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Vogel AD, Wynn A, Sindoni M, Richards MC, Eppler AR, Hamilton CL, Gallegos JJ, Wallen TJ. Building Interest in Cardiothoracic Surgery at an Osteopathic Medical School: Results of an Institutional Study and a Guide for Medical Schools. Cureus 2023; 15:e49471. [PMID: 38152803 PMCID: PMC10751602 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A previous study at this institution revealed a connection between interest group involvement and specialty interest while identifying the negative perceptions of cardiothoracic (CT) surgery. This study aimed to build interest and ameliorate the negative perceptions of CT surgery by exposing pre-clinical students to the field through engaging events. Methods Students at a US osteopathic institution who attended CT surgery committee events were invited to complete an online survey after each event. Associations between the number of events attended and ranked responses to survey questions were assessed by two-tailed Spearman correlations. Statistical comparisons in ranked responses between the events attended and the survey questions were assessed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pre-clinical students actively enrolled at the institution during the 2022-2023 academic year were eligible for inclusion. Results There were 83 surveys completed over seven events. There was a significant association between the number of events a student attended and their perception of CT surgeon's work/life balance with a correlation coefficient of .258 (P=0.019) and whether CT surgeons have time for their families with a correlation coefficient of .235 (P=0.035). Residents and medical student events as well as wet lab events increased interest the most and helped students feel equipped to apply for CT surgery. Conclusions While negative perceptions associated with CT surgery exist, these may be ameliorated with more exposure to the field. Unique events that expose pre-clinical students to multiple facets of CT surgery, including physicians and trainees in the field, as well as offering hands-on activities, may increase interest in the field and further pursuit of the field during clinical years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Vogel
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Austin Wynn
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Michelle Sindoni
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Megan C Richards
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Adam R Eppler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southeast Health Medical Center, Dothan, USA
| | - Caleb L Hamilton
- Department of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Juan J Gallegos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huntsville Hospital Health System, Huntsville, USA
| | - Tyler J Wallen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Wilkes-Barre, USA
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Vogel AD, Wynn A, Richards MC, Sindoni M, Hamilton CL, Gallegos JJ, Wallen TJ. Assessing interest in cardiothoracic surgery at an osteopathic medical school: Results of an institutional survey. JTCVS OPEN 2023; 15:332-341. [PMID: 37808053 PMCID: PMC10556961 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Cardiothoracic surgery is a surgical subspecialty that attracts few medical students. As integrated surgical residency programs continue to grow in number, there is increased interest in what factors influence specialty selection during undergraduate medical education. Previous institutional studies have studied allopathic medical schools affiliated with academic institutions. This study aimed to assess the interest and perception of cardiothoracic surgery at an osteopathic institution. Methods Active medical students at a US osteopathic institution were invited to complete an original online survey. Means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and graphed for questions using Likert scale responses. Comparison of mean responses for preclinical versus clinical students was assessed by a Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance. Results There were 166 surveys (22%) completed, and interest in cardiothoracic surgery was indicated by 7.8% of respondents. Work/life balance, personality of cardiothoracic surgeons, and lack of family time were negative factors associated with cardiothoracic surgery. Clinical exposure, shadowing, mentorship, and significant personal/life events before medical school were strong factors in establishing students' interest in cardiothoracic surgery. Preclinical students noted exposure to cardiothoracic surgery would further increase their interest when compared with clinical students (μ = 3.39 vs μ = 2.69, P = .008). Conclusions All factors that established interest in cardiothoracic surgery occurred before students entered medical school. Although there are negative perceptions associated with cardiothoracic surgery, these may be ameliorated with more exposure to the field. Further research is needed to explore how early exposure in preclinical years of medical school affects students' perceptions and ultimate interest in cardiothoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Vogel
- Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Ala
| | - Austin Wynn
- Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Ala
| | - Megan C. Richards
- Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Ala
| | - Michelle Sindoni
- Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Ala
| | - Caleb L. Hamilton
- Division of Research, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Ala
| | - Juan J. Gallegos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare, Tallahassee, Fla
| | - Tyler J. Wallen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes-Barre, Pa
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Trudell A, Brehm K, Antonoff MB. Access to Mentorship as a Barrier to Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:1529-1530. [PMID: 34780769 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Trudell
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristen Brehm
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mara B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Unit 1489, Houston, TX 77030.
