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Parvin Nejad S, Lecce M, Mirani B, Machado Siqueira N, Mirzaei Z, Santerre JP, Davies JE, Simmons CA. Serum- and xeno-free culture of human umbilical cord perivascular cells for pediatric heart valve tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:96. [PMID: 37076906 PMCID: PMC10116794 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constructs currently used to repair or replace congenitally diseased pediatric heart valves lack a viable cell population capable of functional adaptation in situ, necessitating repeated surgical intervention. Heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) can address these limitations by producing functional living tissue in vitro that holds the potential for somatic growth and remodelling upon implantation. However, clinical translation of HVTE strategies requires an appropriate source of autologous cells that can be non-invasively harvested from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-rich tissues and cultured under serum- and xeno-free conditions. To this end, we evaluated human umbilical cord perivascular cells (hUCPVCs) as a promising cell source for in vitro production of engineered heart valve tissue. METHODS The proliferative, clonogenic, multilineage differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis capacities of hUCPVCs were evaluated in a commercial serum- and xeno-free culture medium (StemMACS™) on tissue culture polystyrene and benchmarked to adult bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). Additionally, the ECM synthesis potential of hUCPVCs was evaluated when cultured on polycarbonate polyurethane anisotropic electrospun scaffolds, a representative biomaterial for in vitro HVTE. RESULTS hUCPVCs had greater proliferative and clonogenic potential than BMMSCs in StemMACS™ (p < 0.05), without differentiation to osteogenic and adipogenic phenotypes associated with valve pathology. Furthermore, hUCPVCs cultured with StemMACS™ on tissue culture plastic for 14 days synthesized significantly more total collagen, elastin, and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (p < 0.05), the ECM constituents of the native valve, than BMMSCs. Finally, hUCPVCs retained their ECM synthesizing capacity after 14 and 21 days in culture on anisotropic electrospun scaffolds. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings establish an in vitro culture platform that uses hUCPVCs as a readily-available and non-invasively sourced autologous cell population and a commercial serum- and xeno-free culture medium to increase the translational potential of future pediatric HVTE strategies. This study evaluated the proliferative, differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis capacities of human umbilical cord perivascular cells (hUCPVCs) when cultured in serum- and xeno-free media (SFM) against conventionally used bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) and serum-containing media (SCM). Our findings support the use of hUCPVCs and SFM for in vitro heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) of autologous pediatric valve tissue. Figure created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouka Parvin Nejad
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Monica Lecce
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nataly Machado Siqueira
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zahra Mirzaei
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Tissue Regeneration Therapeutics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Gillis-Germitsch N, Kockmann T, Asmis LM, Tritten L, Schnyder M. The Angiostrongylus vasorum Excretory/Secretory and Surface Proteome Contains Putative Modulators of the Host Coagulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:753320. [PMID: 34796127 PMCID: PMC8593241 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus vasorum is a cardiopulmonary nematode of canids and is, among others, associated with bleeding disorders in dogs. The pathogenesis of such coagulopathies remains unclear. A deep proteomic characterization of sex specific A. vasorum excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) and of cuticular surface proteins was performed, and the effect of ESP on host coagulation and fibrinolysis was evaluated in vitro. Proteins were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and functionally characterized through gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. In total, 1069 ESP (944 from female and 959 from male specimens) and 1195 surface proteins (705 and 1135, respectively) were identified. Among these were putative modulators of host coagulation, e.g., von Willebrand factor type D domain protein orthologues as well as several proteases, including serine type proteases, protease inhibitors and proteasome subunits. The effect of ESP on dog coagulation and fibrinolysis was evaluated on canine endothelial cells and by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). After stimulation with ESP, tissue factor and serpin E1 transcript expression increased. ROTEM revealed minimal interaction of ESP with dog blood and ESP did not influence the onset of fibrinolysis, leading to the conclusion that Angiostrongylus vasorum ESP and surface proteins are not solely responsible for bleeding in dogs and that the interaction with the host's vascular hemostasis is limited. It is likely that coagulopathies in A. vasorum infected dogs are the result of a multifactorial response of the host to this parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gillis-Germitsch
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars M Asmis
- Center for Perioperative Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucienne Tritten
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Zhu Q, Ye P, Guo F, Zhu Y, Nan W, Chang Z. A heparin-functionalized covered stent prepared by plasma technology. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1243-1253. [PMID: 34672223 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211051871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the surface of the covered stent was treated by plasma technology to introduce amino functional groups, and glutaraldehyde and heparin were successfully grafted to prepare a heparin-functionalized covered stent (HPLCS). The preparation parameters such as plasma treatment power, plasma treatment time, concentration of glutaraldehyde and heparin, and pH of heparin solution were studied in detail. The functionalized heparin covered stent can make the titer of heparin reach 1.23 ± 0.03 IU/cm2. In animal experiments, after implantation in pigs for 6 months, the titer of heparin can still reach 0.93 ± 0.05 IU/cm2. This work provides a good method for preparing heparin covered stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- 47863University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ye
- 47863University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Guo
- 47863University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimen Zhu
- 47863University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Nan
- 47863University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohua Chang
- 47863University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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4
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Radakovic D, Reboredo J, Helm M, Weigel T, Schürlein S, Kupczyk E, Leyh RG, Walles H, Hansmann J. A multilayered electrospun graft as vascular access for hemodialysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185916. [PMID: 29023551 PMCID: PMC5638257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite medical achievements, the number of patients with end-stage kidney disease keeps steadily raising, thereby entailing a high number of surgical and interventional procedures to establish and maintain arteriovenous vascular access for hemodialysis. Due to vascular disease, aneurysms or infection, the preferred access-an autogenous arteriovenous fistula-is not always available and appropriate. Moreover, when replacing small diameter blood vessels, synthetic vascular grafts possess well-known disadvantages. A continuous multilayered gradient electrospinning was used to produce vascular grafts made of collagen type I nanofibers on luminal and adventitial graft side, and poly-ɛ-caprolactone as medial layer. Therefore, a custom-made electrospinner with robust environmental control was developed. The morphology of electrospun grafts was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and measurement of mechanical properties. Human microvascular endothelial cells were cultured in the graft under static culture conditions and compared to cultures obtained from dynamic continuous flow bioreactors. Immunofluorescent analysis showed that endothelial cells form a continuous luminal layer and functional characteristics were confirmed by uptake of acetylated low-density-lipoprotein. Incorporation of vancomycin and gentamicin to the medial graft layer allowed antimicrobial inhibition without exhibiting an adverse impact on cell viability. Most striking a physiological hemocompatibility was achieved for the multilayered grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Radakovic
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J. Reboredo
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M. Helm
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Neunerplatz 2, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T. Weigel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - S. Schürlein
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E. Kupczyk
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R. G. Leyh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - H. Walles
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Neunerplatz 2, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J. Hansmann
