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E H, Yang C, Zhang L, Xia L, Xu L, Song N, Hu X, Zhu Y, Chen C, Zhao D. Perioperative outcomes comparison of robotic and video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for thymic epithelial tumor: a single-center experience. Updates Surg 2024; 76:1511-1519. [PMID: 38060172 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) has completely revolutionized the modality of thymectomy, which could reportedly achieve equivalent efficacy compared with a minimally invasive approach. This study was conducted to further compare the perioperative outcomes between these two modalities. METHODS A retrospective single-center study that included patients receiving either a robotic or video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) thymectomy between February 2021 and January 2023 was conducted. All the patients were pathologically confirmed with thymic epithelial tumors. Clinical and pathological characteristics and perioperative outcomes were collected and compared between these two cohorts. RESULTS A total of 190 patients were included in this study, with 61 (32.1%) and 129 (67.9%) receiving robotic and video-assisted thymectomy, respectively. The clinicopathological characteristics were not significantly different between these 2 groups. The size of the resected specimens in the RATS cohort was larger than the VATS cohort [median (IQR), 13.0 (8.0-16.0) vs. 9.0 (6.7-12.0) cm, p < 0.001], while the procedural duration was longer for the RATS group than its counterpart [median (IQR), 105 (85-143) vs. 85 (69-115) min, p = 0.001]. Moreover, no other significant difference was observed between these two groups. Since more than half of the robotic thymectomy was performed using a subxiphoid approach, a subgroup analysis was further conducted. Similarly, the robotic group through a subxiphoid approach harbored a longer procedural duration, and the size of the specimens obtained was larger than the VATS group [median (IQR), 14.0 (11.0-16.5) vs. 12.5 (8.5-15.0) cm, p = 0.061]. CONCLUSIONS The early clinical efficacy of robotic thymectomy was proven comparable to the established VATS approach, and such a modality might have strength when obtaining larger specimens, which could contribute to improving long-term efficacy. Despite the longer procedural duration recorded in the early stage of conducting robotic thymectomy, further accumulation would help decrease the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran E
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Lang Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yuming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Deping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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Comacchio GM, Schiavon M, Zirafa CC, De Palma A, Scaramuzzi R, Meacci E, Bongiolatti S, Monaci N, Lyberis P, Novellis P, Brandolini J, Parini S, Ricciardi S, D'Andrilli A, Bottoni E, Gallina FT, Marino MC, Lorenzoni G, Francavilla A, Rendina EA, Cardillo G, Rena O, Solli P, Alloisio M, Luzzi L, Facciolo F, Voltolini L, Margaritora S, Curcio C, Marulli G, Ruffini E, Veronesi G, Melfi F, Rea F. Robotic thymectomy in thymic tumours: a multicentre, nation-wide study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezae178. [PMID: 38663851 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Robotic thymectomy has been suggested and considered technically feasible for thymic tumours. However, because of small-sample series and the lack of data on long-term results, controversies still exist on surgical and oncological results with this approach. We performed a large national multicentre study sought to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes after robot-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy in thymic epithelial tumours. METHODS All patients with thymic epithelial tumours operated through a robotic thoracoscopic approach between 2002 and 2022 from 15 Italian centres were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, clinical, intraoperative, postoperative, pathological and follow-up data were retrospectively collected and reviewed. RESULTS There were 669 patients (307 men and 362 women), 312 (46.6%) of whom had associated myasthenia gravis. Complete thymectomy was performed in 657 (98%) cases and in 57 (8.5%) patients resection of other structures was necessary, with a R0 resection in all but 9 patients (98.6%). Twenty-three patients (3.4%) needed open conversion, but no perioperative mortality occurred. Fifty-one patients (7.7%) had postoperative complications. The median diameter of tumour resected was 4 cm (interquartile range 3-5.5 cm), and Masaoka stage was stage I in 39.8% of patients, stage II in 56.1%, stage III in 3.5% and stage IV in 0.6%. Thymoma was observed in 90.2% of patients while thymic carcinoma occurred in 2.8% of cases. At the end of the follow-up, only 2 patients died for tumour-related causes. Five- and ten-year recurrence rates were 7.4% and 8.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Through the largest collection of robotic thymectomy for thymic epithelial tumours we demonstrated that robot-enhanced thoracoscopic thymectomy is a technically sound and safe procedure with a low complication rate and optimal oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maria Comacchio
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carmelina Cristina Zirafa
- Robotic Multispecialty Centre for Surgery, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela De Palma
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Meacci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bongiolatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Thoracic Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Monaci
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paraskevas Lyberis
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Novellis
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jury Brandolini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Parini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ricciardi
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Andrilli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bottoni
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carlotta Marino
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Francavilla
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erino Angelo Rendina
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cardillo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Unicamillus, International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavio Rena
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Solli
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Luzzi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Facciolo
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Voltolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Thoracic Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Margaritora
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Curcio
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marulli
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Thoracic Surgery, Humanitas University, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ruffini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Melfi
- Robotic Multispecialty Centre for Surgery, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Wang J, Tong T, Zhang K, Guo H, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang H, Li Q, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Clinical study of thoracoscopic assisted different surgical approaches for early thymoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38233754 PMCID: PMC10795346 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The efficacy and safety of subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy (SVATS) for early thymoma are unknown. The purposes of this meta-analysis were to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SVATS for early thymoma, to compare it with unilateral intercostal approach video thoracoscopic surgery (IVATS) thymectomy, and to investigate the clinical efficacy of modified subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy (MSVATS) for early anterior mediastinal thymoma. METHODS Original articles describing subxiphoid and unilateral intercostal approaches for thoracoscopic thymectomy to treat early thymoma published up to March 2023 were searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and analyzed for heterogeneity. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from all Masaoka stage I and II thymoma patients who underwent modified subxiphoid and unilateral intercostal approach thoracoscopic thymectomies between September 2020 and March 2023. The operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, extubation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative visual analog pain score (VAS), and postoperative complications were compared, and the clinical advantages of the modified subxiphoid approach for early-stage anterior mediastinal thymoma were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1607 cases were included in the seven studies in this paper. Of these, 591 cases underwent SVATS thymectomies, and 1016 cases underwent IVATS thymectomies. SVATS thymectomy was compared with IVATS thymectomy in terms of age (SMD = - 0.09, 95% CI: -0.20 to - 0.03, I2 = 20%, p = 0.13), body mass index (BMI; SMD = - 0.10, 95% CI: -0.21 to - 0.01, I2 = 0%, p = 0.08), thymoma size (SMD = - 0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, I2 = 0%, p = 0.08), operative time (SMD = - 0.70, 95% CI: -1.43-0.03, I2 = 97%, p = 0.06), intraoperative bleeding (SMD = - 0.30. 95% CI: -0.66-0.06, I2 = 89%, p = 0.10), time to extubation (SMD = - 0.34, 95%CI: -0.73-0.05, I2 = 91%, p = 0.09), postoperative hospital stay (SMD = - 0.40, 95% CI: -0.93-0.12, I2 = 93%, p = 0.13), and postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.42-2.12, I2 = 57%, p = 0.88), which were not statistically significantly different between the SVATS and IVATS groups. However, the postoperative drainage in the SVATS group was less than that in the IVATS group (SMD = - 0.43, 95%CI: -0.84 to - 0.02, I2 = 88%, p = 0.04), and the difference was statistically significant. More importantly, the postoperative VAS was lower in the SVATS group on days 1 (SMD = - 1.73, 95%CI: -2.27 to - 1.19, I2 = 93%, p < 0.00001), 3 (SMD = - 1.88, 95%CI: -2.84 to - 0.81, I2 = 97%, p = 0.0005), and 7 (SMD = - 1.18, 95%CI: -2.28 to - 0.08, I2 = 97%, p = 0.04) than in the IVATS group, and these differences were statistically significant. A total of 117 patients undergoing thoracoscopic thymectomy for early thymoma in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University were retrospectively collected and included in the analysis, for which a modified subxiphoid approach was used in 42 cases and a unilateral intercostal approach was used in 75 cases. The differences between the two groups (MSVATS vs. IVATS) in general clinical characteristics such as age, sex, tumor diameter, Masaoka stage, Word Health Organization (WHO) stage, and intraoperative and postoperative conditions, including operative time, postoperative drainage, extubation time, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complication rates, were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), while BMI, intraoperative bleeding, and VAS on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 were all statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the MSVATS group compared with the IVATS group. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis showed that the conventional subxiphoid approach was superior in terms of postoperative drainage and postoperative VAS pain scores compared with the unilateral intercostal approach. Moreover, the modified subxiphoid approach had significant advantages in intraoperative bleeding and postoperative VAS pain scores compared with the unilateral intercostal approach. These results indicate that MSVATS can provide more convenient operation conditions, a better pleural cavity view, and a more complete thymectomy in the treatment of early thymoma, indicating that is a safe and feasible minimally invasive surgical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ti Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Kun Zhang, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130041, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haiping Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Quanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenxiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yinghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.
