1
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Iwata H, Miyauchi K, Naito R, Iimuro S, Ozaki Y, Sakuma I, Nakagawa Y, Hibi K, Hiro T, Fukumoto Y, Hokimoto S, Saito Y, Ogawa H, Shimokawa H, Daida H, Kimura T, Nagai R. Significance of Persistent Inflammation in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Insights From the REAL-CAD Study. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100996. [PMID: 39130048 PMCID: PMC11312795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background The prognostic implications of persistent low-grade inflammation in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) are underexplored. The REAL-CAD (Randomized Evaluation of Aggressive or Moderate Lipid Lowering Therapy with Pitavastatin in Coronary Artery Disease) study demonstrated the benefit of higher intensity pitavastatin in Japanese patients with CCS. Objectives This prespecified subanalysis of the REAL-CAD study aimed to assess the prognostic effect of the persistent low-grade inflammation represented by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in CCS patients. Methods The present analysis involved patients without events until 6 months after randomization and whose hs-CRP levels were available at baseline and 6 months (n = 10,460). The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and unstable angina hospitalization. Landmark analyses evaluated the prognostic impact of continuous inflammation in 4 groups based on the median levels of hs-CRP (0.5 mg/L for both) at baseline and 6 months. The 4 groups included patient with persistently low, elevated (increased), reduced, and persistently high hs-CRP. Results Adjusted Cox proportional hazard analyses demonstrated an increased risk of the primary endpoint in the group with persistently high hs-CRP when compared to the group with persistently low hs-CRP as a reference (adjusted HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.18-1.89; P = 0.001), but with a similar risk in the group with elevated (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.77-1.49, P = 0.68) and reduced (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.66-1.27; P = 0.60) hs-CRP. Conclusions The study shows that persistent low-grade inflammation is associated with poor outcomes and underscores the need to address residual inflammatory risk in CCS patients. (Randomized Evaluation of Aggressive or Moderate Lipid Lowering Therapy With Pitavastatin in Coronary Artery Disease [REAL-CAD]; NCT01042730).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iimuro
- Innovation and Research Support Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Caress Sapporo Hokko Memorial Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takefui Hiro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Hirakata Kohsai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Papantoniou E, Arvanitakis K, Markakis K, Papadakos SP, Tsachouridou O, Popovic DS, Germanidis G, Koufakis T, Kotsa K. Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of Dyslipidemia in People Living with HIV: Sailing through Rough Seas. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 38672720 PMCID: PMC11051320 DOI: 10.3390/life14040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) represent one of the greatest health burdens worldwide. The complex pathophysiological pathways that link highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV infection per se with dyslipidemia make the management of lipid disorders and the subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk essential for the treatment of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Amongst HAART regimens, darunavir and atazanavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, nevirapine, rilpivirine, and especially integrase inhibitors have demonstrated the most favorable lipid profile, emerging as sustainable options in HAART substitution. To this day, statins remain the cornerstone pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia in PLHIV, although important drug-drug interactions with different HAART agents should be taken into account upon treatment initiation. For those intolerant or not meeting therapeutic goals, the addition of ezetimibe, PCSK9, bempedoic acid, fibrates, or fish oils should also be considered. This review summarizes the current literature on the multifactorial etiology and intricate pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia in PLHIV, with an emphasis on the role of different HAART agents, while also providing valuable insights into potential switching strategies and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papantoniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (K.M.); (O.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Markakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (K.M.); (O.T.)