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Neunerplatz 2, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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5
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Robert J, Button EB, Yuen B, Gilmour M, Kang K, Bahrabadi A, Stukas S, Zhao W, Kulic I, Wellington CL. Clearance of beta-amyloid is facilitated by apolipoprotein E and circulating high-density lipoproteins in bioengineered human vessels. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28994390 PMCID: PMC5634784 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques, consisting of deposited beta-amyloid (Aβ), are a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cerebral vessels play a major role in AD, as Aβ is cleared from the brain by pathways involving the cerebrovasculature, most AD patients have cerebrovascular amyloid (cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and cardiovascular risk factors increase dementia risk. Here we present a notable advance in vascular tissue engineering by generating the first functional 3-dimensioinal model of CAA in bioengineered human vessels. We show that lipoproteins including brain (apoE) and circulating (high-density lipoprotein, HDL) synergize to facilitate Aβ transport across bioengineered human cerebral vessels. These lipoproteins facilitate Aβ42 transport more efficiently than Aβ40, consistent with Aβ40 being the primary species that accumulates in CAA. Moreover, apoE4 is less effective than apoE2 in promoting Aβ transport, also consistent with the well-established role of apoE4 in Aβ deposition in AD. Alzheimer’s disease causes gradual loss of memory and difficulties in learning. The brains of patients with the disease show several abnormalities including deposits of a peptide molecule called beta-amyloid that is known to be toxic to nerve cells. This peptide can also cause damage to the brain by accumulating within the muscular walls of large blood vessels, a condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and is present in most Alzheimer’s disease patients. A group of molecules known as lipoproteins, which transport fats throughout body fluids, are thought to be involved in the process by which beta-amyloid leaves the brain. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is one such molecule and it is made in the brain by cells called astrocytes. There are three different versions of apoE that are associated with different levels of risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Other lipoproteins, such as high-density lipoprotein, which is present in the blood, may also play a role in clearing beta-amyloid proteins from the brain. However, it has been difficult to investigate the roles of these lipoproteins in Alzheimer’s disease because current test-tube models do not fully mimic the composition of human brain blood vessels or show how they work. Robert et al. have used a tissue engineering approach to generate the first three-dimensional model of human brain blood vessels that can reproduce cerebral amyloid angiopathy. To make the model, different types of human cells similar to those found in real blood vessels and astrocytes were grown under conditions that resemble real-life conditions, including mimicking blood flow through the engineered vessels. Having established that the engineered vessels behaved similarly to normal blood vessels, Robert et al. used them to test whether lipoproteins helped to clear beta-amyloid proteins from the vessels. These experiments showed that a form of apoE that protects against Alzheimer’s disease was more effective in transporting beta-amyloid proteins across the walls of blood vessels than other forms of apoE. Further experiments showed that high-density lipoprotein in the blood and apoE on the brain side of the vessel work together to help transport beta-amyloid into the vessels. Together, these findings show that the model of CAA developed by Robert et al. provides a valuable new tool for exploring how this condition develops. The model could also be used more widely in the future, for example, to study how to deliver new drugs that could help treat Alzheimer’s disease into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily B Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian Yuen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Megan Gilmour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Arvin Bahrabadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sophie Stukas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Iva Kulic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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6
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Huber B, Engelhardt S, Meyer W, Krüger H, Wenz A, Schönhaar V, Tovar GEM, Kluger PJ, Borchers K. Blood-Vessel Mimicking Structures by Stereolithographic Fabrication of Small Porous Tubes Using Cytocompatible Polyacrylate Elastomers, Biofunctionalization and Endothelialization. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:E11. [PMID: 27104576 PMCID: PMC4932468 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel reconstruction is still an elusive goal for the development of in vitro models as well as artificial vascular grafts. In this study, we used a novel photo-curable cytocompatible polyacrylate material (PA) for freeform generation of synthetic vessels. We applied stereolithography for the fabrication of arbitrary 3D tubular structures with total dimensions in the centimeter range, 300 µm wall thickness, inner diameters of 1 to 2 mm and defined pores with a constant diameter of approximately 100 µm or 200 µm. We established a rinsing protocol to remove remaining cytotoxic substances from the photo-cured PA and applied thio-modified heparin and RGDC-peptides to functionalize the PA surface for enhanced endothelial cell adhesion. A rotating seeding procedure was introduced to ensure homogenous endothelial monolayer formation at the inner luminal tube wall. We showed that endothelial cells stayed viable and adherent and aligned along the medium flow under fluid-flow conditions comparable to native capillaries. The combined technology approach comprising of freeform additive manufacturing (AM), biomimetic design, cytocompatible materials which are applicable to AM, and biofunctionalization of AM constructs has been introduced as BioRap(®) technology by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Huber
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Sascha Engelhardt
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Wolfdietrich Meyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Krüger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
| | - Annika Wenz
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Veronika Schönhaar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Günter E M Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Petra J Kluger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
- Process Analysis & Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Reutlingen 72762, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Borchers
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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7
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Kort EJ, Croskey L, Scibienski T, Rajasekaran S, Jovinge S. Circulating Progenitor Cells and Childhood Cardiovascular Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:225-31. [PMID: 26554720 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-015-1300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating progenitor cells have been extensively studied in the context of heart disease in adults. In these patients, they have been demonstrated to be markers of myocardial injury and recovery as well as potential therapeutic agents. However, studies in children are much more limited. Here we review current knowledge pertaining to circulating progenitor cells in the context of childhood cardiovascular disease. Priorities for further research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Kort
- DeVos Cardiovascular Research Program of Spectrum Health and Van Andel Research Institute, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Lacey Croskey
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Taryn Scibienski
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Jovinge
- DeVos Cardiovascular Research Program of Spectrum Health and Van Andel Research Institute, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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8
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Karaöz E, İnci Ç. Umbilical Cord Tissue and Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Properties and Therapeutic Potentials. PERINATAL TISSUE-DERIVED STEM CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46410-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Heart disease, including valve pathologies, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the progress made thanks to improving transplantation techniques, a perfect valve substitute has not yet been developed: once a diseased valve is replaced with current technologies, the newly implanted valve still needs to be changed some time in the future. This situation is particularly dramatic in the case of children and young adults, because of the necessity of valve growth during the patient's life. Our review focuses on the current status of heart valve (HV) therapy and the challenges that must be solved in the development of new approaches based on tissue engineering. Scientists and physicians have proposed tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) as the most promising solution for HV replacement, especially given that they can help to avoid thrombosis, structural deterioration and xenoinfections. Lastly, TEHVs might also serve as a model for studying human valve development and pathologies.