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Mastromarino MG, Bacchin D, Aprile V, Ceccarelli I, Korasidis S, Lenzini A, Ambrogi MC, Lucchi M. Unradical Surgery for Locally-Advanced Thymoma: Is it time to evolve Perspectives? Lung Cancer 2023; 180:107214. [PMID: 37104878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly-one-third of thymomas are locally-advanced at diagnosis. The traditional dogma that surgery is justified in case a complete resection can be achieved has remained unmovable until today. This study aimed to investigate feasibility and oncologic efficacy of incomplete resection for locally-advanced thymomas in a contest of multimodality therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using data of prospectively maintained thymomas database in a single high-volume centre. Data on 285 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for stage III and IVa thymomas between 1995 and 2019 were reviewed. Patients who underwent incomplete resection with curative-intent (removal of at least 90% of tumour burden) were included. Long-term outcomes and predictors of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Secondary endpoint was to assess adjuvant therapy efficacy. RESULTS The study included 79 patients, 60 with microscopic residual tumour (76%, R1) and 19 with macroscopic residual disease (24%, R2). Masaoka-Koga stage was: III in 41 patients (52%) and IVa in 38 (48%). Histology was B2-thymomas (n = 31, 39.2%) followed by B3 (n = 27, 34.2%). Five- and 10-years CSS was 88% and 80%. Seventy patients (90%) underwent adjuvant treatment; they showed CSS comparable to radical resected patients (5-years: 89.1% vs 98.9%, respectively; 10-years: 81.8% vs 92.7%, respectively, p = 0.43). The site of residual disease, Masaoka-Koga stage and WHO histology did not affect prognosis. Stepwise multivariable analysis confirmed adjuvant therapy as a favourable CSS prognostic factor (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.79, p = 0.003). Stratifying by subgroups, R2-patients who received postoperative chemo(radio)therapy (pCRT) showed a significantly better prognosis than R2-patients treated by consolidation radiotherapy alone (10-years CSS: 60%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In locally-advanced thymomas, whenever a radical surgery cannot be achieved, incomplete resection has proved to be effective in a contest of multimodality strategy, independently of WHO histology, Masaoka-Koga stage and site of residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Mastromarino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Diana Bacchin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Vittorio Aprile
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ceccarelli
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Stylianos Korasidis
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lenzini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Marcello Carlo Ambrogi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Marco Lucchi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department; Pisa University Hospital, via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
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Subxiphoid and subcostal arch versus unilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery approaches to thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Surg Today 2023; 53:12-21. [PMID: 35776206 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-022-02533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thymectomy is an important treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG). We conducted this study to compare the clinical outcomes of the recently introduced subxiphoid and subcostal arch thymectomy (SASAT) approach with those of the standard unilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). METHODS We analyzed, retrospectively, the perioperative, and long-term outcomes of 179 consecutive MG patients (age 18-65 years), who underwent SASAT or unilateral VATS-extended thymectomy between July, 2012 and May, 2019. RESULTS All demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable in the two groups. The median surgical time, estimated blood loss, thoracotomy conversion rate, total and chest drainage, and complications did not differ significantly between the groups. The visual analog scale (VAS) score was significantly lower in the SASAT group. Complete stable remission (CSR) was achieved in a significantly larger proportion of the SASAT group patients and was significantly higher in women than in men. The Quantitative MG score was significantly lower in the SASAT group. Patients in the MG Foundation of America Clinical Classification groups I and II achieved better remission rates than those in groups III-V. CONCLUSIONS SASAT is a safe and feasible MG treatment, which may yield better outcomes than unilateral VATS and improve the quality of treatment.
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Rodriguez M, Milla L, Wee JO. The role of minimally invasive surgery in the management of giant mediastinal tumors: a narrative review. MEDIASTINUM (HONG KONG, CHINA) 2022; 6:37. [PMID: 36582972 PMCID: PMC9792823 DOI: 10.21037/med-21-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Beyond diagnosis, minimally invasive surgery has traditionally not been considered suitable for large tumors, those invading vital structures or high-risk patients. However, with the improvement of multimodality treatments able to reduce tumor size preoperatively, patient evaluation and selection, perioperative care (including both surgical and anesthesiological techniques) and postoperative management, the indications of minimally invasive surgery, even in giant mediastinal tumors, have increased and will continue to broaden in future years. This review aims to summarize the existing literature regarding the role of minimally invasive surgery in the management of giant mediastinal tumors. We have focused in the role minimally invasive surgery has in diagnosis and treatment of these tumors and we have tried to provide an updated perspective to identify future applications and work-directions. METHODS Data regarding minimally invasive surgery in giant mediastinal tumors are limited, including a proper definition of them. We performed a PubMed search of English and Spanish written studies until August 2021. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS There is limited data related to minimally invasive surgery in giant mediastinal tumors and much of the literature review we have performed has yielded isolated case reports, case series with a low number of cases or editorials. Although the role of minimally invasive surgery is well consolidated as a diagnostic approach, adequate patient selection, hospital volume and experience, multidisciplinary discussion of candidates, patient safety and adequate oncological resection remain the most important aspects to be taken into account when considering a minimally invasive approach for a giant mediastinal tumor. CONCLUSIONS With careful and multidisciplinary perioperative planning, minimally invasive surgery has shown to be safe and to provide at least similar outcomes when compared to open approaches in well selected cases. Although data is still limited, improved surgical techniques and available technology will pave the way to increased indications of minimally invasive surgery in giant mediastinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Milla
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon O. Wee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Xu H, Liu F, Liang Y, Wang L. Giant thymoma with myasthenia gravis: A case report. Asian J Surg 2022; 46:1771-1772. [PMID: 36307265 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kas J, Bogyó L, Fehér C, Ghimessy Á, Gieszer B, Karskó L, Kecskés L, Lungu V, Mészáros L, Pataki Á, Radetzky P, Szegedi R, Tallósy B, Török K, Vágvölgyi A, Fillinger J, Harkó T, Soltész I, Tóth E, Rózsa C, Elek J, Ganovszky E, Agócs L, Rényi-Vámos F, Kocsis Á. Unilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic thymoma resection – Indications, early and mid-term results. Magy Seb 2022; 75:79-95. [PMID: 35895535 DOI: 10.1556/1046.2022.20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Thymoma is the most common tumour of the anterior mediastinum. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery technique of thymoma resection is spreading world-wide, but the thoracoscopic method is still contentious in many ways. Authors evaluate the early and mid-term results of a 17 years period of VATS unilateral approach at 2 Hungarian thoracic surgical centers. Method. Depending on the anatomical situation of the thymoma, we performed thymectomy, or partial thymectomy (thymomectomy) for the Masaoka–Koga I–II–III stage thymoma from the right or left side through 2 or 3 intercostal ports. We managed the operations with ultrasonic dissector and electrocauter. By using international standards we evaluated perioperative morbidity, mid-term oncological results and clinical symptoms of myasthenia. Results. 23 of the 54 patients were man, 31 were woman, the average age was 58 (26–79) years, 23 of them had myasthenia. The conversion rate was 11,5% (7/61). The average operation time was 84 (39–150) minutes. The average hospitalisation time was 5.5 (3–19) days. The average size of the thymomas was 46 (18–90) mm. The histology resulted thymoma type A in 2 cases, AB in 19 cases, B1/2/3 in 11/11/1 cases, mixed B in 10 cases. The examination of the resection line was R0/1/2 in 42/11/1 cases. The Masaoka–Koga stages were: I (17), IIA (28), IIB (2), III (7). There was 25 thymomectomies, and 29 thymectomies. In seven cases there were extension of the operation to the pericardium (2), to the lung (2), to the phrenic nerve (6), and to innominate vein (1). The in-hospital mortality over 30 day was in 1 case (1.85%). The morbidity was 11/54 (20.4%). The average follow-up time was 62.56 (5–198) months. In the group with myasthenia the effectivity of the operation was 18/21 (85.7%), including complete remission of 5/21 (23.8%). Post-thymectomy myasthenia gravis developed in 2/31 cases (6.5%). The average 5 years survival was 100%, tumour-free 5 years survival was 96%. Conclusions. The higher proportion of the thymomectomy in the early results, higher conversion rate and lower R0 proportion might be in connection with the attitude of the surgeons, with the learning curve and with the limitations of the unilateral method. After a longer follow-up time late results may become more real and comparable. Instead of unilateral VATS technique we have changed to the subxyphoideal approach of VATS because of its better visualisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Kas
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - Levente Bogyó
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Csaba Fehér
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - Áron Ghimessy
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Balázs Gieszer
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Luca Karskó
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - Lóránt Kecskés
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - Viktor Lungu
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - László Mészáros
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Ágoston Pataki
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - Péter Radetzky
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Róbert Szegedi
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - Bernadett Tallósy
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Klári Török
- 2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Attila Vágvölgyi
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos)
| | - János Fillinger
- 3 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet, Patológia, Budapest, Magyarország (osztályvezető: dr. Fillinger János)
| | - Tünde Harkó
- 3 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet, Patológia, Budapest, Magyarország (osztályvezető: dr. Fillinger János)
| | - Ibolya Soltész
- 3 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet, Patológia, Budapest, Magyarország (osztályvezető: dr. Fillinger János)
| | - Erika Tóth
- 4 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Daganatpatológiai Központ (központvezető: dr. Szőke János, osztályvezető: dr. Tóth Erika)
| | - Csilla Rózsa
- 5 Jahn Ferenc Dél-pesti Kórház és Rendelőintézet, Budapest, Magyarország (főigazgató: dr. Ralovich Zsolt), Neurológia (osztályvezető: dr. Rózsa Csilla)
| | - Jenő Elek
- 6 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet, AITO, Budapest, Magyarország (osztályvezető: dr. Elek Jenő).,7 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, AITO, Budapest, Magyarország (osztályvezető: dr. Elek Jenő)
| | - Erna Ganovszky
- 8 Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Gyógyszerterápiás Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Géczi Lajos, osztályvezető: dr. Rubovszky Gábor László)
| | - László Agócs
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos).,2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Ferenc Rényi-Vámos
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos).,2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
| | - Ákos Kocsis
- 1 Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Bogos Krisztina), SE ÁOK Mellkassebészeti Klinika, Mellkassebészeti Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc, osztályvezető: dr. Kocsis Ákos).,2 Országos Onkológiai Intézet (főigazgató: dr. Polgár Csaba) Mellkasi Központ, Budapest, Magyarország (központ- és osztályvezető: dr. Rényi-Vámos Ferenc)
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9
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Voulaz E, Perroni G, Russo A, Patirelis A, Mangiameli G, Alloisio M, Ambrogi V. Thymomectomy versus complete thymectomy in early-stage non-myasthenic thymomas: a multicentric propensity score-matched study. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 35:6611721. [PMID: 35723542 PMCID: PMC9240760 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Voulaz
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery , Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University , Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perroni
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic , Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Russo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic , Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandro Patirelis
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic , Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mangiameli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery , Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University , Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery , Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University , Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ambrogi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tor Vergata University Polyclinic , Rome, Italy
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10