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Olga Tsachouridou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (K.M.); (O.T.)
| | - Djordje S. Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21137 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 1 St. Kiriakidi Street, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Kwon OC, Han K, Park MC. Association Between Lipid Profile and Risk of Incident Systemic Sclerosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:1095-1107. [PMID: 38050603 PMCID: PMC10693781 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s427881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Lipid metabolism is altered in systemic sclerosis (SSc), mediating activation of immune cells and fibroblasts. However, it is unclear whether altered lipid profile is associated with a risk of developing SSc. We aimed to assess the association between lipid profile and risk of incident SSc. Methods From a Korean nationwide database, individuals without SSc who underwent national health check-ups in 2009 were selected and followed-up through 2019. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride were measured on the health check-up date in 2009. Individuals who developed SSc during follow-up were identified. Multivariable Cox models were performed to estimate the risk of incident SSc according to TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels, respectively. Results Of the 9,894,996 individuals selected, 1355 individuals developed SSc during a mean follow-up of 9.2 years (incidence rate=1.49 per 100,000 person-years). Levels of TC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.959, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.945-0.974), HDL-C (aHR 0.968, 95% CI 0.950-0.987), LDL-C (aHR 0.968, 95% CI 0.952-0.983) were inversely associated with the risk of incident SSc, whereas no significant association was observed between levels of triglyceride (aHR 1.004, 95% CI 0.998-1.011) and risk of incident SSc. Conclusion Serum levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were inversely associated with the risk of incident SSc. Our findings provide new insights that altered lipid profile could be considered a non-causal biomarker associated with incident SSc, which could help early diagnosis. The underlying mechanism for this association needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Chan Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Chan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zivkovic S, Maric G, Cvetinovic N, Lepojevic-Stefanovic D, Bozic Cvijan B. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Supplements-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061517. [PMID: 36986246 PMCID: PMC10053759 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Since the establishment of the "lipid hypothesis", according to which, cholesterol level is directly correlated to the risk of CVD, many different lipid-lowering agents have been introduced in clinical practice. A majority of these drugs, in addition to their lipid-lowering properties, may also exhibit some anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. This hypothesis was based on the observation that a decrease in lipid levels occurs along with a decrease in inflammation. Insufficient reduction in the inflammation during treatment with lipid-lowering drugs could be one of the explanations for treatment failure and recurrent CVD events. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of currently available lipid-lowering medications including statins, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants (BAS), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin, as well as dietary supplements and novel drugs used in modern times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zivkovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Zvezdara University Medical Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Cvetinovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, University Medical Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bojana Bozic Cvijan
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Klassen A, Faccio AT, Picossi CRC, Derogis PBMC, Dos Santos Ferreira CE, Lopes AS, Sussulini A, Cruz ECS, Bastos RT, Fontoura SC, Neto AMF, Tavares MFM, Izar MC, Fonseca FAH. Evaluation of two highly effective lipid-lowering therapies in subjects with acute myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15973. [PMID: 34354179 PMCID: PMC8342504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For cardiovascular disease prevention, statins alone or combined with ezetimibe have been recommended to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets, but their effects on other lipids are less reported. This study was designed to examine lipid changes in subjects with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after two highly effective lipid-lowering therapies. Twenty patients with STEMI were randomized to be treated with rosuvastatin 20 mg QD or simvastatin 40 mg combined with ezetimibe 10 mg QD for 30 days. Fasting blood samples were collected on the first day (D1) and after 30 days (D30). Lipidomic analysis was performed using the Lipidyzer platform. Similar classic lipid profile was obtained in both groups of lipid-lowering therapies. However, differences with the lipidomic analysis were observed between D30 and D1 for most of the analyzed classes. Differences were noted with lipid-lowering therapies for lipids such as FA, LPC, PC, PE, CE, Cer, and SM, notably in patients treated with rosuvastatin. Correlation studies between classic lipid profiles and lipidomic results showed different information. These findings seem relevant, due to the involvement of these lipid classes in crucial mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and may account for residual cardiovascular risk. Randomized clinical trial: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02428374, registered on 28/09/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Tedesco Faccio
- Center for Multiplatform Metabolomics Studies (CEMM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Raissa Costa Picossi
- Center for Multiplatform Metabolomics Studies (CEMM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Soriano Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Elisa Castañeda Santa Cruz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Tudela Bastos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Franco Maggi Tavares