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10
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Biazar E. Use of umbilical cord and cord blood-derived stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:301-10. [PMID: 24456082 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.867943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potential use of umbilical cord (UC) is one of the most exciting frontiers in medicine for repairing damaged tissues. UC and cord blood-derived stem cells are the world's largest potential sources of stem cells. UC contains a mixture of stem and progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages and UC has been verified as a candidate for cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications due to the capability of these cells for extensive self-renewal and multi-lineage character in differentiation potential. AREAS COVERED UC-based repair or regeneration of organs (i.e., heart, nerve, skin, etc.) is a high-priority research worldwide. EXPERT OPINION The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge about UC with main focus on its applications for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Biazar
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch , Tonekabon , Iran +00981924271105 ;
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11
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A three-dimensional engineered artery model for in vitro atherosclerosis research. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79821. [PMID: 24244566 PMCID: PMC3828234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves dysfunctions of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells as well as blood borne inflammatory cells such as monocyte-derived macrophages. In vitro experiments towards a better understanding of these dysfunctions are typically performed in two-dimensional cell culture systems. However, these models lack both the three-dimensional structure and the physiological pulsatile flow conditions of native arteries. We here describe the development and initial characterization of a tissue engineered artery equivalent, which is composed of human primary endothelial and smooth muscle cells and is exposed to flow in vitro. Histological analyses showed formation of a dense tissue composed of a tight monolayer of endothelial cells supported by a basement membrane and multiple smooth muscle cell layers. Both low (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) perfused through the artery equivalent were recovered both within endothelial cells and in the sub-endothelial intima. After activation of the endothelium with either tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or LDL, monocytes circulated through the model were found to adhere to the activated endothelium and to transmigrate into the intima. In conclusion, the described tissue engineered human artery equivalent model represents a significant step towards a relevant in vitro platform for the systematic assessment of pathogenic processes in atherosclerosis independently of any systemic factors.
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12
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Brennecke P, Arlt MJE, Muff R, Campanile C, Gvozdenovic A, Husmann K, Holzwarth N, Cameroni E, Ehrensperger F, Thelen M, Born W, Fuchs B. Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 in CXCR4-expressing human 143B osteosarcoma cells enhances lung metastasis of intratibial xenografts in SCID mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74045. [PMID: 24040160 PMCID: PMC3769403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More effective treatment of metastasizing osteosarcoma with a current mean 5-year survival rate of less than 20% requires more detailed knowledge on mechanisms and key regulatory molecules of the complex metastatic process. CXCR4, the receptor of the chemokine CXCL12, has been reported to promote tumor progression and metastasis in osteosarcoma. CXCR7 is a recently deorphanized CXCL12-scavenging receptor with so far not well-defined functions in tumor biology. The present study focused on a potential malignancy enhancing function of CXCR7 in interaction with CXCR4 in osteosarcoma, which was investigated in an intratibial osteosarcoma model in SCID mice, making use of the human 143B osteosarcoma cell line that spontaneously metastasizes to the lung and expresses endogenous CXCR4. 143B osteosarcoma cells stably expressing LacZ (143B-LacZ cells) were retrovirally transduced with a gene encoding HA-tagged CXCR7 (143B-LacZ-X7-HA cells). 143B-LacZ-X7-HA cells co-expressing CXCR7 and CXCR4 exhibited CXCL12 scavenging and enhanced adhesion to IL-1β-activated HUVEC cells compared to 143B-LacZ cells expressing CXCR4 alone. SCID mice intratibially injected with 143B-LacZ-X7-HA cells had significantly (p<0.05) smaller primary tumors, but significantly (p<0.05) higher numbers of lung metastases than mice injected with 143B-LacZ cells. Unexpectedly, 143B-LacZ-X7-HA cells, unlike 143B-LacZ cells, also metastasized with high incidence to the auriculum cordis. In conclusion, expression of the CXCL12 scavenging receptor CXCR7 in the CXCR4-expressing human 143B osteosarcoma cell line enhances its metastatic activity in intratibial primary tumors in SCID mice that predominantly metastasize to the lung and thereby closely mimic the human disease. These findings point to CXCR7 as a target, complementary to previously proposed CXCR4, for more effective metastasis-suppressive treatment in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brennecke
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J. E. Arlt
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Muff
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Campanile
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Gvozdenovic
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Knut Husmann
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Holzwarth
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Ehrensperger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Immunopathology, University Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Walter Born
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Fuchs
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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13
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Weber B, Kehl D, Bleul U, Behr L, Sammut S, Frese L, Ksiazek A, Achermann J, Stranzinger G, Robert J, Sanders B, Sidler M, Brokopp CE, Proulx ST, Frauenfelder T, Schoenauer R, Emmert MY, Falk V, Hoerstrup SP. In vitro fabrication of autologous living tissue-engineered vascular grafts based on prenatally harvested ovine amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:52-70. [PMID: 23881794 DOI: 10.1002/term.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) have been proposed as a valuable source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, before clinical implementation, rigorous evaluation of this cell source in clinically relevant animal models accepted by regulatory authorities is indispensable. Today, the ovine model represents one of the most accepted preclinical animal models, in particular for cardiovascular applications. Here, we investigate the isolation and use of autologous ovine AFCs as cell source for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications. Fetal fluids were aspirated in vivo from pregnant ewes (n = 9) and from explanted uteri post mortem at different gestational ages (n = 91). Amniotic non-allantoic fluid nature was evaluated biochemically and in vivo samples were compared with post mortem reference samples. Isolated cells revealed an immunohistochemical phenotype similar to ovine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and showed expression of stem cell factors described for embryonic stem cells, such as NANOG and STAT-3. Isolated ovine amniotic fluid-derived MSCs were screened for numeric chromosomal aberrations and successfully differentiated into several mesodermal phenotypes. Myofibroblastic ovine AFC lineages were then successfully used for the in vitro fabrication of small- and large-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (n = 10) and cardiovascular patches (n = 34), laying the foundation for the use of this relevant pre-clinical in vivo assessment model for future amniotic fluid cell-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Weber
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Debora Kehl
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Bleul
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Food Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Behr
- IMM Recherche, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - Laura Frese
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Ksiazek
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gerald Stranzinger
- Breeding Biology Group, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Robert
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bart Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Michele Sidler
- Musculo-sceletal Research Unit, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chad E Brokopp
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frauenfelder
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Schoenauer
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Swiss Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery and Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Hoshi RA, Van Lith R, Jen MC, Allen JB, Lapidos KA, Ameer G. The blood and vascular cell compatibility of heparin-modified ePTFE vascular grafts. Biomaterials 2012; 34:30-41. [PMID: 23069711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic vascular grafts do not mimic the antithrombogenic properties of native blood vessels and therefore have higher rates of complications that involve thrombosis and restenosis. We developed an approach for grafting bioactive heparin, a potent anticoagulant glycosaminoglycan, to the lumen of ePTFE vascular grafts to improve their interactions with blood and vascular cells. Heparin was bound to aminated poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (POC) via its carboxyl functional groups onto POC-modified ePTFE grafts. The bioactivity and stability of the POC-immobilized heparin (POC-Heparin) were characterized via platelet adhesion and clotting assays. The effects of POC-Heparin on the adhesion, viability and phenotype of primary endothelial cells (EC), blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) obtained from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) isolated from human peripheral blood, and smooth muscle cells were also investigated. POC-Heparin grafts maintained bioactivity under physiologically relevant conditions in vitro for at least one month. Specifically, POC-Heparin-coated ePTFE grafts significantly reduced platelet adhesion and inhibited whole blood clotting kinetics. POC-Heparin supported EC and BOEC adhesion, viability, proliferation, NO production, and expression of endothelial cell-specific markers von Willebrand factor (vWF) and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin). Smooth muscle cells cultured on POC-Heparin showed increased expression of α-actin and decreased cell proliferation. This approach can be easily adapted to modify other blood contacting devices such as stents where antithrombogenicity and improved endothelialization are desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hoshi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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15