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Wang H, Wang M, Xin N, Wei R, Huang K. Effect Evaluation of Subxiphoid and Intercostal Thymectomy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Front Surg 2022; 9:925003. [PMID: 35711706 PMCID: PMC9195178 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.925003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It still remains unclear whether subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SVATS) thymectomy is safe and reasonable. This meta-analysis aims at assessing the effectiveness and safety of SVATS for thymoma in comparison with that of intercostal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IVATS) thymectomy. Methods All the relevant data systematically analyzed in this thesis were retrieved from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, web of science, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The time span for data retrieval was from the date of database establishment to March 2022. The outcome indicators include operation time, intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital days, visual analogue scale (VAS) score on the day of operation, VAS score on postoperative day 3, and VAS score on postoperative day 7; postoperative complications were analyzed in our meta-analysis. Results In 13 studies of this paper, there were 1,198 cases included. Among them, 563 cases were treated by SVATS thymectomy and 635 cases by IVATS thymectomy. There was no significant difference in the operation time [113.38 vs. 119.91 min, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.70-0.15, p = 0.20) and the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.58-1.15, p = 0.25) between SVATS thymectomy and IVATS thymectomy. However, SVATS thymectomy significantly reduced the amount of intraoperative blood loss (47.68 vs. 66.69 mL, SMD = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.95 to -0.18, p = 0.004), postoperative drainage days (2.12 vs. 2.72 days, SMD = -0.46, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.18, p = 0.001), postoperative hospital stays (4.53 vs. 5.91 days, SMD = -0.64, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.31, p = 0.0001), and VAS scores after the operation. Discussion SVATS thymectomy is safe and feasible, and the perioperative effect is better than IVATS thymectomy to a certain extent, which is worthy of popularization and further research.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqiang Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Su KW, Luketich JD, Sarkaria IS. Robotic Assisted Minimally Invasive Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis with Thymoma. JTCVS Tech 2022; 13:270-274. [PMID: 35711186 PMCID: PMC9196941 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inderpal S. Sarkaria
- Address for reprints: Inderpal S. Sarkaria, MD, Shadyside Medical Building, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite 715, Pittsburgh, PA 15232.
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12
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Remon J, Bernabé R, Diz P, Felip E, González-Larriba JL, Lázaro M, Mielgo-Rubio X, Sánchez A, Sullivan I, Massutti B. SEOM-GECP-GETTHI Clinical Guidelines for the treatment of patients with thymic epithelial tumours (2021). Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:635-645. [PMID: 35122634 PMCID: PMC8817662 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumours (TET) represent a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that include thymomas and thymic carcinoma. Treatment of TET is based on the resectability of the tumour. If this is considered achievable upfront, surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard regimen for advanced TET. Due to the rarity of this disease, treatment decisions should be discussed in specific multidisciplinary tumour boards, and there are few prospective clinical studies with new strategies. However, several pathways involved in TET have been explored as potential targets for new therapies in previously treated patients, such as multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors with antiangiogenic properties and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). One third of patient with thymoma present an autoimmune disorders, increasing the risk of immune-related adverse events and autoimmune flares under ICIs. In these guidelines, we summarize the current evidence for the therapeutic approach in patients with TET and define levels of evidence for these decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Remon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (HM-CIOCC), Hospital HM Nou Delfos, HM Hospitales, Avinguda de Vallcarca, 151, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. Bernabé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - P. Diz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - E. Felip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. L. González-Larriba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Lázaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - X. Mielgo-Rubio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Sánchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - I. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Massutti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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13
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Galata C, Porubsky S, Dohle DS, Karampinis I, Stamenovic D, Roessner ED. Open redo thymectomy for a large recurrent thymoma in a patient with myasthenia gravis: a case report. MEDIASTINUM (HONG KONG, CHINA) 2022; 6:8. [PMID: 35340829 PMCID: PMC8841549 DOI: 10.21037/med-21-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thoracoscopic and robotic approaches are becoming increasingly popular for thymoma surgery. Yet open thymectomy must still be mastered today, as it may be the only viable option in challenging cases. In this study, we report a case of an extended local recurrence of myasthenia gravis associated thymoma and a history of previous sternotomy. The mediastinal mass infiltrated the left upper lobe of the lung, the pericardium, and presumably the aortic arch. Although the standard for thymoma resection at our institution is the robotic approach, we performed primary open redo thymectomy in standby of cardiopulmonary bypass in this case. Intraoperatively, bleeding from the aortic arch occurred, which was promptly controlled due to the open approach and due to immediate availability of cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient was transferred to the normal ward on the first postoperative day, was treated according to fast-track principles and recovered well. The pathology revealed a WHO B2:B1 thymoma with negative resection margins. Thymectomy is recommended as the principal treatment for thymoma and is also advised in the case of recurrence. However, there is no evidence regarding the optimal surgical approach. Our case indicates that in the era of minimally invasive thymectomy, the decision to conduct open surgery is wise when the risk of serious bleeding is anticipated or adherence to oncologic principles is challenged by tumor size or growth pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Galata
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Academic Thoracic Center Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Porubsky
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Sebastian Dohle
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioannis Karampinis
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Academic Thoracic Center Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Davor Stamenovic
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Academic Thoracic Center Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eric Dominic Roessner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Academic Thoracic Center Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Zhou D, Liu QX, Zheng H, Lu X, Dai JG. Postoperative radiotherapy for completely resected thymoma: Differing roles in masaoka stage II and stage III disease. Asian J Surg 2022; 45:2670-2675. [PMID: 35227565 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of radiotherapy for treating thymomas is unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among thymoma patients to determine the impact of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on thymoma outcomes. METHODS Recorded cases of thymoma at Xinqiao Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from 1991 to 2019. Data on stage II and III thymomas were extracted from medical records. This study evaluated OS and DFS and compared outcomes between surgery and surgery-plus-radiation groups. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to compare DFS and OS for these groups. RESULTS Of the 205 patients included in the current study, 142 (69.3%) presented with stage II disease and 63 (30.7%) presented with stage III disease. The median follow-up was 84.3 months. PORT did not statistically significantly improve OS (P = 0.613) and DFS (P = 0.445) in stage II thymoma patients (compared with surgery alone). However, our subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant difference in DFS in patients with stage III thymoma (P = 0.044). CONCLUSION Although the routine use of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with thymoma does not appear warranted, patients with stage III thymoma may benefit from adjuvant radiation. These findings, if confirmed, will provide valuable information to guide medical decision-making for thymoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Yu L, Ke J. Pathological Features and Prognosis of Thymoma With or Without Myasthenia Gravis. Front Surg 2022; 9:726673. [PMID: 35252321 PMCID: PMC8894593 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.726673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the different pathological and clinical characters of thymoma with and without myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine whether the presence of MG influences the prognosis in patients with thymoma. METHODS Four hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients operated was analyzed. A median sternotomy was used in 189 cases, and video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy was used in 236 cases. These patients with thymoma were subdivided into two groups: thymoma with myasthenia gravis MG (n = 220) and thymoma without MG (n = 205). All thymic epithelial tumors were classified according to the WHO histologic classification and the Masaoka clinical staging system. The result was evaluated according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America's criterion. The clinical features of the 2 test were compared between the two groups, and the survival analysis of Cox treatment effects was compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were no perioperative deaths. The proportions of type A and thymic carcinoma were 0% in the group with MG and 10.7% (22/205) and 11.2% (23/205), respectively, in the group without MG. Thymic hyperplasia around the thymoma was 29.1% (64/220) in patients with MG and only 6.3% (13/205) in patients without MG (χ2 = 23.63, P = 0.000). The overall survival curve showed that the 5- and 10-year survival rates in the group without MG were 89.2 and 77.4%, respectively, while those in the MG group were 91.1 and 80.5%. CONCLUSIONS The existence of MG has little influence on the prognosis of thymomas, but it is suitable for early diagnosis and treatment. Extended thymectomy should be performed on all patients with thymoma, whether they have MG or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Gokce A, Hatipoglu M, Kandemir NO, Akkas Y. A rare tumour of the mediastinum: follicular thyroid adenoma. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2022; 83:1-3. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2021.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Gokce
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Hatipoglu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer O Kandemir
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yucel Akkas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Song N, Li Q, Aramini B, Xu X, Zhu Y, Jiang G, Wang X, Fan J. Double sternal elevation subxiphoid versus uniportal thoracoscopic thymectomy associated with superior clearance for stage I–II thymic epithelial tumors: Subxiphoid thymectomy compared with VATS. Surgery 2022; 172:371-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6571693. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Basse C, Girard N. Thymic tumours and their special features. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/162/200394. [PMID: 34670805 PMCID: PMC9488894 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0394-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic tumours are rare thoracic malignancies, that may be aggressive and difficult to treat. The pillars of the management include pathological review, consideration of differential diagnoses, staging and multidisciplinary discussion. Assessment of resectability is key to drive the treatment sequencing. Association with autoimmune diseases, especially myasthenia gravis, is observed, which impacts the oncological management. Networks are being built at the national and international levels. This article provides an overview of the most recent findings in the diagnosis, staging, histology, and management strategies of thymic tumours. Thymic tumours are rare and heterogeneous tumours. Management is based on multidisciplinary discussion and networking.https://bit.ly/3kYAZ7u
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Basse
- Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,EURACAN, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Réseau Tumeurs Thymiques et Cancer (RYTHMIC), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group, Mount Kisco, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris, France .,EURACAN, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Réseau Tumeurs Thymiques et Cancer (RYTHMIC), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group, Mount Kisco, NY, USA
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Dhamija A, Kakuturu J, Hayanga JWA, Toker A. Difficult Decisions in Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Thymus. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235887. [PMID: 34884996 PMCID: PMC8657073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A minimally invasive resection of thymomas has been accepted as standard of care in the last decade for early stage thymomas. This is somewhat controversial in terms of higher-staged thymomas and myasthenia gravis patients due to the prognostic importance of complete resections and the indolent characteristics of the disease process. Despite concerted efforts to standardize minimally invasive approaches, there is still controversy as to the extent of excision, approach of surgery, and the platform utilized. In this article, we aim to provide our surgical perspective of thymic resection and a review of the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Dhamija
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Jahnavi Kakuturu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.K.); (J.W.A.H.)