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Hizzett K, Snaith B. Career intentions, their influences and motivational factors in diagnostic radiography: A survey of undergraduate students. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 28:162-167. [PMID: 34642119 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The choice of career and speciality can be a complex process. It is unclear what influences career decisions within undergraduate radiographers and whether the curriculum provides sufficient support. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was undertaken. All undergraduate diagnostic radiography students within one UK higher education institution were invited to participate. Questions were related to anticipated career choice, motivational factors and influences. RESULTS The response rate was 67.6% (90/133). The most popular specialist area for career preference was general radiography. The top three motivational factors were work life balance, career development and job satisfaction. The most influential factors on career choice were clinical placements, radiographers on placements and formal teaching. Career guidance was predominantly sourced from the personal academic tutor and was informed by role models. CONCLUSION Radiography academic teams and clinical placement providers must work together to ensure that students have access to high quality placements across specialities. The experiences received during undergraduate training are important in specialty choice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Career guidance is essential and should begin as early as possible. Clinical and academic radiographers need to appreciate the influence they have on students future career plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hizzett
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - B Snaith
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK; Radiology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Aberford Road, Wakefield, WF1 4DG, UK
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Wilder FG, Kubi B, Kilic A, Capers Q, Higgins RSD. Opening the Door: Navigating cardiothoracic surgery training as an underrepresented minority. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:20-24. [PMID: 34534527 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima G Wilder
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Zayed 7107, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287.
| | - Boateng Kubi
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Zayed 7107, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287
| | - Ahmet Kilic
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Zayed 7107, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287
| | - Quinn Capers
- UT Southwestern, 5253 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Robert S D Higgins
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Zayed 7107, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287
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Mansur A, Yang CFJ. Commentary: The important contributions that first-generation medical students offer to the field of cardiothoracic surgery. JTCVS OPEN 2021; 7:295-296. [PMID: 36003709 PMCID: PMC9390667 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang
- Address for reprints: Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, MD, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114.
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Robinson JA, Do-Nguyen CC. Increasing diversity in cardiothoracic surgery: First-generation medical students. JTCVS OPEN 2021; 7:289-293. [PMID: 36003754 PMCID: PMC9390249 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park LS, Dibble EH, Baird GL, George P, Ahn SH. Considerations in Specialty Selections: What Medical Students Think, Know, and Think They Know about Interventional Radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 32:985-992.e4. [PMID: 33771715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the motivation, deterrents, knowledge, exposure, and other specialty considerations of first- to fourth-year medical students interested in interventional radiology (IR) with those who are not. MATERIALS AND METHODS Matriculants of 5 medical schools varying by region, public/private, class size, and National Institutes of Health research ranking received a 19-question survey with questions about demographics, specialty interests, motivations/deterrents, knowledge, and exposure to IR. RESULTS A total of 25.8% (611/2370) of students completed the survey, of which 20.5% (125/611) expressed interest in IR, and 25% (47/186), 26% (40/153), 24% (34/143), and 3% (3/117) of first-year, second-year, third-year, and fourth-year medical students, respectively, were seriously considering IR. Those interested in IR were less motivated by direct patient care (mean, 2.8/5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-3.0) and longitudinal patient care (mean, 1.6/5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7) (both, P < .01) and more motivated by salary (2.6/5; 95% CI, 2.3-2.9), job market (2.8/5; 95% CI, 2.6-2.9), and procedures (3.1/5; 95% CI, 2.8-3.4) compared with their peers (all P < .05). Those interested in IR were more certain about their IR knowledge (mean range, 1.6-2.0/3.0; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3) than their peers (mean range, 1.9-2.4/3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.1, in which 0 = certain, P ≤ .01); however, both groups scored low in actual knowledge (those considering IR: 35.0-73.2% correct; 95% CI, 23.5-81.4; those who were not: 26.6-66.7% correct; 95% CI, 24.3-75.9, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Although medical students showed interest in IR, they had a limited understanding of IR. IR educators may increase IR interest and understanding among medical students by clarifying the procedural aspects and longitudinal care present in a comprehensive IR practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Park
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. https://twitter.com/LaurenS_Park
| | - Elizabeth H Dibble
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Grayson L Baird
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Lifespan Biostatistics Core, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Paul George
- Department of Family Medicine and Medical Science, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sun Ho Ahn
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. https://twitter.com/SunHoAhn