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Williams C, Xie AW, Emani S, Yamato M, Okano T, Emani SM, Wong JY. A Comparison of Human Smooth Muscle and Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Potential Cell Sources for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Patches. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:986-98. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corin Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angela W. Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sirisha Emani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sitaram M. Emani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joyce Y. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Krawiec JT, Vorp DA. Adult stem cell-based tissue engineered blood vessels: A review. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3388-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Sarkanen JR, Vuorenpää H, Huttala O, Mannerström B, Kuokkanen H, Miettinen S, Heinonen T, Ylikomi T. Adipose Stromal Cell Tubule Network Model Provides a Versatile Tool for Vascular Research and Tissue Engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:385-97. [DOI: 10.1159/000336679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Weber B, Schoenauer R, Papadopulos F, Modregger P, Peter S, Stampanoni M, Mauri A, Mazza E, Gorelik J, Agarkova I, Frese L, Breymann C, Kretschmar O, Hoerstrup SP. Engineering of living autologous human umbilical cord cell-based septal occluder membranes using composite PGA-P4HB matrices. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9630-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Yang M, Xiao Z, Lv Q, Liu X, Zhou L, Chen X, Chen M, Fang L, Xie X, Hu J. The functional expression of TLR3 in EPCs impairs cell proliferation by induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle progress inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2118-24. [PMID: 21964048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a member of the TLR family that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), plays an important role in antiviral immunity. TLR3 is widely expressed in various cells and the activation of TLR3 induces cell apoptosis in some cells. However, the effect of TLR3 on cell proliferation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is unclear. In this study, we found that EPCs expressed high levels of TLR1, 3, 4, and 6 and low levels of TLR2, 5, 7, 8, and 10. The treatment of EPCs with TLR3 agonist Poly I:C up-regulated the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-β, indicating that EPCs expressed functional TLR3. Moreover, Poly I:C treatment induced cell cycle progress inhibition and cell apoptosis, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Further studies indicated that IL-1β was involved in TLR3-induced cell proliferation inhibition, as IL-1β inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the IL-1β receptor type I (IL-1R1)-neutralizing antibody ameliorated Poly I:C-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that Poly I:C impairs cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle progress inhibition and cell apoptosis via TLR3 in EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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20
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Seo S, Na K. Use of growth factor-loaded acetylated polysaccharide as a coating material to improve endothelialization of vascular stents. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-1005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Zeisberger SM, Schulz JC, Mairhofer M, Ponsaerts P, Wouters G, Doerr D, Katsen-Globa A, Ehrbar M, Hescheler J, Hoerstrup SP, Zisch AH, Kolbus A, Zimmermann H. Biological and Physicochemical Characterization of a Serum-and Xeno-Free Chemically Defined Cryopreservation Procedure for Adult Human Progenitor Cells. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1241-57. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x547426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While therapeutic cell transplantations using progenitor cells are increasingly evolving towards phase I and II clinical trials and chemically defined cell culture is established, standardization in biobanking is still in the stage of infancy. In this study, the EU FP6-funded CRYSTAL (CRYo-banking of Stem cells for human Therapeutic AppLication) consortium aimed to validate novel Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to perform and validate xeno-free and chemically defined cryopreservation of human progenitor cells and to reduce the amount of the potentially toxic cryoprotectant additive (CPA) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To achieve this goal, three human adult progenitor and stem cell populations—umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived erythroid cells (UCB-ECs), UCB-derived endothelial colony forming cells (UCB-ECFCs), and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs)—were cryopreserved in chemically defined medium supplemented with 10% or 5% DMSO. Cell recovery, cell repopulation, and functionality were evaluated postthaw in comparison to cryopreservation in standard fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing freezing medium. Even with a reduction of the DMSO CPA to 5%, postthaw cell count and viability assays indicated no overall significant difference versus standard cryomedium. Additionally, to compare cellular morphology/membrane integrity and ice crystal formation during cryopreservation, multiphoton laser-scanning cryomicroscopy (cryo-MPLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Neither cryo-MPLSM nor SEM indicated differences in membrane integrity for the tested cell populations under various conditions. Moreover, no influence was observed on functional properties of the cells following cryopreservation in chemically defined freezing medium, except for UCB-ECs, which showed a significantly reduced differentiation capacity after cryopreservation in chemically defined medium supplemented with 5% DMSO. In summary, these results demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of standardized xeno-free cryopreservation of different human progenitor cells and encourage their use even more in the field of tissue-engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen M. Zeisberger
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia C. Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Mario Mairhofer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Doerr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, St. Ingbert, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jurgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, and Center of Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Swiss Center for Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas H. Zisch
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Kolbus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, St. Ingbert, Germany
- University of Saarland/Chair of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology/Nanotechnology, Saarbrucken, Germany
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22
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Ahmann KA, Johnson SL, Hebbel RP, Tranquillo RT. Shear stress responses of adult blood outgrowth endothelial cells seeded on bioartificial tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2511-21. [PMID: 21599543 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human blood outgrowth endothelial cells (HBOECs) are expanded from circulating endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood and thus could provide a source of autologous endothelial cells for tissue-engineered vascular grafts. To examine the suitability of adult HBOECs for use in vascular tissue engineering, the shear stress responsiveness of these cells was examined on bioartificial tissue formed from dermal fibroblasts entrapped in tubular fibrin gels. HBOECs adhered to this surface, deposited collagen IV and laminin, and remained adherent when exposed to 15 dyn/cm(2) shear stress for 24 h. The shear stress responses of HBOECs were compared to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). As with HUVECs, HBOECs upregulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 when exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and shear stress decreased the expression of these adhesion molecules on TNF-α-activated monolayers. Nitric oxide production was elevated by shear stress, but did not vary between cell types. Both cell types decreased platelet adhesion to the bioartificial tissue, whereas pre-exposing the cells to flow decreased platelet adhesion further. These results illustrate the potential utility for HBOECs in vascular tissue engineering, as not only do the cells adhere to bioartificial tissue and remain adherent under physiological shear stress, they are also responsive to shear stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Ahmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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23
