. In vitro, VSMCs phenotypic transformation was induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). TRIM65-overexpressing or TRIM65-abrogated primary mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MOASMCs) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the progression of VSMCs phenotypic transformation, proliferation and migration. Increased TRIM65 expression was detected in α-SMA-positive cells in the medial and atherosclerotic lesions of autopsy specimens. TRIM65 overexpression increased, whereas genetic knockdown of TRIM65 remarkably inhibited, atherosclerotic plaque development. Mechanistically, TRIM65 overexpression activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, resulting in the loss of the VSMCs contractile phenotype, including calponin, α-SMA, and SM22α, as well as cell proliferation and migration. However, opposite phenomena were observed when TRIM65 was deficient in vivo or in vitro. Moreover, in cultured PDGF-BB-induced TRIM65-overexpressing VSMCs, inhibition of PI3K by treatment with the inhibitor LY-294002 for 24 h markedly attenuated PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation, regained the VSMCs contractile phenotype, and blocked the progression of cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS TRIM65 overexpression enhances atherosclerosis development by promoting phenotypic transformation of VSMCs from contractile to synthetic state through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Nian-Hua Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Bo-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Hui-Ting Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Heng-Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Hui-Fang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - He Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang City and The Affiliated Shaoyang Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 360, Baoqing Middle Road, Hongqi Street, Daxiang District, Shaoyang City, 422000, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun R, Wu T, Xing S, Wei S, Bielicki JK, Pan X, Zhou M, Chen J. Caffeic acid protects against atherosclerotic lesions and cognitive decline in ApoE -/- mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 151:110-118. [PMID: 36707176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid has been indicated to benefit cholesterol balance, but the effect of pure caffeic acid on atherosclerosis in vivo has not been tested. Given that atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease share common features including distracted lipid balance and chronic inflammation, the concurrent effects of caffeic acid on atherosclerotic lesions and cognitive decline were explored here by using the ApoE-/- mice model. A two months' administration of 20 mg/kg caffeic acid or saline was given once two days intraperitoneally to 5-month-old female ApoE-/- mice. We found that the caffeic acid treatment reduced the atherosclerotic lesions in the whole aorta and aortic sinus of the resulting 7-month-old ApoE-/- mice by roughly 50%, compared with the saline control. Meanwhile, the cognitive decline of treated mice were significantly alleviated, as measured by Y-maze and Morris water maze tasks. A reduced accumulation of β-amyloid in the hippocampus was also observed. These effects were associated with elevated serum HDL-c concentration, upregulated ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA levels, as well as decrease local inflammation and reduced levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. These obtained results suggested the preventive and therapeutic potential of caffeic acid against atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Sheng Wei
- Behavioral Phenotyping Core Facility, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - John K Bielicki
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xuefang Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hua YQ, Zeng Y, Xu J, Xu XL. Naringenin alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in middle-aged Apoe -/-mice: role of SIRT1. Phytomedicine 2021; 81:153412. [PMID: 33234364 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin is naturally isolated from citrus fruits possessing many pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the effect of naringenin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the model of metabolic syndrome. PURPOSE The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of naringenin on NASH in 12-mo-old male ApoE-/- mice and its possible underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo, 12-mo-old male ApoE-/- mice were administrated with naringenin by intragastric gavage for 12 weeks. At the end of experiment, the blood samples and liver tissues were collected. Metabolic parameters in serum, levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and hydroxyproline, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and content of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in liver were examined by corresponding assay kits. Pathological changes in liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin, oil red O, masson's trichrome, picro-sirius red and senescence β-galactosidase staining. Dihydroethidium was used for detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro, AML-12 cells were treated with oleic acid in the presence or absence of naringenin for 24 h. Transfection of SIRT1 siRNA was also conducted in vitro. Lipid accumulation, cellular ROS generation, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme activities and secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were examined. Both in vivo and in vitro, gene expressions were detected by real-time PCR or western blot. RESULTS Naringenin administration improved metabolic parameters, suppressed hepatic steatosis, regulated expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (FASN, SCD1, PPARα and CPT1α), reduced hepatic fibrosis and cell senescence, inhibited hepatic inflammation as evidenced by the decreased macrophage recruitment and content of TNF-α and IL-6, and reduced hepatic oxidative stress by suppressing ROS generation and normalizing activities of antioxidant enzymes. Notably, naringenin administration increased hepatic SIRT1 protein expression and activity along with the increased deacetylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), PGC1α and NF-κB. In vitro study, the benefits of naringenin on lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation were diminished by SIRT1 siRNA transfection. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that naringenin administration may be a potential curative therapy for NASH treatment and the activation of hepatic SIRT1-mediated signaling cascades is involved in its beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qiao Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiao Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, Yu J, Xiao X, Zang L, Yang Y, Yu J, Huang Q, Niu X, Li W. Imperatorin reduces the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107170. [PMID: 33218940 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis (AS). Inhibition of inflammation is an effective way to prevent AS. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin with various activities. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of IMP was explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced VSMCs and high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/- mice. The results showed that IMP attenuated the elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and NO induced by ox-LDL in supernatant of VSMCs. IMP has normalized the levels of serum lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C) and attenuated inflammatory cytokines in serum. IMP also improved pathological changes and lipid accumulation in aorta. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in aorta was down-regulated by IMP. IMP could inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPKs pathway in the aorta and VSMCs, resulting in a significant decrease in the contents of p-ERK 1/2, p-JNK and p-P38. Overall, IMP could exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro to interfere with AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lulu Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Sun D, Zheng Y, Cheng Y. Swimming exercise activates aortic autophagy and limits atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:264-270. [PMID: 32444302 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of swimming exercise on autophagy and atherosclerosis in mice aorta, so as to clarify the possible causal relationship between autophagy activation and atherosclerosis. METHODS The body weight was monitored regularly. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Oil Red O staining was conducted to observe vascular morphology and plaque burden respectively. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was examined via Enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assays (ELISA). The mRNA expression level of autophagy markers, including LC3 and Beclin-1, was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expressions of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 are detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the model group, long-term swimming exercise decreased the weight gain of ApoE-/- mice, improved the structural disorder of artery, reduced the load of atherosclerotic lesion, and attenuated the concentrations of serum TC, TG, sICAM-1, MMP-9, and IL-6. In addition, the expression of autophagy markers LC3 and Beclin-1 increased significantly at the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION Long-term swimming exercise could activate the autophagy and reduce atherosclerotic lesion in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice. Autophagy activation may be one of the mechanisms by which atherosclerosis is improved through exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Dakang Sun
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanli Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pang Y, Gan L, Wang X, Su Q, Liang C, He P. Celecoxib aggravates atherogenesis and upregulates leukotrienes in ApoE -/- mice and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:50-58. [PMID: 30875493 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COX-2-selective inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, and their impact on atherosclerosis (AS) remains controversial. The proinflammatory COX-2 and 5-LO pathways both play essential roles in AS and related cardiovascular diseases. Previous clinical studies have provided evidence of the ability of COX-2-selective inhibitors to shunt AA metabolism from the COX-2 pathway to the 5-LO pathway. In this study, the effects of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on AS and the COX-2 and 5-LO pathways were investigated in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Male ApoE-/- mice fed a western-type diet for 18 weeks and cultured mouse RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h were used in this study. RESULTS In ApoE-/- mice, intragastric administration of celecoxib (80 mg/kg/d) for 18 weeks significantly increased aortic atherosclerotic lesion area but had no effect on hyperlipidemia. In addition, celecoxib significantly lowered TNF-α and PGE2 levels but increased both LTB4 and CysLTs levels in aortic tissues. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, pretreatment with 8 μmol/L celecoxib for 1 h significantly lowered the TNF-α, NO, and PGE2 levels but increased the LTB4 and CysLTs levels. Celecoxib also decreased the protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 but increased the expression of 5-LO and LTC4S in both ApoE-/- mouse aortic tissues and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. CONCLUSION The COX-2-selective inhibitor celecoxib can aggravate atherogenesis, an effect that may be related to upregulation of LTs via a 5-LO pathway shunt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021,Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021,Guangxi, China
| | - Xianzhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021,Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021,Guangxi, China