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Gender Differences in Cardiothoracic Surgery Interest Among General Surgery Applicants. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 112:961-967. [PMID: 33127402 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the overall gender gap in medicine is narrowing, significant gender disparities remain in the cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) field; women represent only 7% of practicing surgeons and 20% of residents. The purpose of this study was to identify gender differences in CTS exposure and interest among fourth year medical students applying to general surgery residency. METHODS An anonymous survey was emailed to general surgery residency applicants at a major academic program for the 2019 and 2020 application cycles. Data were stratified by gender and analyzed using the χ2 and t tests. RESULTS Of the 303 responders to the survey, 44% were women. A total of 58% of women were unlikely to be interested in or were definitely not interested in pursuing a career in CTS compared with 35% of men (P < .05). Men were 2.5 times more likely than women to be interested in CTS (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.1). More men had rotated through CTS (55% vs 44%; P = .04) and shadowed a cardiothoracic surgeon (41% vs 29%; P = .03). More than 30% of women interested in CTS reported mentorship as the most important factor in their decision. Mentorship and CTS rotations were both independently associated with CTS interest after adjusting for gender. CONCLUSIONS Interest in CTS is disappointingly low among women and represents a troublesome disparity that must be addressed. Early exposure to CTS and more mentorship from cardiothoracic surgeons are critical to reverse the current trend. Further studies are necessary to determine factors limiting female exposure to CTS rotations and dissuading female applicants from pursuing careers in CTS.
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Kilcoyne MF, Do-Nguyen CC, Han JJ, Coyan GN, Sultan I, Roberts MB, Carpenter AJ. Clinical Exposure to Cardiothoracic Surgery for Medical Students and General Surgery Residents. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2020; 77:1646-1653. [PMID: 32522562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of integrated 6-year cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) residency programs has shifted recruitment efforts to encompass not only general surgery (GS) residents, but also medical students. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to assess medical student and GS resident clinical exposure to CTS. DESIGN Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Visiting Student Application Service and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Case Log Reports were collected from 2010 to 2017 and 2010 to 2018, respectively. The data extracted included medical students who applied and received an offer for elective rotations and the cases performed as a GS resident. RESULTS A mean of 95 ± 28.5 medical students applied for CTS rotations annually and the applicants for CTS rotations increased by an average of 11.8% per year. However, significantly less students received an offer compared to other specialties (53.4% CTS vs 74.1% GS, 79.3% plastic surgery, 86.3% urology, 85.7% otolaryngology, 88.6% neurological surgery, and 89.6% orthopedic surgery) (p < 0.001). GS residents performed a mean of 39.3 ± 0.8 CTS procedures during residency: 32.9 ± 1.0 performed as a junior resident and 6.3 ± 0.7 as a chief resident. Out of all CTS procedures, 7.3% were cardiac procedures, with rates increasing from 5.6% to 8.4% during the study period (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Elective rotation opportunities in CTS are high in demand for medical students while GS residents receive limited CTS exposure, especially cardiac cases. Increasing clinical opportunities in both groups will aid in recruiting young talent to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell F Kilcoyne
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Chi Chi Do-Nguyen
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason J Han
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Garrett N Coyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael B Roberts
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea J Carpenter
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Impact of a Surgical Subspecialty Roundtable on Career Perception for Preclerkship Medical Students. J Surg Res 2020; 259:493-499. [PMID: 33070996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited exposure to surgical subspecialties during medical school may be responsible for decreasing medical student interest in surgery. Although most medical schools have surgery interest groups to increase exposure, our aim was to evaluate the impact of a focused surgical subspecialty roundtable on preclerkship students' perceptions of surgical careers. METHODS Faculty members from each surgical subspecialty shared their experiences and led roundtable discussions with five to seven first- and second-year medical students at a time (total n = 59). Pre-event and post-event surveys were administered to assess students' interest in surgery, knowledge of training paths, values related to specialty selection, and perception of surgeons. RESULTS Forty students completed pre-event and post-event surveys. The number of students who were extremely or very interested in surgery increased after this event (65% versus 72.5%, P < 0.001). The greatest number of students indicated an interest in orthopedic surgery, and the fewest indicated an interest in neurosurgery. After the event, thirteen (32.5%) students changed their preferences for the subspecialty in which they were most interested. Students demonstrated improved knowledge of training length and integrated residencies (83.8% versus 96.3%, P = 0.003). The perceived importance of intellectual challenge, research opportunities, and training length decreased, whereas the importance of compensation, work/life balance, long-term patient follow-up, and the job market increased. Students' perceptions of surgeons' work/life balance (10% versus 25%, P < 0.001) and ability to be team players (82.5% versus 85%, P = 0.01) improved significantly after the roundtable. CONCLUSIONS The surgical specialty roundtable increased students' interest in surgery, improved knowledge of training paths, and altered perceptions related to career decision-making.