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Wang L, Ott L, Seshareddy K, Weiss ML, Detamore MS. Musculoskeletal tissue engineering with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells. Regen Med 2011; 6:95-109. [PMID: 21175290 DOI: 10.2217/rme.10.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold tremendous promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, yet with so many sources of MSCs, what are the primary criteria for selecting leading candidates? Ideally, the cells will be multipotent, inexpensive, lack donor site morbidity, donor materials should be readily available in large numbers, immunocompatible, politically benign and expandable in vitro for several passages. Bone marrow MSCs do not meet all of these criteria and neither do embryonic stem cells. However, a promising new cell source is emerging in tissue engineering that appears to meet these criteria: MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord MSCs. Exposed to appropriate conditions, umbilical cord MSCs can differentiate in vitro along several cell lineages such as the chondrocyte, osteoblast, adipocyte, myocyte, neuronal, pancreatic or hepatocyte lineages. In animal models, umbilical cord MSCs have demonstrated in vivo differentiation ability and promising immunocompatibility with host organs/tissues, even in xenotransplantation. In this article, we address their cellular characteristics, multipotent differentiation ability and potential for tissue engineering with an emphasis on musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, MI 48109, USA
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24
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Williams C, Xie AW, Yamato M, Okano T, Wong JY. Stacking of aligned cell sheets for layer-by-layer control of complex tissue structure. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5625-32. [PMID: 21601276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Children suffering from congenital heart defects (CHD) often require vascular reconstruction. Pediatric patients would greatly benefit from a cell-based tissue engineered vascular patch (TEVP) that has potential for growth. As artery structure and function are intimately linked, mimicking native tissue organization is an important design consideration. In this study, we cultured human mesenchymal stem cell on patterned thermo-responsive substrates. Cell alignment improved over time up to 2 wk in culture when sheets were ready for harvest. We then used cell sheets as "functional units" to build complex tissue structures that mimic native vascular smooth muscle cell organization in the medial layer of the artery. Cell sheets could be stacked using a gelatin stamp such that individual sheets in the construct were well aligned with each other (mimic of circumferential orientation) or at angles with respect to each other (mimic of herringbone structure). Controlling tissue organization layer-by-layer will be a powerful approach to building tissues with well defined and complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corin Williams
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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25
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Weber B, Zeisberger SM, Hoerstrup SP. Prenatally harvested cells for cardiovascular tissue engineering: fabrication of autologous implants prior to birth. Placenta 2011; 32 Suppl 4:S316-9. [PMID: 21575988 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using the principal of tissue engineering, several groups have demonstrated the feasibility of creating heart valves, blood vessels, and myocardial structures using autologous cells and biodegradable scaffold materials. In the current cardiovascular clinical scenario, the main medical need for a tissue engineering solution is in the field of pediatric applications treating congenital heart disease. In these young patients, the introduction of autologous viable and growing replacement structures, such as tissue engineered heart valves and vessels, would substantially reduce today's severe therapeutic limitations, which are mainly due to the need for repeat reoperations to adapt the current artificial prostheses to somatic growth. Based on high resolution imaging techniques, an increasing number of defects are diagnosed already prior to birth around week 20. For interventions, cells should be obtained already during pregnancy to provide tissue engineered implants either at birth or even prenatally. In our recent studies human fetal mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from routinely sampled prenatal amniotic fluid or chorionic villus specimens and expanded in vitro. Fresh and cryopreserved samples were used. After phenotyping and genotyping, cells were seeded onto synthetic biodegradable scaffolds and conditioned in a bioreactor. Leaflets were endothelialized with either amniotic fluid- or umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells and conditioned. Resulting tissues were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry (amounts of extracellular matrix, DNA), mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were compared with native neonatal heart valve leaflets. Genotyping confirmed their fetal origin, and fresh versus cryopreserved cells showed comparable myofibroblast-like phenotypes. Neo-tissues exhibited organization, cell phenotypes, extracellular matrix production, and DNA content comparable to their native counterparts. Leaflet surfaces were covered with functional endothelia. SEM showed morphologically cellular distribution throughout the polymer and smooth surfaces. Mechanical profiles approximated those of native heart valves. These in vitro studies demonstrated the principal feasibility of using various human cell types isolated from fetal sources for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Umbilical cord blood-, amniotic fluid- and chorionic villi-derived cells have shown promising potential for the clinical realization of this congenital tissue engineering approach. Based on these results, future research must aim at further investigation as well as preclinical evaluation of prenatally harvested stem- or progenitor cells with regard to their potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weber
- Department of Surgical Research and Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Wulf K, Teske M, Löbler M, Luderer F, Schmitz KP, Sternberg K. Surface functionalization of poly(ε-caprolactone) improves its biocompatibility as scaffold material for bioartificial vessel prostheses. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 98:89-100. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Gassman AA, Kuprys T, Ucuzian AA, Brey E, Matsumura A, Pang Y, Larson J, Greisler HP. Three-dimensional 10% cyclic strain reduces bovine aortic endothelial cell angiogenic sprout length and augments tubulogenesis in tubular fibrin hydrogels. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:375-83. [PMID: 20718050 PMCID: PMC2990810 DOI: 10.1002/term.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of a functional microvasculature is critical to the long-term survival of implanted tissue-engineered constructs. Dynamic culture conditions have been shown to significantly modulate phenotypic characteristics and stimulate proliferation of cells within hydrogel-based tissue engineered blood vessels. Although prior work has described the effects uniaxial or equibiaxial mechanical stimulation has on endothelial cells, no work has outlined effects of three-dimensional mechanical stimulation on endothelial cells within tubular vessel analogues. We demonstrate here that 7 days of 10% cyclic volumetric distension has a deleterious effect on the average length and density of angiogenic sprouts derived from pellets of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Although both groups demonstrated lumen formation, the sprouts grown under dynamic culture conditions typically had wider, less-branching sprout patterns. These results suggest that prolonged mechanical stimulation could represent a cue for angiogenic sprouts to preferentially develop larger lumens over cellular migration and subsequent sprout length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gassman
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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28
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Buschmann J, Welti M, Hemmi S, Neuenschwander P, Baltes C, Giovanoli P, Rudin M, Calcagni M. Three-Dimensional Co-Cultures of Osteoblasts and Endothelial Cells in DegraPol Foam: Histological and High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analyses of Pre-Engineered Capillary Networks in Bone Grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:291-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, ZKF, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Welti
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, ZKF, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hemmi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, ZKF, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christof Baltes
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, ZKF, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, ZKF, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Tissue engineering on matrix: future of autologous tissue replacement. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33:307-15. [PMID: 21279358 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims at the creation of living neo-tissues identical or close to their native human counterparts. As basis of this approach, temporary biodegradable supporter matrices are fabricated in the shape of a desired construct, which promote tissue strength and provide functionality until sufficient neo-tissue is formed. Besides fully synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, decellularized biological tissue of xenogenic or homogenic origin can be used. In a second step, these scaffolds are seeded with autologous cells attaching to the scaffold microstructure. In order to promote neo-tissue formation and maturation, the seeded scaffolds are exposed to different forms of stimulation. In cardiovascular tissue engineering, this "conditioning" can be achieved via culture media and biomimetic in vitro exposure, e.g., using flow bioreactors. This aims at adequate cellular differentiation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production to form a living tissue called the construct. These living autologous constructs, such as heart valves or vascular grafts, are created in vitro, comprising a viable interstitium with repair and remodeling capabilities already prior to implantation. In situ further in vivo remodeling is intended to recapitulate physiological vascular architecture and function. The remodeling mechanisms were shown to be dominated by monocytic infiltration and chemotactic host-cell attraction leading into a multifaceted inflammatory process and neo-tissue formation. Key molecules of these processes can be integrated into the scaffold matrix to direct cell and tissue fate in vivo.