| | - J. W. Awori Hayanga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.K.); (J.W.A.H.)
| | - Alper Toker
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine Morgantown, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.K.); (J.W.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-282-0264
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21
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Robotic vs. Transsternal Thymectomy: A Single Center Experience over 10 Years. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214991. [PMID: 34768511 PMCID: PMC8584938 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Thymomas are the most common tumors of the mediastinum. Traditionally, thymectomies have been performed through a transsternal (TS) approach. With the development of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS), a promising, minimally invasive, alternative surgical technique for performing a thymectomy has been developed. In the current paper, the oncological and surgical outcomes of the TS vs. RATS thymectomies are discussed. Methods: For the RATS thymectomy, two 8 mm working ports and one 12 mm camera port were used. In the transsternal approach, we performed a median sternotomy and resected the thymic tissue completely, in some cases en bloc with part of the lung and/or, more frequently, a partial pericardiectomy with consequent reconstruction using a bovine pericardial patch. The decisions for using the TS vs. RATS methods were mainly based on the suspected tumor invasion of the surrounding structures on the preoperative CT scan and tumor size. Results: Between January 2010 and November 2020, 149 patients were submitted for an anterior mediastinal tumor resection at our institution. A total of 104 patients met the inclusion criteria. One procedure was performed through a hemi-clamshell incision. A total of 81 (78%) patients underwent RATS procedures, and 22 (21.1%) patients were treated using a transsternal (TS) tumor resection. Thymoma was diagnosed in 53 (51%) cases. In the RATS group, the median LOS was 3.2 ± 2.8 days and the median tumor size was 4.4 ± 2.37 cm compared to the TS group, which had a median LOS of 9 ± 7.3 days and a median tumor size of 10.4 ± 5.3 cm. Both differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Complete resection was achieved in all patients. Conclusion: While larger and infiltrating tumors (i.e., thymic carcinomas) were usually resected via a sternotomy, the RATS procedure is a good alternative for the resection of thymomas of up to 9.5 cm, and the thymectomy is a strong approach for myasthenia gravis. The oncological outcomes and survival rates were not influenced by the chosen approach.
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22
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Markowiak T, Ansari MKA, Neu R, Schalke B, Marx A, Hofmann HS, Ried M. Evaluation of Surgical Therapy in Advanced Thymic Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184516. [PMID: 34572742 PMCID: PMC8471625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete resection of thymic tumors is known to be the most important prognostic factor, but it is often difficult to perform, especially in advanced stages. In this study, 73 patients with advanced thymic tumors of UICC stages III and IV who underwent radical resection were examined retrospectively. The primary endpoint was defined as the postoperative resection status. Secondary endpoints included postoperative morbidity, mortality, recurrence/progression-free, and overall survival. In total, 31.5% of patients were assigned to stage IIIa, 9.6% to stage IIIb, 47.9% to stage IVa, and 11% to stage IVb. In stages III a R0 resection was achieved in 53.3% of patients. In stages IV a R0/R1 resection was documented in 76.7% of patients. Surgical revision was necessary in 17.8% of patients. In-hospital mortality was 2.7%. Median recurrence/progression-free interval was 43 months (p = 0.19) with an overall survival of 79 months. The 5-year survival rate was 61.3%, respectively. Median survival after R2 resection was 25 months, significantly shorter than after R0 or R1 resection (115 months; p = 0.004). Advanced thymic tumors can be resected with an acceptable risk of complications and low mortality. In stage III as well as in stage IV the promising survival rates are dependent on the resection-status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Markowiak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.M.); (M.K.A.A.); (R.N.); (H.-S.H.)
| | - Mohammed Khalid Afeen Ansari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.M.); (M.K.A.A.); (R.N.); (H.-S.H.)
| | - Reiner Neu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.M.); (M.K.A.A.); (R.N.); (H.-S.H.)
| | - Berthold Schalke
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Hans-Stefan Hofmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.M.); (M.K.A.A.); (R.N.); (H.-S.H.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ried
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.M.); (M.K.A.A.); (R.N.); (H.-S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-9801
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23
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Podobed AV. [Long-term outcomes of thoracoscopic thymectomy for thymoma stage i-ii]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2021:58-62. [PMID: 34363446 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) and conventional open surgery in patients with early-stage (Masaoka stage I-II) thymic malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A Retrospective study included patients after VATS and open thymectomy for the period 2000-2019. Long-term outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS VATS thymectomy was performed in 53 (54.1%) patients, open thymectomy - in 45 (45.9%) cases. Median follow-up period was 66.9 months. Overall 5-year survival was 89.8% and 97% in the Open and VATS groups, respectively (p=0.076). Disease-free survival rates were 79.6% and 86.6% (p=0.279), respectively. There was no significant difference in cumulative incidence of recurrence (13.3% vs 7.5%, p=0.505). Age <50 years and tumor size >5 cm were the independent risk factors of recurrence. CONCLUSION VATS thymectomy is an effective approach ensuring similar long-term outcomes in patients with early stages of thymic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Podobed
- Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Lesnoy, Belarus
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24
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Pan F, Lu AT, Mao X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Han B. Utility and Safety of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Isolated Mediastinal Masses. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2047-2052. [PMID: 34376986 PMCID: PMC8349211 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s317060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a valuable tool for diagnosing pulmonary disease due to its efficiency and safety. We retrospectively analyzed patients with mediastinal masses who underwent diagnostic EBUS-TBNA at Shanghai Chest Hospital, and evaluated the clinical accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis mediastinal masses. Method From 2009 and 2014, patients who received EBUS-TBNA to diagnose a isolated mediastinal mass were enrolled. Clinical follow-up was performed to ascertain the patient’s final diagnosis. Results Forty-six patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty-seven were diagnosed with an oncologic disease, 3 were diagnosed with a mediastinal infection, and 2 were found to have a mediastinal goiter. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic yield was 63.6%, 100%, 100%, 42.9%, and 71.4%, respectively. Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is a safe and effective means of diagnosing mediastinal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ting Lu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhuo Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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25
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Grilo Novais A, Pinho Santos D, Conceição M, Cunha S, Capelo J, Crespo P, Carvalho L. Thymoma and Tuberculoma: Unexpected Coexistence. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2021; 8:002744. [PMID: 34377706 DOI: 10.12890/2021_002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediastinal tumours can be incidental findings on chest x-ray or present with systemic symptoms and/or direct effect of the mediastinal mass. We report the case of a woman with symptomatic thymoma B1 and simultaneous thymus tuberculosis. LEARNING POINTS The association of tuberculosis (TB) of the thymus and thymoma is extremely rare.The differential diagnosis of a mediastinal mass should include TB, particularly in endemic regions.Mediastinal mass resection or biopsy can be of great value in diagnostic work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Cunha
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Capelo
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | - Pedro Crespo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
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26
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Aprile V, Bacchin D, Korasidis S, Ricciardi R, Petrini I, Ambrogi MC, Lucchi M. Hypertermic Intrathoracic Chemotherapy (HITHOC) for thymoma: a narrative review on indications and results. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:957. [PMID: 34350272 PMCID: PMC8263885 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective With this narrative review, we retraced the history of hypertermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) since the beginning, analyzing literature on operative technique, feasibility and efficacy of this treatment. Moreover, we report the fifteen-year experience of our center in this relatively new technique, for what concerns both early postoperative results and long-term oncological outcomes. Background Thymomas are frequently misdiagnosed and recognized in advanced stage, often with pleural dissemination, especially when not associated to Myasthenia Gravis that allows an early diagnosis during the initial assessment. Moreover, the natural history of locally advanced thymoma is characterized by a high rate of pleural or pericardial relapses. Surgery has always been considered a milestone in thymoma’s treatment, even in case of serous dissemination or relapses, although his role as exclusive therapy does not guarantee an acceptable local disease control. In case of disseminated disease, different multidisciplinary protocols have been experimented, from chemotherapy to radiation therapy, alone or associated to surgery, in order to increase overall and disease-free survival, but the breakthrough happened in the early 90s with the introduction of HITHOC following surgery. Combination of surgery and HITHOC resulted in less toxic than systemic chemotherapy and providing a good local disease control in patients with stage IVa thymomas or thymoma’s pleural recurrences. Methods We searched PubMed for relevant literature, up to January 2020, on hypertermic intrapleural chemotherapy for thymomas (TPR or DNT), selecting only those reporting information about HITHOC protocol used, postoperative course and oncological outcomes. Conclusions HITHOC is a safe and feasible procedure, with a very low complication rate and negligible systemic effects of chemotherapeutic agents, effective in controlling both TPR and DNT, in particular as regards local disease-free survival. Keywords Hypertermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC); thymoma; intracavitary chemotherapy; hyperthermia; redo-surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Aprile