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Coyan GN, Kilic A, Gleason TG, Schuchert MJ, Luketich JD, Okusanya O, Kinnunen A, Sultan I. Medical student perceptions of a career in cardiothoracic surgery: Results of an institutional survey. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:1906-1912. [PMID: 31471086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recruiting medical students to cardiothoracic surgery is critical given new training paradigms and projected cardiothoracic surgeon shortages. This study characterizes current perceptions and exposure to cardiothoracic surgery among all levels of medical students. METHODS Currently active medical students at all levels at a US allopathic medical school were sent an invitation to complete an online survey. Baseline demographics, medical specialty interest, interest and exposure to cardiac surgery specifically, and awareness of procedures performed by cardiothoracic surgeons were evaluated. Five-point Likert scales were used to evaluate attitudes toward facets of the field of cardiothoracic surgery. Only complete surveys over the 4-week enrollment period were used for analysis. RESULTS There were 126 surveys (22%) completed during the study period. Interest in cardiothoracic surgery at any point was indicated by 37% of students, but only 13% indicated an interest at the time of the survey. Interest among first-year students was greater than all other classes (30% vs <15%, P = .02). Lifestyle factors and personal attributes of cardiothoracic surgeons were noted as negative factors influencing cardiothoracic surgery perception, whereas intellectual challenge and clinical impact were cited as positive factors. Increasing interaction with faculty/residents and simulation experiences were factors noted to increase interest in the field. CONCLUSIONS Although medical students report early interest in cardiothoracic surgery because of intellectual stimulation and patient care attributes, lack of early exposure and perceived poor lifestyle negatively affect interest in the field. Early interaction between students and cardiothoracic faculty/trainees along with early exposure opportunities may increase recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett N Coyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Arman Kilic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Thomas G Gleason
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Matthew J Schuchert
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - James D Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Olugbenga Okusanya
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Angela Kinnunen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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Davis TA, Yesantharao PS, Yang SC. Where Do We Begin? Building Blocks to Establish a Cardiothoracic Surgery Interest Group. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107:1854-1859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Algethami MR, Bandah ST, Safhi MA, Noman GA, Ghunaim AH, Rizk H, Alnajjar HA. Factors Influencing Saudi Medical Student's Decision Towards Cardiothoracic Surgery as a Future Career, a Cross Sectional Study. Mater Sociomed 2019; 31:197-201. [PMID: 31762702 PMCID: PMC6853736 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.197-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There has been a progressive decline in students’ interest to consider cardiothoracic surgery as future career in the distant regions in the world. There are many factors could explain declining interest in cardiothoracic surgery including diminished caseloads due to the expansive growth of interventional cardiology; length of training programs that influences medical student’s perception. King Abdulaziz University student’s interest to join the speciality explored in our study. We determined some factors that influence their decision making toward their cardiothoracic career. Aim: We aimed to estimate the current interests of medical students at King Abdulaziz University to pursue a career in Cardiothoracic surgery and to determine the factors that positively or negatively affect their decision. Material and Methods: A self-administered online survey designed on Google form was distributed through email to fourth, fifth, and sixth-year medical students. Five domains; demographics, current career intentions, previous exposure to surgery, experiences and perceptions of cardiothoracic surgery were covered in the questionnaire to identify factors affecting student decision to choose cardiothoracic surgery as a future career. Results: Among 486 students at our institution, 179 (36, 83%) medical students completed the questionnaire more than half of them 91 (50.8%) were males. The percentage of students who considered cardiothoracic surgery as a future career was (4.5%); when asked if they were serious in pursuing a career in cardiothoracic surgery, (14.5%) of the student were affirmative. Of those participated in the survey, Twenty-four students believed they had adequate introduction to the cardiothoracic surgery during their undergraduate program. Conclusion: cardiothoracic surgery is falling away behind other specialties as career of choice for many future physicians. It is believed mainly related to inadequate introduction to the field. Increasing exposure and close mentorship is needed to attract more students to pursue a career in cardiothoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara T Bandah