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30
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Reagan J, Foo T, Tracy Watson J, Jin W, Moed BR, Zhang Z. Distinct phenotypes and regenerative potentials of early endothelial progenitor cells and outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord blood. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:620-8. [PMID: 21774085 DOI: 10.1002/term.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The capability of postnatal neovascularization makes circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promising for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Using EPCs isolated from umbilical cord blood, this study aimed to clarify the transition of functional properties from early EPCs (e-EPCs) to outgrowth EPCs (og-EPCs) for potential applications in regenerative medicine. Mononuclear cells were collected from umbilical cord blood via density gradient centrifugation and further negatively selected by CD45. EPCs were sorted from mononuclear cells by the expression of CD34. e-EPCs (7 days of culture) and og-EPCs (3 weeks of culture) were characterized by morphology, intake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein, vessel-cord formation, cell surface phenotype and the expression of angiogenic genes. e-EPCs and og-EPCs were also compared for osteogenic differentiation under the stimulation of BMP-2. Chemotaxis by SDF-1 was compared among og-EPCs and the first- and second-day attached e-EPCs. Based on the expression of angiogenic genes, e-EPCs possessed few angiogenic properties in vitro and og-EPCs were angiogenic. e-EPCs, however, expressed significant CXCR4 and migrated toward the SDF-1 gradient. og-ECPs did not express CXCR4 and showed no response to SDF-1. During culture, gaining an angiogenic phenotype by og-EPCs is associated with the loss of homing potential. These contrast properties determine different potentials of e-EPCs and og-EPCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Reagan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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31
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Hjortnaes J, Gottlieb D, Figueiredo JL, Melero-Martin J, Kohler RH, Bischoff J, Weissleder R, Mayer JE, Aikawa E. Intravital molecular imaging of small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts in mice: a feasibility study. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:597-607. [PMID: 19751103 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Creating functional small-diameter tissue-engineered blood vessels has not been successful to date. Moreover, the processes underlying the in vivo remodeling of these grafts and the fate of cells seeded onto scaffolds remain unclear. Here we addressed these unmet scientific needs by using intravital molecular imaging to monitor the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) implanted in mouse carotid artery. METHODS AND RESULTS Green fluorescent protein-labeled human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells were seeded on polyglycolic acid-poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds to construct small-caliber TEVG that were subsequently implanted in the carotid artery position of nude mice (n = 9). Mice were injected with near-infrared agents and imaged using intravital fluorescence microscope at 0, 7, and 35 days to validate in vivo the TEVG remodeling capability (Prosense680; VisEn, Woburn, MA) and patency (Angiosense750; VisEn). Imaging coregistered strong proteolytic activity and blood flow through anastomoses at both 7 and 35 days postimplantation. In addition, image analyses showed green fluorescent protein signal produced from mesenchymal stem cell up to 35 days postimplantation. Comprehensive correlative histopathological analyses corroborated intravital imaging findings. CONCLUSIONS Multispectral imaging offers simultaneous characterization of in vivo remodeling enzyme activity, functionality, and cell fate of viable small-caliber TEVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Hjortnaes
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Wang L, Dormer NH, Bonewald LF, Detamore MS. Osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in polyglycolic acid scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:1937-48. [PMID: 20070186 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) have been shown to differentiate along an osteogenic lineage in monolayer culture, the potential of these cells has seldom before been investigated in three-dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. In this 6-week study, we observed osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs on polyglycolic acid (PGA) nonwoven mesh scaffolds, and compared seeding densities for potential use in bone tissue engineering. Cells were seeded into PGA meshes with densities of 5, 25, or 50 x 10(6) cells/mL scaffold and then cultured in osteogenic medium. Cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and matrix formation were evaluated at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Osteogenic differentiation was observed based on positive alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase of collagen production and calcium incorporation into the extracellular matrix, which increased with higher cell density. During differentiation, runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2), type I collagen (CI), and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression levels were also increased. In conclusion, exposed to osteogenic signals, hUCMSCs differentiated along an osteogenic lineage as determined by expression of osteogenic markers and matrix formation, and increasing the density of hUCMSCs seeded onto three-dimensional PGA scaffolds led to better osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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33
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Brown MA, Wallace CS, Angelos M, Truskey GA. Characterization of umbilical cord blood-derived late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells exposed to laminar shear stress. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 15:3575-87. [PMID: 19480571 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells isolated from umbilical cord blood (CB-EPCs) represent a promising source of endothelial cells for synthetic vascular grafts and tissue-engineered blood vessels since they are readily attainable, can be easily isolated, and possess a high proliferation potential. The objective of this study was to compare the functional behavior of late outgrowth CB-EPCs with human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). CB-EPCs and HAECs were cultured on either smooth muscle cells in a coculture model of a tissue-engineered blood vessels or fibronectin adsorbed to Teflon-AF-coated glass slides. Late outgrowth CB-EPCs expressed endothelial cell-specific markers and were negative for the monocytic marker CD14. CB-EPCs have higher proliferation rates than HAECs, but are slightly smaller in size. CB-EPCs remained adherent under supraphysiological shear stresses, oriented and elongated in the direction of flow, and expressed similar numbers of alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(v)beta(3) integrins and antithrombotic genes compared to HAECs. There were some differences in mRNA levels of E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 between CB-EPCs and HAECs; however, protein levels were similar on the two cell types, and CB-EPCs did not support adhesion of monocytes in the absence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation. Although CB-EPCs expressed significantly less endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein after exposure to flow than HAECs, nitric oxide levels induced by flow were not significantly different. These results suggest that late outgrowth CB-EPCs are functionally similar to HAECs under flow conditions and are a promising cell source for cardiovascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, USA
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34
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Fuchs S, Dohle E, Kolbe M, Kirkpatrick CJ. Outgrowth endothelial cells: sources, characteristics and potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 123:201-17. [PMID: 20182927 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood or cord blood are attracting increasing interest as a potential cell source for cellular therapies aiming to enhance the neovascularization of tissue engineered constructs or ischemic tissues. The present review focus on a specific population contained in endothelial progenitor cell cultures designated as outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC) or endothelial colony forming cells from peripheral blood or cord blood. Special attention will be paid to what is currently known in terms of the origin and the cell biological or functional characteristics of OEC. Furthermore, we will discuss current concepts, how OEC might be integrated in complex tissue engineered constructs based on biomaterial or co-cultures, with special emphasis on their potential application in bone tissue engineering and related vascularization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, Germany,