| | - Cong Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021,Guangxi, China
| | - Ping He
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zou J, Zhang S, Li P, Zheng X, Feng D. Supplementation with curcumin inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption and prevents atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Nutr Res 2018; 56:32-40. [PMID: 30055772 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease caused by high cholesterol. Reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption has been shown to exert strong cholesterol-lowering and antiatherogenic effects. Previously, we reported that curcumin reduced cholesterol absorption in high-fat diet-fed hamster by downregulating the intestinal expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. Here, we tested the hypothesis that supplementation with curcumin can also reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice and prevent atherosclerosis development. ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with or without curcumin (0.1% w/w) for 16 weeks. Aortic sinus sections revealed that curcumin supplementation reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesions by 45%. Curcumin treatment also reduced cholesterol accumulation in the aortas by 56% and lowered plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Moreover, the antiatherogenic and cholesterol-lowering effects of curcumin coincided with a significant decrease in intestinal cholesterol absorption. It was reduced by nearly 51%, and the decreased cholesterol absorption was modulated by inhibiting the intestinal expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, predominantly in the duodenal and jejunal segments of the small intestine. These findings support the hypothesis that curcumin supplementation reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption and prevents atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. Curcumin affords a potent antiatherogenic action by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption in the mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated NanHai Hospital of Southern Medical University, 528200, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Peiyang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Xiumei Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Cheng H, Yue Y, Li S, Zhang D, He R. TUG1 knockdown ameliorates atherosclerosis via up-regulating the expression of miR-133a target gene FGF1. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 33:6-15. [PMID: 29268138 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to participate in the pathological events associated with atherosclerosis. However, the exact role of lncRNA taurine-up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) and its possible molecular mechanism in atherosclerosis remain unidentified. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-treated ApoE-/- mice were used as an in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Ox-LDL-induced macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were employed as cell models of atherosclerosis. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of TUG1 and miR-133a. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed by commercially available enzyme kits. Oil red O and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were conducted to examine atherosclerotic lesion. Luciferase reporter assay combined with RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was applied to confirm the interaction between TUG1, miR-133a and FGF1. Cell proliferation ability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and trypan blue dye exclusion test. Cell apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL assay. Expression and production of inflammatory cytokines was measured with western blot and ELISA analysis. RESULTS TUG1 expression was up-regulated in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice, as well as in ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells. TUG1 knockdown inhibited hyperlipidemia, decreased inflammatory response, and attenuated atherosclerotic lesion in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice. TUG1 could function as a molecular sponge of miR-133a to suppress its expression. TUG1 overexpression accelerated cell growth, improved inflammatory factor expression, and inhibited apoptosis in ox-LDL-stimulated RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells, while this effect was abated after transfection with miR-133 mimic. Moreover, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) was identified as a direct target of miR-133a. Restored expression of FGF1 overturned the effect of miR-133a on cell proliferation, inflammatory factor secretion and apoptosis in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 and MOVAS cells. Finally, TUG1 was revealed to up-regulate FGF1 expression by sponging miR-133a. CONCLUSION TUG1 knockdown ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating FGF1 via miR-133a, raising the possibility of targeting TUG1 as an atheroprotective therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yuxia Yue
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Shuangzhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Daping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Ruili He