- Thoracic Surgery, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diana Bacchin
- Thoracic Surgery, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stylianos Korasidis
- Thoracic Surgery, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricciardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Carlo Ambrogi
- Thoracic Surgery, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Lucchi
- Thoracic Surgery, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Wilshire CL, Blitz SL, Fuller CC, Rückert JC, Li F, Cerfolio RJ, Ghanim AF, Onaitis MW, Sarkaria IS, Wigle DA, Joshi V, Reznik S, Bograd AJ, Vallières E, Louie BE. Minimally invasive thymectomy for myasthenia gravis favours left-sided approach and low severity class. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 60:898-905. [PMID: 33538299 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complete thymectomy is a key component of the optimal treatment for myasthenia gravis. Unilateral, minimally invasive approaches are increasingly utilized with debate about the optimal laterality approach. A right-sided approach has a wider field of view, while a left-sided approach accesses potentially more thymic tissue. We aimed to assess the impact of laterality on perioperative and medium-term outcomes, and to identify predictors of a 'good outcome' using standard definitions. METHODS We performed a multicentre review of 123 patients who underwent a minimally invasive thymectomy for myasthenia gravis between January 2000 and August 2015, with at least 1-year follow-up. The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America standards were followed. A 'good outcome' was defined by complete stable remission/pharmacological remission/minimal manifestations 0, and a 'poor outcome' by minimal manifestations 1-3. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with a 'good outcome'. RESULTS Ninety-two percent of thymectomies (113/123) were robotic-assisted. The left-sided approach had a shorter median operating time than a right-sided: 143 (interquartile range, IQR 110-196) vs 184 (IQR 133-228) min, P = 0.012. At a median of 44 (IQR 27-75) months, the left-sided approach achieved a 'good outcome' (46%, 31/68) more frequently than the right-sided (22%, 12/55); P = 0.011. Multivariable analysis identified a left-sided approach and Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America class I/II to be associated with a 'good outcome'. CONCLUSIONS A left-sided thymectomy may be preferred over a right-sided approach in patients with myasthenia gravis given the shorter operating times and potential for superior medium-term symptomatic outcomes. A lower severity class is also associated with a 'good outcome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Wilshire
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandra L Blitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carson C Fuller
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jens C Rückert
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert J Cerfolio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Asem F Ghanim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mark W Onaitis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Inderpal S Sarkaria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis A Wigle
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay Joshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott Reznik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam J Bograd
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Vallières
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian E Louie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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28
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王 立, 于 磊, 杜 鑫, 霍 承. [Analysis of Gene Variation in Thymoma by Microarray]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:1073-1079. [PMID: 33357314 PMCID: PMC7786222 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymoma is the most common malignant tumor in anterior mediastinum, and its specific pathogenesis is still unclear. This limits the study of targeted drugs for thymoma. The aim of the study is to investigate the genes and signal pathways of thymoma, and provide help for the research of thymic tumor pathogenesis using the technology of second-generation genechip to analyze thymoma. METHODS From January 2015 to December 2017, we analyzed 31 cases of thymoma by CapitaBio mRNA expression profile genechip technology, and then confirmed the genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS We found some genes with different expression levels between thymoma and surrounding thymus tissue. Among them, six driving genes (FANCI, CAPD3, NCAPG, OXCT1, EPHA1 and MCM2) were significantly abnormal in thymoma. Some specific genes affected by copy-number variation were detected: E2F2, EphA1, CCL25 and MCM2 were significantly up-regulated, while IL-6, CD36, FABP4, SH2D1A and MYOC genes were significantly down-regulated. KEGG database analysis showed that the expression of 10 signaling pathway genes was generally up-regulated or down-regulated, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, viral oncogenes, primary immunodeficiency, cell cycle genes and p53 signaling pathway, which may be related to occurrence of thymoma. CONCLUSIONS We found a variety of genes abnormally expressed in thymoma, which will provide reference for the study of pathogenesis and biomarkers of thymoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- 立军 王
- 100123 北京,民航总医院Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, China
| | - 磊 于
- 100069 北京,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院胸外科Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - 鑫 杜
- 100069 北京,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院胸外科Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - 承瑜 霍
- 100123 北京,民航总医院Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, China
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29
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Figlewicz MR, Bridwell RE, Beal H, Cibrario A, Belcher CN. Cardiomegaly Masquerading as a Pediatric Thymoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2020; 12:e11125. [PMID: 33240718 PMCID: PMC7682919 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoma is a very rare pediatric tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all childhood mediastinal tumors with scant literature, and only 23 pediatric cases were identified by a pediatric tumor surveillance registry between 1973 and 2008. In contrast to adult thymomas, pediatric thymomas have an aggressive tendency, though the majority is discovered as incidental findings. Patient presentations to the emergency department (ED) are often subtle and non-specific such as dyspnea, cough, and chest pain, requiring a broad differential on the part of the emergency clinician. Because of this presentation, diagnosis often occurs later in the disease process when compared with adults. Chest radiograph may demonstrate an enlarged thymic shadow or cardiomegaly, necessitating further cardiac workup, commonly routed through cardiology. Computed tomography and biopsy are required for definitive diagnosis, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to management. We present a case of a 16-year-old female complaining of progressive dyspnea and chest pain over the course of one to two months with radiographic cardiomegaly. She was found to have a Masaoka stage III World Health Organization (WHO) type B3 thymic endothelial neoplasm and underwent surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel E Bridwell
- Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Hannah Beal
- Pediatrics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Amber Cibrario
- Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
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30
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Surgical and Oncological Outcomes in Locally Advanced Thymoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 12:350-357. [PMID: 34295079 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at reporting the surgical management of locally advanced thymoma (Masaoka stages III and IVA) and evaluating the factors predicting the survival. This is a retrospective analysis of patients operated for locally advanced thymoma from March 2012 to December 2019 in a thoracic surgery center in India. An analysis of all perioperative variables including complications was carried out. The influence of various predictors on survival was assessed by log-rank test. Out of total 54 patients, 42 (77.8%) had stage III and 12 (22.2%) had stage IVA. Upfront surgery was done in 34 (63%) patients, and induction chemotherapy was given in 20 (37%) patients. Pericardium was the commonest structure resected (79.6%) followed by the lung (51.8%), phrenic nerve (48.1%), major vascular structures (40.7%), parietal pleura (22.2%), diaphragm (9.2%), and right atrial appendage (1.8%). Forty-seven (87%) cases had complete (R0) resection, and the remaining 7 (12.9%) cases had incomplete (R1/R2) resection. There were no perioperative deaths (< 90 days). The median follow-up was 58 months. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years were 77.8% and 75.9%. Higher age (> 60 years), incomplete surgical resection, type B histology, and "> 3" structures resected with tumor were the poor prognostic factors for survival. An aggressive surgical approach, by an experienced team of cardiac and thoracic surgeons, aimed at complete resection is vitally important and can achieve excellent surgical and oncological outcomes even in locally advanced thymomas.