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35
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Tissue Engineering. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84882-513-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Zech NH, Broer N, Ribitsch I, Zech MH, Broer KH, Ertan K, Preisegger KH. The rationale behind collecting umbilical cord blood. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2010; 11:99-101. [PMID: 24591908 DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2010.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an increasingly important and rich source of stem cells. These cells can be used for the treatment of many diseases, including cancers and immune and genetic disorders. For patients for whom no suitable related donor is available, this source of hematopoietic stem cells offers substantial advantages, notably the relative ease of procurement, the absence of risk to the donor, the small likelihood of transmitting clinically important infections, the low risk of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the rapid availability of placental blood for transplantation centers. Even though almost 80 diseases are treatable with cord blood stem cells, 97 percent of cord blood is still disposed of after birth and lost for patients in need! To improve availability of stem cells to a broader community, efforts should be undertaken to collect cord blood and expectant parents should be properly informed of their options with regard to cord blood banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H Zech
- Ivf Centers Prof. Zech, Bregenz, Austria and Department For Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolas Broer
- Yale University School of Medicine, Usa, and Center For Reproductive Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Ribitsch
- Vivocell Biosolutions Gmbh, Graz, Austria and Langenfeld/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias H Zech
- Ivf Centers Prof. Zech, Bregenz, Austria and Department For Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Broer
- Vivocell Biosolutions Gmbh, Graz, Austria and Langenfeld/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kubilay Ertan
- Klinikum Leverkusen, Department of Obstretics and Gynecology, Leverkusen, Germany
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37
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Wang L, Seshareddy K, Weiss ML, Detamore MS. Effect of initial seeding density on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells for fibrocartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1009-17. [PMID: 18759671 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells derived from Wharton's jelly from human umbilical cords (called umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells herein) are a novel cell source for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. In this study, we examined the effects of different seeding densities on seeding efficiency, cell proliferation, biosynthesis, mechanical integrity, and chondrogenic differentiation. Cells were seeded on non-woven polyglycolic acid (PGA) meshes in an orbital shaker at densities of 5, 25, or 50 million cells/mL and then statically cultured for 4 weeks in chondrogenic medium. At week 0, initial seeding density did not affect seeding efficiency. Throughout the 4-week culture period, absolute cell numbers of the 25 and 50 million-cells/mL (higher density) groups were significantly larger than in the 5 million-cells/mL (lower density) group. The presence of collagen types I and II and aggrecan was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. Glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents per construct in the higher-density groups were significantly greater than in the lower-density group. Constructs in the high-density groups maintained their mechanical integrity, which was confirmed using unconfined compression testing. In conclusion, human umbilical cord cells demonstrated the potential for chondrogenic differentiation in three-dimensional tissue engineering, and higher seeding densities better promoted biosynthesis and mechanical integrity, and thus a seeding density of at least 25 million cells/mL is recommended for fibrocartilage tissue engineering with umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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38
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Stekelenburg M, Rutten MCM, Snoeckx LHEH, Baaijens FPT. Dynamic straining combined with fibrin gel cell seeding improves strength of tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1081-9. [PMID: 18831688 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering represents a promising approach for the development of living small-diameter vascular grafts that can be used for replacement therapy. The culture of strong human tissue-engineered (TE) vascular grafts has required long culture times, up to several months, whether or not combined with gene therapy. This article describes the culture of strong, genetically unmodified, human TE vascular grafts in 4 weeks Small-diameter vascular grafts were engineered using a fast-degrading polyglycolic acid scaffold coated with poly-4-hydroxybutyrate combined with fibrin gel and seeded with myofibroblasts isolated from discarded saphenous veins from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The TE grafts were subjected to dynamic strain conditions. After 28 d of in vitro culture, the grafts demonstrated burst pressures of 903 +/- 123 mmHg. Comparison with native vessels (intact human left internal mammary arteries (LIMAs) and saphenous veins) showed no significant differences in the amount of DNA, whereas the TE vessels contained approximately 50% of the native collagen content. In the physiological pressure range, up to 300 mmHg, the mechanical properties of the TE vessels were comparable to the LIMA. In this study, we showed that dynamic conditioning combined with fibrin gel cell seeding enhances the mechanical properties of small-diameter TE grafts. These grafts might provide a promising alternative to currently used vascular replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stekelenburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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39
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Daculsi R, Rémy-Zolghadri M, Grellier M, Conrad V, Fernandez P, Bareille R, Bordenave L. Signal Transduction and Procoagulant State of Human Cord Blood—Progenitor-Derived Endothelial Cells after Interleukin-1α Stimulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14:163-71. [PMID: 17578711 DOI: 10.1080/10623320701421602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of endothelial progenitors from human umbilical cord blood generated great hope in vascular tissue engineering. However, before clinical use, progenitor derived endothelial cells (PDECs) have to be compared with mature endothelial cells (ECs). The aim of this study was to explore the behavior of PDECs exposed to a proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1alpha; IL-1alpha) according to the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signal transduction pathways as well as procoagulant activity (PCA). CD34(+) mononuclear cells were isolated using magnetic beads, cultured, and compared with human saphenous vein ECs (HSVECs). PDECs express endothelial markers: CD31, VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor, KDR, and incorporate acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL). IL-1alpha similarly activates c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and p38 pathways in HSVECs and PDECs, whereas extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation is lower in PDECs than in HSVECs. Low ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PDECs was specific to IL-1alpha as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) similarly stimulated ERK1/2 pathway. With respect to inhibitor of NF-kappa B (Ikappa B) degradation, NF-kappa B translocation and phosphorylation, the NF-kappa B pathway is comparable in HSVECs and PDECs after stimulation. PCA and tissue factor level induced by IL-1alpha are lower in PDECs than in HSVECs. Thus, our data show that PDECs display the characteristics of functional mature ECs under IL-1alpha stimulation. However, we observed significant differences between PDECs and HSVECs related to both ERK1/2 pathway activation and tissue factor production.