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Christodoulou E, Kadoglou NPE, Stasinopoulou M, Konstandi OA, Kenoutis C, Kakazanis ZI, Rizakou A, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G. Crocus sativus L. aqueous extract reduces atherogenesis, increases atherosclerotic plaque stability and improves glucose control in diabetic atherosclerotic animals. Atherosclerosis 2017; 268:207-214. [PMID: 29128090 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to evaluate a possible atheroprotective effect of saffron aqueous extract (SFE), and its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms, in apoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS Fifty male, ApoE-/- mice, fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, were randomized into 5 groups: (1) baseline group, euthanatized, without intervention, (2) three saffron groups, receiving HFD and 30,60,90 mg/kg/day of SFE, respectively, for four weeks, per os through gavage, after reconstitution in water for injection (WFI), (3) control group (COG), receiving daily HFD and the same volume of WFI (four weeks). After blood sampling and euthanasia, aortic roots were excised and analyzed for gene expression and/or percentage of aortic stenosis, relative content of macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), connective tissue, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-2,-3,-9 (MMP-2,-3,-9) and their inhibitor (TIMP-2) and IL-6. SFE doses were determined by a pilot serum pharmacokinetic study in C57BL/6J wild-type mice. RESULTS SFE did not affect body weight and total cholesterol levels (p > 0.05), while high SFE dose significantly ameliorated glucose and triglycerides profiles compared to other groups (p < 0.05). SFE considerably decreased aortic stenosis in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Furthermore, increasing SFE doses proportionally reduced macrophages content and increased within plaques content of collagen, elastin, and SMCs, promoting more stable plaque phenotype compared to COG (p < 0.05). Those effects seemed to be associated with a considerable reduction (>30%) in IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-2,-3,-9 (p < 0.05) and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS SFE exerted dose-dependent anti-atherosclerotic and plaque-stabilizing effects in Apo-E-/- mice, probably mediated by a favorable modification of inflammatory mechanisms, which requires further investigation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/blood
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/chemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Lectins/chemistry
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Triglycerides/blood
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ei Christodoulou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Athens, Greece
| | | | - M Stasinopoulou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - O A Konstandi
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Sciences, Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Athens, Greece
| | - C Kenoutis
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Sciences, Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Athens, Greece
| | - Z I Kakazanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - A Rizakou
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Athens, Greece
| | - N Kostomitsopoulos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - G Valsami
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jang YJ, Park B, Lee HW, Park HJ, Koo HJ, Kim BO, Sohn EH, Um SH, Pyo S. Sinigrin attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet potentially by inhibiting VCAM-1 expression. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:28-36. [PMID: 28483571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease associated with elevated levels of atherogenic molecules for leukocyte recruitment. Sinigrin (2-propenylglucosinolate) is found mainly in broccoli, brussels sprouts, and black mustard seeds. Recently, sinigrin has received attention for its role in disease prevention and health promotion. In this study, we examined the effect of sinigrin on development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and the expression of adhesion molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), calcium (Ca2+), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced by sinigrin treatment in ApoE-/- mice. In addition, oral administration of sinigrin attenuated the mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and CCL5 on aorta tissues and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), liver X receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on liver tissues in ApoE-/- mice. To provide a potential mechanism underlying the action of sinigrin, we evaluated the in vitro effect of sinigrin on the expression of the VCAM-1 in TNF-α-induced VSMCs. The increased expression of VCAM-1 by TNF-α stimulation was significantly suppressed by the treatment of sinigrin (1-100 μg/ml) and sinigrin inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, suggesting that sinigrin decreases the TNF-α-stimulated VCAM-1 expression through the suppression of NF-κB and MAP kinases signaling pathways. Overall, sinigrin has the potential to be used in reducing the risks of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jeong Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkyun Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Weon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Medicinal & Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Oh Kim
- School of Food Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abu-Saleh N, Aviram M, Hayek T. Aqueous or lipid components of atherosclerotic lesion increase macrophage oxidation and lipid accumulation. Life Sci 2016; 154:1-14. [PMID: 27114099 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Understanding the interactions among atherosclerotic plaque components and arterial macrophages, is essential for elucidating the mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis. We assessed the effects of lesion extracts on macrophages. METHODS Mouse peritoneal macrophages from atherosclerotic normoglycemic or hyperglycemic apoE(-/-) mice were incubated with aortic aqueous or with aortic lipidic extracts (mAAE or mALE) derived from these mice. In parallel, J774A.1 cultured macrophages were incubated with increasing concentrations of extracts prepared from human carotid lesions: polar lesion aqueous extract (hLAE), nonpolar lesion lipid extract (hLLE), or with their combination. In all the above systems we performed analyses of macrophage oxidative status, cholesterol, and triglyceride metabolism. RESULTS Aqueous or lipid extracts from either mice aorta or from human carotid lesions significantly increased macrophage oxidative stress as determined by reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis. In parallel, a compensatory increase in the cellular antioxidant paraoxonase2 (PON2) activity and in macrophage glutathione content were observed following incubation with all extracts. Macrophage triglyceride mass and triglyceride biosynthesis rate were both significantly increased following treatment with the lipid extracts, secondary to upregulation of DGAT1. All extracts decreased cholesterol biosynthesis rate, through downregulation of HMGCR, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. The combination of the human lesion extracts had the most significant effects. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that atherosclerotic plaque constituents enhance macrophage cellular oxidative stress, and accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides, as shown in both in vivo and in vitro model systems.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bigalke B, Phinikaridou A, Andia ME, Cooper MS, Schuster A, Wurster T, Onthank D, Münch G, Blower P, Gawaz M, Nagel E, Botnar RM. PET/CT and MR imaging biomarker of lipid-rich plaques using [64Cu]-labeled scavenger receptor (CD68-Fc). Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:287-91. [PMID: 25499394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continued uptake of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by the scavenger receptor, CD68, of activated macrophages is a crucial process in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and leads to the formation of foam cells. Eight-weeks-old male Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice (n = 6) were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. C57BL/6J wildtype (WT) mice served as controls (n = 6). Positron emission tomography (PET) with an acquisition time of 1800 s (NanoPET/CT scanner; Mediso, Hungary & Bioscan, USA) was carried out 24h after intravenous tail vein administration of 50 µl (64)Cu-CD68-Fc (~20-30 µg labeled protein/mouse containing approximately 10-12 MBq (64)Cu-CD68-Fc per mouse). Three days after PET/CT, all mice received an intravenous administration of 0.2 mmol/kg body weight of a gadolinium-based elastin-binding contrast agent to assess plaque burden and vessel wall remodeling. Two hours after injection, mice were imaged in a 3T clinical MR scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, NL) using a dedicated single loop surface coil (23 mm). Enhanced (64)Cu-CD68-Fc uptake was found in the aortic arches of ApoE(-/-) compared to WT mice (ApoE(-/-) mice:10.5 ± 1.5 Bq/cm(3) vs. WT mice: 2.1 ± 0.3 Bq/cm(3); P = 0.002). Higher gadolinium-based elastin-binding contrast agent uptake was also detected in the aortic arch of ApoE(-/-) compared to WT mice using R(1) maps (R(1) = 1.47 ± 0.06 s(-1) vs. 0.92 ± 0.05 s(-1); P <0.001). Radiolabeled scavenger receptor ((64)Cu-CD68-Fc) may help to target foam cell rich plaques with high content of oxidized LDL. This novel imaging biomarker tool may have potential to identify unstable plaques and for risk stratification.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Copper Radioisotopes
- Disease Models, Animal
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnosis
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
- Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bigalke
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Pulmologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile
| | - Margaret S Cooper
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Schuster
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK Partner Site), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wurster
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Philip Blower
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eike Nagel
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rene M Botnar
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom; AdvanceCor GmbH, Martinsried, Germany; Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, King's College London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen L, Liu W, Li Y, Luo S, Liu Q, Zhong Y, Jian Z, Bao M. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 attenuates the atherosclerotic progression through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory process. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:108-15. [PMID: 23747589 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus ATCC 4356 on the progression of atherosclerosis in Apoliprotein-E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice and the underlying mechanisms. Eight week-old ApoE(-/-) mice were treated with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 daily for 12 weeks. The wild type (WT) mice or ApoE(-/-) mice in the vehicle group were treated with saline only. Body weights, serum lipid levels, aortic atherosclerotic lesions, and tissue oxidative and inflammatory statuses were examined among the groups. As compared to ApoE(-/-) mice in the vehicle group, ApoE(-/-) mice treated with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 had no changes in body weights and serum lipid profiles, but showed decreased atherosclerotic lesion size in en face aorta. In comparison with WT mice, ApoE(-/-) mice in the vehicle group showed higher levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), but lower levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in serum. Administration of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 could reverse these trends in a dose-dependent manner in ApoE(-/-) mice. Furthermore, ApoE(-/-) mice treated with L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 showed an inhibition of translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus, suppression of degradation of aortic IκB-α, and improvements of gut microbiota distribution, as compared to ApoE(-/-) mice in the vehicle group. Our findings suggest that administration of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 can attenuate the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE(-/-) mice through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|