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Elseidy SA, Alkader AAAA, Naserallah HH, Awad AK. Case Series: A case of familial thymomatous myasthenia gravis in a family of three male brothers. J Surg Case Rep 2020; 2020:rjaa321. [PMID: 33005320 PMCID: PMC7519776 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that occurs as a consequence of anti-acetylcholine (Ach) antibodies specifically targeting postsynaptic Ach receptors (AchR). This leads to the evolution of the classic symptoms of the disease, which range from mild symptoms of diplopia, muscle fatigue with repetitive movement up to severe affection of the respiratory muscle. The disease can occur as an isolated finding or co-exist with a concomitant thymic tumor or hyperplasia. Careful diagnosis is crucial for the development of the management plan. Nearly 10-15% of MG cases coexist with a thymic pathology and in these cases, surgical resection leads to the resolution of symptoms. Although thymomatous MG occurrence is non-heritable, its polygenic nature accounts for its rare familial variant. In this case, we report a family of three brothers with familial thymomatous MG who underwent thymectomy and improved after thymic surgical resection. Myasthenia gravis can occur as an isolated finding or as an association of thymic pathology. Careful discrimination between the two should be made for the elaboration of a management plan. Familial variant thymomatous myasthenia gravis is exceedingly rare. A familial survey is crucial for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheref A Elseidy
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed Khaled Awad
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Imielski B, Kurihara C, Manerikar A, Chaudhary S, Kosterski S, Odell D, Kim S, Bharat A. Comparative effectiveness and cost-efficiency of surgical approaches for thymectomy. Surgery 2020; 168:737-742. [PMID: 32641277 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the clinical outcomes and cost-efficiency of surgical approaches (sternotomy-open, video assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and robotic assisted thoracic surgery) for thymectomy. METHODS This is a retrospective review of 220 consecutive patients who underwent thymectomy between January 1, 2007, and January 31, 2017. Surgical approach was determined by the surgeon, but we only included cases that could be resected using any of the 3 approaches. RESULTS Open approach was used in 69 patients, whereas minimally invasive technique was used in 151 (97, video assisted thoracoscopic surgery; 54, robotic assisted thoracic surgery). Open surgery was associated with greater total hospital cost ($22,847 ± $20,061 vs $14,504 ± $10,845, P < .001). Open group also revealed longer duration of intensive care unit (1.2 ± 2.8 vs 0.2 ± 1.3 days, P < .001) and hospital stay (4.3 ± 4.0 vs 2.0 ± 2.6 days, P < .001). There were no differences in major adverse clinical outcomes. Long-term recurrence-free survival after resection of thymoma was similar between the groups. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive techniques were equally efficacious compared with the open approach in the resection of the thymus. Additionally, their use was associated with decreased hospital duration of stay and reduced cost. Hence the use of minimally invasive approaches should be encouraged in the resection of thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Imielski
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Chitaru Kurihara
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Adwaiy Manerikar
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Satya Chaudhary
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan Kosterski
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - David Odell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Samuel Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
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Xu H, Liu D, Li Y, Yang L, Wang F, Wang W, Zhang L. The Outcomes of Subxiphoid Thoracoscopic Versus Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Thymic Diseases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30:508-513. [PMID: 32004095 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2019.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dazhong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hess NR, Baker N, Levy RM, Pennathur A, Christie NA, Luketich JD, Sarkaria IS. Robotic assisted minimally invasive thymectomy with simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopy and contralateral phrenic nerve visualization. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:114-122. [PMID: 32190361 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Thoracoscopic approaches to thymectomy and anterior mediastinal mass resection has become increasingly common due to the potential for decreased blood loss and hospital length of stay. However, contralateral mediastinal and phrenic nerve visualization if often difficult from these unilateral approaches, which may affect the ability to achieve a full phrenic to phrenic dissection Herein, we present our early experience of robotic assisted minimally invasive thymectomy (RAMIT) with simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopy and contralateral phrenic nerve visualization. Methods This was a retrospective review of all sequential patients undergoing RAMIT with simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopy from January 2015 to May 2016. This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board (PRO15080367). Individual patient consent was waived. Results Twenty-six patients [median age 58 (range, 29-76) years] were included in this study. Sixteen operations were performed for anterior mediastinal mass, 7 for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis, and 3 for concurrent myasthenia gravis and thymoma. Median blood loss and hospital stay were 25 mL (range, 3-150 mL) and 3 days (range, 2-8 days), respectively. Twenty-one (80.8%) patients experienced an uncomplicated hospital course. The highest graded complication by Clavien Dindo Classification was a grade III due to pleural effusion requiring drainage via pleural catheter. One patient experienced asymptomatic hemidiaphram palsy postoperatively. There were no 90-day postoperative deaths. Conclusions RAMIT with simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopy is a feasible approach that may allow for enhanced visualization and more complete thymic resection compared to existing unilateral minimally invasive operations. Comparative studies and long-term follow up are needed to adequately assess the potential benefits of RAMIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Hess
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Baker
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan M Levy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Neil A Christie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Inderpal S Sarkaria
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Chen K, Zhang X, Jin R, Xiang J, Han D, Zhang Y, Li H. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for mediastinal masses: a single-institution experience. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:105-113. [PMID: 32190360 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and safety of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) using the da Vinci robotic system for mediastinal mass resection and to describe the surgical approach for masses in different mediastinal regions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 84 patients who underwent RATS for resection of a mediastinal mass from June 2015 to April 2019. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results The mediastinal mass was resected successfully in all patients, with one patient requiring conversion to conventional open surgery. There were no intraoperative complications. The most common diagnoses were thymoma (n=17), bronchogenic cyst (n=16), and schwannoma (n=12). The surgical approach was determined by the location of the lesion and the planned extent of surgical resection. Resection was performed in the lateral decubitus position in 29 patients with posterior mediastinal tumor, semi-lateral decubitus position in 42 patients who only need resection of anterior mediastinal mass, and reverse Trendelenburg position in 13 patients undergoing thymectomy. The mean (± standard deviation) operation time was 91.86±56.42 min, duration of chest tube use was 1.83±0.93 days, and postoperative hospital stay was 3.62±7.52 days. Three patients (3.5%) developed postoperative complications: one chylous fistula, which required reoperation, and one case each of atrial fibrillation and pulmonary infection, which were treated conservatively. Conclusions Our experience demonstrated that different surgical approaches of RATS are safe and feasible for mediastinal mass resection. An appropriate approach can be selected based on the mediastinal region in which the tumor is located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Runsen Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dingpei Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Dong J, Yuan S, Chang B, Huang J, Geng X, Cai X, Hu P, Zhang B, Xia L, Wu P. An exploratory study of CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for stage I thymoma. Cancer Imaging 2019; 19:80. [PMID: 31791411 PMCID: PMC6889348 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-019-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymoma is a rare tumor that originates from thymic epithelial cells and is usually associated with myasthenia gravis. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive and curative treatment for other tumors, but RFA has not been used for the early treatment of thymoma. Methods The current study included 13 patients with stage I thymoma who were not candidates for surgical resection or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). All patients underwent first-line CT-guided percutaneous RFA. The feasibility and therapeutic effects of the intervention were thoroughly documented. Results
All tumors were completely ablated (13 / 13, 100%). During follow-up (median 80.5 months, range, 64.6–116.9 months), only 1 of the 13 patients had recurrence of thymoma (1 / 13, 7.7%) at 35.5 months after the initial ablation. There were no surgery-related deaths after RFA treatment. The most common complications were fever (13 / 13, 100%) and pain (13 / 13, 100%). There was only one patient who occurred severe puncture-related bleeding during the procedure that needed blood transfusion and intravascular embolization of the punctured-injured vessel. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous RFA for treatment of stage I thymoma is associated with minor trauma, few complications and good treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Department of Integrated Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofei Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wansong Road, Ruian, 108, China
| | - Boyang Chang
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Integrated Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Geng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of Integrated Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Pili Hu
- Department of Integrated Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangping Xia
- Department of Integrated Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging & Image Guided Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Wang SY, Xie L, Liu ET, Liao JQ, Chen G, Wang SX. FDG-PET/CT of invasive thymoma extending into the superior vena cava and right atrium. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1771-1774. [PMID: 30128918 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present FDG PET/CT findings of a rare case of invasive thymoma with intraluminal growth into the superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yun Wang
- Department of PET Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - En-Tao Liu
- Department of PET Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ji-Qin Liao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shu-Xia Wang
- Department of PET Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
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Marulli G, Comacchio GM, Schiavon M, Rebusso A, Mammana M, Zampieri D, Perissinotto E, Rea F. Comparing robotic and trans-sternal thymectomy for early-stage thymoma: a propensity score-matching study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 54:579-584. [PMID: 29547970 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Minimally invasive techniques seem to be promising alternatives to open approaches in the surgical treatment of early-stage thymoma, although there are controversies because of lack of data on long-term results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical and oncological results after robotic thymectomy for early-stage thymoma compared to median sternotomy. METHODS Between 1982 and 2017, 164 patients with early-stage thymoma (Masaoka I and II) were operated on by median sternotomy (108 patients) or the robotic approach (56 patients). Duration of surgery, amount of blood loss, complications, duration of chest drainage, postoperative hospital stay, oncological results and total costs were retrospectively evaluated. Data were analysed also after propensity score matching. RESULTS Compared to the trans-sternal group, robotic thymectomy had significantly longer average operative times (P < 0.001) but less intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.01), less perioperative complications (P = 0.03), shorter time to chest drainage removal and hospital discharge (P < 0.001). The median expense for the trans-sternal approach was significantly higher than the cost of the robotic procedure (P < 0.001), mainly due to longer hospitalization. From an oncological point of view, there were no differences in thymoma recurrence, although follow-up of the trans-sternal group was significantly longer (P < 0.001). Data were confirmed after propensity score matching. CONCLUSIONS Robotic thymectomy for early-stage thymoma is a technically safe and feasible procedure with low complication rate and shorter hospital stay compared to the trans-sternal approach. Cost analysis revealed lower expenses for the robotic procedure due to the reduced hospital stay. The oncological outcomes seemed comparable, but longer follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marulli