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40
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Klima U, Kofidis T. The Ideal Graft of the Future: A Prospect of Messianic Proportions? Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2009; 17:238-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0218492309104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Klima
- National University Hospital, Singapore
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41
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Bérard X, Rémy-Zolghadri M, Bourget C, Turner N, Bareille R, Daculsi R, Bordenave L. Capability of human umbilical cord blood progenitor-derived endothelial cells to form an efficient lining on a polyester vascular graft in vitro. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1147-57. [PMID: 18996071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the goals of vascular tissue engineering is to create functional conduits for small-diameter bypass grafting. The present biocompatibility study was undertaken to check the ability of cord blood progenitor-derived endothelial cells (PDECs) to take the place of endothelial cells in vascular tissue engineering. After isolation, culture and characterization of endothelial progenitor cells, the following parameters were explored, with a commercial knitted polyester prosthesis (Polymaille C, Laboratoires Pérouse, France) impregnated with collagen: cell adhesion and proliferation, colonization, cell retention on exposure to flow, and the ability of PDECs to be regulated by arterial shear stress via mRNA levels. PDECs were able to adhere to commercial collagen-coated vascular grafts in serum-free conditions, and were maintained but did not proliferate when seeded at 2.0 x 10(5) cm(-2). Cellularized conduits were analyzed by histology and histochemical staining, demonstrating collagen impregnation and the endothelial characteristics of the colonizing cells. Thirty-six hours after cell seeding the grafts were maintained for 6 h of either static conditions (controls) or application of pulsatile laminar shear stress, which restored the integrity of the monolayer. Finally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis performed at 4 and 8 h from cells lining grafts showed that MMP1 mRNA only was increased at 4h whereas vWF, VE-cadherin and KDR were not significantly modified at 4 and 8 h. Our results show that human cord blood PDECs are capable of forming an efficient lining and to withstand shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bérard
- INSERM, U577, Bordeaux and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, UMR-577, Bordeaux F-33076, France
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42
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Flaibani M, Luni C, Sbalchiero E, Elvassore N. Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis of muscle precursor cells cultured within 3D scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:286-95. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Ringel I, Lecht S, Sterin M, Lelkes PI, Lazarovici P. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of endothelial cells grown in three-dimensional matrigel constructs as an enabling platform technology: II. The effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on phosphometabolite levels. ENDOTHELIUM : JOURNAL OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL RESEARCH 2008; 15:299-307. [PMID: 19065321 DOI: 10.1080/10623320802487874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the accompanying study, the authors presented phosphometabolite patterns of endothelial cells grown under three-dimensional (3D) conditions using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Here the authors describe the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), using this enabling platform technology, which is relevant for evaluating drug effects in tissue-engineered endothelial constructs. Treatment with indomethacin significantly changed the phosphometabolite fingerprint in this endothelial model, by, respectively, increasing (81%) and decreasing (42%) glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and phosphomonoesters (PM). Furthermore, a safer approach using a NSAID prodrug was also demonstrated in this study with a indomethacin phospholipid-derived prodrug (DP-155). Like the parental drug, DP-155 increased and decreased the levels of GPC and PM by 100% and 20%, respectively. These changes represent useful biomarkers to monitor NSAID effects on endothelized tissue-engineered constructs for the purpose of controlling endothelial cell survival and inflammation upon implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ringel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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44
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A comparison of the tube forming potentials of early and late endothelial progenitor cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:430-40. [PMID: 18083163 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has revolutionized approaches to cell-based therapy for injured and ischemic tissues. However, the mechanisms by which EPCs promote the formation of new vessels remain unclear. In this study, we obtained early EPCs from human peripheral blood and late EPCs from umbilical cord blood. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also used. Cells were evaluated for their tube-forming potential using our novel in vitro assay system. Cells were seeded linearly along a 60 mum wide path generated by photolithographic methods. After cells had established a linear pattern on the substrate, they were transferred onto Matrigel. Late EPCs formed tubular structures similar to those of HUVECs, whereas early EPCs randomly migrated and failed to form tubular structures. Moreover, late EPCs participate in tubule formation with HUVECs. Interestingly, late EPCs in Matrigel migrated toward pre-existing tubular structures constructed by HUVECs, after which they were incorporated into the tubules. In contrast, early EPCs promote sprouting of HUVECs from tubular structures. The phenomena were also observed in the in vivo model. These observations suggest that early EPCs cause the disorganization of pre-existing vessels, whereas late EPCs constitute and orchestrate vascular tube formation.
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45
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McFetridge PS, Abe K, Horrocks M, Chaudhuri JB. Vascular Tissue Engineering: Bioreactor Design Considerations for Extended Culture of Primary Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ASAIO J 2007; 53:623-30. [PMID: 17885337 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e31812f3b7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of mechanical stimulation on cell populations not only helps maintain the specific cellular phenotype but also plays a significant role during differentiation and maturation of plastic cells. This is particularly true of tissue-engineered vascular tissue, where in vivo shear forces at the blood interface help maintain the function of the endothelium. Considerable effort has gone into the design and implementation of functional bioreactors that mimic the chemical and mechanical forces associated with the in vivo environment. Using a decellularized ex vivo porcine carotid artery as a model scaffold, we describe a number of important design criteria used to develop a vascular perfusion bioreactor and its supporting process-flow. The results of a comparative analysis of primary human vascular smooth muscle cells cultured under traditional"static conditions" and "dynamic loading" are described, where the expression of MMP-2 and 9 and cathepsin-L were assessed. Continued design improvements to perfusion bioreactors may improve cellular interactions, leading to constructs with improved biological function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bioreactors
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Cathepsin L
- Cathepsins/metabolism
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Equipment Design
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Perfusion
- Pulsatile Flow
- Rhodamines
- Swine
- Time Factors
- Tissue Engineering/instrumentation
- Tissue Engineering/methods
- Transducers, Pressure
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S McFetridge
- School of Chemical Biological and Materials Engineering and the University of Oklahoma Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-1004, USA
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46
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Petersen T, Niklason L. Cellular lifespan and regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3751-6. [PMID: 17574669 PMCID: PMC2706083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising approach to aid in the treatment of a wide range of clinical disorders by developing replacement tissues for damaged or diseased organs. Such approaches, however, will require large and functional cell populations in order to produce a tissue that can replicate in vivo function. Most adult cells have limited replicative potential that limits their use in tissue engineering applications. Thus, cell populations with expanded lifespan or increased replicative potential are of interest. Stem cell-derived populations may allow the creation of large cell populations that have increased replicative potential over adult differentiated cells. In addition, ectopic human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and induced B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) expression can allow adult cells to proliferate more extensively than unaltered cells. However, concerns for malignant transformation exist with telomerase and bcl-2 approaches. The current states of research in these areas are reviewed as they relate to tissue engineering and the cellular lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 136 Hudson Hall, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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