- Medical Intern, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Safhi
- Medical students, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaida A Noman
- Medical Intern, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hisham Rizk
- Department of Surgery, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A Alnajjar
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Meza JM, Rectenwald JE, Reddy RM. The Bias Against Integrated Thoracic Surgery Residency Applicants During General Surgery Interviews. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1206-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ghannam M, Zhao L, Reddy RM. Current interest in careers in surgery and cardiothoracic surgery from the millennial generation. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2014; 71:668-673. [PMID: 24831442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interest in cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) as a career has decreased over the past decade. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many surgeons develop an interest in CTS before medical school and even before college. This study evaluates the interest of high-school students at a magnet high school, with regard to careers in medicine, in surgery, and in CTS. DESIGN A survey assessing career interests and values was conducted among junior and senior high-school students. Students were given a 1-hour presentation by a cardiothoracic (CT) surgeon on the postgraduate training process and then completed a postpresentation survey. SETTING A magnet math and science high school, the Kalamazoo Area Mathematics and Science Center. PARTICIPANTS Of 128 students, 117 (91% response rate) completed the survey. RESULTS Overall, 38% of students reported having a high interest in medicine; of this group, 58% reported a high interest in surgery and 36% reported having a high interest in CTS. Men were more likely than women were to have a high interest in surgery and CTS (p < 0.001). Students with at least 1 family member as a physician vs those without were more likely to be interested in medicine, surgery, and CTS and also have a higher level of concern for postgraduation debt (p < 0.01). Women were more likely than men were to have a high level of concern about postgraduation debt (p = 0.018). After a presentation by a CT surgeon, students showed no changes in interest in medicine careers but did report an increased level of knowledge about the process of becoming a CT surgeon, going from 31% to 72%. CONCLUSIONS There exists a large interest in both surgery and CTS at the high-school level, but there may be a need for more active outreach to maintain and foster their interest in surgery and CTS through undergraduate and medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ghannam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Bohl M, Reddy RM. Spouses of thoracic surgery applicants: changing demographics and motivations in a new generation. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2013; 70:640-646. [PMID: 24016376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Applications to thoracic residency have decreased. The causes are multifactorial, but include changing motivations such as lifestyle concerns. Thoracic residents (TRs) have been well studied, but no one has ever characterized the influence or motivations of their spouses. We sought to evaluate the demographics and interests of TR spouses. METHODS An electronic survey was sent to all TR applicants over 2 years at 2 training programs and to all current TRs in 2010. Recipients were asked to forward the survey to their spouses. Responses were analyzed globally and compared in subgroups. RESULTS Sixty-six surveys were completed and returned for a response rate of 19%. Among them, 86% of respondents were female, with 82% being married for a mean of 4.3 years. Fifty-nine percent of respondents had children and 64% were planning on having more children within 3 years. Hundred percent felt optimistic that they would be financially stable after training, but only 57% were optimistic about quality of life after training. Eighty-four percent felt that they had influence on the choice of training program. Almost 80% wanted more information on salary, housing, and access to faculty spouses. Quality of fellowship, geographic location, and proximity to family were the top 3 factors in choosing a program. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 90% of respondents reported they want to travel to more interviews, and nearly 90% of respondents reported having some to complete influence over which training program to attend. It is safe to presume, therefore, that applicant spouses are not only highly influential on TR applicants but also interested in greater inclusion in the interview process. The results show numerous demographic and characteristic trends which, if further validated by definitive studies, would be applicable to all post-surgery residency training programs and may help TR programs to be more competitive in attracting applicants and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bohl
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Junges Forum der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie e. V. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-013-1006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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