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria Comacchio
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rebusso
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Mammana
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Zampieri
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Egle Perissinotto
- Biostatistic Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Comacchio GM, Marulli G, Mammana M, Natale G, Schiavon M, Rea F. Surgical Decision Making. Thorac Surg Clin 2019; 29:203-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Zhu XS, Song N, Song NC, Sihoe ADL, He WX, Liu M, Jiang GN, Zhang P. Comparison of the perioperative outcomes in antero-superior mediastinal tumor resection performed by transcervical resection and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Thorac Dis 2019; 10:6838-6845. [PMID: 30746229 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background It remains controversial that whether transcervical resection (TC) was associated with better outcomes than video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of antero-superior mediastinal tumors. We aimed to compare the safety and reliability between TC and VATS. Methods Between 2010 and 2012, 80 consecutive patients underwent antero-superior mediastinal tumor resection via TC (n=31) or VATS (n=49). Perioperative outcomes were compared. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed to control the potential confounders. Results A total of 41 men and 39 women with median age of 52.5 years were enrolled. No patient died during the perioperative course. After propensity matching, TC group was associated with less intraoperative blood loss (35.1±18.7 vs. 93.7±136.1 mL, P=0.034), less postoperative drainage (65.6±76.8 vs. 335.0±154.9 mL, P<0.001), shorter length of postoperative hospital stay (3.2±1.2 vs. 4.1±1.3 days, P=0.003) and less hospitalization expense (22,252.3±4,761.7 vs. 26,514.2±4,052.8 CNY, P=0.002) compared to VATS group. One patient with VATS was converted to open surgery due to intraoperative vessels damage. The postoperative complication was null in TC group while it was 6.1% (n=3) in VATS group (P=0.279), including 1 case of prolonged chest tube drainage and 2 cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Conclusions TC for antero-superior mediastinal tumors is a safe procedure with better perioperative outcomes compared to VATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nai-Cheng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alan Dart Loon Sihoe
- Department of Surgery, The Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Xin He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ge-Ning Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Voulaz E, Veronesi G, Infante M, Cariboni U, Testori A, Novellis P, Bottoni E, Passera E, Morenghi E, Alloisio M. Radical thymectomy versus conservative thymomectomy in the surgical treatment of thymic malignancies. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:4127-4136. [PMID: 30174857 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Complete thymectomy is recommended for thymic malignancies to reduce local recurrence and the likelihood of the long-term development of myasthenia gravis (MG). Thymus-conserving surgery (thymomectomy) seems to yield similar results, but evidence is still limited. The objective of this study was to assess if the oncological outcome, in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), are comparable between radical thymectomy vs. conservative thymomectomy patients, and to assess if the outcome of the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approach was similar to open surgery approach. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 157 consecutive patients with either resectable thymoma or thymic carcinoma from two Italian centers (Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, and Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo) between 1997 and 2013 who underwent thymomectomy or extended thymectomy with the VATS or open approach; the patients with Miastenia Gravis underwent radical thymectomy. The patients were followed through physical examinations and phone interviews. Results Thymomectomy and thymectomy were performed on 86 (54.8%) and 71 (45.2%) patients, respectively. Prognostic factors and comorbidities were comparable in the two groups. The median follow-up was 77 months. Cox proportional hazards model revealed that Masaoka advanced stage and thymic carcinoma of WHO classification were independent predictive factors for overall survival, but that the extent of surgery and the approach used (minimally invasive versus open) were not. Notably, five- and ten-year survival rates were similar in the two groups. Conclusions In our experience, radical thymectomy and conservative thymomectomy did not differ in terms of disease-free and overall survival rates. In nonmyasthenic patients with early-stage resectable thymic malignancy, minimally invasive thymomectomy provided equivalent results to open thymectomy. Our results should be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective nature of the study. Well-designed, adequately-powered studies should be very welcome to increase the quantity and the quality of clinical evidence before incorporating this procedure in future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Voulaz
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Infante
- Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy
| | - Umberto Cariboni
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Testori
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Novellis
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bottoni
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliseo Passera
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatistics Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Koçer B, Kaplan T, Günal N, Koçer BG, Akkaş Y, Yazkan R, Dural K, Kulaçoğlu S, Han S. Long-term survival after R0 resection of thymoma. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2018; 26:461-466. [PMID: 29945456 DOI: 10.1177/0218492318778634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of R0 resection of thymoma to identify prognostic factors for long-term outcomes. Methods Data of 62 patients (28 male, 34 female) with a mean age of 47.26 ± 14.42 years, who underwent R0 resection for thymoma and were followed-up between February 2004 and March 2016, were analyzed retrospectively. Results Eight patients had a video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy and 54 had a transsternal extended thymectomy. During a mean follow-up of 128.67 ± 7.95 months, regional recurrence of thymoma was observed in 9 (14.5%) patients. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 85.36% and 78.20%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates in patients aged < 50 years were significantly better than in those aged ≥ 50 years (92% and 72% vs. 88% and 39%, p < 0.0001). The 10-year overall survival of patients in Masaoka stage I and II was better than those in stage III (88.9%, 78.4%, 69.8%, respectively, log-rank p < 0.001). The 10-year survival of patients with World Health Organization histological type A, AB, and B1 thymomas was better than those with type B2 and B3 (log-rank test p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, age < 50 years ( p = 0.001), Masaoka stage ( p = 0.006), histological type ( p = 0.001), and recurrence ( p = 0.04) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion Our study indicates that age < 50 years, Masaoka stage, histological type, and recurrence are the determinants of survival in surgically resected cases of thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Koçer
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Kaplan
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesimi Günal
- 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Bilge Gönenli Koçer
- 4 Department of Neurology, Dişkapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yucel Akkaş
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rasih Yazkan
- 5 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Koray Dural
- 3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Sezer Kulaçoğlu
- 6 Department of Pathology, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Han
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Azuma Y, Otsuka H, Makino T, Koezuka S, Anami Y, Sadamoto S, Wakayama M, Tochigi N, Shibuya K, Iyoda A. Giant thymoma successfully resected via median sternotomy and anterolateral thoracotomy: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 13:26. [PMID: 29636066 PMCID: PMC5894157 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-018-0711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some patients with thymoma present with a very large mass in the thoracic cavity. Although the most effective treatment for thymoma is surgical resection, it is difficult to perform because of the size of the tumor and the infiltration of tumor into the surrounding organs and vessels. We report a patient with a giant thymoma that was completely resected via a median sternotomy and left anterolateral thoracotomy. Case presentation A 63-year-old woman presented with a mass in the left thoracic cavity that was incidentally found on a chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography revealed a giant mass (16 × 10 cm) touching the chest wall and diaphragm and pressed against the heart and left upper pulmonary lobe. Complete resection was performed via a median sternotomy and left anterolateral thoracotomy. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as a WHO type B2 thymoma, Masaoka stage II. Conclusions Giant thymomas tend to grow expansively without invasion into surrounding organs and vessels. Surgical resection that employs an adequate approach must be considered, regardless of the size of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Azuma
- Division of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Otsuka
- Division of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Makino
- Division of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koezuka
- Division of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Anami
- Division of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sota Sadamoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Wakayama
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naobumi Tochigi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Iyoda
- Division of Chest Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ruffini E, Filosso PL, Guerrera F, Lausi P, Lyberis P, Oliaro A. Optimal surgical approach to thymic malignancies: New trends challenging old dogmas. Lung Cancer 2018; 118:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vaja R, Joshi V, Dawson AG, Waller DA. Is a diagnostic video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy an acceptable first-line approach to the suspicious anterior mediastinal mass? J Minim Access Surg 2017; 13:286-290. [PMID: 28872098 PMCID: PMC5607796 DOI: 10.4103/jmas.jmas_113_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidental early-stage thymic mass presents a diagnostic challenge. Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) thymectomy is an attractive but potentially morbid solution. The aim was to show it can be safely applied as a first-line modality in those with undiagnosed thymic enlargement with acceptable long-term results. METHODS A total of 45 patients were identified (24 male, median age 52 interquartile range [IQR]: 41-66 years) in a 14-year experience who had CT evidence of an enlarged, possibly malignant thymic mass, but no tissue diagnosis before undertaking VAT thymectomy. The clinical outcomes of both benign and malignant diagnoses were compared. RESULTS Myasthenic symptoms were present in 20 patients (44%), whereas 15 (33%) were asymptomatic. Benign lesions were resected in 27 patients (60%): thymic hyperplasia (56%), thymic cyst (33%), lipoma (7%) and xanthogranulomatous inflammation (4%). Of the 18 malignant patients, 82% had thymoma (three had Masaoka Stage I, 11 Stage II and one Stage III), 6% thymic carcinoma, 6% teratoma and 6% seminoma. Seven patients required radiotherapy for R1 resection. There was no difference in median hospital stay in either group: Benign group: 4 versus 5 days (P = 0.07). One patient in both groups required conversion to open. Two patients in the malignant group had significant morbidity (one myocardial infarction and one pulmonary embolism). There were no cases of tumour recurrence or mortality at a median follow-up of 6.6 years (IQR: 4.4-9.5 years). CONCLUSION Right-sided diagnostic VAT thymectomy is a safe and effective first-line approach to suspected malignant thymic enlargement. At 5-year follow-up, there were no cases of recurrence in the malignant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Vaja