- Center for Multiplatform Metabolomics Studies (CEMM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Izar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Loefgren 1350, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04040-001, Brazil
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Xu L, Sun X, Zhu G, Mao J, Baban B, Qin X. Local delivery of simvastatin maintains tooth anchorage during mechanical tooth moving via anti-inflammation property and AMPK/MAPK/NF-kB inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:333-344. [PMID: 33314684 PMCID: PMC7810950 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SMV) could increase tooth anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, previous studies on its bone‐specific anabolic and anti‐inflammation properties were based on static in vitro and in vivo conditions. AMPK is a stress‐activated kinase that protects tissue against serious damage from overloading inflammation. Rat periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were subjected to a serial of SMV concentrations to investigate the optimization that promoted osteogenic differentiation. The PDLCs in static and/or tensile culturing conditions then received the proper concentration SMV. Related factors expression was measured by the protein array, real‐time PCR and Western blot. The 0.05UM SMV triggered osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. The inhibition of AMPK activation through a pharmacological approach (Compound C) caused dramatic decrease in osteogenic/angiogenic gene expression and significant increase in inflammatory NF‐κB phosphorylation. In contrast, pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR significantly inhibited inflammatory factors expression and activated ERK1/2, P38 MAPK phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPK activation induced by SMV delivery significantly attenuated the osteoclastogenesis and decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α and NF‐κB in a rodent model of OTM. The current studies suggested that SMV could intrigue intrinsic activation of AMPK in PDLCs that promote attenuate the inflammation which occurred under tensile irritation through AMPK/MAPK/NF‐kB Inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hovland A, Retterstøl K, Mollnes TE, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P, Lappegård KT. Anti-inflammatory effects of non-statin low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering drugs: an unused potential? SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2020; 54:274-279. [PMID: 32500743 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2020.1775878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Inflammatory responses are closely knit with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in driving atherosclerosis. Even if LDL-cholesterol is causative to atherosclerotic diseases and LDL-cholesterol lowering reduces hard clinical endpoints, there is a residual risk for clinical events, possibly driven by inflammatory processes, in accordance with its role in autoimmune diseases. Design. As LDL-cholesterol treatment targets are reduced, the use of non-statin lipid-lowering drugs will probably increase. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve through lipid infiltration and modification in the intima, furthermore infiltration of cells including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils initiating inflammatory signaling. Here we briefly review inflammation in atherosclerosis and the effects of the non-statin lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation. The review is limited to the most common non-statin lipid lowering drugs, i.e. proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants (BAS) and cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Results. PCSK9 inhibition is mostly studied together with statins and is associated with a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, PCSK9 inhibitors seem to have an effect on monocyte migration trough CCR2. They also have an interaction with sirtuins, possibly offering a therapeutic target. BAS have several interesting effects on inflammation, including reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduction of the number of infiltrating macrophages, however there are relatively few reports considering that these drugs have been on the market for decades. Ezetimibe also has effects on inflammation including reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, however these effects are usually accomplished in tandem with statins. Conclusion. This topic adds an interesting piece to the puzzle of atherosclerosis, indicating that PCSK9 inhibition, BAS and ezetimibe all affect thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hovland
- Coronary Care Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tore Lappegård
- Coronary Care Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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8
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Soh H, Im JP, Han K, Park S, Hong SW, Moon JM, Kang EA, Chun J, Lee HJ, Kim JS. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with different lipid profile disorders: a nationwide population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:446-456. [PMID: 31691306 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between lipid profiles and IBD remain elusive. AIM To determine the association of IBD with serum lipid profiles. METHODS A nationwide population-based study was performed using claims data from the Korean National Healthcare Insurance service. A total of 9 706 026 subjects undergoing medical check-ups in 2009 were enrolled and followed up until 2016. Individuals who developed Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified during follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) by age, sex, body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, income and underlying comorbidities was calculated to define the impact of serum lipid profiles on developing IBD. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, IBD was detected in 7,058 (0.07%) individuals. Compared with the highest quartile of serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, lower TC levels were associated with higher incidence of CD (aHR: Q1, 2.52; Q2, 1.52; Q3, 1.27), but not UC. Lower serum LDL-C levels were associated with higher incidence of CD (aHR: Q1, 1.92; Q2, 1.47; Q3, 1.22), but not UC. Moreover, lower serum HDL-C levels were associated with higher incidence of CD (aHR: Q1, 2.49; Q2, 1.90; Q3, 1.43), but not UC. In contrast, lower serum triglyceride levels were associated with higher incidence of UC (aHR: Q1, 1.22; Q2, 1.19; Q3, 1.19), but not CD. CONCLUSIONS Low serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels were associated with CD. Low serum triglyceride levels were related to UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosim Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seona Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Biobaku F, Ghanim H, Batra M, Dandona P. Macronutrient-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Relevance to Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Atherogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:6118-6128. [PMID: 31219543 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The intake of macronutrients as components of a Western dietary pattern leads to oxidative stress and inflammation. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Data were largely retrieved from our previous and most recent work. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for recent articles on the effect of macronutrients/dietary intake on inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, and atherogenesis. The most relevant, high-quality articles were included in our review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Our previous work has demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of macronutrient-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. With the induction of inflammation, proinflammatory molecules potentially interfere with insulin signal transduction, thus causing insulin resistance. In addition, other molecules promote atherogenic inflammation. More recently, our work has also shown that certain foods are noninflammatory or anti-inflammatory and thus, do not interfere with insulin signaling. Finally, as obesity is induced by chronic excessive caloric intake, it is characterized by an increase in the expression of proinflammatory molecules, which are induced acutely by a Western diet. Caloric restriction, including fasting, is associated with a reduction in oxidative and inflammatory stress. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes and attempts to provide an up-to-date profile of the molecular mechanisms involved in macronutrient-mediated oxidative/inflammatory stress and its potential consequences. An understanding of these underlying mechanisms is crucial for making appropriate dietary choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimo Biobaku
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Husam Ghanim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Manav Batra
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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10
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Zamani M, Shirinzadeh A, Aghajanzadeh M, Andalib S, Danafar H. In vivo study of mPEG-PCL as a nanocarriers for anti-inflammatory drug delivery of simvastatin. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:663-670. [PMID: 30516412 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1556689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) di-block copolymers were synthesized. The purpose of this work is to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin-loaded micelles. METHODS The structure of synthesized copolymers was characterized by using HNMR, FTIR, and GPC techniques. Simvastatin was encapsulated in micelles through a single-step nano-precipitation method, leading to the formation of simvastatin-loaded mPEG-PCL (simvastatin-mPEG-PCL) micelles. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles versus indomethacin were investigated in acute inflammation-induced rats. The paw edema thickness was measured 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after injection of formulation. The inhibition of edema in various groups were calculated and reported by percentages. RESULTS The results showed that the zeta potential of micelles was about -14.9 ± 0.47 mV and the average size was in range of 66.10 ± 0.34 nm. Simvastatin was encapsulated in mPEG-PCL micelles with a loading capacity of 9.63 ± 0.87% and an encapsulation efficiency of 64.20 ± 0.79%. Simvastatin and simvastatin-mPEG-PCL micelles showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the present study. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that simvastatin and simvastatin/mPEG-PCL micelles both have anti-inflammatory effects and suggested that statins have potential anti-inflammatory activity along with their lipid lowering properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Zamani
- a Student Research Committee , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Amin Shirinzadeh
- c School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Mozhgan Aghajanzadeh
- a Student Research Committee , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Sina Andalib
- d Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
| | - Hossein Danafar
- e Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,f Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.,g Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran
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11
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Tabrizi R, Tamtaji OR, Mirhosseini N, Lankarani KB, Akbari M, Dadgostar E, Borhani-Haghighi A, Peymani P, Ahmadizar F, Asemi Z. The effects of statin use on inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:85-103. [PMID: 30576798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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de Oliveira AA, Davis D, Nunes KP. Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in metabolic syndrome: From bench to bedside. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1117-1122. [PMID: 31336453 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) play crucial roles in the underlying mechanisms of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Mainly, these receptors have been suggested to participate in the pathophysiological processes involved in the complications associated with this condition. Therefore, to evolve therapeutic strategies targeting PRRs might be an imperative approach to avoid the development of further complications in human subjects. In this work, we discuss the understanding regarding the roles of PRRs in the pathways of MetS to further describe potential advancements made to target these receptors within this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA.
