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ShaMa A, Huang Y, Ma C, Xu C, Hu J, Li Z, Zeng C. Influence of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms on coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33690. [PMID: 39040314 PMCID: PMC11260916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have shown that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms have an impact on coronary artery disease(CAD). However, many studies have small sample sizes and different conclusions. The purpose was to retrospectively study the influence of ApoE gene polymorphisms on CAD. Methods This study assessed the influence of different ApoE genotypes on coronary heart disease in patients who received coronary angiography and used multivariate logistic regression to assess the influence of different ApoE genotypes on CAD. Results Patients with different ApoE genotypes had no obvious differences in the incidence of hypertension, diabetes or obesity(P > 0.05). Patients with ε2/ε2 had higher incidence of hypertriglyceridemia than patients with other ApoE genotypes, while patients with ε3/ε3 had a lower incidence of hypertriglyceridemia than those with ε3/ε4,ε4/ε4, ε2/ε3 and ε2/ε2(P < 0.05). Patients with ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4, ε3/ε3 and ε2/ε2 had no significant differences in the severity or incidence of CAD (P > 0.05). ε2/ε4 and ε2/ε3 reduced the risk of high LDL-C, and reduced the severity and incidence of coronary heart(P < 0.05). ε2/ε3 reduced risk of premature coronary artery disease(PCAD)(P < 0.05). ε2/ε3 reduced risk of CAD in patients age <45,age at 60-74 and age ≥74, while ε2/ε4 reduced risk of CAD in patients age ≥74(P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4,ε3/ε3 and ε2/ε2 had no significant differences in the severity and occurrence of CAD. Compared to the isoform ε3 (ε3/ε3), isoform ε4 did not increased the severity and occurrence of CAD. Compared with ApoE other genotypes, ε2/ε3 and ε2/ε4 reduced the risk of high LDL-C and the severity and occurrence of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhi ShaMa
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jingyue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
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Rasmussen KL, Frikke-Schmidt R. The current state of apolipoprotein E in dyslipidemia. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:78-84. [PMID: 38054895 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism in the peripheral circulation and in the brain. This has been recognized for decades; however, the importance of the full spectrum of variation in the APOE gene has been less investigated. This review focusses on current progresses in this field with main focus on apoE in dyslipidemia and vascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Whereas ε4 is the risk increasing allele for Alzheimer disease, ε2 is associated with increased risk for age-related macular degeneration. Rare functional ε2-like variants in APOE have previously been reported to have protective associations for Alzheimer disease but recent findings suggest a simultaneous high risk of age-related macular degeneration, in line with observations for the ε2 allele. SUMMARY ApoE plays an important and well established role in dyslipidemia, vascular disease, and dementia. Recent evidence from large general population studies now also suggests that apoE is involved in age-related macular degeneration. ApoE-targeted therapeutics are being developed for multiple purposes; this heralds a promising change in the approach to disease processes involving apoE. The different risk profile for dementia and age-related macular degeneration should, however, be kept in mind when developing drugs targeting mechanisms resembling these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine L Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hu H, Cui H, Yin X, Fan Q, Shuai H, Zhang J, Liao F, Xiong W, Jiang H, Fan H, Liu W, Wei G. Dual-mode fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence sensors based on Ru-MOF nanosheets for sensitive detection of apoE genes. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:701-709. [PMID: 38131524 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01934a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence-electrochemiluminescence (FL-ECL) dual-mode sensor for apoE gene detection has been developed, leveraging the unique properties of ruthenium metal organic framework nanosheets (RuMOFNSs). The system utilizes the quenching effect of the Ru(bpy)32+ ECL signal by ferrocene, leading to the synthesis of a multi-electron electrical signal marker, bisferrocene. By immobilizing the P-DNA on RuMOFNSs, bisferrocene quenches both FL and ECL signals. The addition of T-DNA and the consequent formation of double-stranded DNA enable the ExoIII enzyme to excise the bisferrocene fragment, restoring the signals. The sensor demonstrates wide detection linear ranges (1 fM to 1 nM for FL and 0.01 fM to 10 pM for ECL) and remarkable sensitivity (0.048 fM for FL and 0.016 fM for ECL). The dual-mode design offers enhanced reliability through a self-correction feature, reducing false positives. Compared to single-mode sensors, the dual-mode sensor shows significant advantages. Real-world testing confirms the sensor's capacity for robust detection in actual samples, underscoring its promising application in early disease diagnosis. This innovative approach opens up avenues for multi-signal response sensors, offering significant potential for diagnostic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Hu
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Hanfeng Cui
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Xia Yin
- JiangXi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Hai Shuai
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Fusheng Liao
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Hedong Jiang
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Hao Fan
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Wenming Liu
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
| | - Guobing Wei
- JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nan Chang, JiangXi 330004, China.
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Duan J, Zhao Q, He Z, Tang S, Duan J, Xing W. Current understanding of macrophages in intracranial aneurysm: relevant etiological manifestations, signaling modulation and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1320098. [PMID: 38259443 PMCID: PMC10800944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages activation and inflammatory response play crucial roles in intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and progression. The outcome of ruptured IA is considerably poor, and the mechanisms that trigger IA progression and rupture remain to be clarified, thereby developing effective therapy to prevent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) become difficult. Recently, climbing evidences have been expanding our understanding of the macrophages relevant IA pathogenesis, such as immune cells population, inflammatory activation, intra-/inter-cellular signaling transductions and drug administration responses. Crosstalk between macrophages disorder, inflammation and cellular signaling transduction aggravates the devastating consequences of IA. Illustrating the pros and cons mechanisms of macrophages in IA progression are expected to achieve more efficient treatment interventions. In this review, we summarized the current advanced knowledge of macrophages activation, infiltration, polarization and inflammatory responses in IA occurrence and development, as well as the most relevant NF-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) regulatory signaling modulation. The understanding of macrophages regulatory mechanisms is important for IA patients' clinical outcomes. Gaining insight into the macrophages regulation potentially contributes to more precise IA interventions and will also greatly facilitate the development of novel medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeyuan He
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Xing
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 4288A-1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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