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Vijay Joshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Alan G Dawson
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - David A Waller
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
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Di Crescenzo VG, Napolitano F, Panico C, Di Crescenzo RM, Zeppa P, Vatrella A, Laperuta P. Surgical approach in thymectomy: Our experience and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 39:19-24. [PMID: 28787670 PMCID: PMC5545819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Thymectomy is the main treatment for thymoma and patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The traditional approach is through a median sternotomy, but, recently, thymectomy through minimally invasive approaches is increasingly performed. Our purpose is an analysis and discussion of the clinical presentation, the diagnostic procedures and the surgical technique. We also consider post-operative complications and results, over a period of 5 years (May 2011–June 2016), in thymic masses admitted in our Thoracic Surgery Unit. Methods We analyzed 8 patients who underwent surgical treatment for thymic masses over a period of 5 years. 6 patients (75%) had thymoma, 2 patients (25%) had thymic carcinomas. 2 patients with thymoma (33%) had myasthenia gravis. We performed a complete surgical resection with median sternotomy as standard approach. Results One patient (12%) died in the postoperative period. The histological study revealed 6 (75%) thymoma and 2 (25%) thymic carcinomas. Post-operative morbidity occurred in 2 patients (25%) and were: pneumonia in 1 case (12%), atrial fibrillation and pleural effusion in 2 patients (25%). One patient with thymoma type A recurred at skeletal muscle 2-years after surgery. Conclusions Thymic malignancies are rare tumors. Surgical resection is the main treatment, but a multimodal approach is useful for many patients. Radical thymectomy is completed removing all the soft tissue in the anterior mediastinum between the two phrenic nerves and this is the most important factor in controlling myasthenia and influencing survival in patients with thymoma. Open (median sternotomy) approach has been the standard approach for thymectomy for the better visualization of the anatomical structures. Actually, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy and robotic video-assisted thoracoscopic (R-VATS) approach versus open surgery has an equal if not superior oncological efficacy, better perioperative complications and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - Claudio Panico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Paolo Laperuta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
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Qian L, Chen X, Huang J, Lin H, Mao F, Zhao X, Luo Q, Ding Z. A comparison of three approaches for the treatment of early-stage thymomas: robot-assisted thoracic surgery, video-assisted thoracic surgery, and median sternotomy. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:1997-2005. [PMID: 28839999 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This aim of this study was to compare three approaches of extended thymectomy for the treatment of early-stage thymomas, which included robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS), video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and median sternotomy (MS) perioperative parameters. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 123 patients with early stage thymomas at Shanghai Chest Hospital who underwent extended thymectomy between February 2009 and August 2014. Among them, MS was performed on 37 patients, VATS was performed on 35 patients, and RATS was performed on 51 patients. A series of outcome measures were compared between these three approaches, including operative time, intra-operative blood loss volume, occurrence of intra-operative complications, post-operative pleural drainage duration, post-operative pleural drainage volume, duration of hospital stay, and the incidence of post-operative complications. RESULTS A series of intra- and post-operative parameters showed significant differences in intra-operative blood loss volume, mean post-operative pleural drainage duration, pleural drainage volume and mean duration of hospital stay. For these parameters, during further analysis, significant differences were also demonstrated for comparisons between any two groups. RATS reduces the post-operative drainage duration and volume (2.88 vs. 3.77 and 4.41 days, P<0.05; 352.2 vs. 613.9 and 980 mL, P<0.05) and the hospital stay versus the MS and VATS groups (4.3 vs. 5.5 and 6.6 days). Three patients experienced post-operative complications in the MS group, and no post-operative complications occurred in the RATS or VATS group. CONCLUSIONS RATS and VATS both appear feasible and safe for the resection of early-stage thymomas as compared to MS. RATS is less invasive than VATS with a shorter post-operative pleural drainage duration time, a reduced drainage volume, and a shorter hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qian
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhengping Ding
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Robotic Resection of 3 cm and Larger Thymomas Is Associated With Low Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2017; 11:321-326. [PMID: 27631952 DOI: 10.1097/imi.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The approach to thymoma resection has usually been determined by tumor size, although established guidelines do not exist. Minimally invasive approaches have been limited to tumors smaller than 5 cm, although 3 cm has been the suggested cutoff for performing an adequate oncologic procedure. No study has compared the perioperative outcomes of patients with 3 cm or larger tumors resected robotically versus sternotomy. METHODS We reviewed patients who underwent resection of 3 cm or larger thymomas from 2004 to 2014. Patients were divided based on approach: robotic and open thymectomy/thymomectomy. RESULTS Forty patients with tumors ranging from 3 to 13 cm were evaluated, 23 robotic and 17 open. Patient and tumor characteristics were similar. An R0 resection was primarily achieved: robotic, 91% (21/23); and open, 88% (15/17); P = 0.832. Adjuvant radiation rates were statistically equivalent: robotic, 17% (4/23) versus open, 41% (7/17); P = 0.191. Major postoperative complications were comparable: robotic, 4% (1/23) versus open, 29% (4/17); P = 0.184. Median chest tube duration was shorter for robotic (1 day) versus open (3 days); P = 0.001. The robotic approach had a shorter median intensive care unit stay compared to open (0 days vs 1 day); P = 0.024. The median hospital stay was shorter for robotic (2 days) versus open (5 days); P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS In 3 cm or larger thymomas, robotic thymectomy is feasible based on the ability to achieve a complete resection with similar adjuvant radiation therapy rates. Perioperatively, robotic thymectomy is associated with lower morbidity; and shorter chest tube duration, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay compared to open. However, oncologic outcomes are immature and require prolonged surveillance.
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Yuan ZY, Gao SG, Mu JW, Xue Q, Mao YS, Wang DL, Zhao J, Gao YS, Huang JF, He J. Long-term outcomes of 307 patients after complete thymoma resection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:46. [PMID: 28506287 PMCID: PMC5433013 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymoma is an uncommon tumor without a widely accepted standard care to date. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic variables of patients with thymoma and identify possible predictors of survival and recurrence after initial resection. Methods We retrospectively selected 307 patients with thymoma who underwent complete resection at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Beijing, China) between January 2003 and December 2014. The associations of patients’ clinical characteristics with prognosis were estimated using Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Results During follow-up (median, 86 months; range, 24–160 months), the 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 84.0% and 73.0%, respectively, and the 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 91.0% and 74.0%, respectively. Masaoka stage (P < 0.001), World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification (P < 0.001), and postoperative radiotherapy after initial resection (P = 0.006) were associated with recurrence (52/307, 16.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed that, after initial resection, WHO histological classification and Masaoka stage were independent predictors of DFS and OS. The pleura (25/52, 48.0%) were the most common site of recurrence, and locoregional recurrence (41/52, 79.0%) was the most common recurrence pattern. The recurrence pattern was an independent predictor of post-recurrence survival. Patients with recurrent thymoma who underwent repeated resection had increased post-recurrence survival rates compared with those who underwent therapies other than surgery (P = 0.017). Conclusions Masaoka stage and WHO histological classification were independent prognostic factors of thymoma after initial complete resection. The recurrence pattern was an independent predictor of post-recurrence survival. Locoregional recurrence and repeated resection of the recurrent tumor were associated with favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Geng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Ju-Wei Mu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - You-Sheng Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Da-Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shun Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.
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Hayashi K, Fukumoto K, Yokoi K, Nagaya M, Inoue T, Ito S, Nakajima H, Hattori K, Kadono I, Nishida Y. Post-operative delayed ambulation after thymectomy is associated withpre-operative six-minute walk distance. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:1900-1905. [PMID: 28415886 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1315182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed post-operative ambulation is a risk of post-operative complications and increases overall healthcare costs. We investigated pre-operative and intraoperative variables associated with delayed ambulation in patients who underwent thymectomy. METHODS A total of 57 consecutive patients undergoing thymectomy were included in this study. Pre-operative functional exercise capacity was evaluated by six-minute walk distance. Ambulation was considered to be delayed if the patient could not walk the ward on post-operative day 1. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the factors associated with delayed ambulation. RESULTS Pre-operative six-minute walk distance was the only significant variable that was associated with delayed ambulation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting delayed ambulation was 0.684 (95% confidential interval: 0.546-0.823, p = 0.017), and the optimal discriminatory pre-operative six-minute walk distance value was 498 m. Post-operative hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with low six-minute walk distance (<498 m) than those with high six-minute walk distance (≥498 m). In contrast, the presence of myasthenia gravis or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was not associated with delayed ambulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that low pre-operative six-minute walk distance is associated with delayed post-operative ambulation and longer post-operative hospital stay in patients who underwent thymectomy. Implications for rehabilitation The predictors for delayed ambulation after thymectomy are not fully investigated. The presence of myasthenia gravis was not associated with delayed ambulation. Low pre-operative six-minute walk distance was associated with delayed ambulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hayashi
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Koichi Fukumoto
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Motoki Nagaya
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan.,c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakajima
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Keiko Hattori
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Izumi Kadono
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan.,d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan.,d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
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