| | - Destiny Davis
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA.
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13
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Alí A, Boutjdir M, Aromolaran AS. Cardiolipotoxicity, Inflammation, and Arrhythmias: Role for Interleukin-6 Molecular Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1866. [PMID: 30666212 PMCID: PMC6330352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid infiltration of the myocardium, acquired in metabolic disorders (obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia) is critically associated with the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. According to a recent Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association published in 2017, the current average dietary intake of saturated free-fatty acid (SFFA) in the US is 11–12%, which is significantly above the recommended <10%. Increased levels of circulating SFFAs (or lipotoxicity) may represent an unappreciated link that underlies increased vulnerability to cardiac dysfunction. Thus, an important objective is to identify novel targets that will inform pharmacological and genetic interventions for cardiomyopathies acquired through excessive consumption of diets rich in SFFAs. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The increasing epidemic of metabolic disorders strongly implies an undeniable and critical need to further investigate SFFA mechanisms. A rapidly emerging and promising target for modulation by lipotoxicity is cytokine secretion and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This objective can be advanced through fundamental mechanisms of cardiac electrical remodeling. In this review, we discuss cardiac ion channel modulation by SFFAs. We further highlight the contribution of downstream signaling pathways involving toll-like receptors and pathological increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our expectation is that if we understand pathological remodeling of major cardiac ion channels from a perspective of lipotoxicity and inflammation, we may be able to develop safer and more effective therapies that will be beneficial to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Alí
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Arias-Jayo N, Abecia L, Alonso-Sáez L, Ramirez-Garcia A, Rodriguez A, Pardo MA. High-Fat Diet Consumption Induces Microbiota Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation in Zebrafish. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:1089-1101. [PMID: 29736898 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dense foods and overnutrition represent major starting points altering lipid metabolism, systemic inflammation and gut microbiota. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) over a period of 25 days on intestinal microbiota and inflammation in zebrafish. Microbial composition of HFD-fed animals was analysed and compared to controls by 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. The expression level on several genes related to inflammation was tested. Furthermore, microscopic assessment of the intestine was performed in both conditions. The consumption of the HFD resulted in microbial dysbiosis, characterised by an increase in the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Moreover, an emerging intestinal inflammation via NF-κβ activation was confirmed by the overexpression of several genes related to signalling receptors, antimicrobial metabolism and the inflammatory cascade. The intestinal barrier was also damaged, with an increase of goblet cell mucin production. This is the first study performed in zebrafish which suggests that the consumption of a diet enriched with 10% fat changes the intestinal microbial community composition, which was correlated with low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Arias-Jayo
- Food research, Azti, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Leticia Abecia
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Laura Alonso-Sáez
- Marine research, Azti, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, 48395, Txatxarramendi, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Departmento de Immunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alfonso Rodriguez
- St Luke's General Hospital, Freshford Road, Friarsinch, Kilkenny, R95 FY71, Ireland
| | - Miguel A Pardo
- Food research, Azti, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
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Dandona P, Ghanim H. Macronutrient intake and oxidative stress/inflammation in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:247-248. [PMID: 29402613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1000 Youngs Road, Suite 105, Williamsville, NY 14221, United States.
| | - Husam Ghanim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1000 Youngs Road, Suite 105, Williamsville, NY 14221, United States
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